A water-gas interface carbon dioxide in-situ profile monitoring system

Abstract

The application discloses a water-gas interface carbon dioxide in-situ profile monitoring system, comprising a vertical motion execution module, a multi-parameter sensing module, a central control module and a data processing module. The platform carrying the multi-parameter sensing module is driven by the vertical motion execution module to perform vertical reciprocating motion in the water body, and the multi-parameter synchronous measurement is triggered by the synchronous acquisition unit in the central control module; the data processing module utilizes the atmospheric pressure reference value obtained in real time on the water surface to perform zero return calibration on the depth pressure data, obtains an accurate water depth sequence, and finally fuses the carbon dioxide partial pressure data measured synchronously to generate a high-resolution carbon dioxide partial pressure vertical profile. The application overcomes the defects of the traditional fixed depth monitor, such as the inability to obtain a vertical gradient and a large flux estimation error, and realizes accurate, continuous and in-situ profile monitoring of the water-gas interface carbon exchange process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of marine environmental monitoring technology, and in particular to an in-situ carbon dioxide profile monitoring system at the water-air interface. Background Technology

[0002] The distribution characteristics of carbon dioxide in water bodies and its exchange processes at the water-air interface are crucial fundamental parameters for aquatic environmental science, carbon cycle research, and related engineering applications. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in water bodies varies significantly with water depth, time, and environmental conditions, especially near the water-air interface, where a significant vertical gradient exists. Therefore, refined and profiling in-situ monitoring of carbon dioxide partial pressure in water bodies is of great importance for accurately characterizing the carbon flux in water bodies.

[0003] In actual monitoring, obtaining information on the vertical distribution of carbon dioxide partial pressure in water typically requires deploying sensors at different water depths and using pressure or depth parameters for spatial positioning. However, due to the influence of factors such as waves, tides, and air pressure changes on the water surface, the depth reference benchmark is prone to drift, thus affecting the spatial accuracy of the profile data. Furthermore, during vertical motion sampling, a lack of strict time synchronization between different physical parameters can easily lead to misalignment between depth information and carbon dioxide partial pressure data, thereby reducing the reliability and repeatability of the profile results.

[0004] Furthermore, in dynamic profile monitoring scenarios, monitoring equipment needs to undergo controlled vertical movement within the water body and continuously collect various environmental parameters during this movement. This places high demands on the precision of motion control, the synchronization of data acquisition, and real-time data processing capabilities. Without a unified control and data management mechanism, problems such as uncontrollable motion trajectories, inconsistent data timestamps, or complex post-processing can easily arise, hindering the generation of high-precision, directly usable vertical profile data of carbon dioxide partial pressure.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a system that can achieve in-situ vertical profile monitoring at the water-air interface and in the water body below it. This system should have controlled vertical movement capability, multi-parameter synchronous acquisition capability, and the ability to effectively correct depth parameters based on water surface reference conditions, so as to achieve a precise correspondence between water carbon dioxide partial pressure data and actual water depth, thereby improving the accuracy and practicality of profile monitoring results. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide an in-situ carbon dioxide profile monitoring system at the water-air interface, which enables high-precision in-situ vertical profile monitoring of carbon dioxide concentration at the water-air interface.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an in-situ carbon dioxide profile monitoring system at the water-air interface, comprising: include: Vertical motion execution module, used to perform controlled vertical reciprocating motion in water; A multi-parameter sensing module, mounted on the vertical motion execution module, is used to simultaneously measure raw physical signals, including at least water carbon dioxide partial pressure data and depth pressure parameters, during the motion process. The central control module is connected to the vertical motion execution module and the multi-parameter sensing module, and includes: The motion control unit is used to generate and send motion commands to the vertical motion execution module to drive it to perform vertical profile motion according to a preset trajectory. The synchronous acquisition unit is used to send a synchronous trigger signal to the multi-parameter sensing module during the vertical profile movement, and to receive the original physical signal, and to add a unified timestamp to the data points of all parameters to form the original time series data. A data processing module, connected to the central control module, includes: The depth correction unit is used to obtain the real-time atmospheric pressure reference value measured when the vertical motion execution module is located on the water surface, and to perform real-time zero calibration on the depth pressure parameters in the original time series data based on this reference value to generate an accurate water depth sequence. The profile generation unit, connected to the depth correction unit, is used to spatially align and fuse the precise water depth sequence with the water carbon dioxide partial pressure data at the same timestamp, generating a vertical profile of carbon dioxide partial pressure with water depth as the vertical axis.

[0008] Furthermore, the multi-parameter sensing module includes: The physicochemical parameter sensing unit includes at least an optical infrared sensor for measuring the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the water, a pressure sensor for measuring the depth pressure parameter and atmospheric pressure parameter, and a water temperature sensor and a conductivity sensor for measuring the basic physicochemical properties of the water. The bio-optical parameter sensing unit includes at least a chlorophyll fluorescence sensor for indicating phytoplankton biomass in the water body; The data collected by the physical and chemical parameter sensing unit and the bio-optical parameter sensing unit are used as the original physical signal; The physical and chemical parameter sensing unit and the biological optical parameter sensing unit are configured by the synchronous acquisition unit to respond to the same synchronous trigger signal, thereby realizing the synchronous process analysis of the contribution of photosynthesis and respiration to carbon flux.

[0009] Furthermore, the multi-parameter sensing module also includes: The in-situ calibration unit is connected to the air intake path of the optical infrared sensor in the physical and chemical parameter sensing unit. It is used to introduce standard carbon dioxide gas into the optical infrared sensor for real-time calibration when the vertical motion execution module is located on the water surface. The data synchronization and quality control unit, connected to the physicochemical parameter sensing unit and the bio-optical parameter sensing unit, is used for: After analog-to-digital conversion, a uniform timestamp generated by the same high-precision clock source is injected into the raw physical signals from all sensors. The stability of each sensor signal is monitored in real time. When the fluctuation amplitude of any signal exceeds its corresponding steady-state noise threshold, the data in that time period is marked as data to be verified.

[0010] Furthermore, the vertical motion execution module includes: A buoyancy adjustment mechanism is used to provide adjustable net buoyancy by changing its overall displacement volume; A drive control mechanism is connected to and controls the buoyancy adjustment mechanism. It is used to receive motion commands from the central control module and adjust the buoyancy adjustment mechanism through a closed-loop control algorithm so that the vertical motion speed of the module is stabilized within a preset speed threshold range. An attitude sensing and stabilization mechanism, connected to the drive control mechanism, is used to monitor and obtain the real-time attitude angle. The drive control mechanism is used to acquire the real-time attitude angle, and when the real-time attitude angle deviates from the preset attitude angle threshold, control the attitude sensing and stabilization mechanism to work, correct the real-time attitude angle and maintain it within the preset attitude angle threshold range.

[0011] Furthermore, the buoyancy adjustment mechanism includes a pressure-resistant shell, a variable volume cavity disposed within the pressure-resistant shell, and an electric water pump and an air pump respectively connected to the variable volume cavity; The drive control mechanism controls the electric water pump to inject water into the variable volume cavity to increase negative buoyancy, or controls the air pump to discharge water from the variable volume cavity to increase positive buoyancy, thereby achieving continuous and active adjustment of net buoyancy.

[0012] Furthermore, the synchronous acquisition unit includes: The signal scheduling subunit is used to generate and send the synchronization trigger signal to each sensor in the multi-parameter sensing module according to the progress of the vertical profile movement, and to receive the returned original physical signal. The clock synchronization subunit is used to receive or generate and distribute a unified time reference signal; The data preprocessing and buffering subunit, connected to the signal scheduling subunit and the clock synchronization subunit respectively, is used for: Receive the original physical signal; Based on the time reference signal, a timestamp is marked for each frame of the original physical signal, wherein the time interval between adjacent timestamps is determined by a preset acquisition frequency threshold; Then, the original physical signal after the timestamp is marked is initially verified. When the signal quality index is lower than the preset signal-to-noise ratio threshold, the corresponding data frame is marked as an invalid frame.

[0013] Furthermore, the depth correction unit includes: The water surface zeroing trigger subunit is used to monitor the position status of the vertical motion execution module and generate a zeroing trigger signal when it is determined that the module is on the water surface. The reference pressure acquisition subunit is connected to the pressure sensor and is used to read and record the current atmospheric pressure parameter as the real-time atmospheric pressure reference value in response to the zeroing trigger signal. The real-time water depth calculation subunit is connected to both the reference air pressure acquisition subunit and the synchronous acquisition unit, and is used for: Continuously receive depth pressure parameters from the raw time series data; Based on the real-time atmospheric pressure reference value, the depth pressure parameter is corrected to zero point by point in real time using a first preset algorithm to generate the accurate water depth sequence.

[0014] Furthermore, the depth correction unit also includes: Density compensation calculation sub-unit, used for: Based on the synchronously collected water temperature and conductivity data, the density value of the current water body is calculated in real time using a second preset algorithm. The composite correction processing unit, connected to both the real-time water depth calculation subunit and the density compensation calculation subunit, is used for: Receive the preliminary water depth data output by the real-time water depth calculation subunit and the real-time water density value output by the density compensation calculation subunit; Based on the real-time water density value, the preliminary water depth data is subjected to density compensation correction to eliminate the water depth calculation error caused by the vertical change of water density, and finally the compensated accurate water depth sequence is output.

[0015] Furthermore, the profile generation unit includes: The data receiving and alignment subunit is used to receive the time-series raw data with timestamps from the synchronous acquisition unit, and to receive the precise water depth sequence with the same time reference from the depth correction unit. The quality control and interpolation subunit, connected to the data receiving and alignment subunit, is used for: Identify and remove frames marked as invalid from the output data of the data receiving alignment subunit; Based on valid data points, along the direction of the precise water depth sequence, the water carbon dioxide partial pressure data is interpolated into a vertical data sequence that is uniformly distributed at a preset vertical resolution threshold. The standardized profile construction subunit, connected to the quality control and interpolation subunit, is used to encapsulate the interpolated water carbon dioxide partial pressure data with the corresponding water depth coordinates to generate a standard format carbon dioxide partial pressure vertical profile.

[0016] Furthermore, the profile generation unit also includes: The vertical gradient identification subunit, connected to the standardized profile construction subunit, is used for: The rate of change of the vertical profile of carbon dioxide partial pressure per unit water depth, i.e., the vertical gradient, is calculated in real time. When the absolute value of the vertical gradient exceeds a preset gradient change threshold, it is determined that there is a significant physical or biochemical interface in the water depth range. An adaptive triggering unit, connected to the vertical gradient recognition subunit, is used to generate control commands when the interface is recognized and feed them back to the motion control unit through the central control module, triggering encrypted sampling or fixed-point observation of the water depth range where the interface is located.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: Compared with existing methods for monitoring carbon dioxide in water bodies, the in-situ carbon dioxide profiling system at the water-air interface provided by this invention has at least the following advantages: 1. Achieve in-situ vertical profile acquisition of carbon dioxide partial pressure in water: By setting up a vertical motion execution module and generating and sending motion commands by the motion control unit in the central control module, the monitoring system can perform controlled vertical reciprocating motion in the water according to a preset trajectory, thereby completing continuous measurement at different water depths in one operation, avoiding the operational complexity caused by multiple deployments or repeated deployments, and improving the overall efficiency of profile monitoring.

[0018] 2. Improve the temporal consistency and spatial correspondence accuracy of multi-parameter data: By sending a synchronous trigger signal to the multi-parameter sensing module during the vertical profile movement through the synchronous acquisition unit, and attaching a unified timestamp to the original physical signals of each acquired parameter, the carbon dioxide partial pressure data of the water body and the depth pressure parameter are strictly corresponded in the time dimension, avoiding the data misalignment problem caused by asynchronous acquisition of multiple parameters and improving the reliability of the profile data.

[0019] 3. Effectively eliminate the influence of water surface fluctuations and air pressure changes on depth measurement: The depth correction unit obtains real-time atmospheric pressure reference values ​​when the vertical motion execution module is located on the water surface, and performs real-time zero calibration of the depth pressure parameters based on these reference values. This can dynamically correct depth deviations caused by water surface fluctuations or changes in ambient air pressure, thereby generating a more accurate water depth sequence and improving the accuracy of vertical positioning.

[0020] 4. Achieve precise fusion of carbon dioxide partial pressure data and water depth information: The profile generation unit spatially aligns and fuses the corrected precise water depth sequence with the water body carbon dioxide partial pressure data at the same time stamp, directly generating a vertical profile of carbon dioxide partial pressure with water depth as the ordinate, so that the monitoring results have clear spatial physical meaning and are convenient for subsequent analysis and application.

[0021] 5. Improve system integration and data processing automation: The central control module coordinates vertical motion control, synchronous data acquisition and data processing, realizing an automated process from motion execution and data acquisition to profile generation, reducing manual intervention and post-processing workload, which is conducive to its promotion and application in long-term, continuous or on-site monitoring scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the in-situ carbon dioxide profile monitoring system at the water-air interface in this invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the synchronous acquisition unit in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the depth correction unit in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section generation unit in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the mechanical structure of the in-situ carbon dioxide profile monitoring system at the water-air interface in this invention.

[0023] Reference numerals: 1. Vertical motion execution module; 11. Buoyancy adjustment mechanism; 12. Drive control mechanism; 13. Attitude sensing and stabilization mechanism; 2. Multi-parameter sensing module; 21. Physicochemical parameter sensing unit; 22. Bio-optical parameter sensing unit; 23. In-situ calibration unit; 24. Data synchronization and quality control unit; 3. Central control module; 31. Motion control unit; 32. Synchronization acquisition unit; 321. Signal scheduling subunit; 322. Clock synchronization subunit; 323. Data preprocessing and buffering... 4. Data Processing Module; 41. Depth Correction Unit; 411. Water Surface Zeroing Trigger Subunit; 412. Reference Air Pressure Acquisition Subunit; 413. Real-time Water Depth Calculation Subunit; 414. Density Compensation Calculation Subunit; 415. Composite Correction Processing Unit; 42. Profile Generation Unit; 421. Data Reception and Alignment Subunit; 422. Quality Control and Interpolation Subunit; 423. Standardized Profile Construction Subunit; 424. Vertical Gradient Recognition Subunit; 425. Adaptive Trigger Unit. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Identical components are denoted by the same reference numerals. It should be noted that the terms "front," "rear," "left," "right," "upper," and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the accompanying drawings, and the terms "bottom surface," "top surface," "inner," and "outer" refer to directions toward or away from the geometric center of a specific component, respectively.

[0025] Example 1, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 5 This is the first embodiment of the present invention, which provides a water-air interface carbon dioxide in-situ profile monitoring system that can achieve high-precision vertical profile in-situ monitoring of carbon dioxide concentration at the water-air interface.

[0026] I. Overall System Structure and Composition; This embodiment provides an in-situ carbon dioxide profile monitoring system at the water-air interface, comprising: The vertical motion execution module 1, multi-parameter sensing module 2, central control module 3, and data processing module 4 work together to achieve in-situ monitoring of the vertical profile of carbon dioxide partial pressure from the water-air interface to the interior of the water body in a natural water environment. The central control module 3 and data processing module 4 are located in the same physical structure in terms of mechanical structure.

[0027] The vertical motion execution module 1 is used to perform controlled vertical reciprocating motion in the water. In practical applications, this module adopts an underwater motion platform based on the principle of buoyancy adjustment, specifically including an electric pump, an air pump, a solenoid valve, a buoyancy device, attitude control components, and a pressure-resistant hull.

[0028] By adjusting the volume ratio of gas to liquid in the buoyancy device, the system can achieve diving, surfacing, and hovering at a constant depth.

[0029] In this embodiment, the vertical motion speed can be set to 0.01m / s to 0.05m / s, with a typical operating speed of 0.02m / s, to ensure that the sensor has sufficient response time and obtains high spatial resolution profile data during the motion process.

[0030] The multi-parameter sensing module 2, mounted on the vertical motion execution module 1, is used to simultaneously measure raw physical signals, including at least water carbon dioxide partial pressure data and depth pressure parameters, during vertical motion.

[0031] In this embodiment, the multi-parameter sensing module 2 includes at least: An optical infrared carbon dioxide sensor is used to measure the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in water or after water-gas balance. Absolute pressure type pressure sensor, used to measure total ambient pressure; It can also be expanded with sensors for water temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, chlorophyll and turbidity according to application requirements.

[0032] All sensors are installed in a sealed housing and electrically connected to the central control module 3 via a watertight connection.

[0033] The central control module 3 connects to the vertical motion execution module 1 and the multi-parameter sensing module 2, respectively, to achieve motion control and synchronous data acquisition. The central control module 3 uses an embedded industrial-grade ARM Cortex-A53 multi-core processor with a main frequency ≥1.6GHz, equipped with a hardware floating-point unit (FPU) and a neural network accelerator (NPU), and supports a real-time operating system. The central control module 3 includes: The motion control unit 31 is used to generate and send motion commands to the vertical motion execution module 1 to drive it to perform diving, surfacing or constant-depth motion according to a preset vertical profile trajectory.

[0034] In this embodiment, the motion control unit 31 uses a closed-loop control algorithm to adjust the buoyancy change based on real-time pressure data and target depth parameters, so that the deviation between the actual water depth and the target water depth is controlled within ±5cm.

[0035] The synchronous acquisition unit 32 is used to send a synchronous trigger signal to the multi-parameter sensing module 2 during vertical profile movement and to receive the raw physical signals output by each sensor.

[0036] The synchronous acquisition unit 32 adds a uniform timestamp to all sampled data to form strictly time-aligned time series raw data.

[0037] In this embodiment, the sampling frequency is set to no less than 1Hz, with a typical value of 2Hz, to ensure that the vertical resolution is better than 0.1m at the above-mentioned motion speed.

[0038] Data processing module 4, connected to central control module 3, is used to correct, fuse, and generate profiles from the raw time series data. Data processing module 4 includes: The depth correction unit 41 is used to obtain the real-time atmospheric pressure reference value measured when the vertical motion execution module 1 is located on the water surface, and to perform real-time zero calibration on the depth pressure parameter in the time series raw data based on the reference value to generate an accurate water depth sequence. The profile generation unit 42 is used to spatially align and fuse the precise water depth sequence with the water carbon dioxide partial pressure data at the same time stamp to generate a vertical profile of carbon dioxide partial pressure with water depth as the vertical axis.

[0039] II. Working principle of Example 1; The working principle of this embodiment can be summarized as follows: The vertical motion execution module 1, equipped with a multi-parameter sensing module 2, performs controlled vertical reciprocating motion under the unified scheduling of the central control module 3. It simultaneously collects parameters such as water carbon dioxide partial pressure and pressure, and converts the time series data into a high-precision carbon dioxide partial pressure vertical profile through zero calibration of water surface atmospheric pressure and time-space alignment processing.

[0040] The specific working process is as follows: 1. Water surface initialization and atmospheric pressure reference acquisition; Before each vertical profile monitoring task begins, the vertical motion execution module 1 is controlled to float to the water surface and remain in a stable state.

[0041] The depth correction unit 41 obtains the total ambient pressure at this time through the pressure sensor, and this pressure value is determined as the real-time atmospheric pressure reference value Patm,0.

[0042] This atmospheric pressure reference value serves as the unified zero-point benchmark for this profiling mission, used to eliminate systematic depth shifts caused by daily pressure variations, weather changes, and other factors.

[0043] This method avoids depth errors of approximately ±0.2m caused by atmospheric pressure fluctuations (e.g., ±20hPa), fundamentally improving vertical positioning accuracy.

[0044] 2. Vertical profile movement and synchronous data acquisition; The motion control unit 31 generates motion commands according to a preset profile strategy, driving the vertical motion execution module 1 to descend at a constant speed.

[0045] During the descent and ascent, the synchronous acquisition unit 32 periodically sends synchronous trigger signals, enabling the multi-parameter sensing module 2 to acquire raw physical signals such as carbon dioxide partial pressure and pressure at the same time reference.

[0046] All sampled data were assigned a unified timestamp to form the original time series data.

[0047] This synchronization mechanism ensures strict consistency between carbon dioxide partial pressure data and pressure data in the time dimension, providing a reliable foundation for subsequent deep parameter fusion.

[0048] 3. Principles of depth calculation and real-time correction; The depth correction unit 41 acquires the real-time atmospheric pressure reference value measured by the vertical motion execution module 1 when it is located on the water surface, and performs real-time zero calibration on the depth pressure parameters in the time series raw data based on the reference value, generating an accurate water depth sequence so that the depth calculation only reflects the hydrostatic pressure of the water column, thereby effectively eliminating the interference caused by changes in environmental air pressure.

[0049] When the calculated actual water depth deviates from the target water depth set by the motion control unit 31 by less than 5cm, the motion control unit 31 can control the vertical motion execution module 1 to enter a brief hovering state to improve the data sampling stability at that depth point.

[0050] 4. Profile generation and data fusion; The profile generation unit 42 performs one-to-one correspondence and fusion processing on the accurate water depth sequence generated by the depth correction unit 41 and the carbon dioxide partial pressure data at the same timestamp.

[0051] This time-space alignment method transforms continuous measurement data, which originally had time as the independent variable, into a vertical profile of carbon dioxide partial pressure with water depth as the ordinate.

[0052] The generated profile data can accurately reflect the vertical distribution characteristics of carbon dioxide partial pressure at different depths from the water-air interface to the interior of the water body.

[0053] III. Technical Effects Achieved in Example 1: Through the above structure and working principle, this embodiment achieves at least the following technical effects: Achieving in-situ high-resolution vertical profile monitoring of carbon dioxide partial pressure at the water-air interface: Through the vertical motion execution module 1 and the synchronous acquisition mechanism, the system can continuously acquire data from multiple water depth points in a single operation, avoiding misjudgment of complex vertical structures by single-point measurement.

[0054] Significantly improves the depth positioning accuracy of profile data: Through the zero-calibration mechanism of atmospheric pressure at the water surface, the influence of changes in ambient air pressure on depth calculation is eliminated, making the carbon dioxide partial pressure data accurately correspond to the actual water depth.

[0055] Ensuring temporal consistency of multi-parameter data under motion: The synchronous acquisition method with a unified timestamp avoids spatial misalignment caused by asynchronous sampling of sensors, thus improving the reliability of profile data.

[0056] It provides direct supporting data for carbon flux calculation and carbon process analysis at the water-air interface: the generated carbon dioxide partial pressure vertical profile can be directly used to analyze the surface gradient structure, mixing layer characteristics and their changes over time, thereby improving the accuracy of flux estimation and enhancing the ability to explain process mechanisms.

[0057] Example 2 is the second embodiment of the present invention. Unlike the previous embodiment, based on the in-situ carbon dioxide profile monitoring system at the water-air interface in Example 1, this embodiment further defines and optimizes the structure and function of the multi-parameter sensing module 2 and the vertical motion execution module 1 to achieve simultaneous analysis of key physical and biological processes of the carbon cycle.

[0058] The multi-parameter sensing module 2 includes a physicochemical parameter sensing unit 21 and a bio-optical parameter sensing unit 22, which together constitute a raw physical signal acquisition system for profile monitoring.

[0059] The physical parameter sensing unit 21 includes at least the following sensors: Optical infrared sensor used to measure the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in water; The sensor is connected to the external water body through a water-air balance structure, and the measured carbon dioxide partial pressure data is used as the core parameter for carbon flux calculation and profile construction.

[0060] Pressure sensors are used to measure depth pressure parameters and atmospheric pressure parameters; This pressure sensor uses absolute pressure measurement, has a range of 0 to 10 bar, and an accuracy better than ±0.01%FS. It is used for both underwater depth calculation and obtaining real-time atmospheric pressure reference values ​​at the water surface.

[0061] Water temperature sensor, used to measure water temperature; Water temperature data is used to characterize the physical structure of water bodies and to provide necessary environmental parameters for the analysis of carbon dioxide dissolution and gas-liquid balance characteristics.

[0062] Conductivity sensor, used to measure the conductivity of water; Electrical conductivity data can be used to estimate salinity changes and help identify physical processes such as freshwater input and stratification.

[0063] The data collected by the aforementioned physical parameter sensing unit 21 serves as part of the original physical signal and participates in subsequent time synchronization, depth correction, and profile generation processes.

[0064] The bio-optical parameter sensing unit 22 includes at least a chlorophyll fluorescence sensor for indicating the relative biomass of phytoplankton in the water.

[0065] Chlorophyll fluorescence, as a representative indicator of photosynthetic intensity and phytoplankton distribution, has a clear biogeochemical correlation with parameters such as carbon dioxide partial pressure and dissolved oxygen.

[0066] Synchronous acquisition and process analysis mechanism: Both the physical and chemical parameter sensing unit 21 and the biological optical parameter sensing unit 22 are configured by the synchronous acquisition unit 32 to respond to the same synchronous trigger signal.

[0067] Within each sampling period, all sensors complete data acquisition under the same high-precision clock reference and are assigned a unified timestamp.

[0068] This synchronous acquisition mechanism ensures that changes in carbon dioxide partial pressure and chlorophyll fluorescence are strictly correlated in both time and space, thereby enabling synchronous analysis of the contributions of photosynthesis and respiration to carbon flux and avoiding confusion of causal relationships caused by asynchronous sampling.

[0069] In this embodiment, the multi-parameter sensing module 2 further includes an in-situ calibration unit 23 and a data synchronization and quality control unit 24.

[0070] The in-situ calibration unit 23 is connected to the air intake path of the optical infrared sensor in the physical and chemical parameter sensing unit 21.

[0071] When the vertical motion execution module 1 is located on the water surface, the in-situ calibration unit 23 introduces standard carbon dioxide gas into the optical infrared sensor to calibrate it in real time.

[0072] The partial pressure of standard carbon dioxide gas is a known fixed value, such as 1000 μatm, with an allowable error of no more than ±1 μatm.

[0073] This in-situ calibration process can be triggered under any of the following conditions: The system completes a preset number of profile cycles (e.g., at least one calibration every 6 profile cycles). An abnormal drift in the carbon dioxide partial pressure output was detected. Vertical motion execution module 1 floats to the water surface and remains stable.

[0074] By employing the above methods, zero-point and sensitivity drift caused by long-term operation, optical component contamination, or light source attenuation of the sensor can be effectively suppressed, thereby improving the absolute accuracy of long-term observation data.

[0075] The data synchronization and quality control unit 24 is connected to the physicochemical parameter sensing unit 21 and the bio-optical parameter sensing unit 22, and its functions include: After analog-to-digital conversion, a unified timestamp generated by the same high-precision clock source is injected into the raw physical signals from all sensors; Real-time monitoring of the stability of signals from each sensor.

[0076] When the fluctuation amplitude of any sensor signal exceeds its corresponding steady-state noise threshold within a unit of time, the data synchronization and quality control unit 24 marks the data in that time period as data to be verified.

[0077] The steady-state noise threshold can be preset according to the sensor type. For example, the noise threshold for carbon dioxide partial pressure signal is set to ±2μatm, and the noise threshold for chlorophyll fluorescence signal is set to ±5% of its steady-state value.

[0078] Through the above quality control mechanism, abnormal data can be effectively identified without discarding the original data, thereby improving the reliability of subsequent data analysis.

[0079] Further structural limitations of vertical motion execution module 1: The vertical motion execution module 1 includes a buoyancy adjustment mechanism 11, a drive control mechanism 12, and an attitude sensing and stabilization mechanism 13.

[0080] The buoyancy adjustment mechanism 11 includes a pressure-resistant shell, a variable volume cavity disposed within the pressure-resistant shell, and an electric water pump and an air pump respectively connected to the variable volume cavity.

[0081] By controlling the electric water pump to inject water into the variable volume cavity, the negative buoyancy of the system can be increased, enabling submersion; By controlling the air pump to drain the water from the variable volume chamber, the positive buoyancy of the system can be increased, thus enabling it to float.

[0082] This structure enables continuous and active adjustment of net buoyancy, providing a fundamental capability for profile motion.

[0083] The drive control mechanism 12 is used to receive motion commands from the central control module 3 and adjust the buoyancy adjustment mechanism 11 through a closed-loop control algorithm.

[0084] In this embodiment, the drive control mechanism 12 uses the real-time water depth calculated by the pressure sensor as the feedback quantity to stabilize the vertical movement speed within a preset speed threshold range, which is 0.01m / s to 0.05m / s, with a typical value of 0.02m / s.

[0085] The attitude sensing and stabilization mechanism 13 is used to monitor the attitude angles of the vertical motion execution module 1 in real time, including pitch angle and roll angle.

[0086] The drive control mechanism 12 acquires the real-time attitude angle and controls the attitude sensing and stabilization mechanism 13 to correct it when the attitude angle deviates from the preset attitude angle threshold.

[0087] The preset attitude angle threshold is ±5°. When the attitude angle exceeds this range, the attitude adjustment mechanism will restore the system attitude and maintain it within the threshold range.

[0088] This design ensures that the multi-parameter sensing module 2 maintains a stable orientation during vertical movement, reducing the impact of attitude changes on measurement accuracy.

[0089] In the water-air interface carbon dioxide in-situ profile monitoring system of Example 2, in order to ensure strict time consistency and data validity of multi-parameter data during vertical profile movement, the synchronous acquisition unit 32 further adopts the following structure.

[0090] The synchronous acquisition unit 32 includes: a signal scheduling subunit 321, a clock synchronization subunit 322, and a data preprocessing and buffering subunit 323.

[0091] The signal scheduling subunit 321 is used to generate and send synchronous trigger signals to each sensor in the multi-parameter sensing module 2 according to the progress of the vertical profile movement, and to receive the original physical signals returned by each sensor.

[0092] In actual operation, the signal scheduling subunit 321 maintains communication with the motion control unit 31 in the central control module 3, and dynamically adjusts the triggering rhythm according to the current motion state of the vertical motion execution module 1 (including diving, surfacing or hovering at a constant depth), so that the sensor sampling and spatial position changes remain coordinated.

[0093] The clock synchronization subunit 322 is used to receive or generate and distribute a unified time reference signal.

[0094] In this embodiment, the clock synchronization subunit 322 uses a highly stable clock source as the unified time reference of the system and distributes time synchronization signals to the signal scheduling subunit 321 and the data preprocessing and buffering subunit 323, thereby ensuring that all sensor data are labeled and processed in the same time coordinate system.

[0095] The data preprocessing and buffering subunit 323 is connected to the signal scheduling subunit 321 and the clock synchronization subunit 322, respectively, and its functions include: Receive the raw physical signals collected by the signal scheduling subunit 321; Based on the time reference signal provided by the clock synchronization subunit 322, timestamps are marked on each frame of the original physical signal. Perform preliminary quality checks on the original physical signals after the timestamp is marked, and complete data caching.

[0096] During vertical profile monitoring, the synchronous acquisition unit 32 works as follows: Unified triggering and sampling rhythm control: When the vertical motion execution module 1 moves in the water according to the preset trajectory, the signal scheduling subunit 321 periodically generates a synchronous trigger signal according to the current motion process and sends it to each sensor in the multi-parameter sensing module 2 at the same time.

[0097] This unified triggering mechanism enables optical infrared sensors, pressure sensors, water temperature sensors, conductivity sensors, and chlorophyll fluorescence sensors to complete data acquisition at the same sampling time, avoiding time offsets caused by differences in the internal clocks of different sensors.

[0098] Timestamp injection mechanism: After receiving the original physical signal, the data preprocessing and buffering subunit 323 timestamps each frame of data according to the unified time reference provided by the clock synchronization subunit 322.

[0099] The time interval between adjacent timestamps is determined by a preset collection frequency threshold.

[0100] In this embodiment, the sampling frequency threshold is set to be no less than 1Hz, with a typical value of 2Hz, corresponding to a time interval of no more than 1s, preferably 0.5s.

[0101] This method ensures that the profile data has a spatial resolution of no less than 0.05 to 0.20 m when the vertical movement speed is 0.01 m / s to 0.05 m / s.

[0102] Preliminary signal quality verification and invalid frame marking: After completing the timestamp marking, the data preprocessing and buffering subunit 323 performs preliminary verification on the raw physical signals output by each sensor.

[0103] The verification process is based on signal quality indicators. When the signal-to-noise ratio of a data frame is lower than the preset signal-to-noise ratio threshold, the corresponding data frame is marked as an invalid frame.

[0104] In this embodiment, the signal-to-noise ratio threshold is set according to the sensor type, for example: The signal-to-noise ratio threshold for the carbon dioxide partial pressure signal is set to be no less than 10; The signal-to-noise ratio threshold for chlorophyll fluorescence signals is set to be no less than 8.

[0105] Data marked as invalid frames are not discarded immediately, but are entered into the subsequent data processing flow along with valid frames, so that the depth correction unit 41 and the profile generation unit 42 can make further judgments during the quality control stage.

[0106] By introducing the above-mentioned synchronous acquisition unit 32 structure and its working mechanism in Embodiment 2, at least the following technical effects are achieved: Ensure strict temporal consistency of multi-parameter data: By using a unified trigger and a unified time reference, all original physical signals are aligned on the same time axis, providing a reliable foundation for subsequent depth correction, density compensation and profile generation.

[0107] Improve the spatial accuracy of profile data: Match the acquisition frequency threshold with the vertical movement speed to avoid spatial undersampling caused by excessively large sampling intervals, so that the profile can truly reflect the continuous changes of water parameters.

[0108] Early identification of low-quality data reduces post-processing complexity: By performing preliminary verification of the signal-to-noise ratio and marking invalid frames during the data acquisition stage, the interference of abnormal data on depth correction and profile interpolation results can be effectively reduced.

[0109] Enhance the system's stable operation capability in complex environments: Even under conditions of high turbulence, strong light changes, or transient sensor disturbances, the synchronous acquisition unit 32 can still ensure the continuity and controllability of the data acquisition process, thereby improving the overall reliability of the system.

[0110] Working principle and technical effects of Example 2: In this embodiment, the following working mechanism is achieved through the synchronous acquisition of physical and chemical parameter sensing unit 21 and biological optical parameter sensing unit 22 in multi-parameter sensing module 2, combined with in-situ calibration unit 23 and data synchronization and quality control unit 24: During the vertical profile movement, the system synchronously collects data on carbon dioxide partial pressure, water temperature, conductivity, pressure, and chlorophyll fluorescence at a unified time reference. By using water surface atmospheric pressure zeroing calibration and depth correction algorithms, time series data are converted into high-precision vertical profiles; By analyzing the synergistic changes in chlorophyll fluorescence and carbon dioxide partial pressure, the contributions of photosynthesis and respiration to carbon flux were elucidated.

[0111] Therefore, compared with the scheme that only measures a single physical parameter, this embodiment further achieves the following technical effects: It can simultaneously characterize the effects of physical and biological processes on carbon dioxide distribution at the profile scale; Significantly improves the stability and absolute accuracy of carbon dioxide partial pressure measurement under long-term operating conditions; Maintaining stable vertical motion and attitude control in dynamic water environments improves the spatial consistency of profile data; It provides high-quality in-situ constraint data for carbon flux calculation, carbon storage assessment, and biogeochemical model validation.

[0112] Example 3, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 This is the third embodiment of the present invention. Unlike the previous embodiment, this embodiment, based on the aforementioned embodiments one and two, further addresses the problems of accumulated water depth calculation errors under dynamic vertical motion conditions, systematic deviations introduced by density changes, and the difficulty in accurately capturing key interfaces by introducing: The first preset algorithm is based on the real-time atmospheric pressure at the water surface; A second preset algorithm based on the joint inversion of water temperature and conductivity; Density compensation and correction model for vertically non-uniform density fields; A vertical gradient identification model based on high-order smoothing and nonlinear enhancement; Achieve high-precision real-time correction of water depth, standardized construction of carbon dioxide partial pressure profiles, and adaptive, intensive observation of key physical or biochemical interfaces.

[0113] Algorithm-level implementation principle of depth correction unit 41: (a) Water surface zeroing trigger and reference air pressure acquisition; The water surface zeroing trigger subunit 411 determines that the vertical motion execution module 1 is in the water surface state based on any of the following conditions: The total pressure output by the pressure sensor is less than the preset air pressure threshold of 1.02 atm; Or the depth change rate is less than 0.005 m / s and the pressure value is stable within a continuous sampling period.

[0114] When the determination is successful, a zero-trigger signal is generated, triggering the reference pressure acquisition subunit 412 to read the current output value of the pressure sensor, which is recorded as the real-time atmospheric pressure reference value P0, in Pa.

[0115] First preset algorithm – Point-by-point real-time zeroing correction algorithm: The real-time water depth calculation subunit 413 continuously receives the depth pressure parameter P(t) from the time series raw data and performs point-by-point zeroing correction based on the atmospheric pressure reference value P0.

[0116] The first preset algorithm is defined as follows: ; ; ; in, Preliminary water depth data, in meters; The acceleration due to gravity is taken as 9.80665 m / s². 2 ,for, The instantaneous vertical velocity of vertical motion execution module 1 at time t, in m / s; It is a nonlinear pressure mapping function. For speed-adaptive noise suppression function, This is the nonlinear enhancement coefficient, with a value ranging from 0.01 to 0.05. β is the pressure scale reference value, corresponding to the hydrostatic pressure at a water depth of 1m; β is the velocity suppression coefficient, used to suppress instantaneous pressure fluctuations during motion; v represents the instantaneous vertical motion velocity of the vertical motion execution module at the current moment.

[0117] The first preset algorithm uses a dual complex function structure of "pressure nonlinear mapping + velocity adaptive noise suppression" to eliminate the influence of atmospheric pressure while reducing transient pressure noise caused by changes in vertical motion velocity, thereby obtaining a more stable preliminary water depth estimate.

[0118] Density compensation calculation and composite correction processing: (a) Second preset algorithm - real-time inversion model of water density; The density compensation calculation subunit 414 calculates the real-time water density ρ(t) based on the synchronously acquired water temperature data T(t) and conductivity data C(t).

[0119] The second preset algorithm is defined as follows: ; ; ; in, This represents the vertical gradient of water temperature with depth. For multivariable nonlinear density basis functions, For hierarchical correction functions, For standard reference density, , , These are the experimental calibration coefficients. It is a stratification enhancement factor used to improve density correction sensitivity under strong thermocline conditions.

[0120] (ii) Density compensation correction formula; The composite correction processing unit 415 performs density compensation correction based on the initial water depth H1(t) and the real-time water density ρ(t) to obtain the final accurate water depth sequence H(t): ; ; ; in, The vertical gradient of water density. This is a density ratio correction function. Here is the density gradient suppression function. For reference density, This is the gradient suppression coefficient.

[0121] This density compensation correction model can effectively eliminate systematic errors in depth calculation caused by vertical changes in water density (such as freshwater lenses and haloclines), making the accurate water depth sequence highly consistent with the true physical depth.

[0122] Profile generation and standardization: The data receiving and alignment subunit 421 is used to receive time-series raw data with timestamps from the synchronous acquisition unit 32 and to receive precise water depth sequences with the same time reference from the depth correction unit 41. After removing data frames marked as invalid, the quality control and interpolation subunit 422 interpolates the carbon dioxide partial pressure data along the direction of the precise water depth sequence into a vertical data sequence that is uniformly distributed on a preset vertical resolution threshold Δz.

[0123] Wherein, Δz ranges from 0.05 to 0.20 m, with a typical value of 0.10 m.

[0124] The interpolation process employs a combination of weighted spline interpolation and local smoothing functions to ensure profile continuity and gradient accuracy.

[0125] The standardized profile construction subunit 423, connected to the quality control and interpolation subunit 422, is used to encapsulate the interpolated water carbon dioxide partial pressure data with the corresponding water depth coordinates to generate a standard format carbon dioxide partial pressure vertical profile.

[0126] Vertical gradient identification and adaptive feedback control: (a) Formula for calculating vertical gradient; Vertical gradient identification sub-unit 424 calculates the rate of change of carbon dioxide partial pressure profile per unit water depth in real time: ; ; in, To enhance the vertical gradient index, Let Z be the partial pressure of carbon dioxide at a water depth of z. It is a first-order gradient enhancement function. It is a second-order curvature amplification function. and All of these are gradient enhancement coefficients.

[0127] (ii) Interface determination and adaptive triggering; When | When the gradient change exceeds a preset threshold (e.g., 10 μatm / m), it is determined that there is a significant physical or biochemical interface in that water depth range.

[0128] The adaptive triggering unit 425 generates control commands accordingly, which are fed back to the motion control unit 31 via the central control module 3, triggering at least one of the following operations: Within this water depth range, reduce the vertical motion speed to 50% of the original speed; Alternatively, fixed-point observation can be implemented to extend the sampling time.

[0129] Technical effect description: Through this vertical gradient feedback mechanism, the system can actively identify and finely characterize the photosynthetic layer, the bottom boundary of the mixing layer, or the chemoclimacteric layer, achieving high-resolution observation of key processes.

[0130] Overall technical effects of Example 3: This represents a leap from "static estimation" to "dynamic, adaptive, and multi-factor correction" in water depth calculation. It significantly improves the spatial realism of carbon dioxide partial pressure profiles under strongly stratified and rapidly changing environments; This enables the monitoring system to possess a closed-loop intelligent capability of "perception-judgment-feedback-re-observation"; It provides highly reliable in-situ data support for the calculation of carbon flux at the water-air interface, the analysis of process mechanisms, and the assimilation of models.

[0131] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the scope of the present invention's concept are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, any improvements and modifications made without departing from the principle of the present invention should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water-air interface carbon dioxide in-situ profiling monitoring system, characterized in that, include: Vertical motion execution module, used to perform controlled vertical reciprocating motion in water; A multi-parameter sensing module, mounted on the vertical motion execution module, is used to simultaneously measure raw physical signals, including at least water carbon dioxide partial pressure data and depth pressure parameters, during the motion process. The central control module is connected to the vertical motion execution module and the multi-parameter sensing module, and includes: The motion control unit is used to generate and send motion commands to the vertical motion execution module to drive it to perform vertical profile motion according to a preset trajectory. The synchronous acquisition unit is used to send a synchronous trigger signal to the multi-parameter sensing module during the vertical profile movement, and to receive the original physical signal, and to add a unified timestamp to the data points of all parameters to form the original time series data. A data processing module, connected to the central control module, includes: The depth correction unit is used to obtain the real-time atmospheric pressure reference value measured when the vertical motion execution module is located on the water surface, and to perform real-time zero calibration on the depth pressure parameters in the original time series data based on this reference value to generate an accurate water depth sequence. The profile generation unit, connected to the depth correction unit, is used to spatially align and fuse the precise water depth sequence with the water carbon dioxide partial pressure data at the same timestamp, generating a vertical profile of carbon dioxide partial pressure with water depth as the vertical axis.

2. The in-situ carbon dioxide profiling monitoring system at the water-air interface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-parameter sensing module includes: The physicochemical parameter sensing unit includes at least an optical infrared sensor for measuring the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the water, a pressure sensor for measuring the depth pressure parameter and atmospheric pressure parameter, and a water temperature sensor and a conductivity sensor for measuring the basic physicochemical properties of the water. The bio-optical parameter sensing unit includes at least a chlorophyll fluorescence sensor for indicating phytoplankton biomass in the water body; The data collected by the physical and chemical parameter sensing unit and the bio-optical parameter sensing unit are used as the original physical signal; The physical and chemical parameter sensing unit and the biological optical parameter sensing unit are configured by the synchronous acquisition unit to respond to the same synchronous trigger signal, thereby realizing the synchronous process analysis of the contribution of photosynthesis and respiration to carbon flux.

3. The in-situ carbon dioxide profiling monitoring system at the water-air interface according to claim 2, characterized in that, The multi-parameter sensing module also includes: The in-situ calibration unit is connected to the air intake path of the optical infrared sensor in the physical and chemical parameter sensing unit. It is used to introduce standard carbon dioxide gas into the optical infrared sensor for real-time calibration when the vertical motion execution module is located on the water surface. The data synchronization and quality control unit, connected to the physicochemical parameter sensing unit and the bio-optical parameter sensing unit, is used for: After analog-to-digital conversion, a uniform timestamp generated by the same high-precision clock source is injected into the raw physical signals from all sensors. The stability of each sensor signal is monitored in real time. When the fluctuation amplitude of any signal exceeds its corresponding steady-state noise threshold, the data in that time period is marked as data to be verified.

4. The in-situ carbon dioxide profiling monitoring system at the water-air interface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical motion execution module includes: A buoyancy adjustment mechanism is used to provide adjustable net buoyancy by changing its overall displacement volume; A drive control mechanism is connected to and controls the buoyancy adjustment mechanism. It is used to receive motion commands from the central control module and adjust the buoyancy adjustment mechanism through a closed-loop control algorithm so that the vertical motion speed of the module is stabilized within a preset speed threshold range. An attitude sensing and stabilization mechanism, connected to the drive control mechanism, is used to monitor and obtain the real-time attitude angle. The drive control mechanism is used to acquire the real-time attitude angle, and when the real-time attitude angle deviates from the preset attitude angle threshold, control the attitude sensing and stabilization mechanism to work, correct the real-time attitude angle and maintain it within the preset attitude angle threshold range.

5. The in-situ carbon dioxide profiling monitoring system at the water-air interface according to claim 4, characterized in that, The buoyancy adjustment mechanism includes a pressure-resistant shell, a variable volume cavity disposed within the pressure-resistant shell, and an electric water pump and an air pump respectively connected to the variable volume cavity; The drive control mechanism controls the electric water pump to inject water into the variable volume cavity to increase negative buoyancy, or controls the air pump to discharge water from the variable volume cavity to increase positive buoyancy, thereby achieving continuous and active adjustment of net buoyancy.

6. The in-situ carbon dioxide profiling monitoring system at the water-air interface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The synchronous acquisition unit includes: The signal scheduling subunit is used to generate and send the synchronization trigger signal to each sensor in the multi-parameter sensing module according to the progress of the vertical profile movement, and to receive the returned original physical signal. The clock synchronization subunit is used to receive or generate and distribute a unified time reference signal; The data preprocessing and buffering subunit, connected to the signal scheduling subunit and the clock synchronization subunit respectively, is used for: Receive the original physical signal; Based on the time reference signal, a timestamp is marked for each frame of the original physical signal, wherein the time interval between adjacent timestamps is determined by a preset acquisition frequency threshold; Then, the original physical signal after the timestamp is marked is initially verified. When the signal quality index is lower than the preset signal-to-noise ratio threshold, the corresponding data frame is marked as an invalid frame.

7. The in-situ carbon dioxide profiling monitoring system at the water-air interface according to claim 2, characterized in that, The depth correction unit includes: The water surface zeroing trigger subunit is used to monitor the position status of the vertical motion execution module and generate a zeroing trigger signal when it is determined that the module is on the water surface. The reference pressure acquisition subunit is connected to the pressure sensor and is used to read and record the current atmospheric pressure parameter as the real-time atmospheric pressure reference value in response to the zeroing trigger signal. The real-time water depth calculation subunit is connected to both the reference air pressure acquisition subunit and the synchronous acquisition unit, and is used for: Continuously receive depth pressure parameters from the raw time series data; Based on the real-time atmospheric pressure reference value, the depth pressure parameter is corrected to zero point by point in real time using a first preset algorithm to generate the accurate water depth sequence.

8. The in-situ carbon dioxide profiling monitoring system at the water-air interface according to claim 7, characterized in that, The depth correction unit further includes: Density compensation calculation sub-unit, used for: Based on the synchronously collected water temperature and conductivity data, the density value of the current water body is calculated in real time using a second preset algorithm. The composite correction processing unit, connected to both the real-time water depth calculation subunit and the density compensation calculation subunit, is used for: Receive the preliminary water depth data output by the real-time water depth calculation subunit and the real-time water density value output by the density compensation calculation subunit; Based on the real-time water density value, the preliminary water depth data is subjected to density compensation correction to eliminate the water depth calculation error caused by the vertical change of water density, and finally the compensated accurate water depth sequence is output.

9. The in-situ carbon dioxide profiling monitoring system at the water-air interface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The profile generation unit includes: The data receiving and alignment subunit is used to receive the time-series raw data with timestamps from the synchronous acquisition unit, and to receive the precise water depth sequence with the same time reference from the depth correction unit. The quality control and interpolation subunit, connected to the data receiving and alignment subunit, is used for: Identify and remove frames marked as invalid from the output data of the data receiving alignment subunit; Based on valid data points, along the direction of the precise water depth sequence, the water carbon dioxide partial pressure data is interpolated into a vertical data sequence that is uniformly distributed at a preset vertical resolution threshold. The standardized profile construction subunit, connected to the quality control and interpolation subunit, is used to encapsulate the interpolated water carbon dioxide partial pressure data with the corresponding water depth coordinates to generate a standard format carbon dioxide partial pressure vertical profile.

10. The in-situ carbon dioxide profiling monitoring system at the water-air interface according to claim 9, characterized in that, The profile generation unit further includes: The vertical gradient identification subunit, connected to the standardized profile construction subunit, is used for: The rate of change of the vertical profile of carbon dioxide partial pressure per unit water depth, i.e., the vertical gradient, is calculated in real time. When the absolute value of the vertical gradient exceeds a preset gradient change threshold, it is determined that there is a significant physical or biochemical interface in the water depth range. An adaptive triggering unit, connected to the vertical gradient recognition subunit, is used to generate control commands when the interface is recognized and feed them back to the motion control unit through the central control module, triggering encrypted sampling or fixed-point observation of the water depth range where the interface is located.

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