A shield tunneling and muck removal whole-process electro-control model test system

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of shield tunnel construction and spoil improvement, and particularly relates to a whole-process electro-control model test system for shield tunneling and spoil removal, comprising: a shield cutterhead; a screw conveyor arranged at the rear end of the shield cutterhead, with the feeding end of the screw conveyor being in communication with the shield cutterhead; a spoil removal and storage mechanism arranged below the discharging end of the screw conveyor; a chemical control mechanism with the outlet end being in communication with the shield cutterhead and the screw conveyor, and the chemical control mechanism being used for providing a chemical modifier to the shield cutterhead and the screw conveyor; an electro-osmosis mechanism arranged on the shield cutterhead; and a data acquisition mechanism electrically connected with the screw conveyor, the spoil removal and storage mechanism and the chemical control mechanism. The present application realizes dynamic simulation of electro-chemical collaborative control by simulating actual construction conditions, and synchronously monitors and analyzes the relationship between the torque in front of the cutterhead, the pressure in the screw conveyor, the tunneling speed and the spoil removal amount.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of shield tunnel construction and spoil remediation technology, and particularly relates to an electronically controlled model test system for the entire process of shield tunneling and spoil transportation. Background Technology

[0002] Shield tunneling is widely used in underground engineering projects such as urban subways, highway tunnels, and integrated utility tunnels. However, when tunneling in cohesive strata, problems such as cutterhead mud cake formation, soil chamber blockage, and poor muck removal frequently occur, seriously affecting construction efficiency and safety. Currently, chemical modifiers such as foaming agents and anti-adhesion agents are mainly used in engineering to improve the soil and reduce adhesion by changing the plasticity of the soil. However, in practical applications, the effect of chemical modification is affected by factors such as stratum differences, modifier ratios, and injection processes, often resulting in uneven modification and short-lived effects, and the problem of cutterhead mud cake formation has not been fundamentally solved. Electro-osmosis technology, as a soil improvement method, has been applied in fields such as foundation reinforcement and drainage treatment. Its principle is to apply a DC electric field in the soil, causing pore water to migrate from the anode to the cathode under the action of the electric field, thereby forming a water film at the cutterhead-soil interface and reducing the adhesion force at the clay-cutterhead interface. As a new solution, electro-osmosis technology can be applied to tunnel boring machines (TBMs). By combining chemical modifiers to improve soil properties with electro-osmosis technology to reduce interfacial adhesion, the technology can reduce adhesion and desorption, thus ensuring safe and rapid TBM tunneling.

[0003] However, current research still has shortcomings. The application of electroosmosis technology in tunnel boring machine (TBM) engineering is still in the initial exploratory stage. The synergistic mechanism between electroosmosis and chemical modifiers, as well as its impact on the plasticity of excavated soil and TBM tunneling parameters, are not yet clear. Existing experimental devices mostly focus on verifying the effects of single chemical modifiers or electroosmosis technologies, making it difficult to achieve dynamic simulation and simultaneous monitoring of multiple parameters for the synergistic regulation of chemical modifiers and electroosmosis (chemical-electric). This fails to meet core research needs such as analyzing the time-varying characteristics of excavated soil plasticity under the synergistic effect of chemical-electricity, capturing the early signs of blockage, identifying key locations prone to blockage, and evaluating the synergistic modification effect.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design an electronically controlled model test system for the entire process of shield tunneling and spoil transportation to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a chemical-electric control model test system for the entire process of shield tunneling and muck transportation. By simulating actual construction conditions, it achieves dynamic simulation of chemical-electric synergistic control, synchronously monitors and analyzes the relationship between the torque in front of the cutterhead and the pressure inside the screw conveyor, the tunneling speed and the amount of muck discharged, explores the time-varying characteristics of the fluid plasticity of viscous muck and the laws of early signs of blockage, identifies key locations prone to blockage, systematically evaluates the effect of chemical-electric synergistic improvement, and proposes the optimal combination of chemical-electric synergy. This provides a solid theoretical basis and optimization direction for the muck improvement technology of shield tunneling in viscous strata, and promotes efficient and safe construction of tunnel engineering under complex geological conditions.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: a fully automated, electrically controlled model test system for shield tunneling and spoil removal, comprising: Shield cutterhead; A screw conveyor is installed at the rear end of the shield cutterhead, and the feeding end of the screw conveyor is connected to the shield cutterhead; The waste transfer and storage mechanism is located below the discharge end of the screw conveyor; The chemical control mechanism has its outlet end connected to the shield cutterhead and the screw conveyor. The chemical control mechanism is used to provide chemical modifiers to the shield cutterhead and the screw conveyor. An electroosmosis mechanism is installed on the shield cutterhead; The data acquisition mechanism is electrically connected to the screw conveyor, the slag transfer and storage mechanism, and the chemical control mechanism.

[0007] According to the present invention, a fully automated-electrically controlled model test system for shield tunneling and spoil transportation includes a chemical control mechanism comprising a modifier preparation unit and a pressurization unit. The outlets of the modifier preparation unit and the pressurization unit are connected to the inlet of a foaming gun. The outlet of the foaming gun is connected to one end of a main pipeline, and the other end of the main pipeline is connected to the shield cutterhead and the screw conveyor. A second flow meter, a regulating valve, and a pressure sensor are installed on the main pipeline. The second flow meter, the regulating valve, and the pressure sensor are electrically connected to the data acquisition mechanism.

[0008] According to the present invention, a fully automated-electrically controlled model test system for shield tunneling and spoil transportation includes an amendment preparation unit comprising a foaming agent storage tank, an anti-adhesion agent storage tank, and a water tank. The outlets of the foaming agent storage tank, the anti-adhesion agent storage tank, and the water tank are all connected to a static mixing tank. A metering pump is installed between the outlets of the foaming agent storage tank, the anti-adhesion agent storage tank, and the water tank and the static mixing tank. The metering pump is electrically connected to the data acquisition mechanism. A spiral mixing blade is rotatably installed inside the static mixing tank. The outlet of the static mixing tank is connected to the inlet of a foaming agent solution pump, and the outlet of the foaming agent solution pump is connected to the inlet of a foaming gun.

[0009] According to the present invention, a fully automated electrically controlled model test system for shield tunneling and spoil transportation is provided. The pressurization unit includes an air source, the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of a pressure-resistant box, the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of a foaming gun, and a first flow meter is provided between the pressure-resistant box and the foaming gun. The first flow meter is electrically connected to the data acquisition mechanism.

[0010] According to the present invention, a fully automated-electrically controlled model test system for shield tunneling and spoil transportation is provided. The front end of the shield cutterhead is provided with multiple first chemical modifier injection holes, multiple first anode placement points, and multiple first cathode placement points. The rear end of the shield cutterhead is provided with a soil chamber body. The feeding end of the screw conveyor is connected to the soil chamber body. The soil chamber body is provided with second chemical modifier injection holes, which are connected to the chemical control mechanism. A first earth pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a moisture content detection probe, and a rheological sensor are provided inside the soil chamber body. The first earth pressure sensor, temperature sensor, moisture content detection probe, and rheological sensor are electrically connected to the data acquisition mechanism.

[0011] According to the present invention, a fully automated-electrically controlled model test system for shield tunneling and muck transportation is provided. The screw conveyor is equipped with a second earth pressure sensor and a third chemical modifier injection hole at its loading end, middle section, and unloading end. The third chemical modifier injection hole is connected to the chemical control mechanism. A flow rate sensor is provided at the middle section and unloading end of the screw conveyor. A second anode placement point is provided on the outer wall of the screw conveyor, and a second cathode placement point is provided on the auger of the screw conveyor. A slag discharge valve is provided at the unloading end of the screw conveyor. The second earth pressure sensor and the flow rate sensor are electrically connected to the data acquisition mechanism.

[0012] According to the present invention, a fully automated-electrically controlled model test system for shield tunneling and spoil transportation is provided. The spoil transfer and storage mechanism includes a conveyor belt. The feeding end of the conveyor belt is located below the discharging end of the screw conveyor. A weighing device is provided at the discharging end of the conveyor belt. The weighing device is electrically connected to the data acquisition mechanism.

[0013] According to the present invention, a fully automated-electrically controlled model test system for shield tunneling and spoil transportation is provided, wherein both the foaming agent storage tank and the anti-adhesion agent storage tank are equipped with liquid level sensors, the liquid level sensors are electrically connected to the data acquisition mechanism, and both the foaming agent storage tank and the anti-adhesion agent storage tank are equipped with safety pressure relief valves at their outlets.

[0014] The present invention provides a fully automated, electrically controlled model test system for shield tunneling and spoil transportation, wherein the data acquisition mechanism includes a control module.

[0015] According to the present invention, a fully automated-electrically controlled model test system for shield tunneling and spoil transportation is provided, wherein a torque sensor is installed on the shield cutterhead and the torque sensor is electrically connected to the control module.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects: 1. This invention integrates chemical modification and electroosmosis technology. The chemical modifier improves the overall properties of the slag and soil, while the electroosmosis technology forms a water film at key interfaces, which can achieve chemical-electric synergistic viscosity reduction, providing a new method and means to solve the problems of cutterhead clogging and transport blockage.

[0017] 2. This invention achieves full-process coverage, with the system covering the entire process of excavation and transportation of excavated soil from the cutterhead and soil bin to the screw conveyor. Corresponding improvement methods are arranged at each link to achieve full-process control of the risk of adhesion and blockage.

[0018] 3. This invention has intelligent dynamic control capabilities. Based on real-time perception of multi-source information, the system can dynamically adjust according to different geological conditions, tunneling parameters and soil conditions. It has strong engineering adaptability, reasonable structure, flexible electrode layout, and adaptability to different geological formations and cutterhead structures. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the shield cutterhead with different aperture ratios according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the first chemical modifier injection hole, the first anode placement point, and the first cathode placement point on the shield cutterhead of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the replacement position of the shield cutterhead and the meshing gears of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the screw conveyor of the present invention.

[0021] The components include: 1. Shield cutterhead; 2. First chemical modifier injection hole; 3. First anode placement point; 4. First cathode placement point; 5. Torque sensor; 6. Changing position; 7. Meshing gear; 8. Dynamic slip ring; 9. Static slip ring; 10. Soil chamber body; 11. First earth pressure sensor; 12. Temperature sensor; 13. Moisture content detection probe; 14. Rheological sensor; 15. Second chemical modifier injection hole; 16. Screw conveyor; 17. Second earth pressure sensor; 18. Flow velocity sensor; 19. Third chemical modifier injection hole; 20. Second... 21. Anode placement point; 22. Second cathode placement point; 23. Slag discharge valve; 24. Conveyor belt; 25. Weighing device; 26. Foaming agent storage tank; 27. Anti-adhesion agent storage tank; 28. Liquid level sensor; 29. ​​Safety pressure relief valve; 30. Water tank; 31. Static mixing tank; 32. Metering pump; 33. Spiral mixing blade; 34. Foaming agent solution pump; 35. Gas source; 36. Pressure tank; 37. First flow meter; 38. Foaming gun; 39. Second flow meter; 40. Regulating valve; 41. Pressure sensor; 42. Main pipeline; 43. Control module. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0024] Reference Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this invention provides a fully automated, electrically controlled model test system for the entire process of shield tunneling and spoil removal, comprising: Shield cutterhead 1; Shield cutterhead 1 adopts a simulation design that is scaled down to the actual shield cutterhead of the project. It has a diameter of 0.5m and is replaceable. The opening ratio is 20%-60%, which simulates the real tunneling conditions and ensures the consistency of the cutting and disturbance process of the excavated soil with the actual project.

[0025] The screw conveyor 16 is located at the rear end of the shield cutterhead 1, and the feeding end of the screw conveyor 16 is connected to the shield cutterhead 1. The screw conveyor 16 adopts a segmented and detachable structure design. Its cylinder and screw blades are made of wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials. It can flexibly replace the screw tube with different inner diameter and outer diameter specifications of the shell and blades according to the actual particle size distribution characteristics of the stratum soil used in the test. This makes the structural parameters of the screw conveyor 16 accurately match the stratum conditions and improves the system's adaptability to different geological conditions.

[0026] The slag transfer and storage mechanism is located below the discharge end of the screw conveyor 16; The chemical control mechanism is connected at its outlet end to the shield cutterhead 1 and the screw conveyor 16. The chemical control mechanism is used to provide chemical modifiers to the shield cutterhead 1 and the screw conveyor 16. An electro-osmosis mechanism is installed on the cutterhead 1 of the tunnel boring machine; The data acquisition mechanism is electrically connected to the screw conveyor 16, the slag transfer and storage mechanism, and the chemical control mechanism.

[0027] Replace the cutterhead 1 at 6 different locations on the tunnel boring machine.

[0028] Furthermore, the chemical control mechanism includes a modifier preparation section and a pressurization section. The outlet of the modifier preparation section and the outlet of the pressurization section are both connected to the inlet of the foaming gun 37. The outlet of the foaming gun 37 is connected to one end of the main pipe 41. The other end of the main pipe 41 is connected to the shield cutterhead 1 and the screw conveyor 16. The main pipe 41 is equipped with a second flow meter 38, a regulating valve 39, and a pressure sensor 40. The second flow meter 38, the regulating valve 39, and the pressure sensor 40 are electrically connected to the data acquisition mechanism.

[0029] Furthermore, the modifier preparation unit includes a foaming agent storage tank 25, an anti-adhesion agent storage tank 26, and a water tank 29. The outlets of the foaming agent storage tank 25, the anti-adhesion agent storage tank 26, and the water tank 29 are all connected to a static mixing tank 30. A metering pump 31 is installed between the outlets of the foaming agent storage tank 25, the anti-adhesion agent storage tank 26, and the water tank 29 and the static mixing tank 30. The metering pump 31 is electrically connected to a data acquisition mechanism. A spiral mixing blade 32 is rotatably installed inside the static mixing tank 30. The outlet of the static mixing tank 30 is connected to the inlet of a foaming agent solution pump 33. The outlet of the foaming agent solution pump 33 is connected to the inlet of a foaming gun 37.

[0030] Furthermore, the pressurization unit includes an air source 34, the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of a pressure-resistant box 35, the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of a foaming gun 37, and a first flow meter 36 is provided between the pressure-resistant box 35 and the foaming gun 37. The first flow meter 36 is electrically connected to a data acquisition mechanism.

[0031] Furthermore, the front end of the shield cutterhead 1 is provided with multiple first chemical modifier injection holes 2, multiple first anode placement points 3, and multiple first cathode placement points 4. The rear end of the shield cutterhead 1 is provided with a soil chamber body 10. The feeding end of the screw conveyor 16 is connected to the soil chamber body 10. The soil chamber body 10 is provided with a second chemical modifier injection hole 15, which is connected to the other end of the main pipeline 41. The soil chamber body 10 is provided with a first earth pressure sensor 11, a temperature sensor 12, a moisture content detection probe 13, and a rheological sensor 14. The first earth pressure sensor 11, temperature sensor 12, moisture content detection probe 13, and rheological sensor 14 are electrically connected to the data acquisition mechanism.

[0032] The first chemical modifier injection hole 2 adopts a unidirectional nozzle design, with multiple evenly distributed on the panel of the shield cutterhead 1. It penetrates the cutterhead panel and is connected to the modifier delivery pipeline inside the cutterhead. According to the test requirements, the chemical modifier is precisely and quantitatively injected into the tunneling area in front of the cutterhead to reduce the wear of the cutter and the cutterhead, and to realize the real-time control of the chemical modification of the slag.

[0033] The earth storage chamber 10 is made of high-strength transparent material or metal material. Its volume and structural dimensions are adapted to the overall proportion of the model test system, which facilitates the observation of the accumulation, flow and evolution of the slag in the chamber.

[0034] The first earth pressure sensor 11 is installed at key locations on the front wall, side wall and bottom of the earth chamber body 10 according to the principle of three-dimensional spatial distribution. It can collect the data of soil pressure distribution in different areas of the earth chamber in real time and accurately reflect the dynamic change law of earth chamber pressure with the tunneling process.

[0035] Temperature sensor 12 and moisture content detection probe 13 are both installed inside the soil chamber to capture the temperature evolution data of the slag soil under the action of thermo-mechanical coupling in real time and accurately measure the real-time moisture content change of the slag soil.

[0036] The rheological sensor 14 adopts a multi-parameter integrated design, which can detect the viscosity and yield stress of the slag and determine whether the flow velocity of the slag meets the transportation requirements.

[0037] The second chemical modifier injection hole 15 adopts a unidirectional nozzle design and is evenly distributed on the soil chamber wall at a preset interval. It is connected to the chemical control mechanism, and each injection hole is equipped with an independent flow control valve. Based on the real-time data fed back by the slag sensing sensor and the moisture content detection probe 13, the amount and rate of modifier injection can be precisely adjusted to ensure that the slag always maintains an excellent state suitable for tunneling and transportation.

[0038] The first anode placement point 3 consists of four retractable metal rods, slightly higher than the cutterhead 1, symmetrically and evenly distributed on the outer ring of the shield cutterhead 1. These rods extend when the electroosmosis system is started and stopped, and retract when operation resumes. The placement method can be flexibly selected from one or more combinations of centrally symmetrical, radial, and axially symmetrical arrangements. The placement points are connected to an external power supply and control system via wires. When the electroosmosis system is started and the metal rods extend, a uniform and stable electric field is formed, causing ions in the clay to carry water molecules from the anode to the cathode. This increases the thickness of the water film between the clay and metal interfaces and reduces the adhesion between them.

[0039] Furthermore, the screw conveyor 16 is equipped with a second earth pressure sensor 17 and a third chemical modifier injection hole 19 at the feeding end, middle section, and discharging end. The third chemical modifier injection hole 19 is connected to the other end of the main pipeline 41. The screw conveyor 16 is equipped with a flow rate sensor 18 at the middle section and discharging end. The screw conveyor 16 is equipped with a second anode placement point 20 on the outer wall of the screw conveyor 16. The screw conveyor 16 is equipped with a second cathode placement point 21 on the auger. The screw conveyor 16 is equipped with a slag discharge valve 22 at the discharging end. The second earth pressure sensor 17 and the flow rate sensor 18 are electrically connected to the data acquisition mechanism.

[0040] The second earth pressure sensor 17 and the flow velocity sensor 18 are evenly arranged in the cylinder of the screw conveyor 16 at an axial spacing. The second earth pressure sensor 17 is used to collect the slag pressure data of different sections in the cylinder in real time. The flow velocity sensor 18 adopts the non-contact detection principle to accurately monitor the slag transport speed and flow rate changes.

[0041] The third chemical modifier injection hole 19 adopts a one-way nozzle design and is set on the inner wall of the cylinder of the screw conveyor 16. The third chemical modifier injection hole 19 is connected to the chemical control mechanism and is equipped with a flow regulating valve. Based on the slag state data fed back by the sensor inside the cylinder, the modifier can be injected into the slag discharge port area to improve the conveyability of the slag, ensure the smooth discharge of the slag, and prevent the slag from gushing out of the screw conveyor outlet.

[0042] Electrode placement points are located on the inner wall of the screw conveyor's cylinder 16 and the surface of the screw blades. Multiple sets of electrode placement points are set according to the polarity principle of "inner cathode, outer anode," meaning the inner electrode (cathode) is located on the inner screw shaft and blades, while the outer electrode (anode) is located on the outer cylinder. Two metal rings are arranged along the cylinder's axial direction, and insulation structures are installed between the metal rings and the outer cylinder, as well as between the two metal rings. The electrodes are connected to the external power supply control system via sealed wires. The connections between the sealed wires and the cylinder and metal rings also require insulation to prevent short circuits and leakage, ensuring the formation of a directional electric field within the slag transport channel. This field works synergistically with the chemical modifier to reduce slag viscosity and desorb it, ensuring the slag maintains excellent fluidity throughout the transport process.

[0043] Furthermore, the slag transfer and storage mechanism includes a conveyor belt 23, the feeding end of which is located below the discharging end of the screw conveyor 16, and a weighing device 24 is provided at the discharging end of the conveyor belt 23, which is electrically connected to the data acquisition mechanism.

[0044] The conveyor belt 23 and the weighing device 24 are located behind the screw conveyor 16. They transport the shield tunnel excavation soil in a timely manner, monitor the amount of soil discharged in real time, and provide data feedback to ensure earth pressure balance. They are auxiliary systems for monitoring the amount of shield tunnel excavation soil discharged and for closed-loop control of chemical and electrical synergistic parameters.

[0045] Furthermore, both the foaming agent storage tank 25 and the anti-adhesion agent storage tank 26 are equipped with a liquid level sensor 27, which is electrically connected to the data acquisition mechanism. Both the foaming agent storage tank 25 and the anti-adhesion agent storage tank 26 are equipped with a safety pressure relief valve 28 at their outlets.

[0046] Furthermore, the data acquisition mechanism includes a control module 42.

[0047] Furthermore, a torque sensor 5 is installed on the shield cutterhead 1, and the torque sensor 5 is electrically connected to the control module 42.

[0048] Torque sensor 5 is located between the shield cutterhead 1 and the drive motor. It can collect torque change data in real time during the cutterhead excavation process, providing key data support for analyzing the stress state of the cutterhead, the shear resistance characteristics of the excavated soil, and evaluating the improvement effect. The drive motor provides power output for the cutterhead excavation, and its speed and output power can be adjusted by an external control system to simulate the test requirements under different excavation speed conditions.

[0049] The meshing gear 7 drives the driven gear to rotate by rotating the driving wheel, and the main shaft is offset from the center position to adapt to the working conditions of different cutterheads, providing ample space for the slag transport module.

[0050] The slip ring includes a moving slip ring 8 and a stationary slip ring 9. It is the core transmission component connecting the rotating cutterhead assembly and the fixed shield system. It is installed on the drive end bearing seat of the cutterhead spindle and the shield body connection section. It is used to connect the modifier pipeline and the cutterhead to prevent the pipeline from breaking during cutterhead excavation and to solve the problem of transmitting fluid media, electricity and signals in the rotating state.

[0051] In actual tunneling, the system works as follows: Example 1: No Improvement Scheme The shield cutterhead 1 has an opening ratio of 40%, and the electrode arrangement is centrally symmetrical, for example: The experiment first completed the parameter setting, that is, according to the tunneling requirements of cohesive strata and the performance of the equipment, the initial mechanical parameters of cutterhead speed, propulsion speed and screw conveyor speed were calibrated, the dynamic torque sensor was debugged and the monitoring thresholds of cutterhead torque 1000 N·m and screw conveyor torque 300 N·m were set, and the monitoring benchmarks of propulsion force, earth pressure and soil discharge volume and the control logic when each parameter is abnormal were preset to ensure that the intelligent control module can respond quickly; After the parameters are verified to be correct, the tunneling is started. The intelligent control module starts the mechanical control scheme based on the pre-entered cohesive stratum mechanical parameters and the initial parameters of the shield machine. Starting with the tunneling control, the cutterhead, propulsion mechanism and screw conveyor are started to tunnel at a constant speed according to the initial parameters. The plastic flow state of the excavated soil is judged by the feedback of cutterhead torque and thrust and the speed is adjusted. After the excavated soil state is normal, the earth pressure setting stage is entered. The earth pressure in the excavation chamber is monitored in real time and the earth pressure is stabilized by adjusting the speed of the screw conveyor. Then the cutterhead torque and thrust are verified in sequence. After the parameters meet the standards, the soil discharge volume is monitored. After the soil discharge volume is stable and meets the theoretical value, the next tunneling cycle is entered. The entire process is continuous and stable and the parameters are recorded synchronously. The improved start-up criteria for excessive torque and thrust are clearly defined: when the cutterhead torque is greater than 1000 N·m and continuously approaches the maximum limit of 1280 N·m, and the thrust exceeds the preset upper limit, the tunneling speed is reduced to alleviate adhesion and improve the fluidity of the excavated soil. If the excavated soil is too soft, the thrust speed is appropriately reduced and the soil discharge rhythm of the screw conveyor is slowed down to avoid soil collapse. After the soil condition returns to normal, the soil pressure setting stage is entered. Then, the soil pressure in the excavation chamber is monitored in real time. When the soil pressure is too high, the speed of the screw conveyor is increased to speed up soil discharge. When the soil pressure is too low, the speed is reduced to reduce soil discharge. The tunneling speed is determined after the soil pressure stabilizes in a reasonable range. The test records the changes in parameters after adjustment and the differences in parameters before and after improvement when the torque and thrust are abnormal. When the tunnel boring machine reaches the preset mileage or number of cycles and all parameters remain stable for more than 30 minutes without any abnormalities, the test ends. First, a stop command is issued through the intelligent control module, and all kinds of mechanisms, motors and monitoring instruments are shut down in sequence. Then, the initial parameters, real-time parameters, abnormal parameters and adjusted parameters of the whole test are exported and classified through the data acquisition module. Finally, the test system and instruments are thoroughly cleaned, focusing on removing residual sticky soil, checking the status of sensors and equipment, cleaning up the test site, and completing the entire test process.

[0052] Example 2: Chemical Improvement Scheme Based on Example 1, after the tunnel boring machine (TBM) begins excavation, the basic chemical modification scheme is simultaneously initiated. Since the cutterhead, soil chamber, and screw conveyor are all equipped with chemical modifier injection holes, the intelligent control module synchronously sets the parameters for the soil modifier injection (injection volume, injection pressure, injection rate, and distribution ratio of each injection hole), and then determines the plastic flow state of the soil. During tunneling, when the torque and thrust are detected to be too high and reach the improvement start-up standard, i.e. the cutterhead torque is greater than 1000 N·m and continues to approach the maximum limit of 1280 N·m, and the thrust exceeds the preset upper limit, the total amount of improver injected is increased. At the same time, the injection ratio of the cutterhead and soil chamber injection holes is finely adjusted to enhance the soil coating and lubrication and achieve drag reduction. If the soil is too soft, the amount of improver injected is reduced, and the injection intensity of the screw conveyor injection hole is appropriately reduced to avoid soil instability and collapse. After the soil condition is normal, the chemical improvement effect is verified. If the effect does not meet the standard, the process is returned to change the improver injection parameter setting value and the distribution ratio of each injection hole. After the effect meets the standard, the soil pressure setting stage is entered.

[0053] The tunnel boring process under the action of chemical modifiers is the same as in Example 1, except for the addition of chemical modification schemes.

[0054] Example 3: Improved Electroosmosis Scheme Based on Example 1, after the tunnel boring machine begins excavation, the basic electroosmosis control scheme is activated. Since electrodes are installed in both the cutterhead and the screw conveyor, the intelligent control module simultaneously sets the electroosmosis parameters (voltage and current) and determines the plastic flow state of the excavated soil. During tunneling, when the torque and thrust are detected to be too high and reach the electro-osmosis control start-up standard, i.e., the cutterhead torque is greater than 1000 N·m and continues to approach the maximum limit of 1280 N·m, and the thrust exceeds the preset upper limit, the machine is immediately stopped, the electro-osmosis system is started to control, the electro-osmosis voltage is appropriately increased, and the dewatering and drag reduction of the excavated soil and the fluidity are enhanced by the synergistic effect of the electrodes in the cutterhead and the screw conveyor. If the excavated soil is too soft, the electro-osmosis power is reduced to avoid excessive dewatering and instability of the excavated soil. After the excavated soil condition is normal, the electro-osmosis improvement effect is verified. If the effect does not meet the standard, the electro-osmosis parameter setting value is changed. After the effect meets the standard, the soil pressure setting stage is entered.

[0055] The shield tunneling process under electroosmosis is the same as in Example 1, except for the addition of an electroosmosis scheme.

[0056] Example 4: Chemical-Electrical Synergistic Scheme Based on Example 1, after the tunnel boring machine (TBM) begins excavation, the chemical-electric synergistic scheme is activated. Since the cutterhead, soil chamber, and screw conveyor are all equipped with chemical modifier injection holes, and electrodes are simultaneously installed in the cutterhead and screw conveyor, the intelligent control module synchronously sets the soil modifier injection parameters (injection volume, injection pressure, injection rate, and distribution ratio of each injection hole) and electroosmosis parameters (voltage, current), and determines the plastic flow state of the soil. During tunneling, when the cutterhead torque exceeds 1000 N·m and continuously approaches the maximum limit of 1280 N·m, and the propulsion force exceeds the preset upper limit, the tunneling equipment is kept running at a low speed. Simultaneously, the total amount of amendment injected is increased, and the injection ratio of the cutterhead and soil chamber injection holes is finely adjusted to enhance lubrication. At the same time, the machine is stopped and the electro-osmosis system is activated for regulation. The electro-osmosis voltage is appropriately increased, and the dehydration and drag reduction are enhanced through the synergistic action of the cutterhead and screw conveyor electrodes, which improves the fluidity of the excavated soil. If the excavated soil is too soft, the amount of amendment injected is reduced, the injection intensity of the screw conveyor injection holes is reduced, and the electro-osmosis power is lowered to avoid excessive dehydration that could lead to soil instability and collapse. After the excavated soil condition is normal, the chemical-electro-synergistic improvement effect is verified. If the effect is not up to standard, the process is returned to change the amendment injection parameters, the distribution ratio of each injection hole, and the electro-osmosis parameter settings. After the effect is up to standard, the soil pressure setting stage is entered.

[0057] The shield tunneling process under the chemical-electric synergy is the same as in Example 1, except for the addition of the chemical-electric synergy scheme.

[0058] Example 5: The cutterhead for shield tunneling can be replaced with different opening ratios, and the chemical modifier injection holes and electrode placement points of the cutterhead can be arranged in one or more combinations of centrally symmetrical, radial, or axisymmetric arrangements.

[0059] The tunnel boring process is the same as in Examples 1, 2, 3, and 4.

[0060] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0061] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0062] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fully automated, electrically controlled model test system for shield tunneling and spoil removal, characterized in that, include: Shield cutterhead (1); A screw conveyor (16) is installed at the rear end of the shield cutterhead (1), and the feeding end of the screw conveyor (16) is connected to the shield cutterhead (1); The slag transfer and storage mechanism is located below the discharge end of the screw conveyor (16); The chemical control mechanism is connected at its outlet end to the shield cutterhead (1) and the screw conveyor (16). The chemical control mechanism is used to provide chemical modifiers to the shield cutterhead (1) and the screw conveyor (16). An electroosmosis mechanism is installed on the shield cutterhead (1); The data acquisition mechanism is electrically connected to the screw conveyor (16), the slag transfer and storage mechanism, and the chemical control mechanism.

2. The fully automated-electric control model test system for shield tunneling and spoil removal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chemical control mechanism includes a modifier preparation section and a pressurization section. The outlet of the modifier preparation section and the outlet of the pressurization section are connected to the inlet of the foam gun (37). The outlet of the foam gun (37) is connected to one end of a main pipe (41). The other end of the main pipe (41) is connected to the shield cutterhead (1) and the screw conveyor (16). A second flow meter (38), a regulating valve (39), and a pressure sensor (40) are installed on the main pipe (41). The second flow meter (38), the regulating valve (39), and the pressure sensor (40) are electrically connected to the data acquisition mechanism.

3. The fully automated-electric control model test system for shield tunneling and spoil removal according to claim 2, characterized in that, The modifier preparation unit includes a foaming agent storage tank (25), an anti-adhesion agent storage tank (26), and a water tank (29). The outlets of the foaming agent storage tank (25), the anti-adhesion agent storage tank (26), and the water tank (29) are connected to a static mixing tank (30). A metering pump (31) is provided between the outlets of the foaming agent storage tank (25), the anti-adhesion agent storage tank (26), and the water tank (29) and the static mixing tank (30). The metering pump (31) is electrically connected to the data acquisition mechanism. A spiral mixing blade (32) is rotatably arranged inside the static mixing tank (30). The outlet of the static mixing tank (30) is connected to the inlet of a foaming agent solution pump (33). The outlet of the foaming agent solution pump (33) is connected to the inlet of the foaming gun (37).

4. The fully automated-electric control model test system for shield tunneling and spoil removal according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pressurization unit includes an air source (34), the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of a pressure-resistant box (35), the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of a foam gun (37), and a first flow meter (36) is provided between the pressure-resistant box (35) and the foam gun (37), and the first flow meter (36) is electrically connected to the data acquisition mechanism.

5. The fully automated-electric control model test system for shield tunneling and spoil removal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front end of the shield cutterhead (1) is provided with multiple first chemical modifier injection holes (2), multiple first anode placement points (3), and multiple first cathode placement points (4). The rear end of the shield cutterhead (1) is provided with a soil chamber body (10). The feeding end of the screw conveyor (16) is connected to the soil chamber body (10). The soil chamber body (10) is provided with a second chemical modifier injection hole (15). The second chemical modifier injection hole (15) is connected to the chemical control mechanism. The soil chamber body (10) is provided with a first earth pressure sensor (11), a temperature sensor (12), a moisture content detection probe (13), and a rheometer (14). The first earth pressure sensor (11), the temperature sensor (12), the moisture content detection probe (13), and the rheometer (14) are electrically connected to the data acquisition mechanism.

6. The fully automated-electric control model test system for shield tunneling and spoil removal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The screw conveyor (16) is equipped with a second earth pressure sensor (17) and a third chemical modifier injection hole (19) at the feeding end, middle part and discharging end. The third chemical modifier injection hole (19) is connected to the chemical control mechanism. The screw conveyor (16) is equipped with a flow rate sensor (18) at the middle part and discharging end. The screw conveyor (16) is equipped with a second anode placement point (20) on the outer wall of the screw conveyor (16). The screw conveyor (16) is equipped with a second cathode placement point (21) on the auger. The screw conveyor (16) is equipped with a slag discharge valve (22) at the discharging end. The second earth pressure sensor (17) and the flow rate sensor (18) are electrically connected to the data acquisition mechanism.

7. The fully automated-electric control model test system for shield tunneling and spoil removal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slag transfer and storage mechanism includes a conveyor belt (23), the feeding end of the conveyor belt (23) is located below the discharging end of the screw conveyor (16), and the discharging end of the conveyor belt (23) is equipped with a weighing device (24), which is electrically connected to the data acquisition mechanism.

8. The fully automated-electric control model test system for shield tunneling and spoil removal according to claim 3, characterized in that, Both the foaming agent storage tank (25) and the anti-adhesion agent storage tank (26) are equipped with a liquid level sensor (27), which is electrically connected to the data acquisition mechanism. Both the foaming agent storage tank (25) and the anti-adhesion agent storage tank (26) are equipped with a safety pressure relief valve (28).

9. The fully automated-electric control model test system for shield tunneling and spoil removal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data acquisition mechanism includes a control module (42).

10. The fully automated-electric control model test system for shield tunneling and spoil removal according to claim 9, characterized in that, A torque sensor (5) is provided on the shield cutterhead (1), and the torque sensor (5) is electrically connected to the control module (42).

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