One-way tool changing mechanism with mechanical driving structure and tool changing method

Abstract

The present application relates to tool changing mechanism technical field, especially to a kind of one-way loose tool tool changing mechanism and tool changing method with mechanical driving structure, tool changing mechanism is slidably arranged on support seat, and the both sides of tool changing mechanism are provided with loose tool mechanism, and loose tool mechanism includes first ejector rod, second ejector rod and reversing gear, and reversing gear is rotatably arranged at the intersection position of first ejector rod and second ejector rod by pin shaft, and the end of first ejector rod away from reversing gear is abutted on loose tool block;Support seat is provided with the position of the corresponding main shaft side and the tool magazine side tool changing point of loose tool block, and the two loose tool blocks are respectively used to drive the second ejector rod, reversing gear and first ejector rod of corresponding side are sequentially linked, finally drive the loose tool block of corresponding side moves along the axial direction of rotation axis, and one-way loose tool action is completed.The present application uses loose tool mechanism of pure mechanical linkage of loose tool mechanism of linkage loose tool mechanism, and the loose tool of tool changing mechanism is completely decoupled with workshop gas supply system, and the operation stability and reliability of tool changing mechanism are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tool changing mechanism technology, and in particular to a one-way tool changing mechanism and tool changing method with a mechanical drive structure. Background Technology

[0002] Existing tool changing mechanisms are typically equipped with a traversing mechanism that can slide along a preset path. The tool changing mechanism reciprocates between the tool magazine changing point and the spindle changing point via this traversing mechanism. The tool release action of the tool changing arm depends on the cooperation of the tool release block and the cylinder. Specifically, after the tool changing mechanism moves to the tool magazine changing point or the spindle changing point and is positioned via the traversing mechanism, the PLC sends a control signal to control the opening and closing of the solenoid valve, so that the air source supplies air to the cylinder, driving the cylinder piston rod to extend and retract, thereby driving the tool release block to move to the tool release position. Subsequently, the tool changing arm rotates, realizing the tool lock of the tool changing arm onto the tool.

[0003] However, in industrial workshops, multiple pieces of equipment often share the same air source. This usage pattern easily leads to unstable fluctuations in air source pressure. The pushing force and movement stroke of the tool release block depend on the air source pressure of the cylinder. Fluctuations in air source pressure will directly result in insufficient cylinder output thrust and incomplete piston rod extension and retraction, which in turn will cause the tool release block to fail to move to the preset tool release position, resulting in incomplete tool release. This problem will directly affect the tool-locking action of the tool changing arm, and may even cause tool jamming, tool collision and other malfunctions, seriously restricting the operational reliability of the tool changing mechanism. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a unidirectional tool release and tool changing mechanism and a tool changing method with a mechanical drive structure, which can effectively solve the problems in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A unidirectional tool changing mechanism with a mechanical drive structure, wherein the tool changing mechanism is slidably mounted on a support base, and tool releasing mechanisms are provided on both sides of the tool changing mechanism along the sliding direction of the tool changing mechanism, the tool releasing mechanism comprising: The first push rod has its axis parallel to the axis of rotation and lies in the same horizontal plane; The second push rod is set perpendicular to the first push rod; A reversing wheel is rotatably mounted at the intersection of the first push rod and the second push rod via a pin, and is used to convert the vertical movement of the second push rod into the lateral movement of the first push rod; The end of the first push rod away from the reversing wheel abuts against the knife release block; The support base is equipped with a stop block at the tool change point corresponding to the spindle side and the tool magazine side. The two stop blocks are used to drive the second push rod, the reversing wheel and the first push rod on the corresponding side to move in sequence, and finally drive the tool release block on the corresponding side to move along the axial direction of the rotation axis to complete the one-way tool release action.

[0006] Furthermore, a protruding ring is provided at the end of the outer sleeve of the tool changing mechanism near the tool changing arm; The convex ring has a groove on its annular end face facing the tool changing arm, and the tool loosening block can be slidably fitted into the groove along the axial direction of the rotation axis; One end of the first push rod extends into the groove and abuts against the loosening block.

[0007] Furthermore, a first guide block is provided at the end of the first push rod near the reversing wheel. The first guide block is fixedly mounted on the side wall of the outer sleeve, and the first push rod slides in cooperation with the hole wall of the first guide block.

[0008] Furthermore, the knife release mechanism also includes a reset component; The reset assembly includes at least one set of pull rods and a reset spring sleeved on the pull rods; One end of the pull rod is fixedly connected to the end face of the release block facing the first push rod. The pull rod extends along the axial direction of the rotation shaft toward the reversing wheel. The return spring is sleeved on one end of the pull rod that extends out of the convex ring, and one end of the return spring abuts against the end protrusion of the pull rod, while the other end abuts against the convex ring.

[0009] Furthermore, a second guide block is provided corresponding to the second push rod, and the second guide block is fixedly assembled on the housing of the tool changing mechanism; The second guide block has a first guide groove near the side of the impact block and a second guide groove near the side of the reversing wheel, and the first guide groove and the second guide groove are coaxially connected. The second push rod is coaxially inserted into the first guide groove and the second guide groove, and the outer wall of the second push rod is slidably engaged with the groove wall of the second guide groove; a limiting boss is fixed to the shaft segment of the second push rod corresponding to the first guide groove, and the limiting boss is slidably engaged with the groove wall of the first guide groove.

[0010] Furthermore, an elastic element is provided in the first guide groove, the elastic element is sleeved on the second top rod, one end of the elastic element abuts against the limiting boss, and the other end abuts against the dividing step surface between the first guide groove and the second guide groove.

[0011] Furthermore, the first guide groove includes a sliding groove and a receiving groove arranged coaxially, the diameter of the sliding groove is larger than the diameter of the receiving groove, and a limiting step is formed at the end of the sliding groove near the receiving groove; The elastic element is placed in the receiving groove, the limiting boss slides with the groove wall of the sliding groove, and a buffer groove is also provided between the receiving groove and the second guide groove.

[0012] Furthermore, the top surface of the impact block is provided with a continuous guide slope and a horizontal release plane; Along the sliding path of the tool changing mechanism, the front and rear parts of the horizontal tool release plane of the impact block at the tool magazine side tool changing point are connected to the guide slope. The impact block corresponding to the tool change point on the spindle side has a guide slope connected to the front part of its horizontal tool release plane; The horizontal tool release plane is arranged parallel to the sliding path of the tool changing mechanism, and the guide slope is inclined in a direction away from the horizontal tool release plane and away from the second push rod.

[0013] Furthermore, the reversing wheel includes a first lever and a second lever arranged at an angle; The vertex of the included angle between the first lever and the second lever is fixed coaxially with the pin, and the reversing wheel rotates around its own included angle vertex via the pin; The end of the first lever away from the vertex of the included angle abuts against the end face of the first push rod facing the reversing wheel, and the end of the second lever away from the vertex of the included angle abuts against the end face of the second push rod facing the reversing wheel.

[0014] The present invention also provides a unidirectional tool release and tool changing method with a mechanical drive structure, which employs the aforementioned unidirectional tool release and tool changing mechanism with a mechanical drive structure and includes the following steps: The tool changing mechanism is driven to move horizontally towards the tool magazine. The tool magazine side impact block drives the corresponding second push rod to move. The first push rod moves after the reversing wheel changes direction, pushing the tool release block to the tool release station. The tool changing arm rotates forward to complete the tool magazine side tool locking. The tool changing mechanism moves in the reverse direction, the second push rod on the tool magazine side disengages from the impact block and resets, the tool release block returns to the tool locking position to lock the tool changing arm, and the tool changing mechanism drives the tool changing arm to complete the tool removal; When the tool changing arm rotates 90°, the tool changing mechanism moves towards the spindle. When the second push rod on the tool magazine side passes the tool magazine side impact block, the tool release block and the tool changing arm safety pin are misaligned, and the tool changing mechanism slides smoothly. The tool changing mechanism continues to move horizontally, and the spindle-side impact block drives the corresponding second push rod to move. After the reversing wheel changes direction, it drives the first push rod to move, pushing the tool release block to the tool release station. The tool changing arm rotates to complete the spindle-side tool locking. The tool changing mechanism retracts in the reverse direction, the second push rod on the spindle side disengages from the impact block and resets, the tool release block returns to the tool locking position to lock the tool changing arm, and the tool changing mechanism drives the tool changing arm to complete the spindle tool removal; Drive the tool changer arm to rotate, and move it in conjunction with the tool changer mechanism to insert the tool taken out of the tool magazine into the spindle; The tool changer arm rotates 90° in the opposite direction to reset, and the tool changer mechanism returns to its initial position, inserting the tool removed from the spindle into the tool magazine, thus completing a single tool change cycle.

[0015] The technical solution of this invention can achieve the following technical effects: This invention employs a purely mechanically linked tool release mechanism, completely decoupling the tool release mechanism from the workshop's air supply system. This eliminates defects such as incomplete tool release and tool release malfunctions caused by air pressure fluctuations and leaks, significantly improving the operational stability and reliability of the tool change mechanism. Simultaneously, the rigid cooperation between the impact block and the linked tool release mechanism enables the synchronous completion of the tool change point positioning action and the tool release action, eliminating the need for additional control waiting time for the tool release action. This effectively shortens the overall tool change time and improves the equipment's processing efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a one-way tool release and tool change mechanism with a mechanical drive structure; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the tool release state from the first-view perspective of the tool change point on the tool magazine side; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the tool release state from the second perspective of the tool change point on the tool magazine side; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the tool release state from the first-view perspective of the tool change point on the spindle side; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the tool release state from the second perspective at the tool change point on the spindle side; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation of the second push rod inside the second guide block; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation of the first push rod and the release block, and the release block and the reset assembly; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the second guide block.

[0017] Reference numerals: 1. Tool changing mechanism; 11. Outer sleeve; 12. Protruding ring; 12a. Groove; 2. Support base; 3. Tool releasing mechanism; 31. First push rod; 32. Second push rod; 32a. Limiting boss; 33. Reversing wheel; 331. First lever; 332. Second lever; 4. Tool releasing block; 5. Impact block; 51. Guide slope; 52. Horizontal tool releasing surface; 6. First guide block; 7. Reset assembly; 71. Pull rod; 72. Reset spring; 8. Second guide block; 81. First guide groove; 81a. Slide groove; 81b. Receiving groove; 81c. Air venting groove; 82. Second guide groove; 9. Elastic element. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0019] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0020] like Figures 1-8 As shown, this application provides a one-way tool changing mechanism 1 with a mechanical drive structure. The tool changing mechanism 1 is slidably mounted on the support base 2 and can reciprocate between the tool magazine changing point and the spindle changing point along a preset path. The tool changing mechanism 1 has a built-in tool changing arm, a rotating shaft that drives the tool changing arm to rotate, and a tool releasing block 4 that slides axially along the rotating shaft. The tool releasing block 4 is used to unlock the rotation locking structure of the tool changing arm and trigger the tool releasing action of the corresponding side tool sleeve or spindle.

[0021] Along the sliding direction of the tool changing mechanism 1, tool releasing mechanisms 3 are provided on both sides of the tool changing mechanism 1. The tool releasing mechanism 3 includes: a first push rod 31, a second push rod 32, and a reversing wheel 33. The axis of the first push rod 31 is parallel to the axis of the rotating shaft and is located in the same horizontal plane. The second push rod 32 is set perpendicular to the first push rod 31. The reversing wheel 33 is rotatably set at the intersection of the first push rod 31 and the second push rod 32 through a pin, and is used to convert the vertical movement of the second push rod 32 into the lateral movement of the first push rod 31. The end of the first push rod 31 away from the reversing wheel 33 abuts against the tool release block 4; the support base 2 is provided with a stop block 5 at the tool change point on the spindle side and the tool magazine side respectively. The two stop blocks 5 are used to drive the second push rod 32, the reversing wheel 33 and the first push rod 31 on the corresponding side to move in sequence, and finally drive the tool release block 4 on the corresponding side to move along the axis of rotation to complete the one-way tool release action.

[0022] In this embodiment, the two sets of linked tool release mechanisms 3 correspond to the unidirectional tool release requirements of the tool magazine tool change point and the spindle tool change point, respectively, and do not interfere with each other. It should be noted that the pin installation position of the reversing wheel 33 is precisely calibrated so that the transmission ratio of the vertical displacement of the second push rod 32 to the lateral displacement of the first push rod 31 is perfectly matched with the designed tool release stroke of the tool release block 4. At the same time, the moving stroke and pushing force of the tool release block 4 are guaranteed by the dimensional accuracy of the mechanical structure to ensure the consistency and controllability of the tool release action.

[0023] When the tool changing mechanism 1 slides along the support base 2 to the tool changing point on the tool magazine side to perform the tool retrieval action, the impact block 5 on the support base 2 corresponding to the tool changing point on the tool magazine side rigidly contacts the second push rod 32 of the tool release mechanism 3 on the tool magazine side of the tool changing mechanism 1, and applies a vertical pushing force to the second push rod 32, triggering the activation linkage of the tool release mechanism 3 on that side; the second push rod 32 generates a vertical displacement due to the pushing action of the impact block 5, pushing the reversing wheel 33 to rotate around the pin shaft. The rotation direction can be adapted to clockwise or counterclockwise according to the overall layout of the mechanism; the reversing wheel 33, through its own rotation, accurately converts the vertical linear motion of the second push rod 32 into the horizontal linear motion of the first push rod 31 along the axis of rotation, driving the first push rod 31 to move synchronously to the side of the tool release block 4; the first push rod 31 applies a rigid pushing force to the tool release block 4, driving the tool release block 4 to move along the axis of rotation to the preset tool release position. At this time, the tool changing arm rotates around the axis of rotation, completing the tool locking action of the target tool in the tool magazine.

[0024] Similarly, when the tool changing mechanism 1 slides along the support base 2 to the tool changing point on the spindle side to perform the tool changing action, the impact block 5 corresponding to the tool changing point on the spindle side of the support base 2 rigidly contacts the second push rod 32 of the tool releasing mechanism 3 on the spindle side of the tool changing mechanism 1, and applies a vertical pushing force to the second push rod 32, triggering the tool releasing mechanism 3 on that side to start linkage; through the sequential linkage of the second push rod 32, the reversing wheel 33 and the first push rod 31, an axial pushing force is applied to the tool releasing block 4, driving the tool releasing block 4 to move along the axis of the rotating shaft to the preset tool releasing position, and in conjunction with the rotation of the tool changing arm and the translational movement of the tool changing mechanism 1, the tool taking and inserting action of the spindle is completed.

[0025] This invention employs a purely mechanically linked tool release mechanism 3, which completely decouples the tool release of the tool changing mechanism 1 from the workshop's air supply system. This eliminates defects such as incomplete tool release and tool release malfunctions caused by air supply pressure fluctuations and leaks, significantly improving the operational stability and reliability of the tool changing mechanism 1. Simultaneously, through the rigid cooperation between the impact block 5 and the linked tool release mechanism 3, the positioning action of the tool changing point and the tool release action of the tool changing mechanism 1 are completed synchronously. There is no need to set an additional control waiting time for the tool release action, effectively shortening the overall tool changing time and improving the processing efficiency of the equipment.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a protruding ring 12 is provided at the end of the outer sleeve 11 of the tool changing mechanism 1 near the tool changing arm; the annular end face of the protruding ring 12 facing the tool changing arm is provided with a groove 12a, and the tool release block 4 can be slidably embedded in the groove 12a along the axial direction of the rotation axis; one end of the first push rod 31 extending into the groove 12a abuts against the tool release block 4.

[0027] In this design, the inner and outer diameters of the groove 12a are matched with the outer dimensions of the tool release block 4, forming a clearance sliding fit. This ensures smooth axial sliding of the tool release block 4 while the inner and outer sidewalls of the groove 12a provide full circumferential radial restraint to the tool release block 4, preventing radial wobble during sliding. Furthermore, the axial depth of the groove 12a is greater than the designed tool release stroke of the tool release block 4. The bottom of the groove 12a limits the return limit position of the tool release block 4, and the end face of the groove 12a limits the release limit position of the tool release block 4, preventing overtravel of the tool release block 4.

[0028] The convex ring 12 is provided with a guide hole that corresponds to and matches the first push rod 31. The guide hole passes through the convex ring 12 along the axial direction of the rotation axis. The first push rod 31 passes through the guide hole. The outer wall of the first push rod 31 and the inner wall of the guide hole form a clearance sliding fit, providing full-range radial support and guidance for the axial movement of the first push rod 31. One end of the first push rod 31 extends out of the guide hole and abuts against the contact part of the reversing wheel 33. The other end of the first push rod 31 passes through the guide hole and extends into the groove 12a. The end of the first push rod 31 extending into the groove 12a abuts against the end face of the release block 4 facing the convex ring 12.

[0029] By setting the convex ring 12, dual-axial guidance can be provided for both the release block 4 and the first push rod 31. Structurally, this ensures that the sliding direction of the release block 4 and the pushing direction of the first push rod 31 are completely aligned with the axis of rotation, thus completely avoiding jamming and uneven wear during the release action and significantly improving the smoothness and stability of the release action. In addition, the convex ring 12 and the outer sleeve 11 can also adopt a separate structure. The convex ring 12 can be fixedly connected to the outer sleeve 11 through threaded connection, end face screw fastening, interference fit, etc., ensuring that the coaxiality tolerance of the convex ring 12, the outer sleeve 11, and the rotation axis meets the design requirements.

[0030] Preferably, a first guide block 6 is provided at the end of the first push rod 31 near the reversing wheel 33. The first guide block 6 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the outer sleeve 11, and the first push rod 31 slides in cooperation with the hole wall of the first guide block 6.

[0031] Specifically, the first guide block 6 can be fixedly connected by means of screw fastening, welding, or integral casting with the outer sleeve 11 to ensure the relative positional accuracy of the first guide block 6 and the outer sleeve 11. The guide through hole of the first guide block 6 is coaxially arranged with the guide through hole on the aforementioned guide sleeve, and the coaxiality tolerance of the two matches the outer diameter tolerance of the first push rod 31, forming a double-support guide system distributed along the axial direction of the first push rod 31. Among them, the guide through hole in the guide sleeve provides far-end guidance for the transmission output end of the first push rod 31, and the guide through hole of the first guide block 6 provides near-end guidance for the transmission input end of the first push rod 31. The two guide supports are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the first push rod 31, constraining the radial movement of the first push rod 31 throughout the entire process.

[0032] The first guide block 6 guides the first push rod 31 from the near end, forming a double-support rigid support along the axial direction of the first push rod 31 with the far end guide of the guide sleeve. This greatly improves the dynamic stiffness of the first push rod 31. Even when the tool changing mechanism 1 moves at high speed and quickly triggers the tool release action, the pushing action of the first push rod 31 can be guaranteed to be smooth and without any movement, avoiding problems such as incomplete tool release and tool locking deviation caused by high-speed action.

[0033] As a preferred embodiment of the above embodiment, the knife release mechanism 3 further includes a reset component 7; the reset component 7 includes at least one set of pull rods 71 ​​and a reset spring 72 sleeved on the pull rods 71; one end of the pull rod 71 is fixedly connected to the end face of the knife release block 4 facing the first push rod 31, the pull rod 71 extends along the axial direction of the rotation shaft toward the reversing wheel 33, the reset spring 72 is sleeved on one end of the pull rod 71 extending out of the protruding ring 12, and one end of the reset spring 72 abuts against the end protrusion of the pull rod 71, and the other end abuts against the protruding ring 12.

[0034] When the tool release mechanism 3 triggers the tool release action, the first push rod 31 pushes the tool release block 4 to move axially toward the tool changer arm along the rotation axis. The tool release block 4 simultaneously drives the pull rod 71 to move axially toward the reversing wheel 33. The pull rod 71 compresses the reset spring 72 through the spring limit member at the extended end, so that the reset spring 72 stores elastic potential energy. When the tool change action is completed, the tool change mechanism 1 leaves the tool change point. After the pushing force of the impact block 5 on the second push rod 32 disappears, the reset spring 72 releases its elastic potential energy and rebounds. Through the spring limit member, it drives the pull rod 71 to move axially in the opposite direction. The pull rod 71 pulls the tool release block 4 to reset synchronously. The tool release block 4 pushes the first push rod 31 in the opposite direction to move toward the reversing wheel 33, thereby driving the reversing wheel 33 and the second push rod 32 to rotate and reset in the opposite direction in sequence. Finally, all components of the tool release mechanism 3 return to their initial positions, completing one complete tool release and reset work cycle.

[0035] Through the matching structure of the pull rod 71 and the return spring 72, after the pushing force of the impact block 5 is removed, the tool release block 4, the first push rod 31, the reversing wheel 33 and the second push rod 32 can be automatically driven to complete the full-link synchronous reset. No additional drive components or manual intervention are required. The pure mechanical structure can realize the work cycle of continuous tool changing operation, which greatly improves the automation level and operation continuity of the mechanism.

[0036] More preferably, two sets of pull rods 71 ​​are provided, and the two sets of pull rods 71 ​​are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first push rod 31. The two sets of pull rods 71 ​​are symmetrically arranged along the axis of rotation to ensure that the release block 4 is subjected to uniform force during the reset process and to avoid swaying and jamming. The end of the first push rod 31 that contacts the release block 4 is provided with an abutment boss, which is used to restrict the first push rod 31 from disengaging from the groove 12a.

[0037] More preferably, a second guide block 8 is provided corresponding to the second push rod 32, and the second guide block 8 is fixedly mounted on the housing of the tool changing mechanism 1; the second guide block 8 has a first guide groove 81 near the side of the impact block 5 and a second guide groove 82 near the side of the reversing wheel 33, and the first guide groove 81 and the second guide groove 82 are coaxially connected; the second push rod 32 is coaxially inserted in the first guide groove 81 and the second guide groove 82, and the outer wall of the second push rod 32 is slidably engaged with the groove wall of the second guide groove 82; a limiting boss 32a is fixed to the shaft segment of the second push rod 32 corresponding to the first guide groove 81, and the limiting boss 32a is slidably engaged with the groove wall of the first guide groove 81.

[0038] In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the first guide groove 81 is larger than the inner diameter of the second guide groove 82, forming a stepped groove structure. The first guide groove 81 and the second guide groove 82, which are coaxially connected in the second guide block 8, provide a rigid guide with two axially distributed support points for the axial movement of the second push rod 32, ensuring that the second push rod 32 moves linearly along its own axis throughout the entire process. The pushing force is completely transmitted to the reversing wheel 33 along the axial direction, with no radial force loss, which greatly improves the transmission efficiency and operation stability.

[0039] Based on the above scheme, preferably, an elastic element 9 is provided in the first guide groove 81. The elastic element 9 is sleeved on the second push rod 32. One end of the elastic element 9 abuts against the limiting boss 32a, and the other end abuts against the dividing step surface between the first guide groove 81 and the second guide groove 82. The elastic element 9 is preferably a cylindrical compression spring, which can effectively absorb the rigid impact at the moment of contact between the impact block 5 and the second push rod 32.

[0040] In the preferred structure of this embodiment, the first guide groove 81 includes a sliding groove 81a and a receiving groove 81b arranged coaxially along the axial direction of the second push rod 32. The diameter of the sliding groove 81a is larger than the diameter of the receiving groove 81b, and a limiting step is formed at the end of the sliding groove 81a near the receiving groove 81b. The elastic member 9 is placed in the receiving groove 81b, and the limiting boss 32a slides with the groove wall of the sliding groove 81a. The inner diameter of the receiving groove 81b is larger than the outer diameter of the elastic member 9 in its free state, providing sufficient radial force for the compression deformation of the elastic member 9. The clearance space is such that when the limiting boss 32a slides to the end of its stroke position where it abuts against the limiting step, the elastic element 9 is completely accommodated in the receiving groove 81b; and the limiting boss 32a can abut against the stepped end face between the sliding groove 81a and the receiving groove 81b to form the limit stroke limit of the second push rod 32. During the pushing stroke, it can limit the maximum pushing stroke of the second push rod 32 and avoid the reversing wheel 33 from getting stuck due to over-pushing; in addition, a relief groove 81c is also provided between the receiving groove 81b and the second guide groove 82. The air venting groove 81c can adopt various structural forms such as radial through holes or axial exhaust grooves on the side walls. There is no specific limitation on its form, as long as it achieves communication with the outside atmosphere. When the second push rod 32 slides axially, the compressed air in the guide groove is quickly discharged to the outside atmosphere through the air venting groove 81c. Simultaneously, when the second push rod 32 resets, air is replenished into the groove through the air venting groove 81c, completely eliminating the air resistance effect formed in the closed guide groove. This avoids the problem of sluggish sliding and slow action response of the second push rod 32 caused by air resistance, significantly improving the smoothness of sliding and the speed of action response of the second push rod 32. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the top surface of the impact block 5 is provided with a continuous guide slope 51 and a horizontal release plane; Along the sliding path of the tool changing mechanism 1, the front and rear parts of the horizontal tool release plane of the impact block 5 at the tool change point on the tool magazine side are connected to the guide slope 51; the front part of the horizontal tool release plane of the impact block 5 at the tool change point on the spindle side is connected to the guide slope 51. The horizontal tool release plane is set parallel to the sliding path of the tool changing mechanism 1, and the guide slope 51 is inclined in a direction away from the horizontal tool release plane and away from the second push rod 32. It should be noted that, taking the direction of the tool changing mechanism 1 from the tool magazine to the spindle as the reference, the direction of movement that first enters the corresponding tool changing point is forward, and the direction of movement that leaves the corresponding tool changing point is backward.

[0041] When the tool changing mechanism 1 slides along the support base 2 and moves toward the tool changing point on the tool magazine side, the end of the second push rod 32 first contacts the front guide slope 51 of the tool magazine side impact block 5; as the tool changing mechanism 1 continues to slide forward, the second push rod 32 gradually rises along the front guide slope 51, smoothly generating axial displacement, pushing the reversing wheel 33 to rotate, driving the first push rod 31 to slowly push the tool loosening block 4, realizing the pre-loosening action, with no rigid impact throughout the process.

[0042] When the tool changing mechanism 1 moves to the working position of the tool changing point on the tool magazine side, the end of the second push rod 32 transitions from the guide slope 51 to the horizontal tool release plane. At this time, the second push rod 32 reaches the preset lifting stroke, and the tool release block 4 moves to the preset tool release position. Throughout the entire process of the tool changing mechanism 1 staying in the working area and the tool changing arm performing the tool locking action, the second push rod 32 is always in contact with the horizontal tool release plane, and the tool release mechanism 3 maintains a stable tool release state throughout the process, ensuring that the tool locking action is completed accurately.

[0043] When the tool-catching action is completed and the tool-changing mechanism 1 moves away from the tool magazine side tool-changing point toward the spindle, the end of the second push rod 32 gradually rises and falls along the front guide slope 51, the horizontal tool-releasing plane, and the rear guide slope 51 of the tool magazine side impact block 5. It works in conjunction with the reset component 7 to reset smoothly, and the tool-releasing block 4 resets and locks the tool synchronously, with no springback impact throughout the process.

[0044] When the tool changing mechanism 1 moves toward the tool changing point on the spindle side, the end of the second push rod 32 first contacts the front guide slope 51 of the spindle side impact block 5, and gradually rises along the slope to smoothly trigger the tool release action; when the tool changing mechanism 1 moves to the working position of the tool changing point on the spindle side, the second push rod 32 transitions to the horizontal tool release plane, maintaining a stable tool release state throughout the process, and cooperates with the tool changing arm to complete the tool insertion and removal actions of the spindle, ensuring that the tool release is in place throughout the tool changing action.

[0045] The continuous guide ramps 51 enable the gradual lifting and lowering of the second push rod 32, avoiding rigid impacts, abnormal noises, and wear caused by hard contact between the impact block 5 and the second push rod 32, thus extending the service life of the components. Meanwhile, the horizontal tool release plane continuously locks the lifting position of the second push rod 32 throughout the tool changing operation, ensuring that the tool release block 4 remains in a stable tool release state throughout the entire process. Furthermore, the impact block 5 at the tool change point on the tool magazine side employs a double guide ramp 51 design to facilitate the reciprocating sliding of the tool change mechanism between the tool magazine and the spindle.

[0046] In this invention, the reversing wheel 33 includes a first lever 331 and a second lever 332 arranged at an angle; the vertex of the angle between the first lever 331 and the second lever 332 is fixed coaxially with a pin, and the reversing wheel 33 rotates around its own angle vertex via the pin; the end of the first lever 331 away from the angle vertex abuts against the end face of the first push rod 31 facing the reversing wheel 33, and the end of the second lever 332 away from the angle vertex abuts against the end face of the second push rod 32 facing the reversing wheel 33.

[0047] The first lever 331 and the second lever 332 can be rigidly fixed by any method, such as integral casting, welding, or key connection, ensuring no relative rotation between the two levers and forming an integral rigid lever structure. The included angle of the two levers can be precisely designed according to the pushing stroke of the second push rod 32 and the required release stroke of the first push rod 31. The first lever 331 and the second lever 332 are rigidly fixed at an included angle and coaxially connected with the pin to form an integral lever structure. The structure is highly rigid and can withstand the rigid impact of the push block 5, making it less prone to deformation and breakage. At the same time, the plane of rotation coincides with the plane of the push rod axis, so there is no radial force during transmission, no risk of swaying or jamming, and the stability of the reversing transmission and the reliability of the mechanism operation are greatly improved.

[0048] The present invention also provides a unidirectional tool release and changing method with a mechanical drive structure, which adopts a unidirectional tool release and changing mechanism 1 with a mechanical drive structure, and includes the following steps: The tool changing mechanism 1 is located at the initial position of the support base 2, and the second push rods 32 on both sides are not in contact with the corresponding impact blocks 5. The tool release block 4 is in the tool locking position. The tool changing mechanism 1 is driven to move horizontally towards the tool magazine. The tool magazine side impact block 5 drives the corresponding second push rod 32 to move vertically, which is converted into the horizontal movement of the first push rod 31 via the reversing wheel 33. This pushes the tool release block 4 to the tool release position, and the tool changing arm rotates forward to complete the tool magazine side tool locking. The tool changing mechanism 1 moves in the reverse direction, the tool magazine side second push rod 32 disengages from the impact block 5 and resets, the tool release block 4 returns to the tool locking position to complete the tool changing arm locking, and the tool changing mechanism 1 simultaneously drives the tool changing arm to complete the tool removal. After the tool changing arm completes a 90° rotation, it synchronously drives the tool changing mechanism 1 to translate towards the main shaft. When the second push rod 32 on the tool magazine side passes the tool magazine side impact block 5 again, the tool release block 4 and the safety pin of the tool changing arm are misaligned and do not contact each other, and the tool changing mechanism 1 slides smoothly. The tool changing mechanism 1 continues to translate, and the spindle-side impact block 5 drives the corresponding second push rod 32 to move vertically. This movement is then converted into the lateral movement of the first push rod 31 via the reversing wheel 33, pushing the tool release block 4 to the tool release position. The tool changing arm rotates synchronously to complete the tool locking on the spindle side. The tool changing mechanism 1 then moves in the opposite direction and retracts. The spindle-side second push rod 32 disengages from the impact block 5 and resets. The tool release block 4 returns to the tool locking position to lock the tool changing arm. The tool changing mechanism 1 then synchronously drives the tool changing arm to complete the tool removal from the spindle. The drive arm rotates, and in conjunction with the movement of the tool changing mechanism 1, inserts the tool taken out of the tool magazine into the spindle, thus realizing the insertion of a new tool; The drive arm rotates 90° in the opposite direction to reset, the tool changing mechanism 1 returns to the initial position, and the tool removed from the spindle is inserted into the tool magazine, completing a single tool changing cycle.

[0049] The tool changing mechanism 1 described above in this invention can effectively realize the unidirectional tool loosening and changing method with a mechanical drive structure. The technical effects it can achieve are as described in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0050] Although this application has been described in conjunction with specific features and embodiments, it is obvious that various modifications and combinations can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Accordingly, this specification and drawings are merely exemplary illustrations of the application as defined herein, and are to be considered as covering any and all modifications, variations, combinations, or equivalents within the scope of this application. Clearly, those skilled in the art can make various alterations and modifications to this application without departing from its scope. Thus, if such modifications and modifications fall within the scope of this application and its equivalents, this application intends to include such modifications and modifications.

Claims

1. A unidirectional tool changing mechanism with a mechanical drive structure, wherein the tool changing mechanism is slidably mounted on a support base, characterized in that... ； Along the sliding direction of the tool changing mechanism, tool releasing mechanisms are provided on both sides of the tool changing mechanism, and the tool releasing mechanisms include: The first push rod has its axis parallel to the axis of rotation and lies in the same horizontal plane; The second push rod is set perpendicular to the first push rod; A reversing wheel is rotatably mounted at the intersection of the first push rod and the second push rod via a pin, and is used to convert the vertical movement of the second push rod into the lateral movement of the first push rod; The end of the first push rod away from the reversing wheel abuts against the knife release block; The support base is equipped with a stop block at the tool change point on the spindle side and the tool magazine side. The two stop blocks are used to drive the second push rod, the reversing wheel and the first push rod on the corresponding side to move in sequence, and finally drive the tool release block on the corresponding side to move along the axial direction of the rotation axis to complete the one-way tool release action. The outer sleeve of the tool changing mechanism is provided with a protruding ring near the end of the tool changing arm; The convex ring has a groove on its annular end face facing the tool changing arm, and the tool loosening block can be slidably fitted into the groove along the axial direction of the rotation axis; One end of the first push rod, which extends into the groove, abuts against the loosening block. The top surface of the impact block is provided with a continuous guide slope and a horizontal release plane; Along the sliding path of the tool changing mechanism, the front and rear parts of the horizontal tool release plane of the impact block at the tool magazine side tool changing point are connected to the guide slope. The impact block corresponding to the tool change point on the spindle side has a guide slope connected to the front part of its horizontal tool release plane; The horizontal tool release plane is set parallel to the sliding path of the tool changing mechanism, and the guide slope is inclined in a direction away from the horizontal tool release plane and away from the second push rod. The reversing wheel includes a first lever and a second lever arranged at an angle; The end of the first lever away from the vertex of the included angle abuts against the end face of the first push rod facing the reversing wheel, and the end of the second lever away from the vertex of the included angle abuts against the end face of the second push rod facing the reversing wheel.

2. The unidirectional tool release and tool change mechanism with a mechanical drive structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, A first guide block is provided at the end of the first push rod near the reversing wheel. The first guide block is fixedly mounted on the side wall of the outer sleeve, and the first push rod slides in cooperation with the hole wall of the first guide block.

3. The unidirectional tool release and tool change mechanism with a mechanical drive structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The knife release mechanism also includes a reset component; The reset assembly includes at least one set of pull rods and a reset spring sleeved on the pull rods; One end of the pull rod is fixedly connected to the end face of the release block facing the first push rod. The pull rod extends along the axial direction of the rotation shaft toward the reversing wheel. The return spring is sleeved on one end of the pull rod that extends out of the convex ring, and one end of the return spring abuts against the end protrusion of the pull rod, while the other end abuts against the convex ring.

4. The unidirectional tool release and tool change mechanism with a mechanical drive structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, A second guide block is provided corresponding to the second push rod, and the second guide block is fixedly assembled on the housing of the tool changing mechanism; The second guide block has a first guide groove near the side of the impact block and a second guide groove near the side of the reversing wheel, and the first guide groove and the second guide groove are coaxially connected. The second push rod is coaxially inserted into the first guide groove and the second guide groove, and the outer wall of the second push rod is slidably engaged with the groove wall of the second guide groove; a limiting boss is fixed to the shaft segment of the second push rod corresponding to the first guide groove, and the limiting boss is slidably engaged with the groove wall of the first guide groove.

5. The unidirectional tool release and tool change mechanism with a mechanical drive structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, An elastic element is provided in the first guide groove. The elastic element is sleeved on the second top rod. One end of the elastic element abuts against the limiting boss, and the other end abuts against the dividing step surface between the first guide groove and the second guide groove.

6. The unidirectional tool release and tool change mechanism with a mechanical drive structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first guide groove includes a sliding groove and a receiving groove arranged coaxially. The diameter of the sliding groove is larger than the diameter of the receiving groove, and a limiting step is formed at the end of the sliding groove near the receiving groove. The elastic element is placed in the receiving groove, the limiting boss slides with the groove wall of the sliding groove, and a buffer groove is also provided between the receiving groove and the second guide groove.

7. A unidirectional tool loosening and changing method with a mechanical drive structure, characterized in that, The unidirectional tool release and tool change mechanism with a mechanical drive structure as described in any one of claims 1-6 includes the following steps: The tool changing mechanism is driven to move horizontally towards the tool magazine. The tool magazine side impact block drives the corresponding second push rod to move. The first push rod moves after the reversing wheel changes direction, pushing the tool release block to the tool release station. The tool changing arm rotates forward to complete the tool magazine side tool locking. The tool changing mechanism moves in the reverse direction, the second push rod on the tool magazine side disengages from the impact block and resets, the tool release block returns to the tool locking position to lock the tool changing arm, and the tool changing mechanism drives the tool changing arm to complete the tool removal; When the tool changing arm rotates 90°, the tool changing mechanism moves towards the spindle. When the second push rod on the tool magazine side passes the tool magazine side impact block, the tool release block and the tool changing arm safety pin are misaligned, and the tool changing mechanism slides smoothly. The tool changing mechanism continues to move horizontally, and the spindle-side impact block drives the corresponding second push rod to move. After the reversing wheel changes direction, it drives the first push rod to move, pushing the tool release block to the tool release station. The tool changing arm rotates to complete the spindle-side tool locking. The tool changing mechanism retracts in the reverse direction, the second push rod on the spindle side disengages from the impact block and resets, the tool release block returns to the tool locking position to lock the tool changing arm, and the tool changing mechanism drives the tool changing arm to complete the spindle tool removal; Drive the tool changer arm to rotate, and move it in conjunction with the tool changer mechanism to insert the tool taken out of the tool magazine into the spindle; The tool changer arm rotates 90° in the opposite direction to reset, and the tool changer mechanism returns to its initial position, inserting the tool removed from the spindle into the tool magazine, thus completing a single tool change cycle.

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