A perovskite quantum dot optical device control system based on temperature compensation

Abstract

The application is particularly a perovskite quantum dot optical device control system based on temperature compensation, and relates to the technical field of perovskite photoelectric device control, comprising: a perovskite optical parameter acquisition module; a thermal hysteresis state dynamic determination module; an asymmetric temperature compensation calculation module; a bidirectional thermoelectric drive execution module; and a light-heat synergistic feedback module.In the application, the thermal hysteresis state dynamic determination module identifies the thermodynamic path and hysteresis state of the perovskite quantum dot device, retains the historical trajectory information of the device thermal process, and solves the temperature compensation direction and amplitude deviation problem caused by the inherent thermal hysteresis effect of the perovskite material; at the same time, an asymmetric thermal hysteresis physical phenomenological model suitable for the soft lattice characteristics of the perovskite material is constructed, corresponding nonlinear description equations are matched for different thermodynamic paths, and a high-speed numerical iteration algorithm is combined to realize the solution of the target compensation temperature.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of perovskite optoelectronic device control technology, and in particular to a temperature-compensated perovskite quantum dot optical device control system. Background Technology

[0002] Perovskite quantum dots (PDOs) possess excellent optoelectronic properties, such as narrow emission spectra, high quantum yield, continuously tunable emission wavelength, and strong solution processability, showing great promise for applications in novel displays, semiconductor lighting, micro / nano lasers, single-photon sources, and biofluorescence imaging. However, PDOs are mostly soft lattice structures with organic-inorganic hybrids, exhibiting strong electron-phonon coupling effects. Their core optical properties, such as emission center wavelength, emission intensity, and quantum yield, are extremely sensitive to operating temperature. When the device operating temperature increases, a significant thermal quenching effect occurs, resulting in a substantial decrease in emission intensity. Simultaneously, lattice expansion leads to a narrowing of the band gap, causing a redshift in the emission spectrum. Conversely, a blueshift occurs when the temperature decreases, severely affecting the device's performance and parameter consistency.

[0003] In existing technologies, temperature control for perovskite optoelectronic devices often employs conventional PID temperature control chambers or semiconductor coolers combined with single-loop PID control schemes. These schemes treat temperature as a scalar parameter without memory effect, assuming that the optical performance of the devices is completely consistent at the same absolute temperature. However, actual research shows that perovskite quantum dot materials exhibit a highly significant thermal hysteresis effect: Even at the same absolute temperature, the optical parameters of a device, such as its central emission wavelength and luminous intensity, differ significantly during the heating and cooling processes. This creates a closed hysteresis loop in phase space between the heating and cooling curves. Traditional temperature control schemes completely ignore this thermal hysteresis effect and cannot identify the current thermodynamic path branch of the device, leading to deviations in the direction and magnitude of temperature compensation and preventing high-precision locking of optical parameters.

[0004] Furthermore, existing control schemes rely solely on temperature regulation to compensate for optical parameter drift, neglecting the irreversible photobleaching and thermal degradation of perovskite quantum dots during long-term operation caused by high-energy light exposure and continuous thermal stress. When irreversible aging of the device leads to a decrease in luminous intensity, traditional control systems may misinterpret this as excessively high temperatures, resulting in the unrestricted reduction of the target temperature. This can ultimately cause the thermoelectric cooler to burn out due to prolonged full-load overload, or even condensation due to the device surface temperature falling below the ambient dew point, leading to hydrolytic failure of the perovskite material and permanent device damage, resulting in extremely poor system reliability.

[0005] Therefore, developing a control system for perovskite quantum dot optical devices that can identify thermal hysteresis effects, achieve asymmetric and precise temperature compensation, and combine photothermal synergistic regulation with all-dimensional safety protection has become an urgent technical problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a temperature-compensated control system for perovskite quantum dot optical devices in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A temperature-compensated control system for perovskite quantum dot optical devices includes: The perovskite optical parameter acquisition module is used to obtain the center emission wavelength, peak luminescence intensity, and real-time physical temperature of perovskite quantum dot optical devices. The thermal hysteresis state dynamic determination module is used to calculate the temperature change rate based on the real-time physical temperature, and combine it with a preset threshold to determine the thermal hysteresis state of the device, generating a hysteresis state feature vector that includes the real-time physical temperature, center emission wavelength, peak luminous intensity, temperature change rate, and thermal hysteresis state. The asymmetric temperature compensation calculation module is used to calculate the target compensation temperature by calling the corresponding asymmetric thermal hysteresis physical phenomenological model based on the hysteresis state feature vector, the preset target center emission wavelength and the target peak emission intensity. The bidirectional thermoelectric drive execution module is used to dynamically switch the parameters of the asymmetric proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm according to the sign of the deviation between the target compensation temperature and the real-time physical temperature, and output a pulse width modulation signal to drive the thermoelectric cooler to regulate the temperature of the device. The photothermal feedback module is used to adjust the output power of the excitation source when the central emission wavelength is stable and the peak luminescence intensity is lower than the target value, and to limit the target compensation temperature according to the dew point temperature.

[0008] Preferably, the perovskite optical parameter acquisition module spatially separates the excitation light path and the fluorescence light path using a dichroic mirror, and acquires the dark current baseline vector when the excitation source is turned off; In practical work, the dark current baseline vector is subtracted pixel by pixel from the acquired original spectral vector, and a polynomial smoothing filtering algorithm is used for noise reduction. Then, the center emission wavelength and the peak emission intensity are extracted by a nonlinear curve fitting algorithm.

[0009] Preferably, the thermal hysteresis state dynamic determination module constructs a first-in-first-out circular buffer in memory, sets a time sliding window, calculates the linear regression slope of temperature with respect to time within the time sliding window using the least squares method, and uses the linear regression slope as the temperature change rate to filter out high-frequency quantization noise in the temperature signal.

[0010] Preferably, the thermal hysteresis state includes a primary heating state, a primary cooling state, a thermal steady state, and a secondary reversal state; The thermal hysteresis state dynamic determination module introduces dual threshold anti-shake logic. When the temperature change rate is continuously greater than a positive preset temperature change rate threshold, it is determined to be the main heating state. When the temperature change rate is continuously less than a negative preset temperature change rate threshold, it is determined to be the main cooling state; When the absolute value of the temperature change rate is less than or equal to the preset temperature change rate threshold and continues for a preset time window, it is determined to be the thermal steady state. When the sign of the temperature change rate changes abruptly and exceeds the preset temperature change rate threshold, it is determined to be the secondary reversal state, and the physical temperature of the reversal point and the emission wavelength of the center of the reversal point at the instant of reversal are recorded in the non-volatile memory.

[0011] Preferably, in the asymmetric temperature compensation calculation module: The physical phenomenological model of asymmetric thermal hysteresis includes the equations of the main heating boundary curve, the main cooling boundary curve, and the internal trajectory equation of the secondary reversal. When in the main heating state or the main cooling state, the asymmetric temperature compensation calculation module calls the main heating boundary curve equation or the main cooling boundary curve equation respectively. When in the secondary reversal state, the asymmetric temperature compensation calculation module calls the internal trajectory equation of the secondary reversal and uses the physical temperature of the reversal point and the emission wavelength of the center of the reversal point as initial boundary conditions to calculate the theoretical center emission wavelength that approximates the opposite boundary curve.

[0012] Preferably, it further includes: A numerical iterative algorithm is adopted, using the real-time physical temperature as the initial guess value for iteration. The algorithm is combined with the emission wavelength of the target center and the first derivative of the asymmetric thermal hysteresis physical phenomenological model to solve in reverse. The iteration stops when the absolute value of the temperature difference between two consecutive iterations is less than the preset convergence condition. The final iteration result is taken as the target compensation temperature.

[0013] Preferably, the bidirectional thermoelectric drive execution module adopts a full-bridge power drive circuit and injects dead time into the hardware gate driver; The bidirectional thermoelectric drive execution module determines whether to perform a cooling operation or a heating operation based on the sign of the deviation between the target compensation temperature and the real-time physical temperature. When performing the cooling operation, the cooling parameter group is invoked to overcome Joule thermal resistance, and when performing the heating operation, the heating parameter group is invoked to suppress temperature overshoot caused by Joule thermal assistance, thereby realizing the dynamic switching of the parameters of the asymmetric proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm.

[0014] Preferably, the photothermal co-feedback module constructs a dual-timescale decoupled control architecture, including a fast thermodynamic inner loop and a slow optical outer loop; The rapid thermodynamic inner ring is used to perform temperature compensation to stabilize the center emission wavelength; The slow-speed optical outer ring is used to monitor the long-term decay trend of the peak luminous intensity, and when irreversible intensity decay is determined, incremental discrete control logic with feedforward compensation is used to adjust the output power of the excitation source, wherein the temperature change rate is used as a power feedforward compensation term to offset the transient impact of drastic temperature changes on luminous intensity.

[0015] Preferably, it further includes: The ambient temperature and relative humidity are obtained through an external temperature and humidity sensor, and the dew point temperature of the current environment is calculated in real time. The photothermal synergistic feedback module mandates that the target compensation temperature is always greater than the sum of the dew point temperature and the preset safety margin; If the calculated target compensation temperature is lower than the safety threshold, the target temperature command is forcibly truncated, and the optical parameters are compensated entirely by adjusting the output power of the excitation source.

[0016] Preferably, it further includes: Set up multi-dimensional physical safety boundaries and monitor the real-time physical temperature. If the real-time physical temperature exceeds the maximum safe temperature or falls below the minimum safe temperature, the drive current of the thermoelectric cooler will be cut off through hardware interruption. Simultaneously, the square of the drive current is continuously integrated over time to calculate the real-time thermal power consumption accumulation. When the real-time thermal power consumption accumulation exceeds a preset safety threshold, the maximum duty cycle limit of the pulse width modulation signal is automatically reduced, forcing the system to enter a derating operation mode.

[0017] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention identifies the thermodynamic path and hysteresis state of perovskite quantum dot devices through a dynamic determination module for thermal hysteresis state, retains the historical trajectory information of the device's thermal process, and addresses the problem of temperature compensation direction and amplitude deviation caused by the inherent thermal hysteresis effect of perovskite materials. At the same time, it constructs an asymmetric thermal hysteresis physical phenomenological model adapted to the soft lattice characteristics of perovskite materials, matches the corresponding nonlinear description equations for different thermodynamic paths, and combines a high-speed numerical iterative algorithm to solve for the target compensation temperature.

[0018] 2. This invention achieves photothermal synergistic compensation by dynamically adjusting the excitation power, avoiding the risk of device overload caused by unlimited cooling due to misjudgment of performance degradation in traditional solutions. At the same time, it sets up multi-level physical safety boundaries, constructing a full-link safety guarantee mechanism from three dimensions: absolute temperature limit protection, anti-condensation dynamic dew point protection, and cooler power integral overload protection. This addresses fatal risks such as thermal runaway, material hydrolysis, and device burnout from the root, improving the long-term operational stability and service life of perovskite quantum dot optical devices. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Further details, features, and advantages of this application are disclosed in the following description of exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a system structure diagram of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Several embodiments of this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings to enable those skilled in the art to implement this application. This application may be embodied in many different forms and for various purposes and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. These embodiments are provided to make this application thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of this application to those skilled in the art. The embodiments described do not limit this application.

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. It will be further understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries shall be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the relevant field and / or the context of this specification, and shall not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly defined herein.

[0022] Example 1 Its specific implementation method is combined with the appendix Figure 1 Please provide a detailed explanation.

[0023] Appendix Figure 1 This invention provides a block diagram of a temperature-compensated perovskite quantum dot optical device control system, showing the connection between the perovskite optical parameter acquisition module and the photothermal collaborative feedback module, and annotating the main functional interaction flow of each module.

[0024] In this embodiment, it includes: The perovskite optical parameter acquisition module is used to obtain the center emission wavelength, peak luminescence intensity, and real-time physical temperature of perovskite quantum dot optical devices. The core function of this module is to acquire, in real time, with high precision and low noise, the emission spectrum data, emission intensity data, and real-time physical temperature of the device substrate of the perovskite quantum dot optical device under the current working state.

[0025] This module's hardware architecture includes an excitation source subunit, an optical path transmission and shaping subunit, a high-resolution spectral detection subunit, and a high-precision temperature sensing subunit. First, the excitation source subunit employs a continuous-wave (CW) semiconductor laser with a center wavelength of 405 nanometers. To ensure absolute stability of the excitation light power and wavelength, the laser integrates an independent miniature thermoelectric cooler (TEC) and a thermistor, strictly locking its die temperature at 25 degrees Celsius. The original divergent excitation light output from this laser first undergoes spatial shaping through a beam collimator composed of two aspherical lenses, converting the divergent beam into a parallel beam with a divergence angle of less than 0.5 milliradians.

[0026] The parallel beam of light is then incident on a dichroic mirror placed at a 45-degree angle. The surface of the dichroic mirror is coated with a multilayer dielectric interference film with a cutoff wavelength precisely set at 450 nanometers. This film design allows excitation light at 405 nanometers to pass through the dichroic mirror with a transmittance of more than 98%, while exhibiting a reflectance of more than 99% for visible light greater than 450 nanometers.

[0027] The excitation light passing through the dichroic mirror enters a plan achromatic objective with a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.65 and a working distance of 4 mm. This objective can eliminate spherical aberration and chromatic aberration, and highly focus the excitation light onto the surface of the light-emitting thin film of the perovskite quantum dot optical device, forming an extremely small excitation spot with a diameter of about 50 micrometers, thereby achieving extremely high excitation power density.

[0028] When perovskite quantum dots are excited by high-energy photons, their internal electrons transition from the valence band to the conduction band, subsequently generating stimulated emission fluorescence through radiative recombination. Due to the isotropic luminescence properties of perovskite materials, the fluorescence is scattered in all directions of three-dimensional space. Among them, the backscattered fluorescence (i.e., light returning in the opposite direction to the incident excitation light) is collected with extremely high efficiency by the same flat-field achromatic objective lens and converted back into a parallel beam.

[0029] When the parallel beam reaches the dichroic mirror again, the fluorescence wavelength emitted by the perovskite quantum dots (e.g., 520 nm green light or 630 nm red light) is significantly greater than the 450 nm cutoff wavelength of the dichroic mirror. The fluorescence is reflected by the dichroic mirror at a 90-degree angle with high reflectivity, thus achieving spatial physical separation from the transmitted excitation light path and greatly reducing the background interference of the excitation light on fluorescence detection.

[0030] The reflected fluorescence enters a plano-convex focusing lens with a focal length of 50 mm and is precisely coupled into a multimode UV-resistant silica optical fiber with a core diameter of 600 micrometers and a numerical aperture of 0.22. The input end face of the fiber is equipped with a standard SMA905 connector and undergoes ultra-precision polishing to reduce end face reflection loss.

[0031] The other end of the optical fiber is connected to a high-resolution miniature fiber optic spectrometer. The spectrometer employs a Cherny-Turner cross-asymmetric optical path design, including an entrance slit, a collimating spherical mirror, a blazed grating, a focusing spherical mirror, and a detector. To reduce thermal noise, the spectrometer incorporates a 2048-pixel linear charge-coupled device (CCD) detector, which is forcibly cooled to -20 degrees Celsius by a semiconductor thermoelectric cooler, resulting in a two-order-of-magnitude reduction in dark current noise.

[0032] This spectrometer boasts an optical resolution of 0.1 nanometers, enabling the conversion of weak optical signals into high signal-to-noise ratio electrical signals. Simultaneously, four Class A high-precision platinum resistance temperature sensors (PT1000) are tightly mounted on the back of the aluminum nitride high thermal conductivity substrate of the perovskite quantum dot optical device. These four sensors are symmetrically distributed in a cross shape at the center of the four quadrants of the substrate to comprehensively monitor the temperature distribution of the large-area device.

[0033] To eliminate contact thermal resistance, a nano-silver thermal grease with a thermal conductivity greater than eight watts per meter (W / m·K) was applied between the sensor and the substrate. The analog resistance signals from the four sensors were connected to a 24-bit high-precision Sigma-Delta architecture analog-to-digital converter (ADC) via a standard four-wire Kelvin connection (two wires provide a constant excitation current, and the other two measure the voltage drop). The four-wire connection eliminates measurement errors caused by wire and contact resistance. The ADC internally uses a Sinc3 digital filter to acquire the device's real-time physical temperature at a 50 Hz output data rate.

[0034] Although the raw electrical signal output by the spectrometer has undergone hardware noise reduction, it still contains ambient stray light background noise and residual detector dark current noise. Rigorous mathematical preprocessing is necessary to extract accurate and reliable optical parameters. The built-in digital signal processing (DSP) logic in this module is as follows: Dark current and background light subtraction are performed. During system initialization, the excitation source is turned off, and the spectrometer continuously acquires fifty frames of background spectral data. The microprocessor calculates the arithmetic mean and variance of these fifty frames of data at each pixel.

[0035] If the variance is within a reasonable range, a dark current baseline vector is generated. In actual operation, the dark current baseline vector needs to be subtracted pixel by pixel from each frame of the original spectral vector acquired by the spectrometer.

[0036] Secondly, spectral smoothing and denoising are performed. A Savitzky-Gore polynomial smoothing filtering algorithm based on the least squares method is used to process the spectral data after dark current subtraction. The sliding window width is set to fifteen data points, and the polynomial fitting order is third. The essence of this algorithm is to use a polynomial to locally fit the data within the window. It can effectively filter out high-frequency random white noise while preserving the width, peak value, and asymmetry characteristics of the perovskite emission peaks, without causing topological distortion of the spectral signal.

[0037] The smoothed spectral data is represented as a discrete function of wavelength and emission intensity. To accurately obtain the central emission wavelength and peak emission intensity of the perovskite quantum dots, this module employs a Gaussian nonlinear curve fitting algorithm to fit the main spectral peak. The fitting formula is defined as: ; In this formula, Indicates the wavelength of the independent variable The luminous intensity at that location; The peak luminescence intensity obtained from the fitting is represented by this parameter, which directly reflects the current luminescence efficiency and quantum yield of the perovskite quantum dot and is the core indicator for judging whether thermal quenching has occurred. The value represents the center emission wavelength obtained from the fitting. This parameter is used to characterize the bandgap change (i.e., blue shift or red shift) caused by lattice expansion or contraction of perovskite materials under temperature stress. The standard deviation of the Gaussian function is directly related to the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the spectrum; This represents the residual baseline offset. To solve the above nonlinear equations, this module employs the Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear least squares optimization algorithm.

[0038] First, by finding the maximum point in the discrete spectral data as... and The initial guess value is then calculated. The Jacobian matrix is ​​then calculated, and a dynamic damping factor is introduced for iterative solution. Iteration stops when the difference between the sums of squared residuals of two consecutive iterations is less than 10 to the power of negative 6, or when the maximum number of iterations (e.g., fifty) is reached, and the current center emission wavelength is output. and peak luminous intensity .

[0039] Simultaneously, the microprocessor calculates the arithmetic average of the temperature values ​​collected by the four PT1000 temperature sensors to obtain the current global real-time physical temperature of the device. These three core data points ( , , The data will be packaged and sent to the next module at an ultra-high refresh rate of 1 kilohertz.

[0040] The thermal hysteresis state dynamic determination module is connected to the perovskite optical parameter acquisition module. It is used to calculate the temperature change rate based on the real-time physical temperature, and determine the thermal hysteresis state of the device by combining the preset threshold. It generates a hysteresis state feature vector that includes real-time physical temperature, center emission wavelength, peak luminous intensity, temperature change rate and thermal hysteresis state. Existing temperature control systems (such as conventional PID temperature control chambers) typically treat temperature as a scalar with no memory effect, which means they mistakenly assume that the optical performance of devices is completely consistent under the same physical temperature.

[0041] However, perovskite quantum dot materials (such as CsPbBr3) exhibit a highly significant "thermal hysteresis effect" due to their unique organic-inorganic hybrid soft lattice characteristics, strong electron-phonon coupling mechanism, and dynamic trapping / releasing process of surface defect states. Specifically, the central emission wavelength and luminescence intensity are absolutely unequal, even at the same absolute temperature (e.g., 50 degrees Celsius), during the heating process from 20 degrees Celsius to 80 degrees Celsius and during the cooling process from 80 degrees Celsius to 20 degrees Celsius. The heating and cooling curves form a broad, closed hysteresis loop in phase space.

[0042] If the control system cannot identify which branch of the hysteresis loop it is currently in, it cannot perform accurate temperature compensation. The function of this module is to dynamically determine the current thermal hysteresis state of the device through rigorous physical logic and mathematical differentiation.

[0043] To determine whether the device is in a heating branch, a cooling branch, or a steady state, this module first needs to process the real-time physical temperature input from the previous module. Perform high-precision differential calculations to obtain the rate of temperature change.

[0044] Since the actual temperature signal inevitably contains slight quantization noise and electromagnetic interference, if a simple difference operation is performed directly on two adjacent sampling points (i.e., the latter term minus the former term divided by the time difference), it will cause severe glitches in the differential signal, resulting in frequent false triggering of the state determination logic.

[0045] Therefore, this module uses a linear regression slope method based on historical time windows to calculate the rate of temperature change. A first-in, first-out (FIFO) circular buffer is allocated in the microprocessor's memory, with a length of [missing information]. Time sliding window (e.g.) (Equals one hundred, corresponding to a time span of one hundred milliseconds). At the current moment... The window contains a sequence of temperature data. to The corresponding time series is to The slope of the linear regression of temperature with respect to time within this time window is calculated using the least squares method; this slope represents the current rate of temperature change. .

[0046] The calculation formula is: ; In this formula, The length of the window; It is a time series; The physical temperature at the corresponding time; The unit is degrees Celsius per second (°C / s). Through this linear regression slope method, the system can capture the minute macroscopic changes in device temperature with extreme smoothness and sensitivity, filtering out high-frequency noise and providing an absolutely reliable input for subsequent state determination.

[0047] Obtain the rate of temperature change Subsequently, this module constructs a finite state machine with four discrete states to accurately describe the thermal hysteresis physical process of perovskite quantum dots.

[0048] These four states are: primary heating state (state identifier is positive one), primary cooling state (state identifier is negative one), thermal steady state (state identifier is zero), and secondary reversal state (state identifier is two).

[0049] The core logic of state determination relies on a preset temperature change rate threshold. (For example, set to 0.05 degrees Celsius per second) and historical state memory. To prevent frequent state switching (i.e., state machine oscillation) near the threshold, this module introduces Schmitt trigger-type dual-threshold debouncing logic.

[0050] The first scenario: when the calculated rate of temperature change... Greater than positive When the duration exceeds ten milliseconds, it indicates that the device is continuously absorbing heat, and the lattice is in a dynamic process of continuous expansion. At this time, the system determines that the device has entered the "main heating state" (+1). In this state, the exciton binding energy of the perovskite quantum dots gradually decreases, a large number of nonradiative recombination centers are activated, the luminescence intensity decays rapidly along the lower edge trajectory of the hysteresis loop, and the wavelength undergoes a redshift.

[0051] The second scenario: when the calculated rate of temperature change... Less than negative When the duration exceeds ten milliseconds, it indicates that the device is dissipating heat to the outside world, and the lattice is in a dynamic process of continuous contraction. At this time, the system determines that the device has entered the "main cooling state" (-1). In this state, lattice defects are gradually frozen, and the luminescence intensity gradually recovers along the upper edge trajectory of the hysteresis loop. Due to the delay in lattice relaxation time, the luminescence intensity during cooling is usually significantly higher than that during heating at the same temperature.

[0052] The third scenario: when the rate of temperature change... The absolute value is less than or equal to When this state lasts for more than a preset steady-state determination time window (e.g., two seconds), it indicates that the heat generation and heat dissipation inside the device have reached a dynamic balance. At this time, the system determines that the device has entered a "thermal steady state" (0). In the thermal steady state, lattice deformation stops, and optical parameters no longer undergo macroscopic drift over time.

[0053] The fourth scenario: This is the most complex and easily overlooked scenario by existing technologies, namely the "secondary inversion state" (2). When the device was originally in the "main heating state", but due to a sudden change in the external environment or a change in control commands, the temperature begins to drop (i.e., Changes from positive to negative, and is less than negative. At this point, the device's optical parameters do not immediately jump to the "primary cooling state" trajectory, but instead form a secondary scan curve (minor loop) within the hysteresis loop. Similarly, a sudden transition from cooling to heating will also produce a secondary scan curve. This module monitors... The system precisely captures this reversal by altering the symbol and combining it with the state flag from the previous moment. Once a reversal occurs, the system determines that it has entered a "secondary reversal state" and immediately records the physical temperature at the moment of reversal in non-volatile memory. and center emission wavelength These two parameters will serve as the key initial boundary conditions for subsequent asymmetric compensation calculations.

[0054] After completing the state determination, this module packages all key information at the current moment into a high-dimensional hysteresis state feature vector. This feature vector contains the following elements: current physical temperature. Current center transmission wavelength Current peak luminous intensity Current temperature change rate Current status identifier (positive one, negative one, zero or two), and reversal point memory parameters ( and If the current state is not in a secondary inversion state, these two parameters are assigned a specific null value identifier.

[0055] This feature vector, which contains rich memories of physical processes, will serve as an absolutely reliable data source and be transmitted in real time to the "asymmetric temperature compensation calculation module," thereby breaking the technical blind spot in traditional PID control that "only looks at the current temperature difference and not the historical trajectory."

[0056] The asymmetric temperature compensation calculation module is connected to the thermal hysteresis state dynamic determination module. It is used to call the corresponding asymmetric thermal hysteresis physical phenomenological model to calculate the target compensation temperature based on the hysteresis state feature vector, the preset target center emission wavelength and the target peak emission intensity. This module is the "computing brain" of the entire control system. Its core task is to receive the high-dimensional hysteresis state feature vector output from the "thermal hysteresis state dynamic determination module" and, in combination with the user-preset perovskite quantum dot target optical parameters (i.e., the desired constant central emission wavelength and the desired constant peak emission intensity), calculate the "target compensation temperature" that the system needs to reach at the current moment by solving the asymmetric physical phenomenological model.

[0057] The system first reads the preset target center emission wavelength from the microprocessor's internal non-volatile register. and target peak luminescence intensity These two parameters represent the baseline performance of the optical device under ideal operating conditions (e.g., factory calibration). When the actual center emission wavelength at the current moment is received... and actual peak luminous intensity Next, this module first calculates the real-time deviation of the optical parameters. The wavelength deviation is defined as follows: The luminous intensity decay rate is defined as Because the band gap of perovskite quantum dots is extremely sensitive to temperature changes, wavelength deviation... It is the core variable that drives the direction of temperature compensation.

[0058] when When the value is greater than zero (a redshift occurs), it usually means that the lattice has expanded due to heat, the band gap has narrowed, and cooling compensation is required; when When the value is less than zero (a blue shift occurs), it usually indicates excessive lattice shrinkage and a widening of the band gap, requiring temperature compensation. However, due to the aforementioned thermal hysteresis effect, the absolute value of the compensation temperature cannot be determined solely by the deviation amount; an asymmetric hysteresis physical model must be introduced for accurate mapping.

[0059] To accurately describe the wavelength-temperature response of perovskite quantum dots under different thermodynamic paths, this module internally constructs an asymmetric phenomenological mathematical model based on an improvement of the Presach hysteresis theory. This model consists of three different sets of nonlinear transcendental equations, corresponding to the main heating boundary, the main cooling boundary, and the secondary reversal internal trajectory, respectively.

[0060] The first set of equations: the main heating boundary curve equation. This equation is invoked when the state flag passed from the "Dynamic Determination Module for Thermal Hysteresis" is "Positive One" (main heating state). During the main heating process, the wavelength exhibits a nonlinear growth with saturation characteristics as it changes with temperature. Its mathematical expression is defined as: ; In this formula, This indicates that under the main heating state, the physical temperature is... The theoretical center emission wavelength at that time; This indicates that perovskite quantum dots are at an absolute reference temperature. The initial center emission wavelength (usually set at a standard room temperature of 20 degrees Celsius); It represents the nonlinear expansion coefficient during the heating process, reflecting the rapid response amplitude of the soft lattice in the initial stage of heating; This represents the characteristic temperature constant for heating, used to characterize the decay rate of the nonlinear response (note: here...). (The unit is temperature, not time). It represents the linear thermo-optic coefficient in the high-temperature region and characterizes the linear drift rate after the crystal lattice has fully expanded.

[0061] The second set of equations: the main cooling boundary curve equation. This equation is invoked by the system when the state is "negative one" (main cooling state). Due to the delayed effect of lattice relaxation, the cooling curve lies above the heating curve in phase space. Its mathematical expression is defined as: ; In this formula, This indicates that under the main cooling state, the physical temperature is... The theoretical center emission wavelength at that time; , , These are the nonlinear contraction coefficient, the characteristic temperature constant of cooling, and the linear thermo-optic coefficient of cooling, respectively, corresponding to the cooling process. This represents the global maximum hysteresis wavelength difference formed at the highest operating temperature. Due to the asymmetry of the physical process, Usually not equal to Furthermore, due to slower cooling relaxation, Typically significantly greater than .

[0062] The third set of equations: the internal trajectory equations for secondary reversal. This is the most complex computational part of this module. When the state is marked as "two" (secondary reversal state), the optical response of the device does not follow either the main heating curve or the main cooling curve, but instead approaches the opposing boundary curve from the reversal point. Assuming the device suddenly transitions from heating to cooling (i.e., approaching the main cooling boundary), its internal trajectory equation is defined as: ; In this formula, This represents the theoretical center emission wavelength in the secondary inversion state; The wavelength value of the main cooling boundary at the same temperature; and The physical temperature of the reversal point and the emission wavelength at the center of the reversal point are input into the feature vector; To approximate the shape factor, the rate at which the secondary curve approaches the principal boundary curve is determined.

[0063] After determining the current physical state and invoking the corresponding nonlinear equations, this module needs to solve a reverse mathematical problem: given the desired emission wavelength at the target center. Calculate the corresponding target compensation temperature .

[0064] Since the above three sets of equations are all transcendental equations containing exponential terms, analytical solutions cannot be obtained directly. Therefore, this module uses the Newton-Raphson numerical iterative algorithm to solve them in real time within the microprocessor. Taking the current main heating state as an example, the equations to be solved are... The root. The initial guess for the iteration is set to the current physical temperature, i.e. .

[0065] In the In this iteration, the temperature update formula is: ; In this formula, For the first The temperature value calculated in the next iteration; For the first Temperature value of the next iteration; To be Substitute the wavelength value into the main heating equation; The main heating equation is in Temperature The first derivative of . The analytical expression of the first derivative is: ; The system executes this iterative process at high speed in the floating-point unit (FPU) inside the microprocessor. An extremely strict convergence criterion is set: when the absolute value of the temperature difference between two consecutive iterations reaches zero... The iteration terminates when the temperature drops below 0.01 degrees Celsius. This is the "target compensation temperature" that the system currently needs to achieve. The calculation process is completed in an extremely short time (microseconds), ensuring extremely high real-time performance of temperature compensation. The calculated... It will be sent to the underlying execution module as an absolute instruction.

[0066] The bidirectional thermoelectric drive execution module is connected to the asymmetric temperature compensation calculation module. It is used to dynamically switch the parameters of the asymmetric proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm according to the sign of the deviation between the target compensation temperature and the real-time physical temperature, and output a pulse width modulation signal to drive the thermoelectric cooler to regulate the temperature of the device. This module receives the target compensation temperature output from the "Asymmetric Temperature Compensation Calculation Module". This signal is then converted into a high-voltage electrical signal at the underlying level to drive the physical cooling / heating devices, enabling the perovskite quantum dot devices to reach the target compensation temperature with the fastest speed and minimal overshoot. To overcome the physical defect of severe asymmetry between heating and cooling efficiency in traditional temperature control, this module employs a deep asymmetric design in both the hardware drive topology and the underlying control algorithm.

[0067] The core actuator of this module is a semiconductor thermoelectric cooler (TEC, or Peltier element). One side of the TEC is tightly bonded to the thermally conductive substrate of the perovskite quantum dot device through a high thermal conductivity aluminum nitride ceramic substrate, and is defined as the "working surface". The other side of the TEC is connected to a copper heat sink with a miniature cooling fan, defined as the "heat dissipation surface." The TEC operates based on the Peltier effect, but inevitably involves Joule heating due to internal resistance and Fourier conduction due to the temperature difference between the two sides. This multi-physics coupling results in a significant asymmetry in the TEC's physical properties during cooling and heating. When the TEC performs a cooling operation (i.e., cooling the working surface), the heat absorbed by the working surface (cooling capacity)... The physical equation is: ; In this formula, This represents the Seebeck coefficient of the semiconductor couples inside the TEC; This represents the drive current flowing through the TEC; Indicates the absolute temperature of the working surface; Indicates the internal ohmic resistance of the TEC; Indicates the thermal conductivity of TEC; This indicates the absolute temperature of the heat dissipation surface.

[0068] The first term in the formula is the Peltier cooling term, the second is the Joule heat generated internally (half of which flows back to the working surface, severely offsetting the cooling capacity), and the third is the heat leakage conducted back to the working surface from the heat dissipation surface. It can be seen that Joule heat is a significant "resistance" to the cooling process. When the TEC performs a heating operation (i.e., the working surface heats up), the heat released by the working surface (heating amount)... The physical equation is: ; In the formula, the sign of Joule heat (the second term) has changed to positive. This means that during the heating process, the Joule heat generated inside the TEC becomes a "helping force" for heating. This inherent physical asymmetry (cooling is extremely difficult, heating is extremely easy) requires the underlying drive circuit and control algorithm to be designed asymmetrically, otherwise it will lead to serious control oscillations.

[0069] To achieve the TEC drive current For precise control of direction and size, this module is designed with an H-bridge power drive circuit based on four low on-resistance N-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors.

[0070] The left half of the H-bridge consists of upper pipe Q1 and lower pipe Q2, while the right half consists of upper pipe Q3 and lower pipe Q4.

[0071] The TEC (Transmission Control Unit) is connected between the midpoints of the left and right half-bridges. When cooling is required, the microcontroller outputs a high-frequency pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal, turning on Q1 and Q4 and turning off Q2 and Q3, with current flowing from left to right through the TEC. When heating is required, Q2 and Q3 are turned on, and Q1 and Q4 are turned off, with current flowing from right to left through the TEC. The duty cycle of the PWM signal determines the effective value of the current.

[0072] To prevent the upper and lower MOSFETs on the same side from simultaneously conducting during the switching between cooling and heating states, which could cause a short circuit and burn out the devices, this module incorporates a 500-nanosecond "dead time" in the hardware gate driver. During this dead time, all four MOSFETs are forcibly turned off, ensuring absolute safety during the commutation process. Simultaneously, a non-polar ceramic capacitor and a transient voltage suppressor diode (TVS) are connected in parallel across the TEC to absorb the inductive reverse electromotive force spikes generated during PWM switching, protecting the perovskite devices from electromagnetic interference.

[0073] To eliminate the control oscillations caused by the asymmetry in TEC cooling and heating efficiency mentioned above, this module runs a variable parameter asymmetric proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm within the microcontroller. First, it calculates the temperature control deviation at the current moment. .

[0074] The system is based on the deviation The symbol dynamically switches between two completely independent sets of PID parameters. When When the actual temperature is higher than the target compensation temperature, the system needs to perform a cooling operation. Due to low cooling efficiency and Joule thermal resistance, the system calls the "cooling parameter group": proportional coefficient. Integral coefficient Differential coefficients To overcome refrigeration inertia, It is usually set relatively large to provide a strong initial cooling current; at the same time, it increases... This is to suppress temperature overshoot caused by high current.

[0075] when When this occurs, it indicates that the current actual temperature is lower than the target compensation temperature, and the system needs to perform a heating operation. Due to the Joule heating effect, the heating efficiency is extremely high, making temperature overshoot very likely. Therefore, the system calls the "Heating Parameter Group": proportional coefficient. Integral coefficient Differential coefficients .

[0076] at this time, Set to be much smaller The value of this makes the heating process smoother. The controller's output... The formula for calculating the duty cycle of PWM is: ; In this formula, Represents the time from time zero to the current time. The continuous-time integral variable; Indicates at time Temperature control deviation; , , Based on the above logic, seamless switching is achieved between the cooling parameter group and the heating parameter group in real time. The calculated... After being limited, the signal is converted into a PWM duty cycle signal ranging from zero to 100%, which is then input into the H-bridge drive circuit. This allows the temperature of the perovskite device to be locked at the dynamic target compensation temperature with extreme precision and smoothness.

[0077] The photothermal feedback module is connected to the perovskite optical parameter acquisition module and the asymmetric temperature compensation calculation module, respectively. It is used to adjust the output power of the excitation source when the central emission wavelength is stable and the peak emission intensity is lower than the target value, and to limit the target compensation temperature according to the dew point temperature. This module serves as the highest-level decision-making and overall safety assurance center of the entire control system. The aforementioned four modules primarily address the core issue of "how to calculate and perform temperature compensation based on the drift of optical parameters using an asymmetric physical model." However, in the long-term practical operation of perovskite quantum dot devices, in addition to reversible thermally induced spectral drift, "irreversible photobleaching" and "permanent thermal degradation" inevitably occur due to prolonged high-energy light exposure and continuous thermal stress.

[0078] If relying solely on temperature compensation, when irreversible aging of the device leads to a decrease in luminous intensity, the system may mistakenly interpret this as excessive temperature and indefinitely lower the target compensation temperature, inevitably resulting in overload and burnout of the thermoelectric cooler or short circuit due to condensation on the device surface. Therefore, this module establishes a dual collaborative feedback mechanism spanning the optical and thermal domains, innovatively introducing dynamic adjustment of the excitation source power and setting multi-dimensional physical safety boundaries.

[0079] This module constructs a decoupled control architecture with two time scales within the microprocessor's real-time operating system, consisting of a "fast thermodynamic inner loop" and a "slow optical outer loop".

[0080] To ensure that the two control loops do not interfere with each other, the system adopts a high-low priority nested interrupt mechanism based on hardware timers.

[0081] The "fast thermodynamic inner loop" is assigned the highest level of hardware interrupt priority, and its control cycle is strictly set to one millisecond. Its main task is to perform the aforementioned asymmetric temperature compensation and low-level PID calculations to ensure the actual physical temperature of the device. Capable of tracking the target temperature compensation at the fastest speed without static error Thus, the central emission wavelength It is locked firmly on the target value.

[0082] The "slow optical outer loop" is assigned a low-level software timer interrupt priority, with its control cycle set to 100 milliseconds. Since irreversible aging and photobleaching are relatively slow physical processes, the primary task of the slow outer loop is to monitor peak luminescence intensity. The long-term decay trend. When the "rapid thermodynamic inner ring" has already reduced the central emission wavelength... Stabilize at the target value Nearby (i.e., wavelength deviation) The absolute value of the light emission intensity was less than 0.5 nanometers for ten consecutive cycles, but the actual peak luminescence intensity was... Still below the target peak luminescence intensity When the negative deviation exceeds 5%, this module determines that the device has experienced irreversible intensity decay. At this point, simple temperature compensation has reached its physical limit, and coordinated compensation of the excitation source power must be initiated.

[0083] To compensate for the irreversible decay of luminous intensity, this module sends an analog control voltage to the continuous wave semiconductor laser constant current drive circuit in the "perovskite optical parameter acquisition module" through a 16-bit high-resolution digital-to-analog converter (DAC), thereby dynamically adjusting the output power of the excitation light with extremely fine precision.

[0084] The algorithm for adjusting the excitation power employs incremental discrete control equations with feedforward compensation. In the first... One slow control cycle (i.e., the current moment) ), the target output power of the laser The calculation formula is defined as follows: ; In this formula, This indicates the time in the previous slow control cycle (time). The actual output power of the laser; The deviation in luminous intensity at the current moment is defined as follows: ; This indicates the deviation in luminous intensity from the previous cycle; This indicates the control cycle time of the slow optical outer loop (i.e., one hundred milliseconds). The proportional gain coefficient, representing the optical power adjustment, is used to directly increase or decrease the laser power based on the current intensity deviation. The differential gain coefficient represents the optical power adjustment, used to suppress luminous intensity overshoot caused by excessively rapid power adjustment; This represents the power feedforward compensation term based on the rate of temperature change.

[0085] Feedforward compensation term The purpose of this is to counteract the transient impact of drastic temperature changes on luminescence intensity. Its calculation formula is: ; In this formula, The current rate of temperature change output by the "Dynamic Determination Module for Thermal Hysteresis"; This is the feedforward coefficient for photothermal cross-coupling. When the device is in a rapid heating state ( When the value is positive and relatively large, the luminous intensity will exhibit a transient drop due to the thermal quenching effect. In this case, the feedforward calculation result is positive, and the system will fine-tune and increase the laser power in advance before the temperature compensation takes effect (before overcoming thermal inertia), thereby smoothing out the transient drop in luminous intensity on the time axis and achieving seamless photothermal synergy.

[0086] To ensure the absolute physical safety of perovskite quantum dot devices and thermoelectric coolers, this module sets up three insurmountable physical safety boundaries above the underlying hardware driver.

[0087] The first line of defense: absolute temperature limit protection through both hardware and software. The system monitors the physical temperature in real time. .like Exceeding the set maximum safe temperature (For example, 85 degrees Celsius) indicates that the cooling fan has failed or thermal runaway has occurred. The system immediately triggers a hardware-level enable / disable signal through an independent general-purpose input / output pin, instantly cutting off the heating current of the thermoelectric cooler and the driving current of the laser; if Below the set minimum safe temperature (For example, at minus ten degrees Celsius), the system immediately cuts off the cooling current to prevent the device from becoming brittle due to the extremely low temperature.

[0088] The second boundary: dynamic dew point protection against condensation. During deep cooling compensation, if the device surface temperature is lower than the dew point temperature of the ambient air, gaseous water molecules in the air will undergo a phase change and condense into liquid water on the perovskite film surface, leading to irreversible hydrolytic damage to the perovskite material. This module obtains the ambient temperature through an external high-precision capacitive temperature and humidity sensor. and relative humidity (Percentage), and calculate the current ambient dew point temperature in real time using the Magnus-Tetens approximation formula. : ; In this formula, and Magnus's empirical constant (usually) Take 17.27. (Take 237.3 degrees Celsius). Represents the natural logarithm. This module mandates that the target compensation temperature output by the "Asymmetric Temperature Compensation Calculation Module" be... Must always be greater than (in (For example, a safety margin of two degrees Celsius). If the calculated target compensation temperature is lower than this safety threshold, the system will forcibly truncate the target temperature command and lock it at [the specified value]. It then relies entirely on adjusting the power of the excitation source to compensate for optical parameters, thus eliminating the fatal risk of condensation hydrolysis.

[0089] The third boundary: thermoelectric cooler power integral overload protection. To prevent the internal semiconductor thermocouples from burning out due to prolonged full-load operation under extreme conditions, this module introduces a Joule integral algorithm similar to that used in motor thermal protection. The system controls the drive current... The system calculates the real-time cumulative thermal power consumption by continuously integrating the square of the integral. When the integral value of thermal power consumption exceeds the set safety threshold, the system automatically reduces the maximum duty cycle limit of the PWM drive signal (e.g., from 100% to 60%), forcing the system into a derating mode. After the integral value naturally decays to a safe level over time, the system restores its full power output capability.

[0090] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

[0091] It should be noted that, in this document, the use of relational terms such as "first" and "second" is merely for distinguishing one entity or operation from another, and does not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0092] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of this application, the order of the above-mentioned processes does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0093] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0094] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A temperature-compensated control system for perovskite quantum dot optical devices, characterized in that, include: The perovskite optical parameter acquisition module is used to obtain the center emission wavelength, peak luminescence intensity, and real-time physical temperature of perovskite quantum dot optical devices. The thermal hysteresis state dynamic determination module is used to calculate the temperature change rate based on the real-time physical temperature, and combine it with a preset threshold to determine the thermal hysteresis state of the device, generating a thermal hysteresis state feature vector that includes real-time physical temperature, center emission wavelength, peak luminous intensity, temperature change rate and thermal hysteresis state. The asymmetric temperature compensation calculation module is used to calculate the target compensation temperature by calling the corresponding asymmetric thermal hysteresis physical phenomenological model based on the hysteresis state feature vector, the preset target center emission wavelength and the target peak emission intensity. The bidirectional thermoelectric drive execution module is used to dynamically switch the parameters of the asymmetric proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm according to the sign of the deviation between the target compensation temperature and the real-time physical temperature, and output a pulse width modulation signal to drive the thermoelectric cooler to regulate the temperature of the device. The photothermal feedback module is used to adjust the output power of the excitation source when the central emission wavelength is stable and the peak luminescence intensity is lower than the target value, and to limit the target compensation temperature according to the dew point temperature.

2. The temperature-compensated perovskite quantum dot optical device control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The perovskite optical parameter acquisition module spatially separates the excitation light path and the fluorescence light path using a dichroic mirror, and acquires the dark current baseline vector when the excitation source is turned off. In practical work, the dark current baseline vector is subtracted pixel by pixel from the acquired original spectral vector, and a polynomial smoothing filtering algorithm is used for noise reduction. Then, the center emission wavelength and the peak emission intensity are extracted by a nonlinear curve fitting algorithm.

3. The temperature-compensated perovskite quantum dot optical device control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal hysteresis state dynamic determination module constructs a first-in-first-out circular buffer in memory, sets a time sliding window, calculates the linear regression slope of temperature with respect to time within the time sliding window using the least squares method, and uses the linear regression slope as the temperature change rate to filter out high-frequency quantization noise in the temperature signal.

4. The temperature-compensated perovskite quantum dot optical device control system according to claim 3, characterized in that, Thermal hysteresis states include primary heating state, primary cooling state, thermal steady state, and secondary reversal state; The thermal hysteresis state dynamic determination module introduces dual threshold anti-shake logic. When the temperature change rate is continuously greater than the positive preset temperature change rate threshold, it is determined to be the main heating state. When the temperature change rate is continuously less than a negative preset temperature change rate threshold, it is determined to be in a main cooling state. When the absolute value of the temperature change rate is less than or equal to the preset temperature change rate threshold and continues for a preset time window, it is determined to be the thermal steady state. When the sign of the temperature change rate changes abruptly and exceeds the preset temperature change rate threshold, it is determined to be the secondary reversal state, and the physical temperature of the reversal point and the emission wavelength of the center of the reversal point at the instant of reversal are recorded in the non-volatile memory.

5. A temperature-compensated perovskite quantum dot optical device control system according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the asymmetric temperature compensation calculation module: The physical phenomenological model of asymmetric thermal hysteresis includes the equations of the main heating boundary curve, the main cooling boundary curve, and the internal trajectory equation of the secondary reversal. When in the main heating state or the main cooling state, the asymmetric temperature compensation calculation module calls the main heating boundary curve equation or the main cooling boundary curve equation respectively. When in the secondary reversal state, the asymmetric temperature compensation calculation module calls the internal trajectory equation of the secondary reversal and uses the physical temperature of the reversal point and the emission wavelength of the center of the reversal point as the initial boundary conditions to calculate the theoretical center emission wavelength that approximates the main heating boundary curve or another boundary curve that has not been called in the main cooling boundary curve.

6. A temperature-compensated perovskite quantum dot optical device control system according to claim 5, characterized in that, Also includes: A numerical iterative algorithm is adopted, using the real-time physical temperature as the initial guess value for iteration. The algorithm is combined with the emission wavelength of the target center and the first derivative of the asymmetric thermal hysteresis physical phenomenological model to perform inverse solution. The iteration stops when the absolute value of the temperature difference between two consecutive iterations is less than the preset convergence threshold. The final iteration result is used as the target compensation temperature.

7. A temperature-compensated perovskite quantum dot optical device control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bidirectional thermoelectric drive execution module adopts a full-bridge power drive circuit and injects dead time into the hardware gate driver; The bidirectional thermoelectric drive execution module determines whether to perform a cooling operation or a heating operation based on the sign of the deviation between the target compensation temperature and the real-time physical temperature. When performing the cooling operation, the cooling parameter group is invoked to overcome Joule thermal resistance, and when performing the heating operation, the heating parameter group is invoked to suppress temperature overshoot caused by Joule thermal assistance, thereby realizing the dynamic switching of the parameters of the asymmetric proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm.

8. A temperature-compensated perovskite quantum dot optical device control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photothermal co-feedback module constructs a dual-timescale decoupled control architecture, including a fast thermodynamic inner loop and a slow optical outer loop; The rapid thermodynamic inner ring is used to perform temperature compensation to stabilize the center emission wavelength; The slow-speed optical outer ring is used to monitor the long-term decay trend of the peak luminous intensity. When it is determined that irreversible decay of the peak luminous intensity occurs, the output power of the excitation source is adjusted by incremental discrete control logic with feedforward compensation. The temperature change rate is used as a power feedforward compensation term to offset the transient impact of drastic temperature changes on the peak luminous intensity.

9. A temperature-compensated perovskite quantum dot optical device control system according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: The ambient temperature and relative humidity are obtained through an external temperature and humidity sensor, and the dew point temperature of the current environment is calculated in real time. The photothermal synergistic feedback module mandates that the target compensation temperature is always greater than the sum of the dew point temperature and the preset safety margin; If the calculated target compensation temperature is lower than the safety threshold, i.e. the sum of the dew point temperature and the preset safety margin, the target temperature command is forcibly cut off, and the optical parameters are compensated entirely by adjusting the output power of the excitation light source.

10. A temperature-compensated perovskite quantum dot optical device control system according to claim 9, characterized in that, Also includes: Set up multi-dimensional physical safety boundaries and monitor the real-time physical temperature. If the real-time physical temperature exceeds the maximum safe temperature or falls below the minimum safe temperature, the drive current of the thermoelectric cooler will be cut off through hardware interruption. Simultaneously, the square of the drive current is continuously integrated over time to calculate the real-time thermal power consumption accumulation. When the real-time thermal power consumption accumulation exceeds the preset thermal power consumption safety threshold, the maximum duty cycle limit of the pulse width modulation signal is automatically reduced, forcing the system to enter the derating operation mode.

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