Ultrasonic-based passive wake-up aquatic organism beacon system and tracking method

Abstract

The application discloses an ultrasonic-based passive wake-up type aquatic organism beacon system and a tracking method, wherein the system comprises an acoustic transceiver, a trigger type beacon and a data center; the acoustic transceiver is used for broadcasting an ultrasonic wake-up signal, referred to as a first signal, into water; the trigger type beacon is fixed on an aquatic organism; the trigger type beacon is in a silent state when not woken up by the first signal; the trigger type beacon in the silent state is woken up and emits an ultrasonic signal carrying coded information, referred to as a second signal, after receiving the first signal; and the acoustic transceiver is further used for receiving the second signal and uploading relevant information to the data center after signal analysis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of underwater biological behavior detection and analysis technology, specifically relating to an ultrasonic-based passive awakening aquatic biological beacon system and tracking method. Background Technology

[0002] Research on the ecological behavior of aquatic organisms, resource conservation, and fisheries management often rely on the long-term, continuous location and tracking of individual aquatic organisms or groups. Among these methods, ultrasonic telemetry is one of the more mainstream tracking techniques. Its basic principle involves attaching or implanting ultrasonic transceivers (beacons) onto the fish. Acoustic transceivers deployed in the water or mobile receiving devices capture the specific frequency sound signals emitted by the beacons, thereby calculating the fish's location, depth, and movement trajectory. This technology is widely used in various aquatic organism studies, such as the migration routes of migratory fish (e.g., various types of sturgeon, salmon), spawning ground location, habitat selection, and behavioral ecology analysis. It is of great significance for formulating species conservation strategies, assessing the ecological impact of water conservancy projects, and guiding fisheries resource management.

[0003] Currently, mainstream fish ultrasonic tracking systems employ a "fish-borne beacon actively emitting signals" mode. Specifically, the hardware at the tag end (carried by the fish) includes an ultrasonic transducer, control circuitry, a high-capacity battery, and a waterproof casing. The operating mode is as follows: the tag has an internal timing circuit that autonomously generates ultrasonic pulse signals of a specific frequency (e.g., 69kHz, 180kHz) at preset fixed time intervals (e.g., every 30 seconds, every minute, or longer), and transmits these signals into the water via the transducer. The emitted pulse signals typically encode information such as the animal's tag ID. Emitting ultrasonic pulses is the main energy-consuming component of the system; even without nearby monitoring stations, the tag will continue to emit signals at preset intervals, resulting in continuous energy consumption.

[0004] At the monitoring end (fixed station or mobile receiving station), the hardware consists of hydrophones (or hydrophone arrays), signal amplifiers, filters, data acquisition modules, and data storage modules (such as SD card storage). The working mode is as follows: the monitoring station is always in listening mode, passively receiving the acoustic signals emitted by all markers within range, resolving the marker positions using the time difference of arrival (TDOA) method or signal strength method, and storing the reception time, marker ID, and location information.

[0005] This scheme is relatively mature and can achieve continuous tracking within a certain range. However, its fundamental limitation lies in the way the marker continuously and actively transmits signals, leading to the following drawbacks:

[0006] High power consumption and short battery life: The tagging device needs to actively emit high-power ultrasonic signals at regular intervals, which is the main source of energy consumption. Limited by the fish's carrying capacity, the tag size and battery capacity cannot be increased indefinitely. If the emission frequency is increased, the battery life will only be a few months. Therefore, the emission frequency must be reduced to extend the battery life. As a result, the maximum claimed lifespan of existing ultrasonic tags is usually only 1-2 years (such as the common commercial product Vemco series tags). Even so, the low emission frequency can easily lead to false negative results in monitoring. For example, aquatic organisms may swim past the receiver, but because the emission frequency is too low, the animal may have already swum out of the monitoring station's monitoring range when the signal is emitted, resulting in no animal being detected and data errors.

[0007] Invalid transmissions result in wasted energy: When fish swim out of the coverage area of ​​the monitoring network or into waters without monitoring stations (such as the open ocean), the markers continue to transmit signals that are not captured by any receiving equipment. These invalid transmissions waste precious battery energy.

[0008] Difficulty in meeting the needs of ultra-long-term monitoring: For species such as the Chinese sturgeon, which have long life cycles (up to decades) and transoceanic long-distance migration characteristics, a monitoring period of 1-2 years cannot cover their key life history stages (such as marine foraging and growth, and migration and reproduction after sexual maturity), resulting in long-term gaps in research data, which seriously restricts the understanding and protection of their ecological habits throughout their entire life history. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide an ultrasonic-based passive awakening aquatic organism beacon system and tracking method to solve the technical problems existing in the background art.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0011] An ultrasonic-based passive wake-up aquatic organism beacon system includes an acoustic transceiver, a trigger beacon, and a data center;

[0012] The acoustic transceiver is used to broadcast an ultrasonic wake-up signal into the water, referred to as the first signal;

[0013] The trigger beacon is fixed to an aquatic organism. The trigger beacon is in a silent state when it is not awakened by the first signal. When the silent trigger beacon receives the first signal, it is awakened and emits an ultrasonic signal carrying coded information, which is called the second signal.

[0014] The acoustic transceiver is also used to receive a second signal, and after completing the signal analysis, it uploads the relevant information to the data center.

[0015] Furthermore, the acoustic transceiver specifically includes:

[0016] The main control module is used to control the timing and logic of the acoustic transceiver;

[0017] An ultrasonic transmitter is used to broadcast a first signal according to a preset timing sequence;

[0018] An ultrasonic receiver is used to receive a second signal;

[0019] The signal processing and decoding module is used to filter, amplify, and decode the received second signal to complete signal analysis.

[0020] A wireless communication module is used to upload the relevant information after signal analysis to the data center;

[0021] The power module, which can be used in combination with mains power, a battery or a solar panel, is used to provide continuous power to the acoustic transceiver.

[0022] Furthermore, the triggering beacon specifically includes:

[0023] Beacon ultrasonic receiver, used to monitor ultrasonic signals in water;

[0024] The signal recognition and verification circuit is used to perform feature analysis on the ultrasonic signal detected by the beacon ultrasonic receiver and verify whether it belongs to the first signal that meets the requirements. If it does, the verification is successful.

[0025] The control module is used to control the timing and logic of the trigger beacon, including the switching between the silent state and the wake-up state;

[0026] Encoding module: Used to generate encoded information containing the unique ID of the trigger beacon when the beacon is awake;

[0027] A beacon ultrasonic transmitter is used to transmit a second signal when the device is awake.

[0028] A miniature battery powers the entire trigger beacon.

[0029] Furthermore, the trigger-type beacon also includes a sensor module, which is used to sleep in a silent state and collect relevant information in a wake-up state;

[0030] The encoded information generated by the encoding module also includes information collected by the sensor module.

[0031] Furthermore, the period of the first signal broadcast by the acoustic transceiver is adjusted by the following formula:

[0032] ;

[0033] in, Let f represent the base period, and f be the adjustment function that varies with the season and time period.

[0034] Furthermore, the frequency of the first signal The frequency of the second signal And satisfy:

[0035] ;

[0036] in , These are the bandwidths of the first and second signals, respectively. To protect the frequency band.

[0037] Furthermore, the coding structure of the first signal Represented as:

[0038] ;

[0039] in To fix the synchronization head, For the identification of the monitoring station, For parity checking;

[0040] The coding structure of the second signal Represented as:

[0041] ;

[0042] in For preamble, As a unique identifier for the beacon, For sensor data, For CRC check.

[0043] Furthermore, the silent state of the triggered beacon is specifically divided into:

[0044] Deep sleep state, also known as state, Only the real-time clock of the control module is working;

[0045] Shallow dormancy state, also known as state, When the real-time clock reaches the preset time point, the control module wakes up the beacon ultrasonic receiver to enter [the following state]. state, The system monitors ultrasonic signals in the water under certain conditions, performing energy threshold detection. If the received signal energy exceeds a preset threshold, it is considered that an ultrasonic signal has been detected. If no ultrasonic signal is detected within a preset time, the system returns to normal. state;

[0046] The recognition state is called state, If an ultrasonic signal is detected in the state, then enter state, The control module in this state wakes up the signal recognition and verification circuit to perform frequency matching. During frequency matching, the peak frequency of the ultrasonic signal is detected. Combined with the preset reference frequency ,like If the value is less than the preset threshold, the match is successful; otherwise, the match fails and the process returns to the previous state. state;

[0047] The verification state is called state, If a match is successful in the current state, then proceed to the next state. state, The signal recognition and verification circuit under these conditions further uses a synchronization head. Perform encoding verification; if verification fails, return to [the previous page]. state;

[0048] In addition, the wake-up state is specifically divided into:

[0049] The ready state is called state, If the verification is successful, proceed to the next state. state, In this state, the control module wakes up the encoding module, sensor module, and beacon ultrasonic transmitter, generates encoded information, and completes preparation for the second signal transmission.

[0050] The emission state is called state, After completing the preparation for the second signal transmission in the current state, it will automatically enter [the next state]. In this state, the beacon ultrasonic transmitter completes the transmission of the second signal and automatically returns to its original position. state.

[0051] Another aspect of the present invention provides a passively awakened aquatic organism beacon tracking method based on ultrasound, employing the aforementioned passively awakened aquatic organism beacon system based on ultrasound, and including the following steps:

[0052] S1, configure trigger beacons for aquatic organisms and configure acoustic transceivers for the target water body;

[0053] S2, the acoustic transceiver broadcasts the first signal into the water at a preset frequency;

[0054] S3, when an aquatic organism equipped with a trigger beacon enters the signal coverage area of ​​the monitoring station, the trigger beacon detects the first signal and verifies the signal;

[0055] S4. After the signal verification is successful, the trigger beacon switches from the silent state to the wake-up state. In the wake-up state, the trigger beacon transmits a second signal.

[0056] S5, the acoustic transceiver receives the second signal, completes signal analysis, and uploads the relevant information to the data center.

[0057] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0058] The present invention provides an ultrasonic-based passive wake-up aquatic organism beacon system and tracking method that addresses the core shortcomings of existing technologies, such as high power consumption and short battery life due to continuous active transmission. By changing the working mode of the marker from "continuous active transmission" to "silent when not awakened, and only awakened and responding upon receiving a specific instruction," the present invention fundamentally eliminates ineffective transmission energy consumption. With the same or smaller battery configuration, the theoretical working time of the marker is extended from the current 1-2 years to 5-7 years or even longer. This enables continuous monitoring of the entire life cycle or key multi-year stages of fish with long-period migratory habits (such as the Chinese sturgeon) and various aquatic organisms, providing unprecedented long-term data support for species conservation. Attached Figure Description

[0059] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this embodiment, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiment will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0060] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a passive awakening aquatic organism beacon system based on ultrasound provided by the present invention;

[0061] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a passive awakening aquatic organism beacon tracking method based on ultrasound provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0062] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, further explains how this invention is implemented.

[0063] In one embodiment, reference is made to... Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a passive wake-up aquatic organism beacon system based on ultrasound, including an acoustic transceiver 2, a trigger beacon 1, and a data center 3.

[0064] Acoustic transceiver 2 is used to broadcast an ultrasonic wake-up signal into the water, called the first signal. The first signal can be a continuous wave of a single frequency, a pulse-coded signal of a specific pattern (such as PPM, PWM), a linear frequency modulated signal (Chirp), or a spread spectrum signal, as long as it has a unique characteristic that can be identified and verified by the beacon.

[0065] Trigger beacon 1 is fixed to an aquatic organism. When not awakened by the first signal, trigger beacon 1 is in a silent state. Upon receiving the first signal, the silent trigger beacon 1 is awakened and emits an ultrasonic signal carrying coded information, referred to as the second signal. The type of the second signal can be similar to the aforementioned first signal, as long as it has a unique characteristic that can be identified and verified by the acoustic transceiver 2.

[0066] The acoustic transceiver 2 is also used to receive a second signal, and after completing the signal analysis, it uploads the relevant information to the data center 3.

[0067] Data center 3 is used to receive, store, and process data uploaded by each acoustic transceiver 2, enabling real-time display, trajectory playback, and analysis of aquatic organism locations. Understandably, researchers can access data center 3 via computer or mobile client to view the location and timing of aquatic organism appearances in near real-time.

[0068] In this embodiment, the acoustic transceiver 2 specifically includes: a main control module 21, used to control the timing and logic of the acoustic transceiver 2; an ultrasonic transmitter 22, used to broadcast a first signal according to a preset timing sequence, the first signal being a continuous wave of a specific frequency, a coded pulse train, or a modulated signal; an ultrasonic receiver 23, used to receive a second signal; a signal processing and decoding module 24, used to filter, amplify, and decode the received second signal to complete signal analysis; a wireless communication module 25, which may be a 4G / 5G / satellite communication module, used to upload the relevant information after signal analysis to the data center 3; and a power supply module 26, which may be AC ​​power, a battery, a solar panel, or a combination of different types of power sources, used to provide continuous power to the acoustic transceiver 2.

[0069] Triggered beacon 1 specifically includes:

[0070] The system comprises: a beacon ultrasonic receiver 11 for monitoring ultrasonic signals in water; a signal identification and verification circuit 12 for performing feature analysis on the ultrasonic signals detected by the beacon ultrasonic receiver 11 to verify whether they belong to the first signal that meets the requirements; a control module 13 for controlling the timing and logic of the trigger beacon 1, including the switching between silent and wake-up states; an encoding module 14 for generating encoded information containing the unique ID of the trigger beacon 1 in the wake-up state; a beacon ultrasonic transmitter 15 for transmitting a second signal in the wake-up state; and a micro battery 16 for powering the entire trigger beacon 1.

[0071] Additionally, the trigger-type beacon 1 may also include a sensor module 17, which is used to sleep in a silent state and collect relevant information (such as temperature and depth) in a wake-up state; the encoded information generated by the encoding module 14 also includes the information collected by the sensor module 17. The trigger-type beacon 1 can be housed in a waterproof and pressure-resistant encapsulation structure to protect the internal circuitry from the high-pressure underwater environment. Of course, the acoustic transceiver 2 can also be configured with a sensor module 27 to collect relevant information from the acoustic transceiver 2, which can then be uploaded to the data center 3 via the wireless communication module 25.

[0072] Preferably, the period of the first broadcast signal from the acoustic transceiver 2 is adjusted by the following formula:

[0073] ;

[0074] in, The base period is represented, for example, 1 second, meaning 60 transmissions per minute. f is an adjustment function that varies with the season and time of day. For example, during the aquatic organism breeding season, a period of 0.5 is used during the daytime (high activity period), 1.0 during normal periods, and 2.0 during the low activity period at night. Therefore, the period of the first broadcast signal will automatically adjust between 0.5 seconds and 2 seconds, and the number of first signal transmissions per minute will automatically adjust between 30 and 120. The duration of a single first signal transmission is also represented. For example, it can be set to 10ms.

[0075] Preferably, the frequency of the first signal The frequency of the second signal And satisfy:

[0076] ;

[0077] in , These are the bandwidths of the first and second signals, respectively. To protect the frequency band, this invention employs a frequency spacing design to ensure frequency separation between the first and second signals; the first signal is in the low-frequency band, which is beneficial for long-distance propagation; and the second signal is in the high-frequency band, which is beneficial for high-precision positioning.

[0078] In this embodiment, the encoding structure of the first signal Represented as:

[0079] ;

[0080] in It is an 8-bit fixed synchronization header (e.g., 10110010). A 6-digit monitoring station identifier. It is a 2-bit parity check.

[0081] The coding structure of the second signal Represented as:

[0082] ;

[0083] in It is a 16-bit preamble (used for frame synchronization). A unique 24-bit beacon identifier. This is 20-bit sensor data (e.g., 8-bit temperature + 12-bit depth). It uses a 12-bit CRC checksum.

[0084] This invention designs a dedicated low cross-correlation coding pair (distinct from general Gold codes and m-sequences). The first signal uses a concise feature code, with a total length of only 16 bits, facilitating low-power and rapid identification; the second signal uses an extended code to carry complete information. Through the separation of the frequency and coding method of the first and second signals, the system can clearly distinguish between the first and second signals, avoiding system self-interference.

[0085] In this embodiment, the silent state of the trigger beacon 1 is specifically divided into:

[0086] Deep sleep state, also known as state, In this state, only the real-time clock of control module 13 is working. The operating current under normal conditions is approximately 0.1 μA.

[0087] Shallow dormancy state, also known as state, When the real-time clock reaches the preset time point, the control module 13 wakes up the beacon ultrasonic receiver 11 to enter [the following state]. state; The state duration is 1 minute, meaning that trigger-type beacon 1 enters deep sleep after each 1-minute deep sleep. state. The system monitors ultrasonic signals in the water under normal conditions, performing energy threshold detection. If the received signal energy is greater than a preset threshold, it is considered that an ultrasonic signal has been detected; if no ultrasonic signal is detected within a preset time (e.g., 1 second), it returns to normal. state. It can filter out about 90% of environmental noise under normal conditions, and the operating current is about 50μA.

[0088] The recognition state is called state, If an ultrasonic signal is detected in the state, then enter again. state, The energy monitoring window in this state can be approximately 10ms. That is, if the received signal energy exceeds a preset threshold within 10ms, then it enters a state of alert. state. The control module 13 wakes up the signal recognition and verification circuit 12 and performs frequency matching. During frequency matching, the peak frequency of the ultrasonic signal is detected. Combined with the preset reference frequency ,like If the value is less than the preset threshold, the match is successful; otherwise, the match fails and the process returns to the previous state. state. Under normal conditions, it can filter out approximately 99% of out-of-band interference, with an operating current of approximately 200 μA. The state lasts for approximately 0.8 ms.

[0089] The verification state is called state, If a match is successful in the current state, then proceed to the next state. state, The signal recognition and verification circuit 12 under the state further uses a synchronization head Perform encoding verification; if verification fails, return to [the previous page]. state. The operating current in this state is approximately 500 μA, and the duration is approximately 0.8 ms. Combined with... - This state ensures that the total false wake-up probability is only about This avoids consuming power due to accidental wake-up.

[0090] In addition, the wake-up state is specifically divided into:

[0091] The ready state is called state, If the verification is successful, proceed to the next state. state, The control module 13 wakes up the encoding module 14, sensor module 17 and beacon ultrasonic transmitter 15, generates encoded information, and completes the preparation for the second signal transmission. The operating current is 500μA, and the launch preparation time is approximately 2ms.

[0092] The emission state is called state, After completing the preparation for the second signal transmission in the current state, it will automatically enter [the next state]. In this state, the beacon ultrasonic transmitter 15 completes the transmission of the second signal and automatically returns to its original position after transmission. state. The operating current is approximately 20mA, and the transmission time is approximately 10ms.

[0093] In addition, the transition time between each state is approximately 0.01ms.

[0094] Preferably, in this invention, in If no ultrasonic signal is detected, the system will not switch to [a specific state]. In the case of state, then state and Periodic changes between states The duration of the state can be set to the period of the first signal broadcast by the aforementioned acoustic transceiver 2. Same, to ensure in During the duration of the state, if there is an acoustic transceiver 2 nearby broadcasting the first signal, it will definitely be received, thus avoiding missed detection. The duration of the state can be, for example, 1 minute. For 1 second, The duration of the state is 1 second. That is, each round of the triggered beacon 1... After 1 minute of deep sleep, it will enter a state of deep hibernation. The state attempts to monitor the first signal in each round. If no first signal is detected after 1 second in the current state, it returns to deep sleep. state.

[0095] exist Once an ultrasonic signal is detected, if subsequent... Matching fails in this state or If the verification fails in this state, it means that the first signal was still not detected, and then returns... state, due to state and The duration of the state (approximately 0.8 ms) is relative to The duration of the state (1 second) is extremely short, in which case it returns. No need to reset the timer after a state; it is still considered the same round. The state remains unchanged for the previous duration until 1 second is reached. If state and All states passed, indicating that the first signal has been detected, and the process proceeds. , state, After transmitting the second signal in the current state, it will automatically return to normal. When the first signal is detected again within 1 second, the second signal is transmitted again. In this way, when aquatic organisms reach the tracking area near the acoustic transceiver 2, the trigger beacon 1 can transmit the second signal approximately every 1 second, allowing the acoustic transceiver 2 to collect enough data. Once the aquatic organisms have moved away from the area and the first signal can no longer be detected, the trigger beacon 1 enters deep sleep mode to reduce power consumption.

[0096] In this way, the trigger beacon 1 operates at low power for most of the time, transmitting a second signal only for a very short period of time. Its annual energy consumption is extremely low. When the trigger beacon 1 is in an area without monitoring coverage for a long time, its energy consumption is far lower than that of conventional ultrasonic beacons.

[0097] In addition to waking up the trigger beacon 1, the first signal transmitted by acoustic transceiver 2 may also contain some control information. For example, as mentioned earlier, the period of the first signal broadcast by acoustic transceiver 2 is... It can be automatically adjusted (e.g., if the base cycle is 1 second, it can be automatically adjusted between 0.5 and 2 seconds); then After being adjusted, the first signal can contain corresponding adjustment information, so that after the trigger beacon 1 receives the first signal, its subsequent... The duration of the state is also automatically adjusted accordingly to match... same.

[0098] Understandably, the acoustic transceiver 2 can estimate the distance to the trigger beacon based on the time of sending the first signal and the time of receiving the second signal. Furthermore, key observation areas can be selected within the water body, and multiple acoustic transceivers 2 can be deployed within these areas. This allows the location of aquatic organisms to be estimated through the combined action of the multiple acoustic transceivers 2 once they enter the area.

[0099] Reference Figure 2 As shown, another aspect of the present invention provides a passively awakened aquatic organism beacon tracking method based on ultrasound, employing the aforementioned passively awakened aquatic organism beacon system based on ultrasound, and including the following steps:

[0100] S1, Configure the trigger beacon 1 for aquatic organisms and configure the acoustic transceiver 2 in the target water body;

[0101] S2, Acoustic transceiver 2 broadcasts the first signal into the water at a preset frequency;

[0102] S3, when an aquatic organism equipped with trigger beacon 1 enters the signal coverage area of ​​the monitoring station, trigger beacon 1 detects the first signal and verifies the signal;

[0103] S4, after the signal verification is successful, the trigger beacon 1 switches from the silent state to the wake-up state. In the wake-up state, the trigger beacon 1 transmits the second signal.

[0104] S5, the acoustic transceiver 2 receives the second signal, completes signal analysis, and uploads the relevant information to the data center 3.

[0105] In summary, the ultrasonic-based passive wake-up aquatic organism beacon system and tracking method provided by this invention addresses the core shortcomings of existing technologies, such as high power consumption and short battery life due to continuous active transmission. This invention fundamentally eliminates ineffective transmission energy consumption by changing the marker's working mode from "continuous active transmission" to "silent when not awakened by the first signal, and only awakened and responding upon receiving a specific instruction." With the same or smaller battery configuration, the theoretical working time of the marker is extended from the current 1-2 years to 5-7 years or even longer. This enables continuous monitoring of the entire life cycle or key multi-year stages of fish with long-period migratory habits (such as the Chinese sturgeon) and various aquatic organisms, providing unprecedented long-term data support for species conservation.

[0106] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A passive aquatic organism beacon system based on ultrasound, characterized in that, This includes acoustic transceivers, triggered beacons, and data centers; The acoustic transceiver is used to broadcast an ultrasonic wake-up signal into the water, referred to as the first signal; The trigger beacon is fixed to an aquatic organism. The trigger beacon is in a silent state when it is not awakened by the first signal. When the silent trigger beacon receives the first signal, it is awakened and emits an ultrasonic signal carrying coded information, which is called the second signal. The acoustic transceiver is also used to receive a second signal, and after completing the signal analysis, it uploads the relevant information to the data center.

2. The ultrasonic-based passive awakening aquatic organism beacon system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acoustic transceiver specifically includes: The main control module is used to control the timing and logic of the acoustic transceiver; An ultrasonic transmitter is used to broadcast a first signal according to a preset timing sequence; An ultrasonic receiver is used to receive a second signal; The signal processing and decoding module is used to filter, amplify, and decode the received second signal to complete signal analysis. A wireless communication module is used to upload the relevant information after signal analysis to the data center; The power module, which can be AC ​​power, a battery, or a solar panel, is used to provide continuous power to the acoustic transceiver.

3. The ultrasonic-based passive awakening aquatic organism beacon system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The trigger-type beacon specifically includes: Beacon ultrasonic receiver, used to monitor ultrasonic signals in water; The signal recognition and verification circuit is used to perform feature analysis on the ultrasonic signal detected by the beacon ultrasonic receiver and verify whether it belongs to the first signal that meets the requirements. If it does, the verification is successful. The control module is used to control the timing and logic of the trigger beacon, including the switching between the silent state and the wake-up state; Encoding module: Used to generate encoded information containing the unique ID of the trigger beacon when the beacon is awake; A beacon ultrasonic transmitter is used to transmit a second signal when the device is awake. A miniature battery powers the entire trigger beacon.

4. The ultrasonic-based passive awakening aquatic organism beacon system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The trigger-type beacon also includes a sensor module, which is used to sleep in a silent state and collect relevant information in a wake-up state. The encoded information generated by the encoding module also includes information collected by the sensor module.

5. The ultrasonic-based passive awakening aquatic organism beacon system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The period of the first broadcast signal of the acoustic transceiver is adjusted by the following formula: ； in, Let f represent the base period, and f be the adjustment function that varies with the season and time period.

6. The ultrasonic-based passive awakening aquatic organism beacon system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The frequency of the first signal The frequency of the second signal And satisfy: ； in , These are the bandwidths of the first and second signals, respectively. To protect the frequency band.

7. The ultrasonic-based passive awakening aquatic organism beacon system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The encoding structure of the first signal Represented as: ； in To fix the synchronization head, For the identification of the monitoring station, For parity checking; The coding structure of the second signal Represented as: ； in For preamble, As a unique identifier for the beacon, For sensor data, For CRC check.

8. The ultrasonic-based passive awakening aquatic organism beacon system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The silent state of the triggered beacon is specifically divided into: Deep sleep state, also known as state, Only the real-time clock of the control module is working in this state; Shallow dormancy state, also known as state, When the real-time clock reaches the preset time point, the control module wakes up the beacon ultrasonic receiver to enter [the following state]. state, The system monitors ultrasonic signals in the water under certain conditions, performing energy threshold detection. If the received signal energy exceeds a preset threshold, it is considered that an ultrasonic signal has been detected. If no ultrasonic signal is detected within a preset time, the system returns to normal. state; The recognition state is called state, If an ultrasonic signal is detected in the state, then enter state, The control module in this state wakes up the signal recognition and verification circuit to perform frequency matching. During frequency matching, the peak frequency of the ultrasonic signal is detected. Combined with the preset reference frequency ,like If the value is less than the preset threshold, the match is successful; otherwise, the match fails and the process returns to the previous state. state; The verification state is called state, If a match is successful in the current state, then proceed to the next state. state, The signal recognition and verification circuit under these conditions further uses a synchronization head. Perform encoding verification; if verification fails, return to [the previous page]. state; In addition, the wake-up state is specifically divided into: The ready state is called state, If the verification is successful, proceed to the next state. state, In this state, the control module wakes up the encoding module, sensor module, and beacon ultrasonic transmitter, generates encoded information, and completes preparation for the second signal transmission. The emission state is called state, After completing the preparation for the second signal transmission in the current state, it will automatically enter [the next state]. In this state, the beacon ultrasonic transmitter completes the transmission of the second signal and automatically returns to its original position. state.

9. A passive awakening aquatic organism beacon tracking method based on ultrasound, characterized in that, The passive aquatic organism beacon system based on ultrasound, as described in any one of claims 1-8, includes the following steps: S1, configure trigger beacons for aquatic organisms and configure acoustic transceivers for the target water body; S2, the acoustic transceiver broadcasts the first signal into the water at a preset frequency; S3, when an aquatic organism equipped with a trigger beacon enters the signal coverage area of ​​the monitoring station, the trigger beacon detects the first signal and verifies the signal; S4. After the signal verification is successful, the trigger beacon switches from the silent state to the wake-up state. In the wake-up state, the trigger beacon transmits a second signal. S5, the acoustic transceiver receives the second signal, completes signal analysis, and uploads the relevant information to the data center.

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