A high-speed inkjet printing scheme and device for perovskite photovoltaic sheet based on visual positioning system

Abstract

The application discloses a perovskite photovoltaic sheet high-speed inkjet printing scheme and equipment based on a visual positioning system, relates to the perovskite solar cell industry and the inkjet printing equipment technical field, and comprises the following steps: S1, printing engine reset to standby position before printing, nozzle group, high-definition high-speed camera, magnetic scale and magnetic scale reader enter the ready state, the software system starts and loads the preset printing parameters and template library. The perovskite photovoltaic sheet high-speed inkjet printing scheme and equipment based on the visual positioning system, the nozzle group is rigidly connected with the equipment main body through a high-strength aviation aluminum alloy base, the modular structure is convenient to maintain and replace, cooperates with the piezoelectric drop-on-demand technology to reduce ink waste, the perforated conveying belt adopts fluorine rubber or polyether ether ketone material, the adsorption platform is integrally formed of corrosion-resistant stainless steel, has wear resistance and corrosion resistance, can adapt to the chemical properties of perovskite related ink, and prolongs the service life of vulnerable parts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of perovskite solar cell industry and inkjet printing equipment technology, specifically to a high-speed inkjet printing solution and equipment for perovskite photovoltaic sheets based on a vision positioning system. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the main processes for forming large-area perovskite thin films are one-step methods and wet / dry methods. The one-step method typically uses slot coating to coat perovskite precursor ink onto photovoltaic sheets, such as various conductive glasses, conductive flexible substrates, and various silicon cells. The wet / dry method typically uses evaporation equipment to first deposit a framework layer (including lead iodide, lead iodide / cesium bromide, etc.) onto the photovoltaic sheet, and then uses slot coating equipment to coat an organic salt, reacting to form the perovskite thin film. Large-area perovskite thin films and other functional layers (including electron transport layers, hole transport layers, hole blocking layers, buffer tunneling layers, etc.) are typically achieved using physical vapor deposition (PVD), reactive plasma deposition (RPD), vacuum evaporation equipment, atomic layer deposition equipment, etc.

[0003] However, traditional large-area slot coating technology faces multiple limitations. Slot coating equipment has a slow coating speed, which is difficult to meet the cycle time requirements of mass production of perovskite solar cells. Slot coating technology has poor compatibility, cannot achieve conformal deposition on silicon-based textured substrates, and is sensitive to the warping of flexible substrates. In addition, slot coating cannot achieve patterned printing, making it difficult to accurately overlay on substrates with chamfers (such as silicon-based substrates of different sizes), and it is easy to contaminate the back side of the substrate.

[0004] Therefore, in view of this, we have studied and improved the existing structure and its shortcomings, and proposed a high-speed inkjet printing solution and equipment for perovskite photovoltaic sheets based on a visual positioning system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a high-speed inkjet printing solution and equipment for perovskite photovoltaic sheets based on a visual positioning system, thus solving the problems mentioned in the background section.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a high-speed inkjet printing solution and equipment for perovskite photovoltaic sheets based on a vision positioning system, comprising the following steps: S1, Pre-printing preparation stage The printing engine is reset to the printing standby position, the printhead group, high-definition high-speed camera, magnetic scale and magnetic scale reader enter the ready state, the software system starts and loads the preset printing parameters and template library, the photovoltaic sheet to be printed is placed in the feeding mechanism, waiting for the conveying instruction; S2, Photovoltaic sheet delivery and arrival inspection stage With the assistance of the adsorption platform, the perforated conveyor belt uses negative pressure to adsorb photovoltaic sheets and move them smoothly forward along the conveying direction. When the photovoltaic sheet is conveyed to the area directly below the photoelectric positioning sensor, the photoelectric positioning sensor accurately identifies the sheet's arrival through the synergistic effect of the light-emitting part emitting a light signal and the light-receiving part receiving the reflected light signal. It then sends a "sheet in place" signal to the logic controller, and the perforated conveyor belt stops running. Simultaneously, it triggers the adsorption platform to apply secondary pressure, ensuring that the photovoltaic sheet has no air cushion effect, no wrinkles, and remains absolutely still. S3, Positioning and Data Generation Stage After receiving the position signal, the PLC instructs the high-definition high-speed camera and light source to start. The light source is adjusted to a suitable brightness to provide stable illumination for framing. The light source moves with the printing engine. With the assistance of a non-contact displacement sensing unit composed of a magnetic scale ruler and a magnetic scale reader, the motion position data is acquired in real time to capture a full view of the stationary photovoltaic sheet. The shooting speed is adapted to the sheet specifications. The high-definition high-speed camera transmits the captured image data to the software system. The software system uses edge detection + template matching + AI defect pre-identification algorithm. The software system compares and analyzes with the preset template library to extract the spatial position information of the sheet, generate a print file with precise coordinates, and pushes it to the printing software. S4, Inkjet Printing Execution Phase After receiving the print file, the printing software sends a print command to the printing engine. The printhead group starts and, based on the coordinate data, sprays one of the functional layer inks, such as perovskite precursor ink or organic salt ink, onto the photovoltaic sheet to complete the printing of the specified pattern. During the printing process, the magnetic grating unit continuously feeds back position data to ensure printing accuracy. S5, Circulation and Unloading Stage After printing is complete, the printing engine returns to the printing standby position, waiting for the next round of work. The perforated conveyor belt starts the unloading action, transporting the printed sheet to the designated area. At the same time, the feeding mechanism transports the next set of sheets to be printed to the adsorption platform, entering the next printing cycle.

[0007] Furthermore, in step S1, the nozzle group adopts a modular design and uses piezoelectric on-demand dripping technology. One to twelve industrial-grade high-precision nozzles are arranged in a preset matrix and fixed below the nozzle side plate. The nozzle side plate is rigidly connected to the main body of the equipment via a high-strength aviation aluminum alloy base. A multi-nozzle array calibration algorithm based on visual positioning calibrates the spatial position of the nozzle group to ensure consistent spray trajectories for each nozzle. This visual positioning multi-nozzle array calibration algorithm includes a reference positioning module, a nozzle consistency calibration module, and a dynamic calibration module. Specifically, it uses the equipment's mechanical origin as a reference, establishes a spatial coordinate reference system through a magnetic grating unit and calibration target feature points acquired by a high-speed, high-definition camera; controls the nozzle group to spray test ink onto the calibration substrate; calculates the drop point deviation of each nozzle using a template matching algorithm; fits a compensation function based on the least squares method; and corrects displacement errors caused by temperature and vibration in real time during equipment operation using a grayscale difference algorithm.

[0008] Furthermore, in step S1, the preset printing parameters include ink jet pressure, printing resolution, and printing engine movement speed threshold.

[0009] Furthermore, in step S2, the perforated conveyor belt is made of fluororubber or polyetheretherketone, with a surface pore diameter of 0.5-2 mm and a pore spacing of 5-10 mm. It works in conjunction with the adsorption platform to form a negative pressure adsorption force of -0.02 to -0.08 MPa, suppressing the air cushion effect during the loading and unloading of rigid sheets. The adsorption platform is integrally formed from a single piece of corrosion-resistant stainless steel and has uniformly distributed air intake channels inside, with the pore diameter of the air channels corresponding one-to-one with the pore diameter of the perforated conveyor belt.

[0010] Furthermore, in S3, the light source is a high-power LED array with a brightness adjustment range of 1000-10000 lux. The lighting intensity is automatically matched according to the light transmittance of the photovoltaic sheet to avoid reflections or shadows affecting the framing accuracy. The high-speed, high-definition camera is a CCD camera with ≥5 million pixels. The shooting speed is adaptively adjusted within the range of 1cm / s-1000cm / s. Combined with a displacement sensing unit consisting of a magnetic grating ruler and a magnetic grating reader, it achieves a positioning error of ≤±0.01mm. The image analysis algorithm of the software system adopts a combination of edge detection and template matching to identify photovoltaic sheets with chamfered or irregular edges.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S4, after receiving the print file, the printing software sends a print command to the printing engine, and the printhead group starts. Based on the coordinate data, the printhead group sprays one of the functional layer inks, such as perovskite precursor ink and organic salt ink, onto the photovoltaic sheet to complete the printing of the specified pattern. During the printing process, the magnetic grating unit continuously feeds back position data to ensure printing accuracy. In step S4, based on the print file with precise coordinates, the printhead group synchronously sprays one of the functional layer inks, such as perovskite precursor ink, organic salt ink, SAM ink, and PCBM ink, according to the preset printing path. Only one type of ink can be printed at a time. The spraying sequence of each printhead is dynamically calibrated by the software algorithm. During the printing process, the magnetic grating unit feeds back the real-time movement position data of the printing engine to the controller at a frequency of 1000Hz. When a position deviation exceeding ±0.003mm is detected, the software system immediately triggers printhead spraying pause and engine position correction. After correction, printing resumes, ensuring printing accuracy throughout the process.

[0012] A high-speed inkjet printing device for perovskite photovoltaic sheets based on a vision positioning system is disclosed. This device utilizes the aforementioned high-speed inkjet printing solution for perovskite photovoltaic sheets based on a vision positioning system, comprising a magnetic grating ruler and a printhead array. A magnetic grating reader is mounted on one side of the magnetic grating ruler, and a support frame is mounted on one side of the magnetic grating reader. A high-definition high-speed camera is mounted in the middle of the support frame, and a light source is mounted on one side of the high-definition high-speed camera. The printhead array is positioned below the support frame.

[0013] Furthermore, a perforated conveyor belt is installed below the nozzle group, and an adsorption platform is provided on the lower surface of the perforated conveyor belt.

[0014] Furthermore, photovoltaic sheets are mounted on the outer surface of the adsorption platform, and the width of the perforated conveyor belt is consistent with the width of the adsorption platform.

[0015] Furthermore, a positioning sensor is provided inside the support frame on the side away from the light source, and a slide rail is slidably installed at the bottom of the support frame.

[0016] This invention provides a high-speed inkjet printing solution and equipment for perovskite photovoltaic sheets based on a vision positioning system, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. This high-speed inkjet printing solution and equipment for perovskite photovoltaic sheets based on a vision positioning system utilizes a non-contact positioning system composed of a high-definition high-speed camera, a magnetic ruler, and a magnetic grating reader. Combined with an adaptive brightness adjustment function for the light source, it achieves a positioning error of ≤±0.01mm, ensuring that the software system accurately extracts the spatial coordinates of the photovoltaic sheet through edge detection and template matching algorithms. Simultaneously, the printhead array adopts a modular design and a vision-based multi-printhead array calibration algorithm. A spatial coordinate reference system is established through a benchmark positioning module, and a dynamic calibration module corrects displacement errors caused by temperature and vibration in real time, ensuring consistent spray trajectories for each printhead. Combined with the 1000Hz position feedback from the magnetic grating unit, deviations exceeding ±0.003mm can be corrected promptly, effectively preventing ink spraying deviation in functional layers. This ensures the pattern accuracy and interlayer adhesion of functional layers such as perovskite precursor ink and PCBM ink, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic sheet.

[0017] 2. This high-speed inkjet printing solution and equipment for perovskite photovoltaic sheets based on a vision positioning system features a perforated conveyor belt and an adsorption platform. The negative pressure adsorption force of -0.02 to -0.08 MPa suppresses the air cushion effect, and the airflow path of the adsorption platform corresponds one-to-one with the aperture of the conveyor belt, ensuring that the photovoltaic sheets remain wrinkle-free and absolutely stationary during transport and printing, providing a stable foundation for high-speed printing. The piezoelectric on-demand dripping technology of the printhead array, along with the matrix arrangement of 1-12 industrial-grade high-precision printheads and the adaptive motion speed adjustment of the printing engine, can adapt to shooting and printing speeds from 1 cm / s to 1000 cm / s. Simultaneously, the brightness adjustment range of the light source from 1000 to 10000 lux can match photovoltaic sheets with different transmittances, achieving precise adaptation for irregularly shaped edges and chamfered sheets, significantly improving mass production efficiency and reducing changeover and debugging costs.

[0018] 3. This high-speed inkjet printing solution and equipment for perovskite photovoltaic sheets based on a vision positioning system features a printhead array rigidly connected to the main body of the equipment via a high-strength aerospace aluminum alloy base. Its modular structure facilitates maintenance and replacement. Combined with piezoelectric on-demand dripping technology, it reduces ink waste. The perforated conveyor belt is made of fluororubber or polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and the adsorption platform is integrally molded from corrosion-resistant stainless steel, possessing both wear resistance and corrosion resistance. It is compatible with the chemical properties of perovskite-related inks, extending the service life of vulnerable parts. The software system's AI defect pre-identification algorithm and grayscale difference correction algorithm proactively avoid printing failures caused by sheet defects, while dynamically compensating for the effects of environmental factors such as temperature and vibration, reducing equipment downtime. Furthermore, the slide rail provides a stable movement trajectory for the support frame, and the positioning sensor accurately triggers the sheet arrival signal. All components work together to automate the printing cycle, reducing manual intervention costs and improving the long-term stability and consistency of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a high-speed inkjet printing scheme and equipment for perovskite photovoltaic sheets based on a visual positioning system according to the present invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Magnetic grating ruler; 2. Nozzle group; 3. Light source; 4. High-definition high-speed camera; 5. Positioning sensor; 6. Magnetic grating reader; 7. Perforated conveyor belt; 8. Adsorption platform; 9. Photovoltaic sheet; 10. Support frame; 11. Slide rail. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a high-speed inkjet printing solution and equipment for perovskite photovoltaic sheets based on a visual positioning system, comprising the following steps: S1, Pre-printing preparation stage The printing engine resets to the printing standby position. Printhead array 2, high-definition high-speed camera 4, magnetic scale 1, and magnetic scale reader 6 enter the ready state. The software system starts and loads preset printing parameters and template library. The photovoltaic sheet to be printed is placed on the feeding mechanism, awaiting delivery instructions. In step S1, printhead array 2 adopts a modular design and uses piezoelectric on-demand dripping technology. 1-12 industrial-grade high-precision printheads are arranged in a preset matrix and fixed below the printhead side plate. The printhead side plate is rigidly connected to the main body of the equipment via a high-strength aviation aluminum alloy base. Furthermore, a multi-printhead array calibration algorithm based on visual positioning calibrates the spatial position of the printhead array. To ensure consistent spray trajectories across all printheads, the visual positioning multi-printhead array calibration algorithm includes a baseline positioning module, a printhead consistency calibration module, and a dynamic calibration module. Specifically, it establishes a spatial coordinate baseline system based on the mechanical origin of the equipment, using the magnetic grating unit and the calibration target feature points collected by the high-speed high-definition camera 4; controls the printhead group 2 to spray test ink onto the calibration substrate, calculates the drop point deviation of each printhead using a template matching algorithm, and corrects displacement errors caused by temperature and vibration in real time during equipment operation using a grayscale difference algorithm. In step S1, the preset printing parameters include ink jet pressure, printing resolution, and printing engine movement speed threshold. S2, Photovoltaic sheet delivery and arrival inspection stage With the cooperation of the adsorption platform 8, the perforated conveyor belt 7 adsorbs the photovoltaic sheet 9 under negative pressure and moves it forward smoothly along the conveying direction. When the photovoltaic sheet 9 is conveyed to the area directly below the photoelectric positioning sensor 5, the photoelectric positioning sensor 5 accurately identifies the sheet in place through the synergistic effect of the light-emitting part emitting light signal and the light-receiving part receiving the reflected light signal. Then, it sends a "sheet in place" signal to the logic controller, and the perforated conveyor belt 7 stops running. Simultaneously, the adsorption platform 8 is triggered to pressurize again to ensure that the photovoltaic sheet 9 has no air cushion effect and no wrinkles, and remains in an absolutely static state. In step S2, the perforated conveyor belt 7 is made of fluororubber or polyetheretherketone material with a surface pore diameter of 0.5-2mm and a pore spacing of 5-10mm. It works with the adsorption platform to form a negative pressure adsorption force of -0.02~-0.08MPa, which suppresses the air cushion effect during the loading and unloading of rigid sheets. The adsorption platform 8 is integrally formed by processing a piece of corrosion-resistant stainless steel and has a uniformly distributed air intake channel inside. The pore diameter of the air channel corresponds one-to-one with the pore diameter of the perforated conveyor belt 7. S3, Positioning and Data Generation Stage After receiving the position signal, the PLC instructs the high-definition high-speed camera 4 and the light source 3 to start. The light source 3 adjusts to the appropriate brightness to provide stable illumination for framing. The light source 3 moves with the printing engine. With the assistance of the non-contact displacement sensing unit composed of the magnetic scale ruler 1 and the magnetic scale reader 6, it acquires motion position data in real time and performs a full-view of the stationary photovoltaic sheet. The shooting speed is adapted to the sheet specifications. The high-definition high-speed camera 4 transmits the acquired image data to the software system. The software system uses edge detection + template matching + AI defect pre-identification algorithm. The software system compares and analyzes with the preset template library to extract the spatial position information of the sheet, generates a print file with accurate coordinates, and pushes it to the printing software. In S3, the light source 3 is a high-power LED array with a brightness adjustment range of 1000-10000 lux. It automatically matches the lighting intensity according to the light transmittance of the photovoltaic sheet 9 to avoid reflection or shadows affecting the framing accuracy. The high-speed, high-definition camera 4 is a CCD camera with a pixel count of ≥5 million. The shooting speed is adaptively adjusted within the range of 1cm / s-1000cm / s. Combined with the displacement sensing unit consisting of the magnetic scale 1 and the magnetic scale reader 6, it achieves a positioning error of ≤±0.01mm. The image analysis algorithm of the software system adopts a combination of edge detection and template matching to identify photovoltaic sheets with chamfered or irregular edges. S4, Inkjet Printing Execution Phase After receiving the print file, the printing software sends a print command to the print engine, and printhead group 2 starts. Based on the coordinate data, printhead group 2 sprays one of the functional layer inks, such as perovskite precursor ink and organic salt ink, onto the photovoltaic sheet 9 to complete the printing of the specified pattern. During the printing process, the magnetic grating unit continuously feeds back position data to ensure printing accuracy. In step S4, the printhead group, based on the print file with precise coordinates, synchronously sprays one of the functional layer inks, such as perovskite precursor ink, organic salt ink, SAM ink, and PCBM ink, according to the preset printing path. Only one type of ink can be printed at a time. The spraying sequence of each printhead is dynamically calibrated by the software algorithm. During the printing process, the magnetic grating unit feeds back the real-time movement position data of the print engine to the controller at a frequency of 1000Hz. When the detected position deviation exceeds ±0.003mm, the software system immediately triggers printhead spraying pause and engine position correction. After the correction is completed, printing resumes, ensuring printing accuracy throughout the process. S5, Circulation and Unloading Stage After printing is completed, the printing engine returns to the printing standby position to wait for the next round of work. The perforated conveyor belt 7 starts the unloading action, transporting the printed sheet 9 to the designated area. At the same time, the feeding mechanism transports the next set of sheet 9 to be printed to the adsorption platform 8 to enter the next printing cycle.

[0023] A high-speed inkjet printing device for perovskite photovoltaic sheets based on a vision positioning system is disclosed. This device utilizes the aforementioned high-speed inkjet printing scheme for perovskite photovoltaic sheets based on a vision positioning system, comprising a magnetic grating ruler 1, a printhead group 2, a light source 3, a high-definition high-speed camera 4, a positioning sensor 5, a magnetic grating reader 6, a perforated conveyor belt 7, an adsorption platform 8, photovoltaic sheets 9, a support frame 10, and a slide rail 11. A magnetic grating reader 6 is mounted on one side of the magnetic grating ruler 1, and a support frame 10 is mounted on one side of the magnetic grating reader 6. A high-definition high-speed camera 4 is mounted in the middle of the support frame 10, and a light source 3 is mounted on one side of the high-definition high-speed camera 4. The printhead group 2 is located below the support frame 10, and a perforated conveyor belt 7 is mounted below the printhead group 2. An adsorption platform 8 is mounted on the lower surface of the perforated conveyor belt 7, and photovoltaic sheets 9 are mounted on the outer surface of the adsorption platform 8. The width of the perforated conveyor belt 7 is consistent with the width of the adsorption platform 8.

[0024] like Figure 1As shown, a precision manufacturing apparatus for high-precision refractive lenses includes a magnetorheological polishing fluid filter device 1, an auxiliary frame 2, a filter screen 3, a marking line 5, an adjustment assembly 6, a piston plate 601, a connecting plate 602, a connecting rod 603, a hydraulic rod 604, a mounting plate 605, a slide 606, a base 7, a connecting handle 8, a lead screw 9, an auxiliary assembly 10, a first fitting 1001, a connecting pipe 1002, and a second fitting 1003. The filter screen is fixedly installed inside the magnetorheological polishing fluid filter device 1 by bolts. 1. A marking line 5 is provided on one outer surface of the magnetorheological polishing fluid filter device 1. A base 7 is installed at the bottom of the magnetorheological polishing fluid filter device 1, and an auxiliary component 10 for auxiliary communication is provided inside the base 7. The auxiliary component 10 includes a first fitting 1001, a connecting pipe 1002, and a second fitting 1003. One end of the second fitting 1003 is connected to the connecting pipe 1002, and one end of the connecting pipe 1002 is connected to the first fitting 1001. An auxiliary frame 2 is connected to the end of the first fitting 1001. The magnetorheological polishing fluid filtration device 1 contains magnetorheological polishing fluid. When filtering the magnetorheological polishing fluid after 8 hours of use, the operator can rotate the lead screw 9 by holding the connecting handle 6. The rotation of the lead screw 9 causes the slide 606 to slide horizontally within the base 7, so that the pointer on the surface of the slide 606 coincides with the marking line 5. Thus, the design of the hydraulic rod 604 can drive the piston plate 601, the connecting plate 602, and the connecting rod 603 to move downwards. As the piston plate 601 moves downwards along the magnetorheological polishing fluid, the magnetorheological polishing fluid is further adjusted. The downward movement of the interior of the optical fluid filtration device 1 allows the magnetorheological polishing fluid in the magnetorheological polishing fluid filtration device 1 to be filtered through the filter screen 3 and transported to the pipe 1001, the connecting pipe 1002 and the pipe 2 1003. Through the design of the three pipes 1001, 1002 and 1003, the magnetorheological polishing fluid enters the interior of the auxiliary frame 2 after preliminary filtration, and can be filtered again by the filter screen 4. This facilitates the cyclic filtration process and prevents the magnetorheological polishing fluid from carrying impurities.

[0025] In summary, as Figure 1As shown, this high-speed inkjet printing solution and equipment for perovskite photovoltaic sheets based on a vision positioning system, when in use, after the equipment is started, the printing engine resets to the standby position. The printhead group 2 is rigidly connected to the main body of the equipment through a high-strength aviation aluminum alloy base. Calibration is completed based on a multi-printhead array calibration algorithm of benchmark positioning-consistency calibration-dynamic calibration. With the mechanical origin as the benchmark, the magnetic grating ruler 1 and the magnetic grating reader 6 collect the feature points of the calibration target to establish a spatial coordinate benchmark system. The high-definition high-speed camera 4 assists in identifying the landing point deviation of the test ink ejected by the printhead, laying the foundation for subsequent printing accuracy. At the same time, the software system loads preset printing parameters such as ink jet pressure, printing resolution, engine movement speed threshold and template library, adsorption platform 8, and positioning sensor. Components 5 and above simultaneously enter the ready state. The photovoltaic sheet 9 to be printed is placed on the feeding mechanism awaiting the conveying command. After the feeding command is triggered, the perforated conveyor belt 7, made of fluororubber / polyetheretherketone with a surface pore diameter of 0.5-2mm and a pore spacing of 5-10mm, is integrally formed with the adsorption platform 8, which is made of corrosion-resistant stainless steel. It is equipped with corresponding air channels to generate a negative pressure adsorption force of -0.02~-0.08MPa. Through negative pressure adsorption, the photovoltaic sheet 9 moves smoothly forward along the conveying direction, which can effectively suppress the air cushion effect during the loading and unloading process and avoid sheet displacement or wrinkling. When the sheet is conveyed to the photoelectric positioning sensor 5, the sensor recognizes the sheet's position through the synergistic effect of light projection, reflection, and light reception, and then sends a signal to the PLC. When the printing engine stops operating, the adsorption platform 8 applies secondary pressure to ensure that the photovoltaic sheet 9 is in an absolutely static state, providing a stable carrier for subsequent framing and positioning. After receiving the position signal, the PLC instructs the high-power LED array of the light source 3 to start with adjustable brightness from 1000 to 10000 lux. The light source automatically matches the illumination intensity according to the light transmittance of the photovoltaic sheet 9 to avoid reflections or shadows affecting the framing accuracy. At the same time, the high-definition high-speed camera 4, a ≥5-megapixel CCD camera, moves along the slide rail 11 with the printing engine. With the assistance of the non-contact displacement sensing unit composed of the magnetic grating ruler 1 and the magnetic grating reader 6, it acquires motion position data in real time and performs comprehensive framing and shooting of the stationary photovoltaic sheet 9 at a speed of 1cm / s-1000cm / s adaptive. After the acquired image data is transmitted to the software system, it is compared with the preset template library using edge detection + template matching + AI defect pre-identification algorithms to extract the spatial position information of the sheet, generate a print file with precise coordinates, and push it to the printing software simultaneously. After receiving the coordinate file, the printing software sends a printing command to the printing engine. The printhead group of 21-12 industrial-grade piezoelectric printheads is arranged in a matrix to start the piezoelectric on-demand dripping technology, and synchronously sprays one of the functional layer inks such as perovskite precursor ink, organic salt ink, and SAM ink along a preset path. During the printing process, the magnetic grating ruler 1 and the magnetic grating reader 6 feed back the real-time position data of the printing engine to the controller at a frequency of 1000Hz. When a position deviation exceeding ±0 is detected, the system will take action.At 0.03mm, the software system immediately triggers a printhead spray pause and engine position correction. Printing resumes after correction. Simultaneously, the grayscale difference algorithm corrects for displacement errors caused by temperature and vibration in real time, ensuring consistent spray trajectories for each printhead and guaranteeing accurate forming of functional layer patterns and interlayer adhesion. After a single sheet is printed, the printing engine resets to the standby position, and the perforated conveyor belt 7 restarts, transporting the printed photovoltaic sheet 9 to the designated unloading area. At the same time, the feeding mechanism automatically transports the next set of sheets to be printed to the adsorption platform 8, which restarts negative pressure adsorption, and the equipment enters the next round of conveying-positioning-printing cycle, realizing automated continuous operation of mass production. This is achieved through the magnetic grating ruler 1 and the magnetic grating reader 6. The system utilizes displacement feedback, high-definition high-speed camera 4, and image calibration of light source 3, along with dynamic compensation in the printhead group 2, to achieve a positioning error of ≤±0.01mm and a printing deviation correction of ±0.003mm. Accuracy is ensured through positioning, jetting, and feedback. The rigid design of the perforated conveyor belt 7 and adsorption platform 8, which fixes the printhead group base, suppresses interference factors such as air cushion effect and vibration, ensuring the relative position stability between the sheet and the printhead, thus providing a foundation for high-speed printing. The brightness of light source 3 adjusts according to the sheet transmittance, the shooting speed of camera 4 adapts to the sheet specifications, and the modular assembly of printhead group 2 accommodates different printing needs, making the equipment compatible with photovoltaic sheets with irregular edges and different transmittances, thus improving application flexibility.

[0026] The embodiments of the present invention are given for illustrative and descriptive purposes only, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical application of the invention, and to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention and to design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for a particular purpose.

Claims

1. A high-speed inkjet printing solution for perovskite photovoltaic sheets based on a vision positioning system, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1, Pre-printing preparation stage The printing engine is reset to the printing standby position, the printhead group (2), high-definition high-speed camera (4), magnetic scale (1) and magnetic scale reader (6) enter the ready state, the software system starts and loads the preset printing parameters and template library, the photovoltaic sheet to be printed is placed in the feeding mechanism, waiting for the conveying instruction; S2, Photovoltaic sheet delivery and arrival inspection stage With the cooperation of the adsorption platform (8), the perforated conveyor belt (7) adsorbs the photovoltaic sheet (9) under negative pressure and moves forward smoothly along the conveying direction. When the photovoltaic sheet (9) is conveyed to the photoelectric positioning sensor (5) directly below it, the photoelectric positioning sensor (5) accurately identifies the sheet in place through the coordinated action of the light-emitting part emitting light signal and the light-receiving part receiving reflected light signal. Then it sends a "sheet in place" signal to the logic controller, the perforated conveyor belt (7) stops running, and the adsorption platform (8) is triggered to pressurize again to ensure that the photovoltaic sheet (9) has no air cushion effect, no wrinkles, and remains absolutely still. S3, Positioning and Data Generation Stage After receiving the bit signal, the PLC instructs the high-definition high-speed camera (4) and the light source (3) to start. The light source (3) is adjusted to the appropriate brightness to provide stable lighting for framing. The light source (3) moves with the printing engine. With the assistance of the non-contact displacement sensing unit composed of the magnetic scale ruler (1) and the magnetic scale reader (6), the motion position data is acquired in real time to fully capture the photovoltaic sheet in a stationary state. The shooting speed is adapted to the sheet specifications. The high-definition high-speed camera (4) transmits the collected image data to the software system. The software system adopts the edge detection + template matching + AI defect pre-identification algorithm. The software system compares and analyzes with the preset template library, extracts the spatial position information of the sheet, generates a print file with accurate coordinates, and pushes it to the printing software. S4, Inkjet Printing Execution Phase After receiving the print file, the printing software sends a print command to the printing engine. The print head group (2) starts and sprays one of the perovskite precursor ink, organic salt ink, or functional layer ink onto the photovoltaic sheet (9) based on the coordinate data to complete the printing of the specified pattern. During the printing process, the magnetic grating unit continuously feeds back position data to ensure printing accuracy. S5, Circulation and Unloading Stage After printing is completed, the printing engine returns to the printing standby position to wait for the next round of work. The perforated conveyor belt (7) starts the unloading action to transport the printed sheet (9) to the designated area. At the same time, the feeding mechanism transports the next set of sheet (9) to be printed to the adsorption platform (8) to enter the next printing cycle.

2. The high-speed inkjet printing solution for perovskite photovoltaic sheets based on a vision positioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the nozzle group (2) adopts a modular design and uses piezoelectric on-demand dripping technology. 1-12 industrial-grade high-precision nozzles are arranged in a preset matrix and fixed below the nozzle side plate. The nozzle side plate is rigidly connected to the main body of the equipment through a high-strength aviation aluminum alloy base. The spatial position of the nozzle group is calibrated by a multi-nozzle array calibration algorithm based on visual positioning to ensure that the spray trajectory of each nozzle is consistent. The multi-nozzle array calibration algorithm based on visual positioning includes a reference positioning module, a nozzle consistency calibration module and a dynamic calibration module. Specifically, the spatial coordinate reference system is established by taking the mechanical origin of the equipment as the reference and using the magnetic grating unit and the calibration target feature points collected by the high-speed high-definition camera (4). The nozzle group (2) is controlled to spray test ink onto the calibration substrate. The deviation of the landing point of each nozzle is calculated by the template matching algorithm. During the operation of the equipment, the displacement error caused by temperature and vibration is corrected in real time by the gray-scale difference algorithm.

3. The high-speed inkjet printing solution for perovskite photovoltaic sheets based on a vision positioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the preset printing parameters include ink jet pressure, printing resolution, and printing engine speed threshold.

4. The high-speed inkjet printing solution for perovskite photovoltaic sheets based on a vision positioning system according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S2, the perforated conveyor belt (7) is made of fluororubber or polyetheretherketone, with a surface pore diameter of 0.5-2mm and a pore spacing of 5-10mm. It works in conjunction with the adsorption platform to form a negative pressure adsorption force of -0.02~-0.08MPa, which suppresses the air cushion effect during the loading and unloading of rigid sheets. The adsorption platform (8) is integrally formed from a piece of corrosion-resistant stainless steel and has uniformly distributed air intake channels inside. The pore diameter of the air intake channels corresponds one-to-one with the pore diameter of the perforated conveyor belt (7).

5. The high-speed inkjet printing solution for perovskite photovoltaic sheets based on a vision positioning system according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S3, the light source (3) is a high-power LED array with a brightness adjustment range of 1000-10000 lux. The lighting intensity is automatically matched according to the light transmittance of the photovoltaic sheet (9) to avoid reflection or shadow affecting the framing accuracy. The high-speed high-definition camera (4) is a CCD camera with a pixel count of ≥5 million. The shooting speed is adaptively adjusted within the range of 1cm / s-1000cm / s. Combined with the displacement sensing unit composed of the magnetic grating ruler (1) and the magnetic grating reader (6), it achieves a positioning error of ≤±0.01mm. The image analysis algorithm of the software system adopts a combination of edge detection and template matching to identify photovoltaic sheets with chamfered or irregular edges.

6. The high-speed inkjet printing solution for perovskite photovoltaic sheets based on a vision positioning system according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S4, the printhead group (2) based on the print file with precise coordinates synchronously sprays one of the following inks according to the preset printing path: perovskite precursor ink, organic salt ink, SAM ink, PCBM ink, or functional layer ink. Only one ink can be printed at a time. The spraying sequence of each printhead is dynamically calibrated by a software algorithm. During the printing process, the magnetic grid unit feeds back the real-time motion position data of the printing engine to the controller at a frequency of 1000Hz. When the detected position deviation exceeds ±0.003mm, the software system immediately triggers printhead spraying pause and engine position correction. After the correction is completed, printing resumes, ensuring printing accuracy throughout the process.

7. A high-speed inkjet printing device for perovskite photovoltaic sheets based on a vision positioning system, characterized in that, The high-speed inkjet printing equipment for perovskite photovoltaic sheets based on a visual positioning system applies a high-speed inkjet printing scheme for perovskite photovoltaic sheets based on a visual positioning system as described in any one of claims 1-6. The high-speed inkjet printing equipment for perovskite photovoltaic sheets based on a visual positioning system includes a magnetic grating ruler (1) and a printhead group (2). A magnetic grating reader (6) is provided on one side of the magnetic grating ruler (1), and a support frame (10) is installed on one side of the magnetic grating reader (6). A high-definition high-speed camera (4) is installed in the middle of the support frame (10), and a light source (3) is provided on one side of the high-definition high-speed camera (4). The printhead group (2) is located below the support frame (10).

8. The high-speed inkjet printing equipment for perovskite photovoltaic sheets based on a vision positioning system according to claim 7, characterized in that, A perforated conveyor belt (7) is installed below the nozzle group (2), and an adsorption platform (8) is provided on the lower surface of the perforated conveyor belt (7).

9. A high-speed inkjet printing device for perovskite photovoltaic sheets based on a vision positioning system according to claim 8, characterized in that, Photovoltaic sheets (9) are installed on the outer surface of the adsorption platform (8), and the width of the perforated conveyor belt (7) is consistent with the width of the adsorption platform (8).

10. A high-speed inkjet printing device for perovskite photovoltaic sheets based on a vision positioning system according to claim 7, characterized in that, A positioning sensor (5) is provided on the side of the support frame (10) away from the light source (3), and a slide rail (11) is slidably installed on the bottom of the support frame (10).

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