A dry tap changer

Abstract

This application relates to the field of electrical equipment, and in particular to a dry-type tap changer, which includes a carrying mechanism, a switch actuation mechanism, and a switch transmission mechanism. The switch actuation mechanism includes a gear pre-selection component, a gear switching component, and a signal output component. The switch transmission mechanism includes a drive component, a first transmission component, a second transmission component, and a third transmission component. The drive component includes a first bevel gear, a first transmission rod, and a drive member for driving the first bevel gear to rotate. The first transmission component includes a second bevel gear that meshes with the first bevel gear and is throttle-connected to the gear pre-selection component. The first transmission rod is fixed to the end face of the second bevel gear. The second transmission component includes a linkage rod group that is rotatably connected to the first transmission rod and throttle-connected to the gear switching component. The third transmission component includes a third bevel gear that meshes with the second bevel gear and is throttle-connected to the signal output component. This application can shorten the transmission link and reduce the structural complexity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of electrical equipment technology, specifically to a dry-type tap changer. Background Technology

[0002] Dry-type tap changers are the core components of dry-type transformer voltage regulation systems. Their transmission mechanism is responsible for driving the selector switch and changeover switch to complete the tap change. Existing dry-type tap changer transmission mechanisms typically use a geared motor with an independent gearbox for power transmission and speed regulation, and then distribute the power to the selector and changeover mechanisms via a multi-stage gear set.

[0003] In this type of transmission structure, the gearbox is positioned as an independent intermediate link between the motor and the actuator. It contains multiple gear pairs to meet the reduction ratio requirements. The output of the gearbox then transmits power to each actuator via gear sets. However, this structure suffers from a lengthy transmission chain: from the motor to the actuator, the transmission path involves multiple gear pairs within the gearbox, the gearbox output gear, and subsequent transmission gear sets. This results in a large number of components, a complex structure, and a large overall volume. This not only increases assembly processes and manufacturing costs but also causes the transmission backlash introduced at each stage to accumulate along the transmission chain. This leads to decreased positioning accuracy and poor consistency of the end actuator, affecting the voltage regulation accuracy and operational reliability of the tap changer. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the technical problems in the prior art, this application provides a dry tap changer.

[0005] The dry-type tap changer provided in this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A dry-type tap changer, comprising:

[0007] Bearing mechanism;

[0008] A switch actuator, mounted on the supporting structure, includes a gear pre-selection component, a gear switching component, and a signal output component; and

[0009] A switch transmission mechanism is mounted on the bearing mechanism. The switch transmission mechanism includes a drive assembly, a first transmission assembly, a second transmission assembly, and a third transmission assembly. The drive assembly includes a first bevel gear, a first transmission rod, and a drive member for driving the first bevel gear to rotate.

[0010] The first transmission assembly includes a second bevel gear meshing with the first bevel gear, the first transmission rod being fixed to the end face of the second bevel gear, and the second bevel gear being pulsatorically connected to the gear pre-selection assembly; the second transmission assembly includes a linkage rod group rotatably connected to the first transmission rod, and the linkage rod group being pulsatorically connected to the gear switching assembly; the third transmission assembly includes a third bevel gear meshing with the second bevel gear, and the third bevel gear being pulsatorically connected to the signal output assembly.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the driving component drives the first bevel gear to rotate. The first bevel gear transmits power to the second bevel gear through meshing. During its rotation, the second bevel gear can simultaneously transmit power to the gear pre-selection component, the second transmission component, and the third transmission component. Specifically, the second bevel gear of the first transmission component directly transmits power to the relevant components of the gear pre-selection component, thereby performing gear pre-selection for the transformer. The second transmission component receives the rotational power of the second bevel gear through a linkage group connected to the first transmission rod, and then transmits the power to the gear shifting component via the linkage group. The third transmission component receives the rotational power through the third bevel gear meshing with the second bevel gear, and then transmits the power to the signal output component via the third bevel gear. This eliminates the need for complex mechanisms to transmit power, shortening the power transmission chain.

[0012] Preferably, the bearing mechanism includes a fixed frame and a sliding frame, and the gear pre-selection component includes an insulating strip fixed to the fixed frame, stationary contacts arranged in an array along the length of the insulating strip, and a moving contact installed on the sliding frame and cooperating with the stationary contacts. The sliding frame can move along the length of the insulating strip.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, different stationary contacts correspond to different potentials of the transformer. During the process of the sliding frame moving along the length of the insulating strip, the moving contact contacts different stationary contacts in sequence, thereby realizing the pre-selection of potential.

[0014] Preferably, the first transmission assembly further includes a first transmission shaft, two first transmission gears, and two transmission racks. The two first transmission gears are respectively fixed at both ends of the first transmission shaft, and the two transmission racks are respectively fixed at both ends of the sliding frame. The two transmission racks are respectively engaged with the corresponding first transmission gears. The transmission racks are parallel to the insulating strip and are slidably connected to the fixed frame.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, when the first transmission gear rotates, it drives the transmission rack to translate, converting the rotational motion of the first transmission shaft into the linear movement of the sliding frame along the length of the insulating strip. Through the symmetrical driving cooperation of the double gear and double rack, the sliding frame is prevented from deflecting during the sliding process, ensuring the accuracy of the contact alignment between the moving contact and the stationary contact.

[0016] Preferably, the first transmission assembly further includes a first dial and a first grooved wheel that are coaxially fixed to the second bevel gear. The first transmission shaft is coaxially fixed to the first grooved wheel. The end face of the first dial is provided with a first pin and a first arc-shaped rib. The first grooved wheel is uniformly provided with a plurality of first radial grooves that cooperate with the first pins in the circumference. A first arc-shaped groove that cooperates with the first arc-shaped rib is provided between two adjacent first radial grooves. After the first pin rotates with the first dial and disengages from the first radial groove, the first arc-shaped rib is embedded in the first arc-shaped groove.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the first dial and the first grooved wheel cooperate to make the first grooved wheel move intermittently. The transmission stroke is controlled by the mechanical engagement of the first pin and the first radial groove. Each turn outputs a fixed and precise rotation angle, reducing the risk of slippage or overshoot caused by inertia or backlash during transmission, and ensuring the precise movement distance of the sliding frame. During the intermittent pause of transmission, the first arc-shaped rib is embedded in the first arc-shaped groove to form a locking arc self-locking, which rigidly locks the first grooved wheel and the first transmission shaft, preventing the sliding frame from being displaced by vibration from the mechanical structure, and ensuring stable contact between the moving and stationary contacts during gear shifting pre-selection.

[0018] Preferably, the gear shifting assembly includes a second drive shaft rotatably connected to the fixed frame, a plurality of cams fixed to the second drive shaft, a plurality of vacuum tubes corresponding to the plurality of cams, and a plurality of movable contact rods corresponding to the vacuum tubes and arranged along the axial direction of the vacuum tubes. The movable contact rods extend into the vacuum tubes. The cams have arc-shaped slots. The arc-shaped slots are eccentrically arranged relative to the axis of the second drive shaft. The upper end of the movable contact rod extends into the arc-shaped slot and is slidably connected to the arc-shaped slot.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, when the second drive shaft drives the cam to rotate, the eccentric arc-shaped slot drives the moving contact rod to make vertical displacement, realizing the motion conversion from rotation to linear motion; the cam profile can be used to deterministically control the contact stroke and action rhythm, so that the vacuum tube contact can complete the connection or disconnection action, shorten the arcing time and improve the switching consistency.

[0020] Preferably, the second transmission assembly further includes a control disk and a first elastic element. The control disk has a second transmission rod on its edge. The linkage group includes a connecting rod and a rocker arm. One end of the rocker arm is rotatably connected to the fixed frame, and the other end is rotatably connected to one end of the first elastic element. The end of the first elastic element facing away from the rocker arm is rotatably connected to the second transmission rod. One end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the first transmission rod, and the other end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the position between the two ends of the rocker arm. The control disk is coaxially fixed with the second transmission shaft.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, when the second bevel gear rotates, the first transmission rod fixed on its end face will make a circular motion, and drive the rocker arm to swing back and forth with its connection end with the fixed frame as the fulcrum through the connecting rod. During the swing of the rocker arm, the first elastic element is stretched and rebounded, and provides elastic driving force to the control panel through the second transmission rod, so that the control panel obtains instantaneous acceleration due to the release of elastic potential energy after passing the critical position, shortens the transition time of contact opening and closing, reduces the arcing time, and thus reduces the risk of slow opening and closing.

[0022] Preferably, the third transmission assembly includes a third transmission shaft, a second dial, and a second grooved wheel. The third transmission shaft is rotatably connected to the fixed frame. The third transmission shaft is coaxially fixed to the third bevel gear and the second dial. The end face of the second dial is provided with a second pin and a second arc-shaped rib. The second grooved wheel is uniformly provided with a plurality of second radial grooves that cooperate with the second pin. A second arc-shaped groove that cooperates with the second arc-shaped rib is provided between two adjacent second radial grooves. After the second pin rotates with the second dial and disengages from the second radial groove, the second arc-shaped rib is embedded in the second arc-shaped groove.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the second dial and the second grooved wheel form an intermittent transmission mechanism, which converts the continuous input of the third transmission shaft into a discrete step output; in the pause interval, the second arc-shaped rib and the second arc-shaped groove cooperate to form a self-locking position, preventing the signal chain from being vibrated and malfunctioning, and ensuring the stability of the signal output position.

[0024] Preferably, the third transmission assembly further includes a third transmission gear fixed coaxially with the second grooved wheel, and the signal output assembly includes a fourth transmission gear meshing with the third transmission gear, a contactor fixed coaxially with the fourth transmission gear, and a gear position plate fixed to the fixed frame. The gear position plate has multiple gear position signal contacts arranged in an array on its surface. When the contactor rotates with the fourth transmission gear, it can sequentially contact and engage with the corresponding gear position signal contacts.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the stepping displacement of the second grooved wheel is transmitted to the contactor through the third and fourth transmission gears, so that the contactor contacts the gear plate contacts point by point according to the gear rhythm, realizing the one-to-one correspondence between mechanical gear and electrical signal output; it can reduce the risk of signal leading, lagging or gear misalignment, and improve the accuracy of gear indication.

[0026] Preferably, the end of the third drive shaft opposite to the second dial extends to the outside of the mounting bracket to form a hand crank end for connecting a manually operated tool.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, the third drive shaft extends outward to form a hand crank end. In the event of a drive component failure, power outage, or maintenance, torque can be directly input through a manual tool and the linkage mechanism can be used to complete pre-selection and switching, thus retaining emergency operation capability and improving the maintainability and power supply guarantee capability of the device.

[0028] Preferably, the axis of the first bevel gear and the axis of the third bevel gear are located in the same horizontal plane and are perpendicular to each other, and the axis of the second bevel gear is perpendicular to the axis of the first bevel gear and the axis of the third bevel gear respectively; in the vertical direction, the control disk is located between the first bevel gear and the second dial.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution and using a spatially orthogonal three-dimensional transmission layout, the axes of the first bevel gear, the second bevel gear and the third bevel gear are arranged in a spatial coordinate system, so that the three power transmissions of pre-selection, switching and signal output do not interfere with each other in space, and the projected area of ​​the switch transmission mechanism in the vertical and horizontal directions is reduced.

[0030] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0031] 1. The driving component drives the first bevel gear to rotate, which in turn drives the second bevel gear to rotate. During rotation, the second bevel gear simultaneously transmits power to the gear pre-selection component, the second transmission component, and the third transmission component. The second bevel gear in the first transmission component transmits power to the gear pre-selection related actuators, thereby performing gear pre-selection for the transformer. The second transmission component receives power through the first transmission rod and linkage rod group fixed to the end face of the second bevel gear and transmits it to the gear shifting component. The third transmission component receives power through the third bevel gear meshing with the second bevel gear and transmits it to the signal output component. This eliminates the need for a complex reduction gearbox mechanism to transmit power, shortening the power transmission chain.

[0032] 2. The first dial and the first grooved wheel cooperate to make the first grooved wheel move intermittently. The mechanical engagement of the first pin and the first radial groove realizes the control of the transmission stroke. Each turn outputs a fixed and precise rotation angle, reducing the risk of slippage or overshoot caused by inertia or backlash during transmission, and ensuring the precise movement distance of the sliding frame. During the intermittent pause of transmission, the first arc-shaped rib is embedded in the first arc-shaped groove to form a locking arc self-locking, which rigidly locks the first grooved wheel and the first transmission shaft, preventing the sliding frame from being displaced by vibration from the mechanical structure, and ensuring stable contact between the moving and stationary contacts during gear shifting pre-selection.

[0033] 3. The stepping displacement of the second grooved wheel is transmitted to the contactor through the third and fourth transmission gears, so that the contactor contacts the gear plate contacts point by point according to the gear rhythm, realizing a one-to-one correspondence between mechanical gear and electrical signal output; this can reduce the risk of signal leading, lagging or gear misalignment, and improve the accuracy of gear indication. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dry tap changer provided in this application;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of a dry tap changer provided in this application from another perspective;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the gear pre-selection component and the gear switching component;

[0037] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of region A in the middle;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the switch transmission mechanism;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the third transmission component and the signal output component;

[0040] Figure 7 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of region B in the middle;

[0041] Figure 8 yes Figure 3 Enlarged view of region C in the middle;

[0042] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Bearing mechanism; 11. Fixed frame; 12. Sliding frame; 2. Switching mechanism; 21. Gear pre-selection component; 211. Insulating strip; 212. Stationary contact; 213. Moving contact; 22. Gear switching component; 221. Second transmission shaft; 222. Cam; 2221. Arc-shaped slot; 223. Vacuum tube; 224. Moving contact rod; 23. Signal output component; 231. Fourth transmission gear; 232. Contactor; 233. Gear plate; 3. Switching transmission mechanism; 31. Drive component; 311. First bevel gear; 312. First transmission rod; 313. Drive element; 32. First transmission component; 321. Second bevel gear; 322. First transmission shaft; 323. First transmission gear 324. Transmission rack; 325. First dial; 3251. First pin; 3252. First arc-shaped rib; 326. First grooved wheel; 3261. First radial groove; 3262. First arc-shaped groove; 33. Second transmission assembly; 331. Linkage rod assembly; 3311. Connecting rod; 3312. Rocker arm; 332. Control panel; 333. First elastic element; 334. Second transmission rod; 34. Third transmission assembly; 341. Third bevel gear; 342. Third transmission shaft; 3421. Hand crank end; 343. Second dial; 3431. Second pin; 3432. Second arc-shaped rib; 344. Second grooved wheel; 3441. Second radial groove; 3442. Second arc-shaped groove; 345. Third transmission gear. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The following combination Figures 1-8 This application will be described in further detail.

[0044] This application discloses a dry-type tap changer. (See also...) Figures 1-2 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dry tap changer provided in this application. The dry tap changer includes a carrying mechanism 1, a switch actuation mechanism 2, and a switch transmission mechanism 3. The switch actuation mechanism 2 and the switch transmission mechanism 3 are both mounted on the carrying mechanism 1. The drive component 31 can simultaneously transmit power to the first transmission component 32, the second transmission component 33, and the third transmission component 34, thereby enabling the gear pre-selection component 21, the gear switching component 22, and the signal output component 23 to work respectively. This achieves multi-path power transmission, shortens the power transmission link, and reduces the cumulative effect of transmission gaps. The positioning accuracy of the end actuator is correspondingly improved, thereby improving the voltage regulation accuracy and operational reliability of the tap changer.

[0045] Specifically, the load-bearing mechanism 1 includes a fixed frame 11 and a sliding frame 12. The fixed frame 11 can be made of metal, has high strength and stability, and is used to support and fix other components. The sliding frame 12 can move along the length of the insulating strip 211 and is generally made of high-strength insulating material to achieve the effects of insulation and stable transmission.

[0046] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the gear pre-selection component 21 and the gear switching component 22. The switch actuator 2 includes the gear pre-selection component 21, the gear switching component 22, and the signal output component 23. The gear pre-selection component 21 includes an insulating strip 211 fixed to the fixed frame 11, stationary contacts 212 arranged in an array along the length of the insulating strip 211, and a moving contact 213 mounted on the sliding frame 12 and cooperating with the stationary contacts 212. The insulating strip 211 is made of a material with good insulation properties, and the stationary contacts 212 and the moving contact 213 are usually made of a metal with good conductivity, such as copper. Different stationary contacts 212 correspond to different potentials of the transformer. As the sliding frame 12 moves along the length of the insulating strip 211, the moving contact 213 contacts different stationary contacts 212 in sequence, thereby achieving potential pre-selection. When it is necessary to adjust the output voltage level of the transformer, the sliding frame 12 moves stepwise along the length of the insulating strip 211 under the drive of the first transmission component 32. The moving contact 213 moves together with the sliding frame 12, disengages from the currently contacting stationary contact 212, and establishes contact with the stationary contact 212 corresponding to the target level, thus completing the pre-selection operation of the level.

[0047] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 4 yes Figure 2Enlarged view of area A; the gear shifting assembly 22 includes a second drive shaft 221 rotatably connected to the fixed frame 11, multiple cams 222 fixed to the second drive shaft 221, multiple vacuum tubes 223 corresponding to the multiple cams 222, and multiple movable contact rods 224 corresponding to the vacuum tubes 223 and arranged along the axial direction of the vacuum tubes 223. The second drive shaft 221 is made of insulating material and has high strength and insulation. The cams 222 have arc-shaped slots 2221, which are eccentrically positioned relative to the axis of the second drive shaft 221. The movable contact rods 224 extend into the vacuum tubes 223, with their upper ends extending into the arc-shaped slots 2221 and slidably connected to the arc-shaped slots 2221. The movable contact rods 224 can achieve slidable connection with the arc-shaped slots 2221 by installing pulleys. When the second drive shaft 221 drives the cam 222 to rotate, the eccentric arc-shaped slot 2221 drives the moving contact rod 224 to make vertical displacement, realizing the motion conversion from rotation to linear motion. The contact stroke and action rhythm can be deterministically controlled through the profile of the cam 222, so that the vacuum tube 223 contact can complete the connection or disconnection action, shorten the arcing time and improve the switching consistency. During the rotation of cam 222, the upper end of the moving contact rod 224 slides along the arc-shaped slot 2221. Since the arc-shaped slot 2221 is eccentrically set relative to the axis of the second transmission shaft 221, the moving contact rod 224 is displaced in the vertical direction. When the moving contact rod 224 moves downward, it closes the contacts in the vacuum tube 223 to connect the circuit. When the moving contact rod 224 moves upward, it opens the contacts in the vacuum tube 223 to disconnect the circuit. Multiple cams 222 are fixed on the same second transmission shaft 221. The arc-shaped slots 2221 of each cam 222 can be arranged according to a predetermined phase relationship, so that the contacts in multiple vacuum tubes 223 act sequentially according to the set timing sequence, completing the orderly opening and closing of the circuit during the gear switching process.

[0048] Please see Figures 5-6 , Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the switch transmission mechanism 3. The signal output component 23 includes a fourth transmission gear 231 meshing with the third transmission gear 345, a contactor 232 coaxially fixed with the fourth transmission gear 231, and a gear position disk 233 fixed to the fixed frame 11. Multiple gear position signal contacts are arrayed on the surface of the gear position disk 233. As the contactor 232 rotates with the fourth transmission gear 231, it sequentially contacts and engages with the corresponding gear position signal contacts. The contacts on the gear position disk 233 and the contacts inside the contactor 232 can be made of copper alloy material, which has good conductivity. In this way, a one-to-one correspondence between the mechanical gear position and the electrical signal output can be achieved, avoiding signal lead, lag, or cross-gear shifts, and improving the accuracy of gear position indication. When the fourth transmission gear 231 rotates under the drive of the third transmission gear 345, the contactor 232 rotates accordingly and passes through the positions of the signal contacts of each gear on the gear plate 233 in sequence. After the contactor 232 makes contact with the signal contact corresponding to the current gear, it outputs the electrical signal of the current gear to the external control system, so that the operator or the automatic control system can identify the current gear of the tap changer.

[0049] The switch transmission mechanism 3 includes a drive assembly 31, a first transmission assembly 32, a second transmission assembly 33, and a third transmission assembly 34. The drive assembly 31 includes a first bevel gear 311, a first transmission rod 312, and a drive member 313 that drives the first bevel gear 311 to rotate. The drive member 313 can be a servo motor, stepper motor, or other power device capable of outputting rotary motion. In this application, the drive member 313 uses a motor without self-locking characteristics (such as a low-reduction ratio motor), allowing reverse drive. The first bevel gear 311 is coaxially fixed to the output shaft of the drive member 313. The first bevel gear 311 and the first transmission rod 312 are typically made of alloy steel, which has high strength and hardness. When the drive unit 313 is working, it drives the first bevel gear 311 to rotate around its own axis. The rotation of the first bevel gear 311 transmits power to the second bevel gear 321 through meshing with it. The first transmission rod 312, which is fixed on the end face of the second bevel gear 321 at a position offset from its rotation axis, rotates synchronously with the second bevel gear 321 and makes a circular motion on the end face of the second bevel gear 321. The rotation of the second bevel gear 321 transmits power to the first transmission assembly 32 through the first dial 325 and the first grooved wheel 326 to drive gear pre-selection. On the other hand, it transmits power to the second transmission assembly 33 through the first transmission rod 312 to drive gear switching. At the same time, it transmits power to the third transmission assembly 34 through meshing with the third bevel gear 341 to drive signal output, thereby realizing the synchronous drive of three transmissions by one drive source.

[0050] Please refer to the following: Figures 7-8 , Figure 7 yes Figure 2The enlarged view of area B shows that the first transmission assembly 32 includes a second bevel gear 321 meshing with a first bevel gear 311. A first transmission rod 312 is fixed to the end face of the second bevel gear 321, and the second bevel gear 321 is connected to the gear pre-selection assembly 21. The first transmission assembly 32 also includes a first transmission shaft 322, two first transmission gears 323, and two transmission racks 324. The two first transmission gears 323 are respectively fixed to both ends of the first transmission shaft 322, and the two transmission racks 324 are respectively fixed to both ends of the sliding frame 12. The two transmission racks 324 respectively cooperate with the corresponding first transmission gears 323. The transmission racks 324 are parallel to the insulating strip 211 and are slidably connected to the fixed frame 11.

[0051] The first drive shaft 322 can be made of insulating materials such as fiberglass, while the first drive gear 323 and drive rack 324 are made of carbon steel. When the first drive gear 323 rotates, it drives the drive rack 324 to translate, converting the rotational motion of the first drive shaft 322 into linear movement of the sliding frame 12 along the length of the insulating strip 211. Through the symmetrical drive cooperation of the double gear and double rack, the sliding frame 12 is prevented from deflecting during sliding, ensuring the accuracy of the contact alignment between the moving contact 213 and the stationary contact 212. When the second bevel gear 321 receives the rotational power of the first bevel gear 311, the power is transmitted to the first drive shaft 322 through the intermittent transmission of the first dial 325 and the first grooved wheel 326. The two first drive gears 323 at both ends of the first drive shaft 322 rotate synchronously, respectively driving the corresponding drive racks 324 to move linearly in a direction parallel to the insulating strip 211. The two drive racks 324 drive the sliding frame 12 to move synchronously, so that the moving contact 213 mounted on the sliding frame 12 switches positions between the stationary contacts 212.

[0052] The first transmission assembly 32 further includes a first dial 325 and a first grooved wheel 326 coaxially fixed to the second bevel gear 321. The first transmission shaft 322 is coaxially fixed to the first grooved wheel 326. The end face of the first dial 325 is provided with a first pin 3251 and a first arc-shaped rib 3252. The first grooved wheel 326 is circumferentially provided with a plurality of first radial grooves 3261 that cooperate with the first pin 3251. Between two adjacent first radial grooves 3261, there is a first arc-shaped groove 3262 that cooperates with the first arc-shaped rib 3252. After the first pin 3251 rotates with the first dial 325 and disengages from the first radial groove 3261, the first arc-shaped rib 3252 is inserted into the first arc-shaped groove 3262. The first dial 325 and the first grooved wheel 326 can be made of cast iron or carbon steel, while the first pin 3251 and the first arc-shaped rib 3252 are made of alloy steel. The first dial 325 cooperates with the first grooved wheel 326 to make the first grooved wheel 326 move intermittently. The mechanical engagement of the first dial pin 3251 and the first radial groove 3261 realizes the control of the transmission stroke. Each dialing outputs a fixed rotation angle, reducing the risk of slippage or overshoot caused by inertia or backlash during transmission, and ensuring the accurate movement distance of the sliding frame 12.

[0053] During the intermittent pause in transmission, the first arc-shaped rib 3252 is embedded in the first arc-shaped groove 3262 to form a self-locking arc, which rigidly locks the first groove wheel 326 and the first transmission shaft 322, preventing the sliding frame 12 from being displaced by vibration from a mechanical structure perspective, and ensuring stable contact between the moving contact 213 and the stationary contact 212 during gear shifting pre-selection. During operation, the second bevel gear 321 drives the first dial 325 to rotate continuously. The first pin 3251 rotates with the first dial 325 and periodically enters the first radial groove 3261 of the first grooved wheel 326. After the first grooved wheel 326 rotates through a fixed angle, it disengages from the first radial groove 3261. At this time, the first arc-shaped rib 3252 rotates with the first dial 325 into the first arc-shaped groove 3262 between two adjacent first radial grooves 3261, locking the first grooved wheel 326 in the current position. Every time the first grooved wheel 326 rotates through a fixed angle, it drives the two first transmission gears 323 to rotate by the corresponding angle through the first transmission shaft 322, driving the transmission rack 324 and the sliding frame 12 to move a distance of one gear interval, so that the moving contact 213 accurately moves from a stationary contact 212 position to an adjacent stationary contact 212 position.

[0054] The second transmission assembly 33 includes a linkage rod group 331 rotatably connected to the first transmission rod 312, and the linkage rod group 331 is drive-connected to the gear shifting assembly 22. The second transmission assembly 33 also includes a control panel 332 and a first elastic element 333. A second transmission rod 334 is provided on the edge of the control panel 332. The linkage rod group 331 includes a connecting rod 3311 and a rocker arm 3312. One end of the rocker arm 3312 is rotatably connected to the fixed frame 11, and the other end is rotatably connected to one end of the first elastic element 333. The end of the first elastic element 333 facing away from the rocker arm 3312 is rotatably connected to the second transmission rod 334. One end of the connecting rod 3311 is rotatably connected to the first transmission rod 312, and the other end of the connecting rod 3311 is rotatably connected to the position between the two ends of the rocker arm 3312. The control panel 332 is coaxially fixed to the second transmission shaft 221. The connecting rod 3311 and the rocker arm 3312 can be made of aluminum alloy, and the first elastic element 333 can be a spring. When the second bevel gear 321 rotates, the first transmission rod 312 fixed to its end face moves in a circular motion, driving the rocker arm 3312 to swing back and forth with its connection end with the fixed frame 11 as the fulcrum through the connecting rod 3311. The first elastic element 333 accumulates elastic potential energy during the swing of the rocker arm 3312. When the rocker arm 3312 swings to the point where the line of action of the tension of the first elastic element 333 crosses the hinge point between the rocker arm 3312 and the fixed frame 11, the direction of the tension of the first elastic element 333 is reversed relative to the hinge point, changing from hindering the rotation of the control disk 332 to driving the rotation of the control disk 332. This position is the critical position.

[0055] During the rotation of the second bevel gear 321, the first transmission rod 312 on its end face pushes the rocker arm 3312 to swing to one side through the connecting rod 3311. The swing of the rocker arm 3312 causes the first elastic element 333 to be gradually stretched and accumulate elastic potential energy. When the rocker arm 3312 swings past the critical position, the first elastic element 333 releases the accumulated elastic potential energy, which drives the control disk 332 to rotate rapidly through the second transmission rod 334. The control disk 332 drives the second transmission shaft 221, which is coaxially fixed with it, and the cam 222 fixed on the second transmission shaft 221 to rotate rapidly, so that the moving contact rod 224 completes the rapid opening and closing action of the contact in the vacuum tube 223. As the second bevel gear 321 continues to rotate, the first transmission rod 312 pulls the rocker arm 3312 to swing to the other side through the connecting rod 3311. The first elastic element 333 accumulates elastic potential energy again and releases it after passing the critical position, driving the control disk 332 to complete the rapid rotation in the opposite direction, so that the contact completes a complete switching cycle.

[0056] The third transmission assembly 34 includes a third bevel gear 341 that meshes with the second bevel gear 321, and the third bevel gear 341 is connected to the signal output assembly 23. The third transmission assembly 34 also includes a third transmission shaft 342, a second dial 343, and a second grooved wheel 344. The third transmission shaft 342 is rotatably connected to the fixed frame 11. The third transmission shaft 342 is coaxially fixed with the third bevel gear 341 and the second dial 343. The end face of the second dial 343 is provided with a second pin 3431 and a second arc-shaped rib 3432. The second grooved wheel 344 is circumferentially provided with a plurality of second radial grooves 3441 that cooperate with the second pin 3431. A second arc-shaped groove 3442 that cooperates with the second arc-shaped rib 3432 is provided between two adjacent second radial grooves 3441. After the second pin 3431 rotates with the second dial 343 and disengages from the second radial groove 3441, the second arc-shaped rib 3432 is embedded in the second arc-shaped groove 3442. The third drive shaft 342 can be made of carbon steel, the second dial 343 and the second grooved wheel 344 can be made of cast iron, and the second pin 3431 and the second arc-shaped rib 3432 can be made of alloy steel.

[0057] The second dial 343 and the second grooved wheel 344 form an intermittent transmission mechanism, which converts the continuous input of the third transmission shaft 342 into a discrete step output. During the pause interval, the second arc-shaped rib 3432 and the second arc-shaped groove 3442 cooperate to form a self-locking position, preventing the signal chain from being vibrated and ensuring the stability of the signal output position. During operation, the third bevel gear 341 receives power from the second bevel gear 321 and drives the third transmission shaft 342 to rotate. The second dial 343 rotates synchronously with the third transmission shaft 342. The second pin 3431 periodically enters the second radial groove 3441 of the second grooved wheel 344 and moves the second grooved wheel 344 to rotate a fixed angle before disengaging from the second radial groove 3441. At this time, the second arc-shaped rib 3432 rotates into the second arc-shaped groove 3442 to lock the second grooved wheel 344. The second grooved wheel 344 rotates a fixed angle each time it moves, driving the third transmission gear 345, which is coaxially fixed with it, to rotate by the corresponding angle, thereby driving the fourth transmission gear 231 and the contactor 232 to rotate. This causes the contactor 232 to move from one gear signal contact on the gear position plate 233 to an adjacent gear signal contact, outputting an electrical signal corresponding to the current gear position.

[0058] The third transmission assembly 34 also includes a third transmission gear 345 coaxially fixed with the second grooved wheel 344, which meshes with the fourth transmission gear 231 of the signal output assembly 23. The third transmission gear 345 and the fourth transmission gear 231 may be made of carbon steel. Additionally, the end of the third transmission shaft 342 opposite to the second dial 343 extends to the outside of the mounting bracket 11 to form a hand crank end 3421 for connecting a manual operating tool. In the event of a drive component 313 failure, power outage, or maintenance, torque can be directly input via a manual tool and the linkage mechanism can be used to complete pre-selection and switching, preserving emergency operation capabilities and improving the maintainability and power supply reliability of the device.

[0059] After the operator connects the manual operating tool to the hand crank 3421, rotating the hand crank 3421 will drive the third transmission shaft 342 to rotate. The rotation of the third transmission shaft 342 drives the second grooved wheel 344 to rotate stepwise through the second dial 343 to complete the signal output. On the other hand, it transmits power to the second bevel gear 321 through the third bevel gear 341. The second bevel gear 321 then transmits power to the first dial 325 to drive the first grooved wheel 326 to complete the gear pre-selection. At the same time, the first transmission rod 312 fixed on the end face of the second bevel gear 321 rotates synchronously with the second bevel gear 321. The first transmission rod 312 drives the first elastic element 333 to store and release energy through the connecting rod 3311 and the rocker arm 3312, driving the control panel 332 to complete the gear switching. Thus, the linkage operation of the three-way transmission is realized under the condition of no electric drive.

[0060] Furthermore, the axis of the first bevel gear 311 and the axis of the third bevel gear 341 are located in the same horizontal plane and are perpendicular to each other, while the axis of the second bevel gear 321 is perpendicular to both the axes of the first bevel gear 311 and the third bevel gear 341. In the vertical direction, the control disk 332 is located between the first bevel gear 311 and the second dial 343. Adopting a spatially orthogonal three-dimensional transmission layout, the axes of the first bevel gear 311, the second bevel gear 321, and the third bevel gear 341 are arranged in a spatial coordinate system, ensuring that the three power transmission paths for pre-selection, switching, and signal output do not interfere with each other in space, thus reducing the projected area of ​​the switch transmission mechanism 3 in both the vertical and horizontal directions.

[0061] The axis of the first bevel gear 311 extends in a horizontal direction, the axis of the third bevel gear 341 extends in the same horizontal plane in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the first bevel gear 311, and the axis of the second bevel gear 321 extends in a vertical direction. The axes of the three bevel gears are orthogonal in space. The control disk 332 is arranged in the vertical direction in the space between the first bevel gear 311 and the second dial 343, so that the control disk 332 of the second transmission component 33, the first bevel gear 311 of the drive component 31, and the second dial 343 of the third transmission component 34 are arranged in layers in the vertical direction, reducing spatial interference between the transmission components.

[0062] The working principle of this application is as follows: In the electric operation state, the drive unit 313 works and drives the first bevel gear 311 to rotate continuously around its own axis. The first bevel gear 311 drives the second bevel gear 321 to rotate through gear meshing. During the rotation, the second bevel gear 321 drives the first transmission rod 312 on its end face to make a circular motion. At the same time, it drives the first grooved wheel 326 to rotate intermittently through the first dial 325, and drives the third bevel gear 341 to rotate synchronously through meshing with the third bevel gear 341, thereby transmitting a single power source synchronously to three branches.

[0063] During gear pre-selection, the second bevel gear 321 drives the first dial 325 to rotate continuously. The first pin 3251 on the first dial 325 periodically actuates the first radial groove 3261 on the first grooved wheel 326, converting the continuous rotation into intermittent stepping rotation of the first grooved wheel 326. The stepping rotation of the first grooved wheel 326 drives the first transmission gears 323 at both ends to rotate via the first transmission shaft 322, causing the two transmission racks 324 to move the sliding frame 12 in a straight line along the insulating strip 211, so that the moving contact 213 moves to and contacts the stationary contact 212 of the target gear. During the transmission interval, the first arc-shaped rib 3252 enters the first grooved wheel 326 and is positioned in a self-locking state, maintaining stable contact of the contacts.

[0064] During gear shifting, the first transmission rod 312 moves in a circular motion with the second bevel gear 321, driving the rocker arm 3312 to oscillate reciprocally via the connecting rod 3311. In the early stage of oscillation, the rocker arm 3312 stretches the first elastic element 333 and accumulates elastic potential energy. When the transmission mechanism passes the critical position, the first elastic element 333 instantaneously releases its potential energy, pulling the second transmission rod 334 to rapidly rotate the control disk 332 and the second transmission shaft 221. The second transmission shaft 221 drives the cam 222 to rotate rapidly, using the eccentric arc-shaped slot 2221 to force the moving contact rod 224 to move rapidly up and down, thereby achieving high-speed synchronous opening and closing of the contacts inside the vacuum tube 223.

[0065] When performing a mechanical signal output action, the third bevel gear 341 receives the power transmitted by the second bevel gear 321, driving the third transmission shaft 342 and the second dial 343 to rotate synchronously. The second dial 343 drives the second grooved wheel 344 to rotate stepwise through the engagement of the second pin 3431 and the second radial groove 3441. The rotation of the second grooved wheel 344 is transmitted through the third transmission gear 345 and the fourth transmission gear 231, driving the contactor 232 to rotate synchronously stepwise, so that the contactor 232 connects to the target gear signal contact on the gear position disk 233 in sequence, outputting the electrical signal of the corresponding gear. Subsequently, the second grooved wheel 344 also enters a self-locking stop through the second arc-shaped rib 3432.

[0066] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this application. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made based on the technical concept of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A dry-type tap changer, characterized in that, include: Bearing mechanism (1); A switch actuator (2) is mounted on the support mechanism (1). The switch actuator (2) includes a gear pre-selection component (21), a gear switching component (22), and a signal output component (23). A switch transmission mechanism (3) is installed on the bearing mechanism (1). The switch transmission mechanism (3) includes a drive assembly (31), a first transmission assembly (32), a second transmission assembly (33), and a third transmission assembly (34). The drive assembly (31) includes a first bevel gear (311), a first transmission rod (312), and a drive member (313) that drives the first bevel gear (311) to rotate. The first transmission assembly (32) includes a second bevel gear (321) meshing with the first bevel gear (311), the first transmission rod (312) is fixed to the end face of the second bevel gear (321), and the second bevel gear (321) is connected to the gear pre-selection assembly (21) in a transmission manner; the second transmission assembly (33) includes a linkage rod group (331) rotatably connected to the first transmission rod (312), and the linkage rod group (331) is connected to the gear switching assembly (22) in a transmission manner; the third transmission assembly (34) includes a third bevel gear (341) meshing with the second bevel gear (321), and the third bevel gear (341) is connected to the signal output assembly (23) in a transmission manner.

2. A dry-type tap changer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bearing mechanism (1) includes a fixed frame (11) and a sliding frame (12). The gear pre-selection component (21) includes an insulating strip (211) fixed to the fixed frame (11), stationary contacts (212) arranged in an array along the length of the insulating strip (211), and a moving contact (213) installed on the sliding frame (12) and cooperating with the stationary contacts (212). The sliding frame (12) can move along the length of the insulating strip (211).

3. A dry-type tap changer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first transmission assembly (32) further includes a first transmission shaft (322), two first transmission gears (323) and two transmission racks (324). The two first transmission gears (323) are respectively fixed at both ends of the first transmission shaft (322), and the two transmission racks (324) are respectively fixed at both ends of the sliding frame (12). The two transmission racks (324) respectively cooperate with the corresponding first transmission gears (323). The transmission racks (324) are parallel to the insulating strip (211), and the transmission racks (324) are slidably connected to the fixed frame (11).

4. A dry-type tap changer according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first transmission assembly (32) further includes a first dial (325) and a first grooved wheel (326) coaxially fixed with the second bevel gear (321). The first transmission shaft (322) is coaxially fixed with the first grooved wheel (326). The end face of the first dial (325) is provided with a first pin (3251) and a first arc-shaped rib (3252). The first grooved wheel (326) is uniformly provided with a plurality of first radial grooves (3261) that cooperate with the first pin (3251) in the circumferential direction. A first arc-shaped groove (3262) that cooperates with the first arc-shaped rib (3252) is provided between two adjacent first radial grooves (3261). After the first pin (3251) rotates with the first dial (325) to disengage from the first radial groove (3261), the first arc-shaped rib (3252) is embedded in the first arc-shaped groove (3262).

5. A dry-type tap changer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The gear shifting assembly (22) includes a second drive shaft (221) rotatably connected to the fixed frame (11), a plurality of cams (222) fixed to the second drive shaft (221), a plurality of vacuum tubes (223) corresponding to the plurality of cams (222), and a plurality of movable contact rods (224) corresponding to the vacuum tubes (223) and arranged along the axial direction of the vacuum tubes (223). The movable contact rods (224) extend into the vacuum tubes (223). The cams (222) have arc-shaped slots (2221). The arc-shaped slots (2221) are eccentrically arranged relative to the axis of the second drive shaft (221). The upper end of the movable contact rods (224) extends into the arc-shaped slots (2221) and is slidably connected to the arc-shaped slots (2221).

6. A dry-type tap changer according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second transmission assembly (33) further includes a control disk (332) and a first elastic element (333). The control disk (332) has a second transmission rod (334) on its edge. The linkage group (331) includes a connecting rod (3311) and a rocker arm (3312). One end of the rocker arm (3312) is rotatably connected to the fixed frame (11), and the other end is rotatably connected to one end of the first elastic element (333). The end of the first elastic element (333) facing away from the rocker arm (3312) is rotatably connected to the second transmission rod (334). One end of the connecting rod (3311) is rotatably connected to the first transmission rod (312), and the other end of the connecting rod (3311) is rotatably connected to the position between the two ends of the rocker arm (3312). The control disk (332) is coaxially fixed with the second transmission shaft (221).

7. A dry-type tap changer according to claim 6, characterized in that, The third transmission assembly (34) includes a third transmission shaft (342), a second dial (343), and a second grooved wheel (344). The third transmission shaft (342) is rotatably connected to the fixed frame (11). The third transmission shaft (342) is coaxially fixed to the third bevel gear (341) and the second dial (343). The end face of the second dial (343) is provided with a second pin (3431) and a second arc-shaped rib (3432). The second grooved wheel (344) 4) A plurality of second radial grooves (3441) are evenly provided in the circumference to cooperate with the second pin (3431). A second arc groove (3442) that cooperates with the second arc rib (3432) is provided between two adjacent second radial grooves (3441). After the second pin (3431) rotates with the second dial (343) to disengage from the second radial groove (3441), the second arc rib (3432) is embedded in the second arc groove (3442).

8. A dry-type tap changer according to claim 7, characterized in that, The third transmission assembly (34) further includes a third transmission gear (345) coaxially fixed with the second grooved wheel (344). The signal output assembly (23) includes a fourth transmission gear (231) meshing with the third transmission gear (345), a contactor (232) coaxially fixed with the fourth transmission gear (231), and a gear position plate (233) fixed to the fixed frame (11). Multiple gear position signal contacts are arrayed on the surface of the gear position plate (233). When the contactor (232) rotates with the fourth transmission gear (231), it can sequentially contact and cooperate with the corresponding gear position signal contacts.

9. A dry-type tap changer according to claim 7, characterized in that, The third drive shaft (342) extends from the end opposite to the second dial (343) to the outside of the bracket (11) to form a hand crank end (3421) for connecting a manual operating tool.

10. A dry-type tap changer according to claim 7, characterized in that, The axis of the first bevel gear (311) and the axis of the third bevel gear (341) are located in the same horizontal plane and are perpendicular to each other. The axis of the second bevel gear (321) is perpendicular to the axis of the first bevel gear (311) and the axis of the third bevel gear (341), respectively. In the vertical direction, the control disk (332) is located between the first bevel gear (311) and the second dial (343).

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