A linkage type double-layer photovoltaic curtain wall integrating power generation and sunshade

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic curtain walls, and particularly discloses a linkage type double-layer photovoltaic curtain wall integrating power generation and sun-shading, the back of the support frame is fixedly connected with a mounting piece, the inner side of the support frame is fixedly connected with inner-layer glass, the upper and lower sides of the front of the support frame are respectively fixedly connected with heat radiating components and air guiding components, and the other sides of the heat radiating components and the air guiding components are fixedly connected with support frames. The linkage type double-layer photovoltaic curtain wall integrating power generation and sun-shading is provided with photovoltaic modules, copper indium gallium selenide thin film photovoltaic cells are covered on the surfaces of the modules, the thin film photovoltaic modules have the characteristics of low cost and bendability compared with crystalline silicon cells, can be made into different light transmittance and applied to glass curtain walls, have good high-temperature performance and weak light performance, have small power loss caused by shadow shielding, and the shape of each photovoltaic cell is a hexagonal structure of a bionic honeycomb structure, so that the array shielding between the photovoltaic modules is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic curtain wall technology, specifically to a linked double-layer photovoltaic curtain wall that integrates power generation and sun shading. Background Technology

[0002] Double-layer photovoltaic curtain walls are a new type of green building component that integrates building envelope, photovoltaic power generation, and energy-saving insulation functions. Its structure consists of two layers of glass curtain walls and an air cavity in the middle. The inner layer of glass mostly uses hollow energy-saving glass to ensure indoor thermal insulation. The outer layer of glass integrates photovoltaic cell modules, which can directly convert solar energy into electrical energy and connect to the building's power system or the power grid. The air cavity in the middle can reduce heat transfer and reduce building heating and cooling energy consumption, and also provide space for the photovoltaic modules to dissipate heat and improve power generation efficiency. At the same time, through reasonable component arrangement and light transmittance design, this curtain wall can take into account the building's lighting needs and aesthetic appearance, and is widely applicable to modern high-rise buildings such as office buildings and commercial complexes.

[0003] Chinese patent CN110878602A discloses a photovoltaic curtain wall system, comprising: a curtain wall facade; a first photovoltaic module, protruding from the outer side of the curtain wall facade; and a reflector, mounted on the curtain wall facade via a bracket and located below the first photovoltaic module, with the reflector movably connected to the bracket. By configuring the first photovoltaic module, the reflector, and an angle adjustment device, the reflection angle of sunlight on the reflector can be automatically adjusted according to the solar altitude angle and reflected onto the first photovoltaic module. This improves the amount of solar energy reflected onto the surface of the first photovoltaic module, resulting in better power generation efficiency and greater energy conservation and environmental friendliness. While the technical solution can adjust the photovoltaic module's power generation efficiency based on the solar altitude angle, it still has significant drawbacks in practical applications. Specifically, when the photovoltaic panel tilts to follow the solar altitude angle, sunlight can easily enter the room through gaps in the panel or at the adjusted tilt angle, causing abnormally high indoor temperatures and overheating. Furthermore, this adjustment method focuses solely on improving power generation efficiency, neglecting the actual needs of indoor shading and temperature control. It fails to achieve the universal function of avoiding direct sunlight and cannot meet the goals of improving power generation efficiency, optimizing indoor light environment quality, and saving energy in building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a linked double-layer photovoltaic curtain wall integrating power generation and shading, comprising: A support frame is provided, with a mounting component fixedly connected to its back, an inner layer of glass fixedly connected to its inner side, a heat dissipation component and an air guide component fixedly connected to the upper and lower sides of the front of the support frame, a support frame fixedly connected to the other side of the heat dissipation component and the air guide component, and a connecting component fixedly connected to the side of the support frame near the support frame. A photovoltaic component, wherein the side of the photovoltaic component is rotatably connected to the inner side of the support frame; The photovoltaic component includes a photovoltaic module, which is covered with a copper indium gallium selenide thin-film photovoltaic cell. The photovoltaic cell adopts a hexagonal structure with a biomimetic honeycomb structure. The photovoltaic module is fixedly connected to two connecting frames on both sides near the middle of the support frame. A sensing module is fixedly connected to the middle of the photovoltaic module. A connecting frame two is fixedly connected to the side of the photovoltaic module away from the connecting frame one. A connecting seat is rotatably connected to the other end of the connecting frame two. The side of the connecting seat away from the connecting frame two is fixedly connected to the inner side of the support frame. The connecting component includes two mounting seats. The side of the mounting seat is fixedly connected to the inner side of the support frame. An electric telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the inner side of the mounting seat. A rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the output end of the electric telescopic rod. The side of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the inner side of the connecting frame. A light-shielding mechanism is rotatably connected to the side of the electric telescopic rod. Preferably, the light-blocking mechanism includes a light-transmitting sunshade curtain roller, both ends of which are rotatably connected to the inner side of the support frame. A light-transmitting sunshade curtain is fitted onto the side of the light-transmitting sunshade curtain roller. Both ends of the light-transmitting sunshade curtain on the side away from the light-transmitting sunshade curtain roller are rotatably connected to a connecting rod via a mounting block. The side of the connecting rod away from the light-transmitting sunshade curtain is slidably connected to the inner side of the support frame. The other end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the other side of the rotating shaft. Preferably, the heat dissipation component includes a heat dissipation shell, the front and back sides of which are fixedly connected to a support frame and a support frame, respectively. Heat dissipation plates are fixedly connected to the upper and lower sides of the inner cavity of the heat dissipation shell, a heat dissipation mesh is fixedly connected to the middle of the inner cavity of the heat dissipation shell, a driving component is fixedly connected to the top of the heat dissipation mesh, the output end of the driving component is fixedly connected to the top of the fan blade, and a fan blade is rotatably connected to the bottom of the heat dissipation mesh. Preferably, the air guide component includes an air guide shell, the front and back sides of which are fixedly connected to a support frame and a support frame, respectively. An air guide net is fixedly connected to the top of the inner cavity of the air guide shell, a mesh plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the air guide net, a shielding frame is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the air guide shell, and round holes are evenly opened on the side of the shielding frame. Guide vanes are rotatably connected to both sides of the inner cavity of the air guide shell, and the side of the guide vanes contacts the inner side of the shielding frame. It also includes: a control system for the photovoltaic curtain wall, which includes: a sensing module, which is the basic sensing unit of the system. Through solar position sensor, light intensity sensor, ambient temperature sensor, and building energy consumption monitoring sensor, it collects four types of data in real time: solar trajectory, azimuth angle, elevation angle, outdoor direct sunlight intensity, indoor and outdoor temperature difference, and real-time building power load, providing basic environmental and energy consumption parameters for subsequent decision-making.

[0005] The control module is a key data support unit of the system. It collects data on solar radiation intensity and the presence of people indoors through a total radiation meter, infrared sensor, lux meter, and power meter. Four core data points—indoor illuminance, photovoltaic power generation, and building electricity consumption—are directly used to determine shading needs, human comfort, and net energy demand. The interaction module is the human-computer interaction and command execution unit of the system. It consists of three parts: local touch terminal, mobile terminal APP, and background linkage control module. On the one hand, it supports personnel to manually issue global, zone, and angle fine-tuning commands for photovoltaic modules to meet the field of view requirements. On the other hand, it receives decision commands in automatic mode as driving signals to ensure that multiple components act synchronously and at the same time provides feedback on the execution status. The machine learning module is the core unit of the system's intelligent decision-making. It covers five sub-units: data preprocessing, feature engineering, model training and optimization, online inference and decision-making, and feedback iteration. It receives fused data from the sensing module and the control module, identifies weather, people, and seasonal scenarios through a hybrid algorithm model, calculates the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic modules, and achieves multi-objective optimization of power generation, shading, and comfort. At the same time, it continuously iterates the model accuracy through operational data feedback. The sensing module and the control module collect data in parallel and upload it to the machine learning module in a unified manner. The former provides solar and climate environment data, while the latter provides radiation, personnel, and energy data, which together constitute the input dataset for model decision-making. The machine learning module outputs the optimal angle command based on the input data and sends it to the background linkage control unit of the interaction module; the unit parses the command and drives the photovoltaic component to rotate through the connecting parts, while feeding back the execution status to the machine learning module for model bias analysis; Manual commands from the interactive module have higher priority than automatic commands from the machine learning module. When a user initiates a manual operation, the system pauses automatic decision-making and executes the manual command. After the operation is completed, the user can choose to resume automatic mode, and the machine learning module will smoothly transition to intelligent adjustment based on the current component perspective.

[0006] This invention provides a linked double-layer photovoltaic curtain wall that integrates power generation and sun shading. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This integrated double-layer photovoltaic curtain wall combines power generation and shading. It is equipped with photovoltaic modules, using copper indium gallium selenide thin-film photovoltaic cells to cover the module surface. Compared with crystalline silicon cells, thin-film photovoltaic modules have the characteristics of low cost, flexibility, and can be made into different light transmittances for use in glass curtain walls. They have good high-temperature performance, good low-light performance, and less power loss due to shading. To reduce array shading between photovoltaic modules, each photovoltaic cell adopts a hexagonal structure with a biomimetic honeycomb structure. Each photovoltaic module can track the incident angle of sunlight throughout the year and independently, automatically or manually adjust its rotation angle to achieve the optimal balance between power generation potential, total building energy consumption, spatial solar autonomy, solar glare probability, predicted average vote value (PMV), and operating temperature.

[0007] 2. This integrated double-layer photovoltaic curtain wall, combining power generation and shading, is equipped with a shading mechanism. When the output end of the electric telescopic rod extends and retracts within the connecting frame, driving the photovoltaic modules to rotate, it simultaneously pulls the translucent shading curtain downwards along the curtain's roller axis via a connecting rod. While the photovoltaic modules automatically open and the outdoor view is released, it blocks direct sunlight from shining on indoor personnel and computer screens at workstations, avoiding glare interference and ensuring visual comfort for indoor personnel. At the same time, the translucent shading curtain does not obstruct indoor lighting after being rolled up, balancing the power generation efficiency after the photovoltaic modules are reset with the indoor natural light utilization needs. The automatic reset function of the retractor ensures that the translucent shading curtain is neatly stored.

[0008] 3. This integrated double-layer photovoltaic curtain wall, combining power generation and shading, is equipped with heat dissipation components. When the external wind force is low and natural ventilation is insufficient to dissipate the heat inside the cavity, causing the internal temperature of the cavity to become too high, the ambient temperature sensor will capture the signal in real time and send a start command. After receiving the command, the drive unit's output end drives the fan blades to rotate at high speed at the bottom of the heat dissipation mesh, actively drawing the hot air inside the cavity upwards. While achieving the exhaust of hot air, the heat dissipation plate also acts as a dust barrier, reducing dust accumulation inside the cavity. For low wind speed scenarios where natural ventilation fails, the active exhaust quickly cools down the temperature, ensuring that the photovoltaic modules are always within a suitable operating temperature range and stabilizing power generation efficiency.

[0009] 4. This integrated double-layer photovoltaic curtain wall, combining power generation and shading, is equipped with air guiding components. When air enters the cavity through the bottom air guiding shell, the shading frame installed at the bottom can intercept impurities and dust in the airflow, preventing dust from entering the cavity and causing internal dust accumulation. When the wind force is strong, the airflow passes through the evenly spaced round holes on the shading frame and enters the air guiding shell, simultaneously driving the guide vanes inside the frame to rotate synchronously. The guide vanes automatically rotate and clean themselves with the airflow, requiring no additional power drive, thus achieving a self-cleaning function. This ensures that the ventilation channel remains unobstructed for a long time, ensuring stable airflow circulation efficiency driven by thermal pressure and wind pressure, and maintaining the heat dissipation effect of the photovoltaic modules. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the interconnected double-layer photovoltaic curtain wall that integrates power generation and sun shading according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the support frame of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the inner glass layer of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic component of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic module of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting component of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the light-shielding mechanism of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the heat dissipation component of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the air guide component of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the system flow of the present invention.

[0011] In the diagram: 1. Support frame; 2. Mounting component; 3. Support frame; 4. Photovoltaic component; 41. Photovoltaic module; 42. Sensing module; 43. Connecting frame one; 44. Connecting frame two; 45. Connecting seat; 5. Heat dissipation component; 51. Heat dissipation shell; 52. Heat dissipation plate; 53. Fan blade; 54. Heat dissipation mesh; 55. Drive component; 6. Air guide component; 61. Air guide shell; 62. Air guide mesh; 63. Mesh plate; 64. Shading frame; 65. Round hole; 66. Guide vane; 8. Inner glass layer; 9. Connecting component; 91. Mounting seat; 92. Electric telescopic rod; 93. Shading mechanism; 931. Light-transmitting sunshade curtain roller; 932. Light-transmitting sunshade curtain; 933. Connecting rod. Detailed Implementation

[0012] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0013] Example 1, please refer to Figures 1-4 This invention provides a technical solution: a linked double-layer photovoltaic curtain wall integrating power generation and sun shading, comprising: Support frame 1, mounting component 2 is fixedly connected to the back of support frame 1, inner glass 8 is fixedly connected to the inner side of support frame 1, heat dissipation component 5 and air guide component 6 are fixedly connected to the upper and lower sides of the front of support frame 1 respectively, support frame 3 is fixedly connected to the other side of heat dissipation component 5 and air guide component 6, and connecting component 9 is fixedly connected to the side of support frame 1 near support frame 3. Photovoltaic component 4, the side of photovoltaic component 4 is rotatably connected to the inside of support frame 3; Please see Figure 5 The photovoltaic component 4 includes a photovoltaic module 41. The photovoltaic module 41 is covered with a copper indium gallium selenide thin-film photovoltaic cell. The photovoltaic cell adopts a hexagonal structure with a biomimetic honeycomb structure. The photovoltaic module 41 is fixedly connected to two sides near the middle of the support frame 1 with a first connecting frame 43. The photovoltaic module 41 is fixedly connected to the middle of the photovoltaic module 41 with a sensing module 42. The photovoltaic module 41 is fixedly connected to a second connecting frame 44 on the side away from the first connecting frame 43. The other end of the second connecting frame 44 is rotatably connected to a connecting seat 45. The side of the connecting seat 45 away from the second connecting frame 44 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the support frame 1. First, the sensing module 42 and various sensors of the control module collect multi-dimensional data such as sunlight, energy consumption, and indoor environment. Based on the machine learning model, the changes in sunlight, the real-time energy demand of the building, the indoor thermal environment and indoor lighting conditions are comprehensively analyzed and predicted. Then, real-time dynamic control commands for the angle are issued. After the instruction is sent to the background control module, the control module triggers the drive signal to drive the electric telescopic pole 92 to move. The output end of the electric telescopic pole 92 drives the photovoltaic module 41 through the connecting frame 1 43, so that the photovoltaic module 41 rotates on the connecting seat 45 with the help of the connecting frame 2 44, thereby responding to the prediction results of the machine learning model to complete the angle and position adjustment, ultimately ensuring that the photovoltaic module 41 always adapts to changes in sunlight, indoor thermal environment and indoor lighting needs. Indoor management personnel can log in by swiping a card on a local touch terminal or by using a mobile terminal APP account and password. The system verifies the operator's permissions, and after successful verification, switches to manual control mode. The control interface simultaneously displays the real-time angle status of the photovoltaic modules 41 in each zone. Based on the required outdoor visibility, the operator selects and issues the appropriate control command type, which includes three command options: Option 1 is global control, which means clicking to open all vertically by 90° or reset all vertically to 0°. Option 2 is partition control, which involves selecting the target partition and clicking the enable or reset command; Option 3 is for fine-tuning the angle, which can be applied globally or only to a specific area. You can drag the angle slider to set a custom angle within the range of 0°-90° and then click the confirmation command. After receiving the angle control command from the operator, the control module automatically retrieves the real-time monitoring data from the outdoor wind speed sensor for safety verification. If the wind speed is less than 15 m / s, the command is deemed valid and the command execution phase begins. If the wind speed is ≥15m / s, a pop-up window will appear on the control interface to indicate strong winds, prohibiting operation and rejecting the control command. For partition control commands, an additional step is required to verify the status of the target partition component. If a fault is detected in the target partition component, a pop-up message will appear stating "A certain partition component is abnormal and cannot be executed". After the command verification is successful, the background linkage control module converts the angle control command into a drive signal and sends the signal to the electric telescopic pole 92 of the corresponding photovoltaic module 41 according to the partitioning rules. The output end of the electric telescopic pole 92 drives the photovoltaic module 41 through the first connecting frame 43, so that the photovoltaic module 41 rotates on the connecting seat 45 with the help of the second connecting frame 44; During the rotation of photovoltaic module 41, the angle encoder collects the current actual angle of the module in real time and feeds the angle data back to the background linkage control module; After the photovoltaic module 41 rotates to the target angle, the electric telescopic rod 92 stops automatically, and the background linkage control module locks the current angle parameters; The local touch terminal and mobile terminal APP interface update the 41-degree angle value of the photovoltaic module in real time and pop up a window to prompt "Operation successful"; If abnormal conditions such as motor overload or mechanical jamming are detected during rotation, the system will immediately trigger a fault alarm program. After the operation is completed, the operator can choose between two mode switching options: Option 1 is to maintain manual mode, that is, the photovoltaic module 41 is locked at the current angle and is not affected by the automatic control mode commands; Option 2 is to restore the automatic control mode, that is, the system records the current manual adjustment angle and uses it as the initial value to smoothly transition to the automatic control mode; If an emergency occurs during the rotation of photovoltaic module 41, the operator can press the physical emergency stop button on the local touch terminal, and the system will immediately cut off the power supply to the motor. Please see Figure 6 The connecting component 9 includes two mounting bases 91. The side of the mounting base 91 is fixedly connected to the inside of the support frame 1. An electric telescopic rod 92 is fixedly connected to the inside of the mounting base 91. A rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the output end of the electric telescopic rod 92. The side of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the inside of the connecting frame 43. A light-shielding mechanism 93 is rotatably connected to the side of the electric telescopic rod 92. Please see Figure 7The shading mechanism 93 includes a light-transmitting sunshade curtain roller 931. Both ends of the light-transmitting sunshade curtain roller 931 are rotatably connected to the inner side of the support frame 1. A light-transmitting sunshade curtain 932 is sleeved on the side of the light-transmitting sunshade curtain roller 931. Both ends of the light-transmitting sunshade curtain 932 away from the light-transmitting sunshade curtain roller 931 are rotatably connected to a connecting rod 933 through a mounting block. The side of the connecting rod 933 away from the light-transmitting sunshade curtain 932 is slidably connected to the inner side of the support frame 1. The other end of the connecting rod 933 is rotatably connected to the other side of the rotating shaft. When the output end of the electric telescopic rod 92 extends and retracts within the connecting frame 43 and drives the photovoltaic module 41 to rotate, it will simultaneously pull the light-transmitting sunshade curtain 932 downward along the light-transmitting sunshade curtain roller 931 via the connecting rod 933. During this process, the connecting rod 933 slides down synchronously inside the support frame 1 as the electric telescopic rod 92 stretches, thereby pulling the light-transmitting sunshade curtain 932 sleeved on the roller to unfold and lower, thus achieving sunshade of the inner glass 8. While the photovoltaic module 41 automatically turns on and the outdoor view is released, it blocks the direct sunlight from shining into the indoor occupants, avoids glare interference, and ensures the visual comfort of the indoor occupants. When the electric telescopic rod 92 drives the photovoltaic module 41 to rotate, retract and reset, the connecting rod 933 simultaneously pulls the light-transmitting sunshade curtain 932 to move upward. At this time, the light-transmitting sunshade curtain 932 can automatically complete the winding and storage with the help of the winding device on the roller. Example 2, please refer to Figure 8 Based on Embodiment 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: The heat dissipation component 5 includes a heat dissipation shell 51. The front and back sides of the heat dissipation shell 51 are fixedly connected to the support frame 1 and the support frame 3, respectively. Heat dissipation plates 52 are fixedly connected to the upper and lower sides of the inner cavity of the heat dissipation shell 51. A heat dissipation mesh 54 is fixedly connected to the middle of the inner cavity of the heat dissipation shell 51. A driving component 55 is fixedly connected to the top of the heat dissipation mesh 54. The output end of the driving component 55 is fixedly connected to the top of the fan blade 53. The fan blade 53 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the heat dissipation mesh 54. When the outside wind is weak and natural ventilation is insufficient to dissipate the heat inside the cavity, causing the temperature inside the cavity to be too high, the ambient temperature sensor will capture the signal in real time and send a start command. After receiving the command, the drive unit 55 drives the fan blade 53 to rotate at high speed at the bottom of the heat dissipation net 54, actively drawing the hot air inside the cavity upward. The hot air is finally discharged to the outside of the curtain wall through the heat dissipation plate 52 and the heat dissipation net 54, quickly reducing the temperature inside the cavity and preventing the photovoltaic module 41 from experiencing a decrease in power generation efficiency due to continuous high temperature. Meanwhile, the heat dissipation plate 52 installed on the top of the heat dissipation shell 51 can block external dust and debris from entering the cavity, preventing dust accumulation from affecting the heat dissipation and power generation performance of the photovoltaic module 41. Please see Figure 9The air guide component 6 includes an air guide shell 61. The front and back sides of the air guide shell 61 are fixedly connected to the support frame 1 and the support frame 3, respectively. An air guide net 62 is fixedly connected to the top of the inner cavity of the air guide shell 61. A mesh plate 63 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the air guide net 62. A shielding frame 64 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the air guide shell 61. Circular holes 65 are evenly opened on the side of the shielding frame 64. Guide vanes 66 are rotatably connected to both sides of the inner cavity of the air guide shell 61. The side of the guide vanes 66 is in contact with the inner side of the shielding frame 64. When the bottom air enters the cavity through the air guide shell 61, the shield 64 installed at the bottom can intercept impurities and dust in the airflow, preventing dust from entering the cavity with the airflow and causing internal dust accumulation, and preventing dust from adhering to the back of the photovoltaic module 41 and affecting power generation efficiency and heat dissipation. When the wind is strong, the airflow passes through the evenly spaced round holes 65 on the shield 64 and enters the air guide shell 61, while simultaneously driving the guide vanes 66 inside the frame to rotate synchronously. The rotating guide vane 66 continuously contacts and rubs against the inner side of the shield 64, which can clean the dust adhering to the inner side of the shield 64 in time, avoid reducing ventilation efficiency due to dust accumulation clogging the round hole 65, and ensure the stability of airflow circulation. After being purified by the shielding frame 64, the airflow continues to flow upward, passing through the mesh plate 63 and the air guide net 62 in sequence to achieve secondary filtration, and finally enters the cavity to flush the back of the photovoltaic module 41 to complete heat dissipation. Example 3, please refer to Figure 10 Based on Embodiment 2, the present invention provides a technical solution that further includes: The control system for the photovoltaic curtain wall includes: The sensing module 42 is the basic sensing unit of the system. It collects four types of data in real time: solar trajectory, azimuth angle, elevation angle, outdoor direct sunlight intensity, indoor and outdoor temperature difference, and real-time building power load through solar position sensor, light intensity sensor, ambient temperature sensor, and building energy consumption monitoring sensor. This provides basic parameters of environment and energy consumption for subsequent decision-making.

[0014] The control module is the key data support unit of the system. It uses four core data points—total radiation meter, infrared sensor, illuminance meter, power meter, indoor occupant status, indoor illuminance value, photovoltaic power generation, and building electricity consumption—to directly determine shading needs, occupant comfort, and net energy demand. The interaction module is the human-computer interaction and command execution unit of the system. It consists of three parts: local touch terminal, mobile terminal APP, and background linkage control module. On the one hand, it supports manual issuance of global, zone, and angle fine-tuning commands for photovoltaic modules 41 to meet the field of view requirements; on the other hand, it receives decision commands in automatic mode as drive signals to ensure that multiple components act synchronously and at the same time provides feedback on the execution status. The machine learning module is the core unit of the system's intelligent decision-making. It covers five sub-units: data preprocessing, feature engineering, model training and optimization, online inference decision-making, and feedback iteration. It receives fused data from the sensing module 42 and the control module, identifies weather, people, and seasonal scenarios through a hybrid algorithm model, calculates the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic module 41, and achieves multi-objective optimization of power generation, shading, and comfort. At the same time, it continuously iterates the model accuracy through operational data feedback. The sensing module 42 and the control module collect data in parallel and upload them to the machine learning module in a unified manner. The former provides solar and climate environment data, while the latter provides radiation, personnel, and energy data, which together constitute the input dataset for model decision-making. The machine learning module outputs the optimal angle command based on the input data and sends it to the background linkage control unit of the interaction module; the unit parses the command and drives the photovoltaic component 4 to rotate through the connecting component 9, while feeding back the execution status to the machine learning module for model bias analysis; Manual commands from the interactive module have higher priority than automatic commands from the machine learning module. When a user initiates a manual operation, the system pauses automatic decision-making and executes the manual command. After the operation is completed, the user can choose to resume automatic mode, and the machine learning module will smoothly transition to intelligent adjustment based on the current component perspective.

[0015] Specific workflow: The sensors of the sensing module 42 and the control module collect and upload data. The control module collects solar radiation intensity from the total radiation meter, the presence of people from the infrared sensor, the indoor illuminance from the illuminance meter, and the power generation and power consumption data from the power meter. The sensing module 42 collects azimuth and elevation angles from the solar position sensor, solar radiation intensity on the building facade from the light intensity sensor, indoor and outdoor temperatures from the ambient temperature sensor, and real-time power load data from the building energy consumption monitoring sensor. Subsequently, the data preprocessing subunit of the machine learning module processes these raw data, removes outliers caused by sensor malfunctions, unifies the data time dimension alignment by using the sensor timestamps, fills in missing data using interpolation, and normalizes data of different dimensions to the [0,1] interval; Next, the feature engineering subunit extracts key features from the preprocessed data, including time-series features such as solar radiation variation rate, personnel work and rest, building work and rest, and peak and valley electricity consumption indicators; scene features such as sunny, cloudy, and partly cloudy weather scenes based on total radiation meter and light intensity sensor; scenes with people and without people based on infrared sensor; and seasonal scenes such as summer, winter, and transitional season based on temperature sensor; as well as correlation features such as indoor thermal environment, illuminance, shading angle correlation, power generation, solar azimuth correlation curve, and self-consumption rate. Afterwards, the model training and optimization subunit constructs a hybrid algorithm model of random forest and deep reinforcement learning, which receives feature data to make decisions. First, the random forest model identifies the combination patterns of weather, people, and seasons, and outputs the basic range of component angles, such as 30°-60° for sunny days with people in summer. Then, the deep reinforcement learning model weighs the optimal values ​​of power generation, total energy consumption, light environment comfort, and thermal environment comfort, and calculates the optimal angle for each zone within the basic range. For example, 45° in populated areas balances sunshade, power generation, and environmental comfort, while 60° in uninhabited areas maximizes power generation. The next step is for the online inference and decision-making subunit to verify the angle command output by the model, confirm that the angle is within the mechanical limit range of 0°-90°, and ensure that the angle difference between adjacent components is ≤10° to avoid airflow turbulence. If the wind speed is detected to be ≥15m / s, the unit will forcibly output all reset 0° commands and lock the operation. Finally, the back-end linkage control module parses the verified partition angle command into a signal and sends it to the driver to drive the component to rotate synchronously. At the same time, it links the coordination system. When the component rotates to a shading angle of ≥30°, and the indoor illuminance is <200 lux, the corresponding area's LED lighting is turned on and automatically turned off after the illuminance reaches the standard. That is, indoor illuminance <200 lux indicates insufficient natural light, and daytime glare probability DGP >0.4 indicates excessive glare. At the same time, the light-transmitting shading curtain is preset with graded opening angles. Subsequently, the sensors collect relevant data such as indoor and outdoor light intensity, solar azimuth, personnel distribution, and the status of sunshades and lighting equipment in each zone. After preprocessing by the machine learning module, a two-level progressive judgment is carried out. The first level first determines whether there is insufficient lighting. If the indoor illuminance is ≥200 lux, the current equipment status is maintained and the process ends. If it is <200 lux, the second level of judgment is entered. The model simulates and calculates the glare probability after the sunshade is opened. If the glare is determined to be within the limit (DGP≤0.4), the background linkage control module drives the sunshade to open at the optimal supplementary lighting angle. After opening, the illuminance is checked again. If the illuminance rises to ≥200 lux, the status is maintained. If it is still insufficient, the corresponding zone's artificial lighting is immediately turned on until the illuminance meets the standard. If it is determined that opening the sunshade will cause excessive glare, the sunshade opening action will be skipped, and the artificial lighting in the target zone will be turned on simultaneously with graded dimming until the indoor illuminance reaches 200 lux. After the process is executed, the system will continuously monitor the light environment and equipment status data of each zone in real time. If the illuminance is insufficient again due to factors such as the sun angle or weather, or if the glare status changes, the entire process will be dynamically adjusted again. If the sunshade motor fails to open, the artificial lighting will be turned on directly and an alarm will pop up. Meanwhile, the system retains manual intervention permissions. Indoor personnel can switch to manual control mode via a local touch terminal or mobile app to adjust the sunshades and lighting equipment. After switching back to automatic mode, the system will restart the process from the current equipment status. In addition, dedicated glare sensors can be installed near windows in each zone as needed to directly collect DGP values ​​instead of model simulation calculations, improving the accuracy of judgment. When the photovoltaic module 41 is not rotating, the heat generated during the power generation process of the outer photovoltaic module 41 will heat the air inside the cavity. After the density of the hot air decreases, it will rise naturally and be discharged through the top heat dissipation component 5. At the same time, low-temperature outdoor air is drawn in by the bottom air guide component 6, forming an airflow circulation from bottom to top. The airflow directly washes the back of the component to achieve cooling. The wind pressure-driven Bernoulli effect further enhances heat dissipation efficiency. When outdoor air flows through the outside of the curtain wall, it will create a wind pressure difference on the surface of the curtain wall. The wind pressure can force the air in the cavity to flow and accelerate the heat exchange process. In addition, the airflow enters the cavity through the lower air guide component 6, further guiding the hot air to rise and be discharged through the top heat dissipation component 5, continuously maintaining the airflow circulation from bottom to top, directly scouring the back of the photovoltaic module 41, thereby reducing the temperature inside the cavity and achieving stable heat dissipation of the photovoltaic module 41. When the outside wind is weak and natural ventilation is insufficient to dissipate the heat inside the cavity, causing the internal temperature of the cavity to be too high, the ambient temperature sensor will capture the signal in real time and send a start command to drive the heat dissipation component 5 to perform heat dissipation and air extraction work on the cavity.

[0016] Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art and related fields based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Structures, devices, and operating methods not specifically described and explained in the present invention, unless otherwise specified or limited, shall be implemented according to conventional means in the art.

Claims

1. A linked double-layer photovoltaic curtain wall integrating power generation and shading, characterized in that, include: A support frame (1) is fixedly connected to a mounting component (2) on its back. An inner glass layer (8) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the support frame (1). A heat dissipation component (5) and an air guide component (6) are fixedly connected to the upper and lower sides of the front of the support frame (1), respectively. A support frame (3) is fixedly connected to the other side of the heat dissipation component (5) and the air guide component (6). A connecting component (9) is fixedly connected to the side of the support frame (1) near the support frame (3). Photovoltaic component (4), the side of which is rotatably connected to the inside of the support frame (3); The photovoltaic component (4) includes a photovoltaic module (41). The photovoltaic module (41) is covered with a copper indium gallium selenide thin-film photovoltaic cell. The photovoltaic cell adopts a hexagonal structure with a biomimetic honeycomb structure. The photovoltaic module (41) is fixedly connected to two sides near the middle of the support frame (1) with a first connecting frame (43). The photovoltaic module (41) is fixedly connected to a sensing module (42) in the middle. The photovoltaic module (41) is fixedly connected to a second connecting frame (44) on the side away from the first connecting frame (43). The other end of the second connecting frame (44) is rotatably connected to a connecting seat (45). The side of the connecting seat (45) away from the second connecting frame (44) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the support frame (1).

2. The integrated double-layer photovoltaic curtain wall combining power generation and shading as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting component (9) includes two mounting seats (91). The side of the mounting seat (91) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the support frame (1). An electric telescopic rod (92) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the mounting seat (91). A rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the output end of the electric telescopic rod (92), and the side of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the inner side of the connecting frame (43). A light-shielding mechanism (93) is rotatably connected to the side of the electric telescopic rod (92).

3. The integrated double-layer photovoltaic curtain wall combining power generation and shading as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The light-blocking mechanism (93) includes a light-transmitting sunshade roller (931), both ends of which are rotatably connected to the inner side of the support frame (1). A light-transmitting sunshade curtain (932) is fitted on the side of the light-transmitting sunshade roller (931). Both ends of the light-transmitting sunshade curtain (932) on the side away from the light-transmitting sunshade roller (931) are rotatably connected to a connecting rod (933) through a mounting block.

4. The integrated double-layer photovoltaic curtain wall combining power generation and shading as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The side of the connecting rod (933) away from the light-transmitting sunshade curtain (932) is slidably connected to the inner side of the support frame (1), and the other end of the connecting rod (933) is rotatably connected to the other side of the rotating shaft.

5. The integrated double-layer photovoltaic curtain wall combining power generation and shading as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The heat dissipation component (5) includes a heat dissipation shell (51). The front and back sides of the heat dissipation shell (51) are fixedly connected to the support frame (1) and the support frame (3) respectively. Heat dissipation plates (52) are fixedly connected to the upper and lower sides of the inner cavity of the heat dissipation shell (51). A heat dissipation mesh (54) is fixedly connected to the middle of the inner cavity of the heat dissipation shell (51). A driving component (55) is fixedly connected to the top of the heat dissipation mesh (54). The output end of the driving component (55) is fixedly connected to the top of the fan blade (53). The fan blade (53) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the heat dissipation mesh (54).

6. The integrated double-layer photovoltaic curtain wall combining power generation and shading as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The air guide component (6) includes an air guide shell (61), an air guide net (62) is fixedly connected to the top of the inner cavity of the air guide shell (61), a mesh plate (63) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the air guide net (62), a shielding frame (64) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the air guide shell (61), round holes (65) are evenly opened on the side of the shielding frame (64), and guide vanes (66) are rotatably connected to both sides of the inner cavity of the air guide shell (61).

7. A linked double-layer photovoltaic curtain wall integrating power generation and shading as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The front and back sides of the air guide shell (61) are fixedly connected to the support frame (1) and the support frame (3) respectively, and the side of the guide vane (66) is in contact with the inner side of the shield frame (64).

8. A linked double-layer photovoltaic curtain wall integrating power generation and shading as described in claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a control system for the photovoltaic curtain wall, the control system comprising: The sensing module (42) is the basic sensing unit of the system. Through the solar position sensor, light intensity sensor, ambient temperature sensor, and building energy consumption monitoring sensor, it collects four types of data in real time: solar trajectory, azimuth angle, elevation angle, outdoor direct light intensity, indoor and outdoor temperature difference, and real-time building power load, providing basic parameters of environment and energy consumption for subsequent decision-making. The control module is the key data support unit of the system. It collects four core data through total radiation meter, infrared sensor, illuminance meter and power meter: solar radiation intensity, indoor occupancy status, indoor illuminance value, photovoltaic power generation and building electricity consumption. These data are directly used to determine shading needs, occupant comfort and net energy demand. The interaction module is the human-computer interaction and instruction execution unit of the system. It includes three parts: local touch terminal, mobile terminal APP, and background linkage control module. On the one hand, it supports personnel to manually issue global, zone, and angle fine-tuning instructions for photovoltaic modules (41) to meet the vision requirements; on the other hand, it receives decision instructions in automatic mode as driving signals to ensure that multiple components act synchronously and at the same time, it provides feedback on the execution status. The machine learning module is the core unit of the system's intelligent decision-making. It covers five sub-units: data preprocessing, feature engineering, model training and optimization, online inference decision-making, and feedback iteration. It receives fused data from the sensing module (42) and the control module, identifies weather, personnel, and seasonal scenarios through a hybrid algorithm model, calculates the optimal rotation angle of the photovoltaic module (41), and achieves multi-objective optimization of power generation, shading, and comfort. At the same time, it continuously iterates the model accuracy through operational data feedback.

9. A linked double-layer photovoltaic curtain wall integrating power generation and shading as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The sensing module (42) and the control module collect data in parallel and upload them to the machine learning module in a unified manner. The former provides solar and climate environment data, and the latter provides radiation, personnel and energy data, which together constitute the input dataset for model decision-making. The machine learning module outputs the optimal angle command based on the input data and sends it to the background linkage control unit of the interaction module; the unit parses the command and drives the photovoltaic component (4) to rotate through the connecting component (9), and at the same time feeds back the execution status to the machine learning module for model deviation analysis; Manual commands from the interactive module have higher priority than automatic commands from the machine learning module. When a user initiates a manual operation, the system pauses automatic decision-making and executes the manual command. After the operation is completed, the user can choose to resume automatic mode, and the machine learning module will smoothly transition to intelligent adjustment based on the current component perspective.

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