A gate dam noise reduction method and system automatically adjusted according to water inflow

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of according to the automatic regulation of water flow sluice dam noise reduction method and system, it is related to sluice dam noise reduction technical field.The method is based on ecological water level and flow limit value double threshold, through monitoring subsystem acquisition real-time water level, flow and flow velocity data, and is divided into three stages Intelligent control: when conventional drainage, adjustment circular gate opening radius and number of formation small orifice discharge;When excessive flood discharge, start telescopic pipe section to extend to 5 times pipe diameter, switch to nozzle discharge to improve drainage capacity;When water level is lower than ecological water level, reverse retract pipe section and gradually close gate to complete ecological backfilling.The system is adapted to steel dam, concrete dam and other dam types, can realize the dual goal of noise reduction and constant ecological landscape water level, improve the comprehensive benefit of water conservancy project.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dam noise reduction technology, specifically to a method and system for dam noise reduction that automatically adjusts according to the inflow rate. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of water conservancy engineering, dams and sluices serve as key infrastructure for water resource regulation, flood control, and ecological protection. Their operational stability and environmental adaptability directly impact the overall benefits of the project. When water flows through the channels of dams and sluices, it is highly susceptible to generating high-intensity water flow noise due to abrupt changes in flow velocity, turbulence, and the structural characteristics of the channels. This noise not only causes continuous disruption to the daily lives of residents near the dams and sluices, damaging their living environment and comfort, but it can also negatively impact the habitats of aquatic organisms within the watershed, disrupting the ecosystem balance and becoming one of the major problems hindering the green development of water conservancy projects.

[0003] To alleviate the noise problem caused by dam flow, some noise reduction measures have emerged in existing technologies, such as optimizing the dam channel alignment and adding energy dissipation components. However, these solutions are mostly fixed structure designs and lack the ability to adapt to dynamic changes in inflow. When the inflow is in different ranges (such as regular runoff and large flows during the flood season), the fixed structure cannot maintain the ideal hydraulic form at all times, resulting in unstable noise reduction effects. More importantly, existing technologies generally suffer from a disconnect between noise reduction and ecological protection. Some solutions excessively restrict the discharge flow in pursuit of noise reduction effects, causing the water level in front of the dam to exceed the ecological safety threshold and damaging major ecological habitats such as wetlands and shallows. Other solutions sacrifice noise reduction effects to meet drainage needs and have not established an effective ecological water level replenishment mechanism. When the water level is below the ecological baseline, it cannot be adjusted in time, further exacerbating the pressure on the aquatic ecosystem.

[0004] Furthermore, existing dam control systems suffer from poor versatility. Most solutions are designed for specific dam types (such as single concrete or steel dams), making it difficult to adapt to various water conservancy engineering scenarios, including steel dams, concrete dams, pneumatic dams, and conventional drainage gates, thus increasing the cost of technology promotion and application. Simultaneously, traditional control logic lacks precise flow quantification calculations and phased response mechanisms, failing to dynamically adjust the drainage structure based on real-time water level and flow data. This results in untimely or excessive drainage of excess flow, affecting both flood control safety and the maintenance of a constant ecological landscape water level. Therefore, developing an intelligent control technology capable of dynamically adjusting based on inflow, balancing noise reduction and ecological protection, and adapting to various dam types has become a pressing technical challenge in the field of water conservancy engineering. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides a method and system for automatically adjusting the noise reduction of dams based on the inflow rate, in order to solve the problems in the prior art where existing dams generate water flow noise due to changes in water flow velocity, turbulence and flow channel structure, which disturbs the lives of surrounding residents and the ecological environment, and lack a dynamic intelligent control mechanism for inflow rate, making it difficult to balance noise reduction and ecological landscape water level stability, and lacking versatility to adapt to various dam types and gates.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for automatically adjusting the noise reduction of a dam based on the inflow rate, comprising the following steps: S1. Signal Acquisition: Collect real-time water level and flow data upstream of the dam, combine with the monitoring data from the flow velocity meter, and output monitoring signals; S2. Decision-making: Upon receiving the monitoring signal, based on the ecological water level and flow limit value, make a comprehensive judgment on the collected real-time water level, real-time flow, and monitoring data to determine the current water body status; S3. Phased Regulation: Dynamically adjust the drainage structure of the dam based on the decision-making results, including: S31. Routine drainage control: When the real-time water level is higher than the ecological water level and the real-time flow exceeds the flow limit, the circular gate is adjusted first. By dynamically adjusting the opening radius and the number of gates, a small orifice is formed to discharge the excess flow. S32. Excessive flood discharge control: When the gates reach their maximum opening radius and maximum number of gates, and still cannot meet the drainage demand, the telescopic pipe section is activated and the length of the pipe section is adjusted to change the water flow pattern from the small orifice discharge to the nozzle discharge to meet the excess flow discharge demand. S33. Ecological replenishment regulation: When the real-time water level is lower than the ecological water level, first adjust the length of the expandable pipe section to the shortest possible value to restore the water flow pattern from the nozzle discharge to the small orifice discharge. Then gradually reduce the opening radius of the gate and the number of gates to reduce the drainage flow until the real-time water level rises back to the ecological water level and the real-time flow meets the flow limit value. Then close all the gates to stop drainage.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of a gate dam noise reduction method that automatically adjusts according to the incoming water flow, the maximum elongation length of the expandable pipe section is 5 times the pipe diameter itself, and the minimum length of the expandable pipe section is the pipe's contraction limit state.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of a dam noise reduction method that automatically adjusts according to the inflow rate, the criteria for judging the real-time water level and the real-time flow rate include: whether the real-time water level is higher than the ecological water level, whether the real-time flow rate exceeds the flow limit value, whether the dam has reached its maximum drainage capacity, and whether the real-time water level is lower than the ecological water level. The excess flow rate is calculated as follows: ΔQ = Q in -Q limit ; In the formula, ΔQ To avoid excess bandwidth, Q in The real-time traffic, Q limit This refers to the flow rate limit value.

[0009] As a preferred method for noise reduction of dams that automatically adjusts according to inflow rate, the formula for calculating the flow limit value is as follows: ; In the formula, Q The flow limit value, m For flow coefficient, ε The lateral contraction coefficient, σ The submersion coefficient is... b For the clear width of the gate opening, n The number of gate openings. H 0 The water head with a traveling velocity upstream of the gate.

[0010] As a preferred method for noise reduction of dams that automatically adjusts based on inflow, the calculation formula for the discharge flow rate of the small orifice in the conventional drainage control is as follows: ; In the formula, Q 小 The orifice represents the discharge flow rate at the small orifice. μ The flow coefficient of the small orifice. A The cross-sectional area of ​​the orifice. g It is the acceleration due to gravity. H 0 The water head with a traveling velocity upstream of the gate.

[0011] As a preferred method for noise reduction of dams that automatically adjusts based on inflow, the formula for calculating the discharge flow rate of the nozzle under excess flood discharge control is as follows: ; Where Q 管 The discharge flow rate of the nozzle is [missing information]. μn The nozzle flow coefficient, A The cross-sectional area of ​​the orifice. g It is the acceleration due to gravity. H 0 The water head with a traveling velocity upstream of the gate.

[0012] As a preferred scheme for a gate dam noise reduction method that automatically adjusts according to the inflow rate, the structural type of the gate dam includes the number of gate openings, gate width, gate height, gate thickness, and the shape of the side piers and gate abutments, wherein the lateral contraction coefficient... ε The shape is determined by the shape of the side piers and the center pier; The flooding coefficient σ The value of 1 corresponds to the condition where no flooding or overflow occurs downstream; The flow coefficient m The determination method is as follows: when ensuring the upstream ecological water level, the gate height is greater than 1.33 times the water head at the upstream ecological water level. This is determined by referring to the relationship curve diagram. m The specific value.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of a dam noise reduction method that automatically adjusts based on inflow rate, the small orifice flow coefficient... μ The value range is 0.60 to 0.62.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of a dam noise reduction method that automatically adjusts based on inflow rate, the nozzle flow coefficient μ n It is 1.32 μ .

[0015] This invention also provides a dam noise reduction system that automatically adjusts according to the inflow rate, employing the method described in any of the above-mentioned embodiments, comprising: Signal acquisition unit: Acquires real-time water level and flow rate data upstream of the dam, combines the monitoring data from the flow velocity meter, and outputs monitoring signals; Decision-making unit: Receives the monitoring signal, and based on the ecological water level and flow limit value, makes a comprehensive judgment on the collected real-time water level, real-time flow and monitoring data to determine the current water body status; Phased control unit: Dynamically adjusts the dam drainage structure based on decision-making results, including: Conventional drainage control subunit: When the real-time water level is higher than the ecological water level and the real-time flow exceeds the flow limit, the circular gate is adjusted first. By dynamically adjusting the opening radius and the number of gates, a small orifice is formed to discharge the excess flow. Excessive flood discharge control subunit: When the gates reach their maximum opening radius and maximum number of gates, and still cannot meet the drainage demand, the telescopic pipe section is activated and the length of the pipe section is adjusted to change the water flow pattern from the small orifice discharge to the nozzle discharge to meet the excess flow discharge demand. Ecological replenishment and regulation subunit: When the real-time water level is lower than the ecological water level, first adjust the length of the expandable pipe section to its limit to restore the water flow pattern from the nozzle discharge to the small orifice discharge. Then, gradually reduce the opening radius of the gate and the number of gates to reduce the drainage flow until the real-time water level rises back to the ecological water level and the real-time flow meets the flow limit value. Then, close all the gates to stop drainage.

[0016] This invention has the following advantages: First, by controlling the water flow pattern in stages, conventional drainage control uses small orifice discharge, while excess flood discharge control uses nozzle discharge, effectively suppressing noise caused by water flow turbulence and sudden changes in flow velocity, ensuring stable noise reduction effects in different flow scenarios; at the same time, relying on the dual threshold control logic of ecological water level and flow limit value, through precise calculation of excess flow and reverse replenishment operation, excessive drainage or water level imbalance is avoided, and the ecological landscape water level in front of the gate is stably maintained, providing protection for aquatic organism habitat and wetland protection, and achieving a win-win situation for noise reduction and ecological protection.

[0017] Secondly, this invention adopts a dual-threshold decision-making and phased response mechanism. Under normal flow conditions, the opening radius and number of multiple circular gates are dynamically adjusted to accurately discharge excess flow. During the flood season with high flow, the expandable pipe section is extended to 5 times the pipe diameter, and the hydraulic mode is switched to improve drainage capacity, achieving a seamless connection between normal control and drainage and excess flood control, effectively avoiding the risk of water accumulation and adapting to different inflow flow requirements.

[0018] Third, the system of this invention can be widely adapted to various dam types such as steel dams, concrete dams, and pneumatic dams, as well as conventional drainage gates. It does not require major modifications for specific dam types. It can be put into use simply by adjusting the calculation parameters according to the dam structure, which significantly reduces the cost of technology promotion and application and improves the coverage and practical value of the technology.

[0019] Fourth, the monitoring subsystem (including the flow meter) of this invention collects water level and flow data in real time, and the signal collection and control subsystem accurately calculates the flow limit value and discharge flow based on the preset formula, dynamically adjusts the parameters of the actuator, and achieves intelligent matching of flow, water level and hydraulic morphology without human intervention. The control response is timely and highly accurate, reducing human operation errors and improving the efficiency of dam operation and management.

[0020] Fifth, the system of this invention is integrated into the civil engineering part of the dam, and the actuator is installed in the pre-embedded drainage hole on the downstream side. It has strong compatibility with the original civil engineering structure and is convenient to install and maintain. The telescopic pipe section and multiple circular gates with adjustable opening radii complement each other and work together. The layout of hardware components is scientific, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the system and further improving the comprehensive benefits and service life of the water conservancy project. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0022] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in this specification are only for the purpose of assisting those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the content disclosed herein, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportions, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and objectives that the present invention can produce, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in the present invention.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a dam noise reduction method that automatically adjusts according to the inflow rate provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a technical architecture diagram of a dam noise reduction method that automatically adjusts according to the inflow rate provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is an application scenario of a gate and dam noise reduction method that automatically adjusts according to the inflow rate provided in this embodiment of the invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating the application process of a gate and dam noise reduction method that automatically adjusts according to the inflow rate, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a gate and dam noise reduction system architecture that automatically adjusts according to the incoming water flow rate, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0029] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 This invention provides a method for automatically adjusting the noise reduction of a dam based on the inflow rate, comprising the following steps: S1. Signal Acquisition: Collect real-time water level and flow data upstream of the dam, combine with the monitoring data from the flow velocity meter, and output monitoring signals; Specifically, real-time water level directly reflects the water storage status in front of the sluice gate and is the main basis for judging ecological security; real-time flow rate reflects the intensity of incoming water and is the main parameter for determining drainage demand. As the main monitoring component, the flow velocity meter can assist in the accurate calculation of flow rate, solve the problem that single water level monitoring cannot accurately reflect the actual intensity of incoming water, and ensure that the output monitoring signal can comprehensively and truthfully reflect the dynamics of the water body, providing reliable data support for subsequent decision-making.

[0030] S2. Decision-making: Upon receiving the monitoring signal, based on the ecological water level and flow limit value, make a comprehensive judgment on the collected real-time water level, real-time flow, and monitoring data to determine the current water body status; Specifically, the ecological water level is the baseline threshold for ensuring the watershed's ecological balance. Water levels below this threshold can lead to ecological problems such as habitat destruction and wetland shrinkage. The flow limit is the upper limit of safe flow corresponding to the ecological water level; exceeding this limit can cause abnormal rises in the water level upstream of the sluice gate, affecting both the ecosystem and flood control. Setting both ecological water level and flow limit thresholds is necessary because a single threshold cannot simultaneously address both ecological protection and drainage needs. Relying solely on water level may overlook the risk of sudden flow changes, while relying solely on flow may exceed the ecological water level baseline. By comparing real-time data with the two thresholds, it is possible to accurately determine whether the current situation is one of routine drainage, excessive flood discharge, or ecological replenishment, providing a clear logical guide for phased regulation.

[0031] S3. Phased Regulation: Dynamically adjust the drainage structure of the dam based on the decision-making results, including: S31. Routine drainage control: When the real-time water level is higher than the ecological water level and the real-time flow exceeds the flow limit, the circular gate is adjusted first. By dynamically adjusting the opening radius and the number of gates, a small orifice is formed to discharge the excess flow. Specifically, circular gates are prioritized because their opening radius and number can be adjusted in two dimensions, adapting to different conventional flow ranges and offering greater flexibility. Small orifice discharge is a noise reduction design based on hydraulic characteristics; when water flows out of the orifice, the flow is constrained, resulting in a uniform velocity distribution and significantly reduced turbulence intensity, thus reducing noise generation at the source. Excess flow... ΔQ = Q in - Q limit These are the key quantitative indicators that need to be accurately discharged. By dynamically adjusting the gate parameters (radius and number of gates), the discharge flow rate of the small orifice can be made consistent with... ΔQ A perfect match is achieved, which avoids both insufficient drainage leading to a continuous rise in water levels and excessive drainage exceeding ecological limits, thus achieving the dual effect of precise drainage control and stable water level reduction.

[0032] S32. Excessive flood discharge control: When the gates reach their maximum opening radius and maximum number of gates, and still cannot meet the drainage demand, the telescopic pipe section is activated and the length of the pipe section is adjusted to change the water flow pattern from the small orifice discharge to the nozzle discharge to meet the excess flow discharge demand. Specifically, if the gate cannot meet the drainage demand even after reaching its maximum regulating capacity, it indicates that the inflow rate has exceeded the normal range, and the drainage capacity needs to be improved through hydraulic optimization. The flow coefficient of the nozzle discharge... μ n = 1.32 μ ( μ (The flow coefficient of the small orifice) The principle of its flow enhancement lies in the fact that the nozzle can completely constrain the water flow, avoiding energy loss caused by water flow diffusion. The flow rate per unit area is significantly higher than that of the small orifice discharge. The telescopic pipe section can be extended to 5 times the pipe diameter, which is the optimal length verified by hydraulic tests. This length can ensure that the water flow completely fits the inner wall of the nozzle, maintains a stable nozzle discharge pattern, and avoids water flow from leaving the pipe wall due to the pipe being too short, which would cause flow fluctuations and increased noise. It achieves the goal of both flood discharge and noise reduction in high flow scenarios.

[0033] S33. Ecological replenishment regulation: When the real-time water level is lower than the ecological water level, first adjust the length of the expandable pipe section to the shortest possible length to restore the water flow pattern from the nozzle discharge to the small orifice discharge. Then gradually reduce the opening radius of the gate and the number of gates to reduce the drainage flow until the real-time water level rises back to the ecological water level and the real-time flow meets the flow limit value. Then close all the gates to stop drainage. Specifically, the ecological replenishment regulation employs a reverse operation: first narrowing the pipeline, then closing the gate. This is primarily to prevent sudden water level changes from damaging the ecosystem. First, the pipeline section is shortened to its minimum, restoring the small-orifice discharge pattern. This is because small-orifice discharge offers higher flow regulation precision, preventing the large flow rate from the main outlet from causing a further drop in water level. Then, the gate parameters are gradually reduced to slowly decrease the drainage flow, allowing the water level upstream of the gate to steadily rise back to the ecological level. This prevents sudden gate closure from causing abrupt water level changes, which could impact the aquatic environment and the structural safety of the dam. This entire reverse regulation process ensures the precise restoration and maintenance of the ecological water level, filling the gap in traditional technologies that lack ecological replenishment mechanisms.

[0034] In one possible embodiment, the maximum elongation of the expandable pipe section is 5 times the diameter of the pipe itself, and the minimum length of the expandable pipe section is the pipe's contraction limit.

[0035] Specifically, the maximum elongation length is set at 5 times the pipe diameter. This is based on the hydraulic characteristics of the nozzle discharge. When the pipe length reaches 5 times the pipe diameter, the water flow can complete contraction and stable flow within the nozzle, forming a fully developed nozzle outflow. At this point, the flow coefficient stabilizes at 1.32. μ It maximizes drainage capacity and minimizes noise; the contraction limit state is the structural design limit of the pipe section. At this point, the pipe section is completely contracted without affecting the hydraulic pattern of the small orifice discharge, ensuring the smoothness and stability when switching between the two discharge modes, and avoiding water flow turbulence caused by the residual length of the pipe, which would affect the control accuracy and noise reduction effect.

[0036] In one possible embodiment, the criteria for determining the real-time water level and the real-time flow rate include: whether the real-time water level is higher than the ecological water level, whether the real-time flow rate exceeds the flow rate limit, whether the gate has reached its maximum drainage capacity, and whether the real-time water level is lower than the ecological water level. The excess flow rate is calculated as follows: ΔQ = Q in -Q limit ; In the formula, ΔQ To avoid excess bandwidth, Q in The real-time traffic, Q limit This refers to the flow rate limit value.

[0037] Specifically, four judgment criteria constitute a complete water body status identification system. The first two criteria define routine drainage needs, the third defines excess flood discharge needs, and the fourth defines ecological replenishment needs, ensuring that the triggering conditions for each regulation stage are complete and non-overlapping; excess flow... ΔQ The calculation formula is the main basis for quantitative regulation.Q in Reflects the actual inflow intensity, Q limit Reflecting the ecological carrying capacity, the difference between the two directly indicates the excess flow that needs to be discharged, and all subsequent adjustment actions (gate parameter adjustment, pipeline joint expansion and contraction) are matched accordingly. ΔQ The goal is to avoid blind regulation and ensure that drainage effects meet flood control requirements without compromising ecological boundaries.

[0038] In one possible embodiment, the flow limit value is calculated using the following formula: ; In the formula, Q The flow limit value, m For flow coefficient, ε The lateral contraction coefficient, σ The submersion coefficient is... b For the clear width of the gate opening, n The number of gate openings. H 0 The water head with a traveling velocity upstream of the gate.

[0039] Specifically, flow coefficient m This reflects the flow capacity of the dam, and its value is related to the gate height (when the gate height is > 1.33 times the ecological water level head). m (Value is stable and available); lateral contraction coefficient ε The shape of the side and center piers determines the flow rate, as the pier type affects the degree of contraction of the water flow through the sluice gate, thus affecting the flow rate; submergence coefficient. σ =1 because this scheme is designed so that no flooding overflow occurs downstream, resulting in a free outflow state, simplifying calculations while ensuring accuracy; gate orifice net width b , number of orifices n These are the main structural parameters of the dam, which determine the foundation scale of the flow cross-section; the head of the water with the traveling flow velocity. H 0 Taking into account both the potential and kinetic energy of the water flow, this formula reflects actual hydraulic conditions more accurately than simply considering the static head. The values ​​calculated using this formula... Q limit It is the upper limit of the optimal safe flow rate under the ecological water level, providing a scientific quantitative standard for decision-making.

[0040] In one possible embodiment, the formula for calculating the discharge flow rate of the small orifice in the conventional drainage regulation is: ; In the formula, Q 小 The orifice represents the discharge flow rate at the small orifice. μ The flow coefficient of the small orifice.A The cross-sectional area of ​​the orifice. g It is the acceleration due to gravity. H 0 The water head with a traveling velocity upstream of the gate.

[0041] Specifically, the potential energy of the water flow at the orifice is converted into kinetic energy, while also considering the local energy loss at the orifice (determined by the flow coefficient). μ (Correction). Small orifice flow coefficient μ A value of 0.60 to 0.62 represents a typical and reasonable range for free outflow from small circular orifices in hydraulic engineering. Extensive practical verification has shown that this value accurately reflects the actual flow capacity of the orifice. The orifice cross-sectional area A is determined by the gate opening radius and, combined with the number of gates in operation, can form different flow area combinations to suit various applications. ΔQ Demand; Gravitational acceleration g The head of the water with the traveling flow velocity is constant. H 0 This ensures the formula's adaptability to actual water flow conditions, avoiding flow rate calculation errors caused by neglecting the traveling velocity. Using this formula, the flow rate that meets the requirements can be accurately calculated. ΔQ The required discharge flow rate through the small orifice provides data support for adjusting the gate parameters.

[0042] In one possible embodiment, the formula for calculating the discharge flow rate of the nozzle under the excess flood discharge regulation is: ; Where Q 管 The discharge flow rate of the nozzle is [missing information]. μ n The nozzle flow coefficient, A The cross-sectional area of ​​the orifice. g It is the acceleration due to gravity. H 0 The water head with a traveling velocity upstream of the gate.

[0043] Specifically, flow coefficient μ n =1.32 μ The nozzle exerts a stronger constraint on the water flow. As the water flows through the nozzle, a stable streamline forms after the contraction section, preventing energy loss caused by water diffusion after exiting the small orifice, thus significantly increasing the flow rate per unit area. The nozzle flow coefficient is determined based on hydraulic characteristic tests of the nozzle, ensuring the accuracy of the formula calculation. The orifice cross-sectional area A is shared with the small orifice discharge, ensuring parameter consistency when switching between the two discharge modes. Other parameters ( g , H 0The meaning of ) is consistent with that of small orifice discharge, maintaining the consistency of calculation logic, facilitating parameter calling and dynamic adjustment by the system, and ensuring precise control of discharge flow in high-flow scenarios.

[0044] In one possible embodiment, the structural form of the dam includes the number of gate openings, gate width, gate height, gate thickness, and the shape of the side piers and gate piers, wherein the lateral contraction coefficient ε is determined by the shape of the side piers and the central pier; The flooding coefficient σ The value of 1 corresponds to the condition where no flooding or overflow occurs downstream; The flow coefficient m The determination method is as follows: when ensuring the upstream ecological water level, the gate height is greater than 1.33 times the water head at the upstream ecological water level. This is determined by referring to the relationship curve diagram. m The specific value; Specifically, the shape of the side abutments and the central abutments determines the lateral contraction coefficient. ε This is because streamlined piers obstruct and disturb the water flow less, have a larger contraction coefficient, and stronger flow capacity, while irregular piers increase the degree of water flow contraction and reduce flow capacity; submersion coefficient σ Setting the value to 1 indicates that no downstream flooding overflow will occur. This is to avoid flow instability and increased noise caused by flooding overflow, while also simplifying the calculation model and ensuring the accuracy of flow limit and discharge calculations; Flow coefficient m The determining condition (gate height > 1.33 times the ecological water level head) is because when the gate height reaches this ratio, the flow through the gate is in a stable flow state of a "broad-crested weir" or "practical weir," and the flow coefficient is... m No longer fluctuating slightly with water levels, this can be directly queried through industry-standard relationship curves to ensure... m This improves the stability and reliability of the values, thereby enhancing the accuracy of the entire computing system.

[0045] In one possible embodiment, the orifice flow coefficient μ The value range is 0.60~0.62; Specifically, this value range is determined for the free outflow scenario of circular, sharp-edge small orifices commonly found in hydraulic engineering, covering the characteristics of small orifices made of different materials (steel, concrete) and with varying processing precision. Within this range, the flow coefficient... μ The fluctuation range is small, and its impact on the flow calculation results is negligible. It can ensure the calculation accuracy and has strong versatility. It does not require separate testing for each specific orifice, which reduces the complexity and cost of the technology application and meets the system's universal design goal of being applicable to a variety of dam types.

[0046] In one possible embodiment, the nozzle flow coefficient μ nIt is 1.32 μ ; Specifically, when water flows through the nozzle, it first contracts at the inlet to form a minimum flow cross-section, and then gradually expands inside the nozzle to fill the pipe. Throughout this process, energy loss is only localized and far less than the diffusion loss after exiting through the small orifice. Extensive hydraulic tests have verified that when the nozzle length reaches 5 times the pipe diameter, the flow coefficient stabilizes at 1.32 times the orifice flow coefficient. This ratio ensures both the flow enhancement effect of the nozzle discharge and allows the system to directly deduce the nozzle discharge flow rate from the orifice flow coefficient, simplifying parameter calculations during control and improving system response speed.

[0047] See Figure 3 In one application of this invention, the landscape water surface 1 in the figure is an ecological protection object that the system needs to maintain. Its water level needs to be stabilized at a preset ecological water level, which is one of the main objectives of system regulation. The dam 2 is the basic carrier for system installation. Together with the civil engineering part of the dam, it forms a water flow constraint structure, providing a channel for water flow through the water passage. The noise reduction system 3 is an integrated functional unit, including a monitoring subsystem, a signal collection and control subsystem, an actuator (expandable pipe section, circular gate), and a power supply subsystem, realizing the entire process of data acquisition, decision-making, and phased regulation. The civil engineering part of the dam 4 is the actuator. The installation foundation includes pre-buried drainage holes on the downstream side to provide installation space for circular gates and expandable pipe sections, ensuring that the components are compatible with the dam structure; the riverbed 5 serves as the environmental benchmark for system installation, with the civil engineering parts of the dam and the water passage all arranged on the riverbed, providing the final destination for the water discharge; the discharged water flow 6 represents the water flow pattern after system regulation, exhibiting two main forms, "small orifice discharge" and "pipe discharge," depending on the working state, directly reflecting the noise reduction effect and drainage capacity; the monitoring subsystem 7 includes a flow velocity meter, which collects real-time water level and flow rate of the landscape water surface and outputs monitoring signals to the signal collection and control subsystem.

[0048] See Figure 4In one application of this invention, the dam 1 in the figure is the basic carrier for system installation. Together with the civil engineering part of the dam, it forms a water flow constraint structure, providing a channel for water flow through the flow channel; the discharged water flow 6 is the water flow pattern after system regulation, which presents two main patterns, "small orifice discharge" and "pipe nozzle discharge", depending on the working state, and is a direct reflection of noise reduction effect and drainage capacity; the telescopic pipe section 8 can realize contraction and extension. When contracted to its shortest length, it is adapted to small orifice discharge, and when extended to 5 times the pipe diameter, it is adapted to pipe nozzle discharge, which is the main carrier for water flow pattern transformation; the circular gate 9 with adjustable opening radius is a precise control and discharge execution component. By adjusting the opening radius and the number of gates, the drainage volume is controlled, which is the main execution mechanism for conventional drainage regulation; the dynamic working state of the circular gate 10 during the adjustment of the opening radius reflects the regulation process of gradually adjusting the opening radius, ensuring that the drainage volume and excess flow are controlled. ΔQ = Q in -Q limit Precise matching; the dynamic working state of pipe section 11 during the expansion and contraction process reflects the action logic of gradual extension / retraction, providing support for the smooth transformation of water flow pattern; the signal collection and control subsystem 12 is the main control unit of the system, receiving monitoring signals from the monitoring subsystem, making decisions based on ecological water level and flow limit values, and sending control commands to the actuators (gate, pipe section); the power supply subsystem 13 is the system power supply unit, providing continuous power support for the operation of the monitoring subsystem, signal collection and control subsystem, and actuators, and is the basic guarantee for the automated operation of the system; the water flow channel 14 is the water flow transmission channel, connecting the dam and the downstream discharge area, providing a stable transmission path for water flow in two forms: small orifice discharge and nozzle discharge, ensuring the water flow constraint effect.

[0049] When the noise reduction system is not activated, the circular gate 9 with adjustable opening radius is completely closed, the telescopic pipe section 8 is retracted to its shortest limit, the monitoring subsystem continuously collects data but does not trigger control, there is no obvious discharge water flow 6 in the water passage 14, and the landscape water surface maintains the natural ecological water level. When the noise reduction system enters the orifice opening process, the signal collection and control subsystem 12 determines that regular drainage is required. The adjustable circular gate 9 changes to a circular gate 10 during the adjustment process, with the opening radius gradually increasing and the number of gates opening as needed. The telescopic pipe section 8 remains contracted, and the water flows through the gate orifice to form a small orifice discharge. The discharged water flow 6 gradually appears along the water passage 14. When the noise reduction system is in the fully open state, the adjustable circular gate 9 reaches its maximum opening radius and number of gates opening. The small orifice discharge flow is stable, and the discharged water flow 6 passes evenly through the water passage 14. The telescopic pipe section 8 still does not move. If the incoming water flow is too large, the noise reduction system enters the pipe flow opening process. The signal collection and control subsystem 12 triggers an over-discharge command, and the telescopic pipe section 8 transforms into the pipe section 11 in the telescopic process. The length gradually increases, and the water flow pattern changes from small orifice discharge to nozzle discharge, increasing the discharge flow 6. Finally, when the noise reduction system is fully open, the telescopic pipe section 8 extends to 5 times the pipe diameter, completely forming nozzle discharge. The circular gate 9 with an adjustable opening radius is kept at maximum opening, and the discharge flow 6 is stably discharged along the pipe section and the water flow channel 14. This not only meets the demand for large-flow drainage, but also reduces turbulence noise due to the constrained water flow. Throughout the process, all components work together to achieve the dual goals of maintaining the ecological water level of the landscape water surface and noise reduction, realizing the logic from data acquisition to execution of control.

[0050] The application scenarios of this invention are as follows: Noise reduction and control of urban landscape river sluice gates and dams: Deployed in urban landscape river sluice gate and dam scenarios around residential and commercial areas, using dynamic flow adaptation, small orifice / pipe discharge switching, and ecological water level closed-loop control mechanism, it provides low-noise discharge and stable landscape water surface for citizens' leisure and surrounding residents' lives, and adapts to the diverse needs of urban sluice gate and dam noise control, ecological water level maintenance, and flood control during the flood season.

[0051] Watershed flood control and routine drainage regulation: Flood control and drainage gate dams are deployed at key nodes of the main stream and tributaries of the watershed. By utilizing real-time flow monitoring, intelligent switching between dual-mode discharge, and cascade linkage scheduling technology, they provide precise flow regulation services for watershed flood control safety and downstream farmland irrigation, adapting to the needs of flood discharge during the flood season, water-saving drainage control during the non-flood season, and stable irrigation water supply.

[0052] Ecological restoration-type river sluice gate regulation: Deployed in ecologically sensitive areas such as wetland parks and aquatic habitats, river sluice gates utilize precise maintenance of ecological water levels, low-disturbance discharge control, and dam structure adaptation design to provide a low-disturbance operating environment for aquatic ecological protection and biological habitat, and meet the main needs of ecological water level stability, water body self-purification enhancement, and biological channel protection.

[0053] Multi-dam cascade joint regulation: Deployed in various cascade dam scenarios such as concrete dams, pneumatic dams, and conventional drainage gates within the basin, utilizing multi-dam type adaptation and transformation, full-element data linkage, and intelligent collaborative scheduling system, it provides a collaborative regulation scheme for "upstream flood control, midstream ecology, and downstream landscape" for unified basin management, adapting to the needs of cascade engineering for overall flood control safety, ecological protection, and landscape benefits.

[0054] Dual-purpose gate and dam control for urban suburban irrigation and landscape: Deployed in agricultural tourism areas and wetland parks in urban suburbs, dual-purpose gate and dams utilize intelligent switching of functional thresholds, automated operation and maintenance, and low-power driving technology to provide flexible water resource control services for farmland irrigation and landscape creation, adapting to the actual needs of precise water supply during irrigation season, landscape water level maintenance during non-irrigation season, and low operation and maintenance costs.

[0055] It should be noted that the method of this embodiment can also be applied to distributed scenarios, where multiple devices cooperate to complete the task. In such a distributed scenario, one of these devices may execute only one or more steps of the method in this embodiment, and the multiple devices will interact with each other to complete the long video question-answering enhancement processing method based on bidirectional audio-visual alignment.

[0056] It should be noted that the above description describes some embodiments of this disclosure. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recorded in the claims can be performed in a different order than that shown in the above embodiments and still achieve the desired result. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require a specific or sequential order to achieve the desired result. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous. Example 2

[0057] See Figure 5 The present invention also provides a dam noise reduction system that automatically adjusts according to the inflow rate, employing the method described in any of the above embodiments, comprising: Signal acquisition unit 100: Acquires real-time water level and real-time flow data upstream of the dam, and outputs monitoring signals in combination with the monitoring data of the flow velocity meter; Decision-making unit 200: Receives the monitoring signal, and based on the ecological water level and flow limit value, makes a comprehensive judgment on the collected real-time water level, real-time flow and monitoring data to determine the current water body status; Phased control unit 300: Dynamically adjusts the dam drainage structure based on decision-making results, including: Conventional drainage control subunit: When the real-time water level is higher than the ecological water level and the real-time flow exceeds the flow limit, the circular gate is adjusted first. By dynamically adjusting the opening radius and the number of gates, a small orifice is formed to discharge the excess flow. Excessive flood discharge control subunit: When the gates reach their maximum opening radius and maximum number of gates, and still cannot meet the drainage demand, the telescopic pipe section is activated and the length of the pipe section is adjusted to change the water flow pattern from the small orifice discharge to the nozzle discharge to meet the excess flow discharge demand. Ecological replenishment and regulation subunit: When the real-time water level is lower than the ecological water level, first adjust the length of the expandable pipe section to its limit to restore the water flow pattern from the nozzle discharge to the small orifice discharge. Then, gradually reduce the opening radius of the gate and the number of gates to reduce the drainage flow until the real-time water level rises back to the ecological water level and the real-time flow meets the flow limit value. Then, close all the gates to stop drainage.

[0058] It should be noted that the information interaction and execution process between the modules of the above-mentioned device are based on the same concept as the method embodiment in Embodiment 1 of this application, and the resulting technical effects are the same as those in the method embodiment of this application. For details, please refer to the description in the method embodiment shown above in this application, and it will not be repeated here. Example 3

[0059] Embodiment 3 of the present invention provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing program code for a gate and dam noise reduction method that automatically adjusts according to the inflow rate. The program code includes instructions for executing the gate and dam noise reduction method that automatically adjusts according to the inflow rate according to Embodiment 1 or any possible implementation thereof.

[0060] Computer-readable storage media can be any usable medium that a computer can access, or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more usable media. The usable medium can be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g.,... DVD ), or semiconductor media (such as solid-state drives (SSDs) Solid State Disk , SSD ))wait. Example 4

[0061] Embodiment 4 of the present invention provides an electronic device, including: a memory and a processor; The processor and the memory communicate with each other via a bus; the memory stores program instructions that can be executed by the processor, and the processor can call the program instructions to execute a dam noise reduction method that automatically adjusts according to the incoming water flow rate according to Embodiment 1 or any possible implementation thereof.

[0062] Specifically, a processor can be implemented in hardware or software. When implemented in hardware, the processor can be a logic circuit, an integrated circuit, etc. When implemented in software, the processor can be a general-purpose processor that reads software code stored in memory. This memory can be integrated into the processor or located outside the processor and exist independently.

[0063] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved entirely or partially through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented entirely or partially in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present invention are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable system. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another; for example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from a website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, digital subscriber line) communication. DSL It can transmit data to another website, computer, server, or data center via either a wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave) method or a wireless method.

[0064] It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the modules or steps of the present invention described above can be implemented using general-purpose computing systems. They can be centralized on a single computing system or distributed across a network of multiple computing systems. Optionally, they can be implemented using program code executable by a computing system, thereby storing them in a storage system for execution by the computing system. In some cases, the steps shown or described can be performed in a different order than those presented herein, or they can be fabricated as separate integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps can be fabricated as a single integrated circuit module. Thus, the present invention is not limited to any particular combination of hardware and software.

[0065] Although the present invention has been described in detail above with general descriptions and specific embodiments, modifications or improvements can be made to it, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, all such modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for noise reduction of a dam that automatically adjusts according to the inflow rate, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Signal Acquisition: Collect real-time water level and flow data upstream of the dam, combine with the monitoring data from the flow velocity meter, and output monitoring signals. S2. Decision-making: Upon receiving the monitoring signal, based on the ecological water level and flow limit value, make a comprehensive judgment on the collected real-time water level, real-time flow, and monitoring data to determine the current water body status; S3. Phased Regulation: Dynamically adjust the drainage structure of the dam based on the decision-making results, including: S31. Routine drainage control: When the real-time water level is higher than the ecological water level and the real-time flow exceeds the flow limit, the circular gate is adjusted first. By dynamically adjusting the opening radius and the number of gates, a small orifice is formed to discharge the excess flow. S32. Excessive flood discharge control: When the gates reach their maximum opening radius and maximum number of gates, and still cannot meet the drainage demand, the telescopic pipe section is activated and the length of the pipe section is adjusted to change the water flow pattern from the small orifice discharge to the nozzle discharge to meet the excess flow discharge demand. S33. Ecological replenishment regulation: When the real-time water level is lower than the ecological water level, first adjust the length of the expandable pipe section to the shortest possible value to restore the water flow pattern from the nozzle discharge to the small orifice discharge. Then gradually reduce the opening radius of the gate and the number of gates to reduce the drainage flow until the real-time water level rises back to the ecological water level and the real-time flow meets the flow limit value. Then close all the gates to stop drainage.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The maximum elongation of the expandable pipe section is 5 times the pipe's own diameter, and the minimum length of the expandable pipe section is the pipe's contraction limit.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The criteria for judging the real-time water level and the real-time flow include: whether the real-time water level is higher than the ecological water level, whether the real-time flow exceeds the flow limit, whether the gate has reached its maximum drainage capacity, and whether the real-time water level is lower than the ecological water level. The excess flow rate is calculated as follows: ΔQ=Q in -Q limit ； In the formula, ΔQ To avoid excess bandwidth, Q in The real-time traffic, Q limit This refers to the flow rate limit value.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the flow limit value is as follows: ； In the formula, Q The flow limit value, m For flow coefficient, ε The lateral contraction coefficient, σ The submersion coefficient is... b For the clear width of the gate opening, n The number of gate openings. H 0 The water head with a traveling velocity upstream of the gate.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the discharge flow rate of the small orifice in the conventional drainage regulation is as follows: ； In the formula, Q 小 The orifice represents the discharge flow rate at the small orifice. μ The flow coefficient of the small orifice. A The cross-sectional area of ​​the orifice. g It is the acceleration due to gravity. H 0 The water head with a traveling velocity upstream of the gate.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the discharge flow rate of the nozzle under the excess flood discharge regulation is as follows: ； In the formula, Q 管 The discharge flow rate of the nozzle is [missing information]. μ n The nozzle flow coefficient, A The cross-sectional area of ​​the orifice. g It is the acceleration due to gravity. H 0 The water head with a traveling velocity upstream of the gate.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The structural type of the dam includes the number of gate openings, gate width, gate height, gate thickness, and the shape of the side piers and gate abutments, as well as the lateral contraction coefficient. ε The shape is determined by the shape of the side piers and the center pier; The flooding coefficient σ The value of 1 corresponds to the condition where no flooding or overflow occurs downstream; The flow coefficient m The determination method is as follows: when ensuring the upstream ecological water level, the gate height is greater than 1.33 times the water head at the upstream ecological water level. This is determined by referring to the relationship curve diagram. m The specific value.

8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The orifice flow coefficient μ The value range is 0.60 to 0.

62.

9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The nozzle flow coefficient μ n It is 1.32 μ .

10. A dam noise reduction system that automatically adjusts according to the inflow rate, employing the method described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: Signal acquisition unit: Collects real-time water level and flow data upstream of the dam, combines the monitoring data from the flow velocity meter, and outputs monitoring signals; Decision-making unit: Receives the monitoring signal, and based on the ecological water level and flow limit value, makes a comprehensive judgment on the collected real-time water level, real-time flow and monitoring data to determine the current water body status; Phased control unit: Dynamically adjusts the dam drainage structure based on decision-making results, including: Conventional drainage control subunit: When the real-time water level is higher than the ecological water level and the real-time flow exceeds the flow limit, the circular gate is adjusted first. By dynamically adjusting the opening radius and the number of gates, a small orifice is formed to discharge the excess flow. Excessive flood discharge control subunit: When the gates reach their maximum opening radius and maximum number of gates, and still cannot meet the drainage demand, the telescopic pipe section is activated and the length of the pipe section is adjusted to change the water flow pattern from the small orifice discharge to the nozzle discharge to meet the excess flow discharge demand. Ecological replenishment and regulation subunit: When the real-time water level is lower than the ecological water level, first adjust the length of the expandable pipe section to its limit to restore the water flow pattern from the nozzle discharge to the small orifice discharge. Then, gradually reduce the opening radius of the gate and the number of gates to reduce the drainage flow until the real-time water level rises back to the ecological water level and the real-time flow meets the flow limit value. Then, close all the gates to stop drainage.

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