Life cycle-based charging limit voltage adjustment method, system, and related devices

Abstract

The application provides a life cycle-based charging limit voltage adjustment method, system and related equipment, the method comprising: obtaining cumulative use aging data of a battery; comparing the cumulative use aging data with a preset stepwise aging threshold group to determine a target aging stage of the battery; determining a target charging limit voltage from a plurality of preset charging limit voltages corresponding to each aging stage according to the determined target aging stage; setting the determined target charging limit voltage as a voltage upper limit of the current charging process, and controlling the charging of the battery with the voltage upper limit. By automatically selecting a corresponding charging limit voltage as the voltage upper limit of the charging process according to different aging stages of the battery, the method can effectively prevent safety hazards caused by continuing to charge the aged battery with a high charging voltage, improve the safety and reliability of the battery throughout its life cycle, and prolong the service life of the battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery management technology, and in particular to a life-cycle-based charging limit voltage regulation method, system, and related equipment. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread use of portable electronic devices such as smartphones and laptops, power banks (such as power banks) have become an indispensable accessory in people's daily lives. The core component of a power bank is a lithium-ion battery, and its safety and lifespan are issues of great concern to both users and manufacturers. Currently, the charging management system (BMS) of a power bank is set with a fixed charging limit voltage (such as 4.2V or 4.35V) at the factory. This voltage value is usually constant throughout the product's lifespan.

[0003] The charging process of a power bank generally includes three stages: pre-charging, constant current charging, and constant voltage charging. When the battery voltage reaches the charging limit voltage, the charging process enters the constant voltage stage, and the charging current gradually decreases until it is fully charged. This charging strategy is safe and effective when the battery is first manufactured. However, during repeated charge-discharge cycles and long-term use, lithium-ion batteries undergo irreversible chemical changes, leading to performance degradation and aging. This is mainly manifested in increased internal resistance, capacity decay, and increased risk of lithium plating. Existing technologies use a fixed charging limit voltage strategy, ignoring the battery aging effect, which leads to serious overcharging and thermal runaway safety hazards in the later stages of the product's life cycle.

[0004] Therefore, existing technologies still need to be improved and developed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a lifecycle-based charging limit voltage regulation method, system, and related equipment. The main objective of this invention is to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background section of the prior art.

[0006] The first aspect of this invention provides a lifecycle-based charging limit voltage regulation method, comprising: Obtain the cumulative aging data of the battery; The cumulative aging data is compared with a preset set of step-by-step aging thresholds to determine the current target aging stage of the battery. Based on the determined target aging stage, a target charging limit voltage is determined from a plurality of preset charging limit voltages corresponding to each aging stage; The determined target charging limit voltage is set as the upper limit of the voltage for this charging process, and the battery is charged and controlled using the upper limit of the voltage.

[0007] In an optional embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the cumulative aging data is selected from at least one of the following: the cumulative usage time of the battery since its first use, or the cumulative charge and discharge energy processed by the battery.

[0008] In an optional embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the cumulative usage time of the battery since its first use is obtained by the following method: When the battery is used for the first time, a first-use timestamp is recorded and stored; In subsequent use, the cumulative usage time of the battery since its first use is obtained by calculating the difference between the current time and the first use timestamp.

[0009] In an optional embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the cumulative charge and discharge energy processed by the battery is obtained by the following means: The real-time voltage and real-time current of the battery are sampled at a preset sampling period. The cumulative charge and discharge energy processed by the battery is calculated by summing the absolute values ​​of the real-time voltage and the real-time current collected in each sampling period and the product of the sampling period.

[0010] In one optional embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the charging limit voltage corresponding to each of the aging stages decreases in a stepwise manner as the aging stage increases.

[0011] In an optional embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, when the battery is first activated for use, an initial aging marker is written into a preset non-volatile memory, the initial aging marker including one or more of the cumulative charge-discharge energy of zero value and the recorded first use timestamp.

[0012] In an optional embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, when the battery is a battery pack consisting of N cells connected in series, the upper voltage limit is set to n times the target charging limit voltage.

[0013] A second aspect of the present invention provides a lifecycle-based charging limit voltage regulation system, the lifecycle-based charging limit voltage regulation system comprising: The aging data acquisition module is used to acquire the cumulative aging data of the battery. The aging stage determination module is used to compare the cumulative aging data with a preset set of step-type aging thresholds to determine the target aging stage of the battery. The limiting voltage determination module is used to determine the target charging limiting voltage from a plurality of preset charging limiting voltages corresponding to each aging stage based on the determined target aging stage. The battery charging control module is used to set the determined target charging limit voltage as the upper limit voltage for this charging process, and to control the charging of the battery using the upper limit voltage.

[0014] A third aspect of the present invention provides a portable power bank, the portable power bank comprising: a memory and at least one processor, the memory storing instructions, and the memory and the at least one processor being interconnected via a circuit; The at least one processor invokes the instructions in the memory to cause the power bank to perform the lifecycle-based charging limit voltage regulation method as described in any one of the first aspects of the invention.

[0015] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the life-cycle-based charging limit voltage regulation method as described in any one of the first aspects of the present invention.

[0016] Beneficial Effects: This invention provides a life-cycle-based charging limit voltage regulation method, system, and related equipment. The method includes acquiring cumulative aging data of the battery; comparing the cumulative aging data with a preset set of stepped aging thresholds to determine the current target aging stage of the battery; determining a target charging limit voltage from multiple preset charging limit voltages corresponding to each aging stage based on the determined target aging stage; setting the determined target charging limit voltage as the upper voltage limit for the current charging process, and controlling the battery charging based on this upper voltage limit. This invention automatically selects the corresponding charging limit voltage as the upper voltage limit for the charging process according to different aging stages of the battery. Using this method, safety hazards caused by continuing to charge aged batteries at high charging voltages can be effectively prevented, improving the safety and reliability of the battery throughout its entire life cycle and extending its service life. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the life-cycle-based charging limit voltage regulation method of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the hardware closed-loop control of a life-cycle-based charging limit voltage regulation method according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the execution logic of a life-cycle-based charging limit voltage regulation method according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a dual-track voltage regulation strategy of the present invention; Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a life-cycle-based charging limit voltage regulation system according to the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a portable power bank according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc. (if present) in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" or "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0019] The first aspect of the present invention provides a lifecycle-based charging limit voltage regulation method, which can be applied to a battery management system (BMS) integrated into an electronic device containing a rechargeable lithium-ion battery, such as a power bank, energy storage device, laptop or smartphone. The method can be implemented by a firmware algorithm running on a microcontroller (MCU).

[0020] See Figure 1 The lifecycle-based charging limit voltage regulation method includes: S100: Obtain the cumulative aging data of the battery. Taking a power bank with a rated energy of 20Wh and a 4.2V charging limit voltage system as an example, the implementation process of each step of the present invention will be explained.

[0021] In this invention, when the power bank is used for the first time (e.g., the first time it is connected to a charger or the first time it is discharged), the system executes a one-time initialization program. The MCU determines whether it is the first use by detecting a specific flag bit in the non-volatile memory (NVM, such as EEPROM or Flash). The MCU sets the flag bit to initialized to prevent subsequent repeated execution. According to the aging data accumulation mode selected by the manufacturer, one or more initial aging flags are written into the non-volatile memory: if the energy accumulation mode is used, the accumulated charge and discharge energy (E_total) variable is initialized to 0 Wh; if the time accumulation mode is used, the current time is obtained as the first use timestamp (T_start) and stored in the non-volatile memory. That is, in an optional embodiment of the first aspect of this invention, when the battery is activated for the first time, an initial aging flag is written into the preset non-volatile memory. The initial aging flag includes one or more of the accumulated charge and discharge energy of zero value and the recorded first use timestamp.

[0022] Throughout the entire lifecycle of the power bank, the BMS system continuously acquires and updates the cumulative usage aging data. This invention mainly provides two modes: a first mode based on cumulative charge and discharge energy and a second mode based on cumulative usage time. In an optional embodiment of the first aspect of this invention, the cumulative usage aging data is selected from at least one of the following: the cumulative usage time of the battery since its first use, or the cumulative charge and discharge energy processed by the battery.

[0023] In the first mode, in an optional embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the cumulative charge and discharge energy processed by the battery is obtained by sampling the real-time voltage and real-time current of the battery at a preset sampling period; and calculating the cumulative charge and discharge energy processed by the battery by summing the absolute values ​​of the real-time voltage and the real-time current collected in each sampling period and the product of the sampling period.

[0024] Specifically, in the first mode, the monitoring module in the BMS system samples the real-time voltage U(t) and real-time current I(t) of the battery with high precision at a preset sampling period (e.g., Δt = seconds, i.e., the sampling frequency is 1Hz). The firmware timer in the MCU triggers an interrupt service routine once per second. In this routine, energy accumulation calculation is performed. The core of this calculation is to regard both charging and discharging processes as consumption of battery life. Therefore, it is necessary to take the absolute value of the current value. The formula for calculating the energy increment ΔE consumed in a single sampling period is ΔE = U(t) × |I(t)| × Δt. The MCU reads the old accumulated charge and discharge energy value E_total_old from the non-volatile memory and adds it to the currently calculated energy increment ΔE to obtain the new E_total_new = E_total_old + ΔE. The updated E_total_new value is periodically (e.g., every minute or after each charge / discharge event) written back to the non-volatile memory.

[0025] In the second mode, in an optional embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the cumulative usage time of the battery since its first use is obtained by: recording and storing a first use timestamp when the battery is first used; and in subsequent uses, obtaining the cumulative usage time of the battery since its first use by calculating the difference between the current time and the first use timestamp.

[0026] Specifically, the second mode of the present invention is mainly applied to charging and discharging products with limited hardware resources or simplified design. In the second mode, the MCU reads the first use timestamp T_start stored in the non-volatile memory and calculates the cumulative usage time T_elapsed through the internal real-time clock (RTC) or a simple timer.

[0027] S200. The accumulated aging data is compared with a preset stepped aging threshold group to determine the current target aging stage of the battery. In this invention, the stepped aging threshold group is set differently depending on the mode in which the accumulated aging data is used. Specifically, it can be set as follows: For the first mode (cumulative charge / discharge energy), with the rated energy E_rated of the power bank being 20Wh, the corresponding stepped aging threshold group can be set as a preset multiple of the rated energy: for example, threshold 1 (Th_1) = 70 × E_rated = 1400Wh; threshold 2 (Th_2) = 140 × E_rated = 2800Wh; threshold 3 (Th_3) = 210 × E_rated = 4200Wh. The corresponding aging stage settings can be as follows: if the cumulative charge / discharge energy E_total < 1400Wh, it is judged as the healthy period (stage 0); if 1400Wh ≤ E_total < 2800Wh, it is judged as the initial aging period; if 2800Wh ≤ E_total < 4200Wh, it is judged as the moderate aging period (stage 2); if E_total ≥ 4200Wh, it is judged as the deep aging period (stage 3).

[0028] Note: The reasons for choosing 70, 140, and 210 as the multiple thresholds are as follows: Based on experimental data obtained from actual tests: Cycle life of NMC ternary lithium batteries: 100% DoD (fully discharged): approximately 300 cycles; 60% DoD (partially discharged): approximately 600 cycles; Actual usage scenarios of power banks: Average depth of discharge: 50-70%; Actual equivalent cycle life: between 300-600 cycles; 70 cycles account for approximately 12-23% of the total lifespan. At this point, the battery is in its "youthful" stage, but has already begun to show early signs of aging: Increased internal resistance: 5-10%; Capacity decay: 5-8%; SEI film begins to thicken. First stage: 0 → 70 cycles (spanning 70 cycles); Second stage: 70 → 140 cycles (spanning 70 cycles); Third stage: 140 → 210 cycles (spanning 70 cycles).

[0029] For the second mode (cumulative usage time), the tiered aging thresholds can be set as follows: Threshold 1 (Th_1) = 18 months, Threshold 2 (Th_2) = 30 months, and Threshold 3 (Th_3) = 42 months. The corresponding aging stages can be set as follows: If the cumulative usage time T_elapsed < 18 months, it is judged as the healthy period (stage 0); if 18 months ≤ T_elapsed < 30 months, it is judged as the early aging period; if 30 months ≤ T_elapsed < 42 months, it is judged as the moderate aging period (stage 2); if T_elapsed ≥ 42 months, it is judged as the deep aging period (stage 3).

[0030] In step S200, the MCU compares the data sequentially with a preset set of step-by-step aging thresholds to determine the current aging stage of the battery.

[0031] S300. Based on the determined target aging stage, determine the target charging limit voltage from a plurality of preset charging limit voltages corresponding to each aging stage. In this invention, different aging stages correspond to different charging limit voltages. Taking the first mode as an example, the charging limit voltages corresponding to different aging stages can be as follows: Healthy period (stage 0), charging limit voltage U_limit_dynamic = 4.10V (initial charging limit voltage); Early aging period (stage 1), U_limit_dynamic = 4.05V (initial voltage decreases by 0.05V); Moderate aging period (stage 2), U_limit_dynamic = 4.00V (initial voltage decreases by 0.05V); Deep aging period (stage 3), lockout protection, charging and discharging are prohibited. Taking the second mode as an example, the charging limit voltages corresponding to different aging stages can be as follows: Healthy period (stage 0), charging limit voltage U_limit_dynamic = 4.20V (initial charging limit voltage); Early aging period (stage 1), U_limit_dynamic = 4.10V (initial voltage decreases by 0.10V); Moderate aging period (stage 2), U_limit_dynamic = 4.05V. (Initial voltage decreases by 0.05V); Deep aging period (stage 3), U_limit_dynamic = 4.00V (initial voltage decreases by 0.05V), in the second mode (cumulative time), as the usage time progresses (18 months, 30 months, 42 months), the charging voltage decreases stepwise from 4.2V to 4.0V. That is, in an optional embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the charging limit voltage corresponding to each aging stage decreases stepwise as the aging stage increases.

[0032] In step S300, the MCU will determine a target charging limit voltage U_limit_dynamic based on the determined aging stage.

[0033] S400: The determined target charging limit voltage is set as the upper voltage limit for this charging process, and the battery is charged using the upper voltage limit. In this step of the invention, the MCU writes the target charging limit voltage value determined in step S300 into the voltage regulation register of the charging management chip via I2C, SMBus, or other communication interfaces. The charging management chip strictly uses this target charging limit voltage value as the upper voltage limit for the constant voltage stage of this charging process. When the charging process starts, and the battery voltage reaches the target charging limit voltage value, the charging mode switches from constant current to constant voltage, and the charging current gradually decreases, effectively avoiding overcharging of the aging battery.

[0034] In an optional embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, when the battery is a battery pack consisting of N cells connected in series, the upper limit of the voltage is set to n times the target charging limit voltage. In this embodiment of the present invention, if the power bank uses a battery pack consisting of n cells connected in series (e.g., a 7.4V laptop battery consisting of 2 cells connected in series), the calculation method for the overall charging voltage upper limit is as follows: First, the dynamic charging limit voltage of a single cell is determined according to step S300 (e.g., determined to be 4.05V during the moderate aging period). Then, the single cell voltage is multiplied by the number of cells connected in series n to obtain the overall charging voltage upper limit of the battery pack = 4.05V × 2 = 8.10V. The MCU sets 8.10V as the upper limit of the charging voltage for the entire battery pack.

[0035] To better illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, a specific embodiment is provided as follows: See Figure 2 The overall hardware architecture of the system mainly includes a microcontroller (MCU, 101): as the control core of the system, it is responsible for running the core algorithm of this invention, processing data, and issuing control commands.

[0036] Battery cell (102): one or more lithium-ion battery cells connected in series or parallel.

[0037] Monitoring module (103): Connected to the battery cell, it is used to collect the battery's voltage, current and temperature status parameters in real time and transmit the data to the MCU.

[0038] Non-volatile memory (NVM, 104): such as EEPROM or Flash memory, integrated inside the MCU or as a standalone chip, is used to permanently store the battery’s cumulative usage data (such as first use time, cumulative charge and discharge energy) and the current charging limit voltage level, ensuring that the data is not lost after the device is powered off.

[0039] Charging control module (105): Typically consists of a charging management chip and related MOSFET switches. It receives instructions from the MCU and precisely controls the charging process of the battery cells (on, off, voltage / current regulation).

[0040] The system of this invention mainly consists of five core modules: a microcontroller (MCU) as the brain; a monitoring module as the senses, responsible for collecting battery status data; a non-volatile memory (NVM) as memory, responsible for long-term storage of aging data; a charging control module as the hands and feet, responsible for executing charging operations; and the battery cells as the managed objects. These modules work together to form a complete closed loop of data acquisition, processing, decision-making, and execution.

[0041] At the software level, the firmware running on the MCU is the soul of this invention. It contains a lifecycle management module, which is key to realizing the functions of this invention. This module is responsible for initialization when the product is used for the first time, continuously accumulating aging data (time or energy) during subsequent use, and calculating a dynamic and safe charging voltage upper limit for each charge based on a preset stepped aging model, and finally instructing the hardware to execute the command.

[0042] The entire system workflow of this invention is an event-driven sequence. Starting from when the user connects the charger, the system is awakened, the MCU reads the aging data in the NVM, the lifecycle management module makes a decision, and then the decision result (new voltage upper limit) is passed to the charging control module. Throughout the charging process, the monitoring module continuously provides feedback on the battery status to ensure that the charging process strictly adheres to the dynamically set safety boundaries.

[0043] Specifically, see Figure 3 The detailed process of the software algorithm running in the MCU is as follows: Step S201: Initialization: When the power bank is used for the first time (first charge or discharge), the system initializes. The MCU obtains the current time as the first use timestamp T_start, and / or initializes the cumulative charge / discharge energy E_total to 0. These initial values ​​are immediately written to the non-volatile memory (104). At the same time, the system reads the manufacturer-set "initial charging limit voltage U_limit_initial" (e.g., 4.2V) from the BMS configuration.

[0044] Step S202: Cumulative Usage Monitoring: During the subsequent use of the power bank, the system continuously monitors and accumulates its usage. This invention provides two parallel "dual-track" aging assessment models, one of which can be selected by the manufacturer (see Appendix). Figure 4 ): a) Time accumulation mode: The firmware in the MCU calculates the difference between the current time and T_start in real time or periodically to obtain the "cumulative usage time T_elapsed".

[0045] b) Energy accumulation mode: The monitoring module (103) measures the charging and discharging current and voltage in real time, and the MCU accumulates the total accumulated charging and discharging energy E_total by integral calculation (energy = ∫U×I×dt).

[0046] Detailed implementation principle of energy accumulation mode: Energy accumulation is one of the core technologies of this invention. Its theoretical basis comes from the power-energy relationship in electricity. At any time t, the instantaneous power of the battery is P(t) = U(t) × I(t), where U(t) is voltage and I(t) is current. The total energy transmitted by the battery over a period of time is the power integral over time, E = ∫P(t)dt = ∫U(t) × I(t)dt.

[0047] Since microcontrollers cannot perform continuous mathematical integration, the actual implementation uses discrete sampling and numerical integration. The MCU samples the battery voltage and current at a fixed time interval Δt (1 second is recommended), converting continuous integration into discrete summation E_total≈Σ[U(n)×I(n)×Δt].

[0048] Specific implementation algorithm: / / Timer interrupt service function (executes once every 1 second) void Timer_ISR_EnergyAccumulation() { / / 1. Read real-time data from the monitoring module float voltage = read_battery_voltage(); / / Unit: V float current = read_battery_current(); / / Unit: A (positive for charging, negative for discharging) / / 2. Calculate the energy increment within the current sampling period. float delta_t = 1.0 / 3600.0; / / Convert 1 second to hours float delta_energy=voltage*abs(current)*delta_t; / / Unit: Wh / / 3. Accumulate energy according to the direction of current. if (current>0.01) { / / Charging status E_charge += delta_energy; } else if (current<-0.01) { / / Discharge state E_discharge += delta_energy; } / / 4. Update total energy E_total = E_charge + E_discharge; / / 5. Periodically write to non-volatile memory if (sample_counter%60==0) { / / Write once every 60 seconds write_to_nvm("E_total", E_total); } }

[0049] Key technical parameters: Sampling frequency: 1Hz (once per second) is recommended to balance accuracy and power consumption; Measurement accuracy: Voltage ±1%, Current ±2%, Overall energy error ≤ ±5%; Data storage: Employing a wear leveling algorithm, the Flash memory lifespan can reach over 10 years; Error compensation: Perform zero-point calibration and temperature compensation of the current sensor regularly; Practical application example: For a 20Wh power bank, assuming an average energy output of 35Wh per complete charge-discharge cycle (19.75Wh charging + 15.4Wh discharging), it would take approximately 40 cycles to reach the first-stage threshold of 70 × 20Wh = 1400Wh. High-frequency users (2 cycles per day) would reach this in about 20 days, while low-frequency users (1 cycle per week) would reach it in about 10 months. This demonstrates the advantage of energy patterns more accurately reflecting actual usage intensity.

[0050] The accumulated data will be periodically updated to non-volatile memory (104) (e.g., after each charge and discharge cycle) to prevent data loss.

[0051] Step S203: Aging Stage Judgment and Voltage Adjustment Decision Before each charge begins or during the charging process, the MCU reads the accumulated usage data (T_elapsed or E_total) from NVM (104) and determines the aging stage of the battery based on the preset stepped threshold, thereby deciding on the dynamic charging limit voltage U_limit_dynamic to be used.

[0052] Time-pattern-based decision-making algorithms: T_elapsed=read_from_nvm("elapsed_time"); U_limit_initial=4.2; / / Assume initial voltage is 4.2V IF (T_elapsed < 18 months) { U_limit_dynamic=U_limit_initial; / / Remain unchanged } ELSE IF (T_elapsed>=18 months AND T_elapsed<30 months) { U_limit_dynamic=U_limit_initial-0.1; / / First stage of pressure reduction } ELSE IF (T_elapsed>=30 months AND T_elapsed<42 months) { U_limit_dynamic = U_limit_initial - 0.15; / / Second stage of pressure reduction } ELSE IF (T_elapsed>=42 months) { U_limit_dynamic=U_limit_initial-0.2; / / Third stage of pressure reduction } Energy pattern-based decision-making algorithm: E_total=read_from_nvm("total_energy"); E_rated = get_rated_energy(); / / Get the battery's rated energy, such as 20Wh U_limit_initial=4.2; IF (E_total<70*E_rated) { U_limit_dynamic=U_limit_initial-0.1; / / First stage of pressure reduction } ELSE IF (E_total>=70 * E_rated AND E_total<140*E_rated) { U_limit_dynamic = U_limit_initial - 0.15; / / Second stage of pressure reduction } ELSE IF (E_total>=140 * E_rated AND E_total<210*E_rated) { U_limit_dynamic=U_limit_initial-0.2; / / Third stage of pressure reduction }

[0053] For a battery pack with multiple cells connected in series, the total charging limit voltage is n*U_limit_dynamic, where n is the number of cells connected in series.

[0054] Step S204: Charging control execution: The MCU calculates U_limit_dynamic as the target voltage for this round of charging and sets it to the charging control module (105).

[0055] The charging control module (105) strictly follows this dynamic voltage limit to perform the charging process. When the monitoring module (103) detects that the voltage of any battery cell reaches U_limit_dynamic, the system immediately switches from constant current charging to constant voltage charging and stabilizes the voltage at U_limit_dynamic, or stops charging directly, thereby effectively avoiding over-voltage charging of aging batteries.

[0056] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: 1. Significantly improves safety throughout the entire life cycle: This invention fundamentally solves the problem of disguised overcharging caused by battery aging. By actively reducing the upper limit of charging voltage, it effectively suppresses dangerous side reactions such as lithium plating and gas production in aged batteries under high voltage, greatly reducing the probability of safety accidents such as bulging, leakage, and thermal runaway in the later stages of the product's life cycle.

[0057] 2. Extend the safe service life of the product: Due to the adoption of a gentler charging strategy that is more in line with the aging process, this invention slows down the performance degradation rate of the battery in the later stages of its life cycle, thereby extending the overall safe and reliable service life of the power bank.

[0058] 3. Low implementation cost and easy to promote: The core of this invention is the upgrade of software algorithm. It only needs to utilize the existing MCU, memory and monitoring circuit in BMS, without adding additional hardware costs. Therefore, this solution is very easy to deploy and promote on existing mobile power bank production lines.

[0059] 4. The technical solution has high reliability and adaptability: The "dual-track" aging assessment model (time or energy) enables the invention to flexibly adapt to the usage habits of different users (high-frequency heavy use or low-frequency long-term storage), ensuring that the battery aging degree can be reasonably assessed and protected in various scenarios.

[0060] See Figure 5 A second aspect of the present invention provides a lifecycle-based charging limit voltage regulation system, the lifecycle-based charging limit voltage regulation system comprising: The aging data acquisition module 10 is used to acquire the cumulative aging data of the battery. The aging stage determination module 20 is used to compare the cumulative aging data with a preset set of step-type aging thresholds to determine the target aging stage of the battery. The limiting voltage determination module 30 is used to determine the target charging limiting voltage from a plurality of preset charging limiting voltages corresponding to each aging stage based on the determined target aging stage. The battery charging control module 40 is used to set the determined target charging limit voltage as the upper limit voltage for this charging process, and to control the charging of the battery using the upper limit voltage.

[0061] In an optional embodiment of the second aspect of the invention, the cumulative aging data is selected from at least one of the following: the cumulative usage time of the battery since its first use, or the cumulative charge and discharge energy processed by the battery.

[0062] In an optional embodiment of the second aspect of the invention, the cumulative usage time of the battery since its first use is obtained by the following method: When the battery is used for the first time, a first-use timestamp is recorded and stored; In subsequent use, the cumulative usage time of the battery since its first use is obtained by calculating the difference between the current time and the first use timestamp.

[0063] In an optional embodiment of the second aspect of the invention, the cumulative charge and discharge energy processed by the battery is obtained by the following method: The real-time voltage and real-time current of the battery are sampled at a preset sampling period. The cumulative charge and discharge energy processed by the battery is calculated by summing the absolute values ​​of the real-time voltage and the real-time current collected in each sampling period and the product of the sampling period.

[0064] In an optional embodiment of the second aspect of the invention, the charging limit voltage corresponding to each of the aging stages decreases in a stepwise manner as the aging stage increases.

[0065] In an optional embodiment of the second aspect of the invention, when the battery is first activated for use, an initial aging marker is written into a preset non-volatile memory, the initial aging marker including one or more of the cumulative charge-discharge energy of zero value and the recorded first use timestamp.

[0066] In an optional embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, when the battery is a battery pack consisting of N cells connected in series, the upper voltage limit is set to n times the target charging limit voltage.

[0067] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of a portable power bank provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The portable power bank can vary significantly due to differences in configuration or performance, and may include one or more processors 50 (central processing units, CPUs) (e.g., one or more processors) and a memory 60, and one or more storage media 70 (e.g., one or more mass storage devices) for storing applications or data. The memory and storage media can be short-term or long-term storage. The program stored in the storage media may include one or more modules (not shown in the diagram), each module including a series of instruction operations on the portable power bank. Furthermore, the processor may be configured to communicate with the storage media and execute the series of instruction operations stored in the storage media on the portable power bank.

[0068] The portable power bank of this invention may also include one or more power sources 80, one or more wired or wireless network interfaces 90, one or more input / output interfaces 100, and / or one or more operating systems, such as Windows Server, Mac OS X, Unix, Linux, FreeBSD, etc. Those skilled in the art will understand that... Figure 6 The illustrated power bank structure does not constitute a limitation on the power bank and may include more or fewer components than illustrated, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0069] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which may be a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium or a volatile computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the steps of the lifecycle-based charging limit voltage regulation method.

[0070] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working process of the system or system / unit described above can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0071] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0072] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A life-cycle-based charging limit voltage regulation method, characterized in that, include: Obtain the cumulative aging data of the battery; The cumulative aging data is compared with a preset set of step-by-step aging thresholds to determine the current target aging stage of the battery. Based on the determined target aging stage, a target charging limit voltage is determined from a plurality of preset charging limit voltages corresponding to each aging stage; The determined target charging limit voltage is set as the upper limit of the voltage for this charging process, and the battery is charged and controlled using the upper limit of the voltage.

2. The life-cycle-based charging limit voltage regulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cumulative aging data is selected from at least one of the following: the cumulative usage time of the battery since its first use, or the cumulative charge and discharge energy processed by the battery.

3. The life-cycle-based charging limit voltage regulation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cumulative usage time of the battery since its first use is obtained in the following way: When the battery is used for the first time, a first-use timestamp is recorded and stored; In subsequent use, the cumulative usage time of the battery since its first use is obtained by calculating the difference between the current time and the first use timestamp.

4. The life-cycle-based charging limit voltage regulation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cumulative charge and discharge energy processed by the battery is obtained through the following methods: The real-time voltage and real-time current of the battery are sampled at a preset sampling period. The cumulative charge and discharge energy processed by the battery is calculated by summing the absolute values ​​of the real-time voltage and the real-time current collected in each sampling period and the product of the sampling period.

5. The life-cycle-based charging limit voltage regulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charging limit voltage corresponding to each aging stage decreases in a stepwise manner as the aging stage increases.

6. The life-cycle-based charging limit voltage regulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the battery is first activated and used, an initial aging marker is written into a preset non-volatile memory. The initial aging marker includes one or more of the following: a cumulative charge-discharge energy of zero value and a recorded first-use timestamp.

7. The life-cycle-based charging limit voltage regulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the battery is a battery pack consisting of N cells connected in series, the upper voltage limit is set to n times the target charging limit voltage.

8. A life-cycle-based charging limit voltage regulation system, characterized in that, The lifecycle-based charging limit voltage regulation system includes: The aging data acquisition module is used to acquire the cumulative aging data of the battery. The aging stage determination module is used to compare the cumulative aging data with a preset set of step-type aging thresholds to determine the target aging stage of the battery. The limiting voltage determination module is used to determine the target charging limiting voltage from a plurality of preset charging limiting voltages corresponding to each aging stage based on the determined target aging stage. The battery charging control module is used to set the determined target charging limit voltage as the upper limit voltage for this charging process, and to control the charging of the battery using the upper limit voltage.

9. A portable power bank, characterized in that, The power bank includes: a memory and at least one processor, wherein the memory stores instructions, and the memory and the at least one processor are interconnected via a line; The at least one processor invokes the instructions in the memory to cause the power bank to perform the lifecycle-based charging limit voltage regulation method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the lifecycle-based charging limit voltage regulation method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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