Ground monitoring device and method for annulus pressure in gas storage

Abstract

The application provides a ground monitoring device and method for annular pressure in a gas storage, and belongs to the technical field of gas storage well exploitation. The device comprises a wellhead connecting module and a skid-mounted module, the wellhead connecting module is arranged at the side of a gas storage well, the skid-mounted module is integrated in a mobile vehicle, and the wellhead connecting module and the skid-mounted module are used in cooperation. Through the device, accurate monitoring of pressure, temperature, flow, gas components and liquid components can be realized in the whole cycle of the gas storage well, the risk assessment of annular pressure and the evaluation of leakage degree in the gas storage are facilitated, the comprehensiveness and accuracy of data collection and analysis are improved, technical support is provided for integrity management, well repair and safety production of the gas storage well, and stable operation of the gas storage well is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of gas well development technology in gas storage facilities, and in particular to a ground monitoring device and method for pressurized annulus in a gas storage facility. Background Technology

[0002] The annulus in a gas storage facility refers to the ring-shaped space between the casing and the wellbore in the gas storage wellbore. Abnormal pressure in the annulus can lead to overpressure damage to the wellhead equipment or the tubing within the well, resulting in gas leakage. This not only affects the normal production and operation of the gas storage well but may also cause accidents. Therefore, monitoring the annulus pressure helps to promptly detect and address leaks, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the gas storage well.

[0003] Currently, there are few suitable detection devices and methods for annular pressure monitoring in gas storage facilities, and typically only annular gas is monitored. However, due to the complexity of the wellbore environment, relying on a single indicator to monitor and analyze abnormal fluctuations in annular pressure is inaccurate. Managing gas storage wells in this way increases potential risks and is detrimental to stable operation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a surface monitoring device and method for annular pressure monitoring in gas storage wells. It enables accurate monitoring of annular pressure, temperature, flow rate, gas composition, and liquid composition, facilitating risk assessment and leakage evaluation of annular pressure in gas storage wells. This not only improves the comprehensiveness and accuracy of data acquisition and analysis but also provides technical support for the integrity management, well workover, and safe production of gas storage wells, thus contributing to the stable operation of gas storage wells. The technical solution is as follows:

[0005] On the one hand, a ground monitoring device for pressurized annulus in a gas storage facility is provided, the device comprising:

[0006] The wellhead connection module and the skid-mounted module are configured on the side of the gas storage well and integrated in a mobile vehicle. The wellhead connection module and the skid-mounted module are used together.

[0007] The wellhead connection module includes a first branch pipeline, a second branch pipeline, and a third branch pipeline for connecting the wellside acquisition tree of the gas storage well. The wellhead connection module also includes a pressure relief pipeline for connecting the skid-mounted module. The first branch pipeline, the second branch pipeline, and the third branch pipeline are all connected to the pressure relief pipeline.

[0008] The first branch pipeline is equipped with a first gate valve, the second branch pipeline is equipped with a second gate valve, and the third branch pipeline is equipped with a third gate valve. The pressure relief pipeline is equipped with a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a solenoid valve, a check valve, an intelligent vortex flow meter, a high-pressure shut-off valve, and a first-stage pressure reducing valve in sequence from the gas storage well side to the mobile vehicle side.

[0009] The skid-mounted module includes a condensate drain valve for separating annular gas and annular liquid in the annular fluid. The skid-mounted module also includes a first pipeline branch for discharging the annular gas and a second pipeline branch for discharging the annular liquid. The condensate drain valve can be connected to the pressure relief pipeline. The first pipeline branch includes a gas phase pipeline and a gas discharge pipeline connected sequentially from the side of the condensate drain valve. The second pipeline branch includes a liquid phase pipeline, a liquid detection chamber, and a liquid discharge pipeline connected sequentially from the side of the condensate drain valve. The gas phase pipeline and the liquid phase pipeline are connected downstream of the condensate drain valve.

[0010] The gas phase pipeline is provided with a two-stage pressure reducing valve, a gas component analyzer, a CO2 concentration tester and an H2S concentration tester in sequence from the liquid condenser valve side; the liquid detection chamber is provided with a level gauge, a pH tester and a pressure gauge; and the liquid discharge pipeline is provided with a second check valve.

[0011] The skid-mounted module also includes a third pipeline branch for discharging gas from the liquid detection chamber. The third pipeline branch includes an exhaust pipeline and the exhaust gas pipeline connected in sequence. One side of the exhaust pipeline is connected to the liquid detection chamber, and the other side of the exhaust pipeline is connected to the junction of the exhaust gas pipeline and the gas phase pipeline.

[0012] The exhaust pipeline is equipped with a first check valve.

[0013] In some embodiments, the first gate valve, the second gate valve, and the third gate valve are used to monitor different annulus spaces through a combination of open and closed states;

[0014] When monitoring the first annulus corresponding to the first gate valve, the first gate valve is in the open state, while the second gate valve and the third gate valve are both in the closed state.

[0015] When monitoring the second annulus corresponding to the second gate valve, the second gate valve is in the open state, and the first gate valve and the third gate valve are both in the closed state.

[0016] When monitoring the first annulus corresponding to the third gate valve, the third gate valve is in the open state, while the first gate valve and the second gate valve are both in the closed state.

[0017] In some embodiments, the solenoid valve is used to adjust to release pressure when the annular pressure value collected by the pressure sensor is greater than the rated pressure value. The solenoid valve, the check valve, the high-pressure shut-off valve, and the first-stage pressure reducing valve are all in the open state during the pressure release process.

[0018] In some embodiments, the high-pressure shut-off valve is used to close when the annular pressure value collected by the pressure sensor is greater than a pressure threshold, wherein the pressure threshold is greater than the rated pressure value.

[0019] In some embodiments, the exhaust gas pipeline is used to exhaust gas passing through the gas phase pipeline, the exhaust gas pipeline is also used to exhaust gas passing through the exhaust pipeline, and the exhaust liquid pipeline is used to exhaust liquid passing through the liquid phase pipeline and the liquid detection chamber.

[0020] In some embodiments, the first check valve is used to open when the pressure value collected by the pressure gauge is greater than 0, and the first check valve is also used to close when the pressure value collected by the pressure gauge is equal to 0. The second check valve is in the closed state by default, and the second check valve is used to open when the pressure value collected by the pressure gauge is equal to 0.

[0021] In some embodiments, the wellhead connection module further includes an alarm connected to the pressure sensor, which is used to sound an alarm when the annular pressure value collected by the pressure sensor is greater than a pressure threshold.

[0022] On the other hand, a ground monitoring method for annular pressure in a gas storage facility is provided, applied to the aforementioned ground monitoring device for annular pressure in a gas storage facility, the method comprising:

[0023] Open any one of the first, second, and third gate valves, and close the other two gate valves;

[0024] Annular pressure and temperature are collected using pressure and temperature sensors, respectively.

[0025] If the annular pressure value collected by the pressure sensor is greater than the rated pressure value, adjust the solenoid valve to release the annular fluid.

[0026] The flow rate of natural gas in the annular fluid is collected by an intelligent vortex flow meter, the annular fluid is depressurized by a first-stage pressure reducing valve, and the annular gas and annular liquid in the annular fluid are separated by a liquid-free valve.

[0027] The ambient air gas is depressurized by a two-stage pressure reducing valve, and the ambient air gas is detected by a gas component analyzer, a CO2 concentration tester, and an H2S concentration tester, respectively. The ambient air gas is then discharged through a gas discharge pipeline.

[0028] The liquid level in the liquid detection chamber, the pH value of the annular liquid, and the gas pressure value in the liquid detection chamber are collected by a level gauge, a pH value tester, and a pressure gauge, respectively.

[0029] When the gas pressure value collected by the pressure gauge is equal to 0, the second check valve is opened, and the annular liquid is discharged through the discharge liquid pipeline.

[0030] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0031] If the annular pressure value collected by the pressure sensor is greater than the pressure threshold, the high-pressure shut-off valve is closed.

[0032] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0033] When the gas pressure value collected by the pressure gauge is greater than 0, the first check valve is opened, and the gas passing through the liquid detection chamber is discharged through the exhaust pipeline and the discharge gas pipeline.

[0034] This application provides a surface monitoring device for annular pressurization in a gas storage facility. The device includes a wellhead connection module and a skid-mounted module. The wellhead connection module is configured on the side of the gas storage well, while the skid-mounted module is integrated into a mobile vehicle. The wellhead connection module and the skid-mounted module are used in conjunction. This device enables accurate monitoring of pressure, temperature, flow rate, gas composition, and liquid composition throughout the entire lifecycle of the gas storage well. This facilitates risk assessment and leakage evaluation of annular pressurization in the gas storage facility. It not only improves the comprehensiveness and accuracy of data acquisition and analysis but also provides technical support for the integrity management, well workover, and safe production of gas storage wells, thus contributing to the stable operation of the gas storage wells. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a ground monitoring device for pressurized annulus in a gas storage facility, provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of a ground monitoring method for pressurized annulus in a gas storage facility, provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0038] It should be noted that, Figure 1It was not drawn to scale. Figure 1 The meanings of the reference numerals in the attached figures are as follows: 1. First gate valve; 2. Second gate valve; 3. Third gate valve; 4. Pressure sensor; 5. Temperature sensor; 6. Solenoid valve; 7. Check valve; 8. Intelligent vortex flowmeter; 9. High-pressure shut-off valve; 10. First-stage pressure reducing valve; 11. Liquid evaporator; 12. Second-stage pressure reducing valve; 13. Gas component analyzer; 14. CO2 concentration meter; 15. H2S concentration meter; 16. First check valve; 17. Second check valve; 18. Liquid level gauge; 19. pH meter; 20. Pressure gauge; 21. Gas phase pipeline; 22. Liquid phase pipeline; 23. Gas discharge pipeline; 24. Liquid discharge pipeline; 25. Exhaust pipeline; 26. Data collection tree; 27. First branch pipeline; 28. Second branch pipeline; 29. ​​Third branch pipeline; 30. Pressure relief pipeline; 31. Liquid detection chamber. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Here, the exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not an exhaustive list of all embodiments. Where there is no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a ground monitoring device for annular pressurization in a gas storage facility, provided in an embodiment of this application. The device includes a wellhead connection module and a skid-mounted module. The wellhead connection module is configured on the side of the gas storage well, and the skid-mounted module is integrated into a mobile vehicle. The wellhead connection module and the skid-mounted module are used in conjunction. Based on the conventional wellbore structure of a gas storage facility, this device can be connected to commonly used wellhead devices in gas storage facilities. The wellhead connection module and the skid-mounted module are detachably connected.

[0041] The wellhead connection module enables decompression and partial annular data acquisition, while the skid-mounted module enables the acquisition of remaining annular data and the gas-liquid separation and discharge of the annular control fluid. In other words, the combined use of the wellhead connection module and the skid-mounted module allows for the acquisition of multiple annular data and the gas-liquid separation and discharge of the annular control fluid. The detachable connection between the skid-mounted module and the wellhead connection module facilitates the disassembly and relocation of the skid-mounted module, enabling rapid and efficient monitoring of multiple injection and production wells in the gas storage facility, thus improving the monitoring efficiency of the annular control pressurization in the gas storage facility.

[0042] The wellhead connection module includes a first branch line 27, a second branch line 28, and a third branch line 29 for connecting to the gas storage wellside acquisition tree 26. The wellhead connection module also includes a pressure relief line 30 for connecting to the skid-mounted module. The first branch line 27, second branch line 28, and third branch line 29 are all connected to the pressure relief line 30. A first gate valve 1 is installed in the first branch line 27, a second gate valve 2 is installed in the second branch line 28, and a third gate valve 3 is installed in the third branch line 29. From the gas storage wellside to the mobile vehicle side, the pressure relief line 30 is sequentially equipped with a pressure sensor 4, a temperature sensor 5, a solenoid valve 6, a check valve 7, an intelligent vortex flowmeter 8, a high-pressure shut-off valve 9, and a first-stage pressure reducing valve 10.

[0043] The first gate valve 1, the second gate valve 2, and the third gate valve 3 are used to monitor different annulus spaces through combinations of open and closed states. Accordingly, when monitoring the first annulus space corresponding to the first gate valve 1, the first gate valve 1 is in the open state, while the second gate valve 2 and the third gate valve 3 are both in the closed state; when monitoring the second annulus space corresponding to the second gate valve 2, the second gate valve 2 is in the open state, while the first gate valve 1 and the third gate valve 3 are both in the closed state; when monitoring the first annulus space corresponding to the third gate valve 3, the third gate valve 3 is in the open state, while the first gate valve 1 and the second gate valve 2 are both in the closed state.

[0044] For example, the first annulus is annulus A, the second annulus is annulus B, and the third annulus is annulus C. By controlling the opening and closing of different gate valves, monitoring of different annulus can be achieved, improving the orderliness of monitoring and facilitating operation.

[0045] Solenoid valve 6 is used to adjust and release pressure when the annular pressure value collected by pressure sensor 4 exceeds the rated pressure value. Solenoid valve 6, check valve 7, high-pressure shut-off valve 9, and first-stage pressure reducing valve 10 are all open during pressure release. Check valve 7 prevents backflow of annular fluid. High-pressure shut-off valve 9 closes when the annular pressure value collected by pressure sensor 4 exceeds a pressure threshold, which is greater than the rated pressure value.

[0046] The coordinated operation of these valves enables pressure release, allowing the annular fluid to formally enter the subsequent monitoring and evaluation process. It should be noted that the programmable logic controller (PLC) within solenoid valve 6 controls the release of pressure when the annular pressure value detected by pressure sensor 4 exceeds the rated pressure. The rated pressure value can be set according to actual conditions, such as 1.4 MPa or 1.5 MPa. The high-pressure shut-off valve 9 can shut off the device in case of excessively high annular pressure, ensuring equipment and testing safety. When the annular fluid pressure is within the device's pressure tolerance range, the first-stage pressure reducing valve 10 reduces the pressure, thus significantly lowering the pressure level of the annular fluid as it flows through the skid-mounted module integrated in the mobile vehicle. This not only reduces the performance requirements of the skid-mounted module, improving its feasibility and practicality, but also helps ensure the safe operation of the skid-mounted module and reduces equipment failure rates.

[0047] Among them, pressure sensor 4 is used to acquire annular pressure based on the passing annular fluid. Temperature sensor 5 is used to acquire temperature based on the passing annular fluid. Intelligent vortex flow meter 8 is used to acquire natural gas flow rate based on the passing annular fluid.

[0048] The aforementioned devices enable the acquisition of partial data on the annular fluid. The annular pressure collected by pressure sensor 4 can also guide the operation of multiple valves in the wellhead connection device. It should be noted that, to avoid the impact of instantaneous high pressure during the pressure release process, the intelligent vortex flowmeter 8 should be selected with a large diameter and a high range ratio.

[0049] The skid-mounted module includes a condensate trap 11 for separating annular gas and annular liquid in the annular fluid. The module also includes a first pipeline branch for discharging annular gas and a second pipeline branch for discharging annular liquid. The condensate trap 11 can be connected to a pressure relief line 30. The first pipeline branch includes a gas phase line 21 and a gas discharge line 23 connected sequentially from the condensate trap 11 side. The second pipeline branch includes a liquid phase line 22, a liquid detection chamber, and a liquid discharge line 24 connected sequentially from the condensate trap 11 side. The gas phase line 21 and liquid phase line 22 are connected downstream of the condensate trap 11. The gas phase line 21, starting from the condensate trap 11 side, is equipped with a secondary pressure reducing valve 12, a gas component analyzer 13, a CO2 concentration meter 14, and an H2S concentration meter 15. The liquid detection chamber is equipped with a level gauge 18, a pH meter 19, and a pressure gauge 20. The liquid discharge line 24 is equipped with a second check valve 17.

[0050] Through the first pipeline branch and the multiple devices within it, data related to the annular gas in the annular fluid can be collected, and the annular gas can be discharged. Similarly, through the second pipeline branch and the multiple devices within it, data related to the annular liquid in the annular control fluid can be collected, and the annular liquid can be discharged.

[0051] The skid-mounted module also includes a third pipeline branch for discharging gas from the liquid detection chamber. This third pipeline branch includes an exhaust pipeline 25 and an exhaust gas pipeline 23 connected in sequence. One side of the exhaust pipeline 25 is connected to the liquid detection chamber, and the other side of the exhaust pipeline 25 is connected to the junction of the exhaust gas pipeline 23 and the gas phase pipeline 21. A first check valve 16 is installed in the exhaust pipeline 25.

[0052] In the first pipeline branch, the secondary pressure reducing valve 12 is used to further reduce the pressure of the ambient gas, thereby enabling the subsequent detection equipment to operate normally. The gas component analyzer 13 is used to measure the gas components and their concentrations in the ambient gas. The gas component analyzer 13 measures at least five gas components: CH4 (methane), C2H6 (ethane), CO2 (carbon dioxide), H2S (hydrogen sulfide), and N2 (nitrogen), for preliminary gas component analysis. The CO2 concentration meter 14 and the H2S concentration meter 15 focus on detecting the concentrations of CO2 and H2S, respectively, serving as early warning systems.

[0053] In the second pipeline branch, the liquid detection chamber 31 is used to temporarily store the annular fluid in the annular control fluid, facilitating the collection and analysis of annular fluid-related data. The second check valve 17 is closed by default; it opens when the pressure value collected by the pressure gauge 20 equals 0, thereby discharging the annular fluid from the liquid detection chamber 31. The level gauge 18 and pH meter 19 are used to collect the level and pH value of the annular fluid in the liquid detection chamber 31, respectively, to determine whether the annular protection fluid is contaminated. The pressure gauge 20 is used to collect the gas pressure in the liquid detection chamber 31, thereby determining whether the gas and liquid in the annular fluid have been completely separated.

[0054] In the third pipeline branch, the first check valve 16 is used to open when the pressure value collected by the pressure gauge 20 is greater than 0, and to close when the pressure value collected by the pressure gauge 20 is equal to 0. When the pressure value collected by the pressure gauge 20 is greater than 0, meaning the gas pressure in the liquid detection chamber 31 is not zero, it indicates that the gas and liquid in the annular fluid have not been completely separated. In this case, opening the first check valve 16 allows the discharge of some gas that has not been completely separated from the annular liquid. When the pressure value collected by the pressure gauge 20 is equal to 0, meaning the gas pressure in the liquid detection chamber 31 is zero, it indicates that the gas and liquid in the annular fluid have been completely separated. In this case, the first check valve 16 remains closed. The first check valve 16 allows the discharge of gas from the annular liquid phase.

[0055] It should be noted that both the first check valve 16 and the second check valve 17 can be electrically operated or manually operated. For example, the first check valve 16 can be an electrically operated check valve, and the second check valve 17 can be a manually operated check valve; or both the first check valve 16 and the second check valve 17 can be electrically operated; or both the first check valve 16 and the second check valve 17 can be manually operated. This application does not impose any limitations on these aspects.

[0056] For the piping in the skid-mounted module, the exhaust gas line 23 is used to exhaust the gas passing through the gas phase line 21, which is the annular gas obtained after gas-liquid separation of the annular fluid. The exhaust gas line 23 is also used to exhaust the gas passing through the exhaust line 25, which is the gas in the annular liquid phase path. The exhaust liquid line 24 is used to exhaust the liquid passing through the liquid phase line 22 and the liquid detection chamber, which is the annular liquid obtained after gas-liquid separation of the annular fluid.

[0057] In some embodiments, the wellhead connection module further includes an alarm connected to the pressure sensor 4. The alarm is used to sound an alarm when the annular pressure value collected by the pressure sensor 4 exceeds a pressure threshold. The alarm's notification of the device's shutdown when the pressure value is too high facilitates personnel inspection and maintenance, thereby ensuring safety.

[0058] In some embodiments, the devices in this apparatus are all connected to a data acquisition and processing module. This module collects, processes, and transmits status data or acquired data from each device. More specifically, the data acquisition and processing module can collect data from detection devices such as pressure sensor 4, temperature sensor 5, intelligent vortex flow meter 8, gas component analyzer 13, CO2 concentration meter 14, H2S concentration meter 15, level gauge 18, pH meter 19, and pressure gauge 20. The module can also collect status data from various valves. Furthermore, the module can perform calculations and analyses based on the collected data, such as determining whether the annular fluid is contaminated, whether there are leaks in the gas storage injection and production wells, and the type of leak in the gas storage injection and production wells.

[0059] Optionally, the data acquisition and processing module includes a terminal capable of wireless or wired communication with various devices in the device to collect, analyze, and display data from each device. Alternatively, the data acquisition and processing module includes a server capable of wireless communication with various devices in the terminal to collect and analyze data from each device. Alternatively, the data acquisition and processing module includes both a terminal and a server, which can be directly or indirectly connected via wired or wireless communication, with the server providing background services to the terminal. The terminal can communicate wirelessly or wired with various devices in the device to collect data from each device, and can also send the collected data from each device to the server. The server performs the primary data analysis work, and the terminal performs secondary data analysis work; or, the server performs secondary data analysis work, and the terminal performs primary data analysis work; or, the server and terminal collaborate on data analysis using a distributed architecture.

[0060] The terminals can be various types of devices such as mobile phones, desktop computers, laptops, and tablets. There can be one or more terminals. The server can be a standalone physical server, a server cluster or distributed system composed of multiple physical servers, or a cloud server providing basic cloud computing services such as cloud services, cloud databases, cloud computing, cloud functions, cloud storage, network services, cloud communication, middleware services, domain name services, security services, CDN (Content Delivery Network), and big data and artificial intelligence platforms.

[0061] The working principle of the ground monitoring device for annular pressure in a gas storage facility is briefly summarized. When the ground monitoring device is working, it monitors the pressure and temperature of each annulus in real time. When the annular pressure exceeds the rated pressure, the programmable logic controller opens solenoid valve 6 to release pressure, measures the flow rate of natural gas (mixed gas), and then performs gas-liquid separation. Gas components, CO2, and H2S concentrations are detected, while liquid levels and pH values ​​are detected. Finally, the detection data is analyzed manually to determine whether there is leakage or micro-seepage in the casing string.

[0062] This application provides a surface monitoring device for pressurized annulus in a gas storage facility. The device includes a wellhead connection module and a skid-mounted module. The wellhead connection module is configured on the side of the gas storage well, and the skid-mounted module is integrated into a mobile vehicle. The wellhead connection module and the skid-mounted module are used in conjunction. The surface monitoring device for pressurized annulus in a gas storage facility comprises at least a pressure and temperature sensor, an intelligent vortex flow meter, a shut-off valve, a pressure reducing valve, a condensate drain valve, a CO2 concentration detector, an H2S concentration detector, a check valve, a level gauge, and a pH meter.

[0063] This device offers at least the following technical advantages: It enables accurate monitoring of pressure, temperature, flow rate, gas composition, and liquid composition; conducts risk assessments and leakage evaluations of annular pressure in gas storage wells; and is simple and easy to operate, improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of data acquisition and analysis. The device effectively reduces the cost of preliminary annular pressure analysis, offering advantages such as simplicity, intuitiveness, efficiency, and economy. It provides technical support for the integrity management, well workover, and safe production of gas storage wells, contributing to their stable operation. Furthermore, this device can be widely applied to other natural gas wells, such as shale gas wells and tight gas wells, demonstrating versatility and universality.

[0064] Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of a ground monitoring method for annular pressure in a gas storage facility provided in this application embodiment. This method is applied to the aforementioned ground monitoring device for annular pressure in a gas storage facility. It should be noted that the principles and functions of all the equipment used in this method and the equipment in this device are the same, and will not be repeated here. The steps in this method are shown in (1)-(10) below.

[0065] (1) Open any one of the first gate valve 1, the second gate valve 2, and the third gate valve 3, and close the other two gate valves. Accordingly, when monitoring the first annulus, open the first gate valve 1 and close the second gate valve 2 and the third gate valve 3. When monitoring the second annulus, open the second gate valve 2 and close the first gate valve 1 and the third gate valve 3. When monitoring the third annulus, open the third gate valve 3 and close the first gate valve 1 and the second gate valve 2.

[0066] (2) The annular pressure and temperature are collected by pressure sensor 4 and temperature sensor 5 respectively. The annular fluid passes through pressure sensor 4 and temperature sensor 5, thereby monitoring the annular pressure and temperature.

[0067] It should be noted that, based on the actual conditions of the annular pressure well, the control program in the editable logic controller of solenoid valve 6 is manually adjusted to set the rated pressure value corresponding to the first annulus to P. 额定A The rated pressure value corresponding to the second annulus is P. 额定B The rated pressure value corresponding to the third annulus is P. 额定C The rated pressure value can be set according to actual conditions, such as 1.4 MPa or 1.5 MPa. For ease of description, when monitoring the first annular pressure, the pressure value collected by pressure sensor 4 is referred to as P. A During the second annular pressure monitoring, the pressure value collected by pressure sensor 4 is referred to as P. B During the third annular air pressure monitoring, the pressure value collected by pressure sensor 4 is referred to as P. C .

[0068] When monitoring each annulus, the pressure value collected by pressure sensor 4 is compared with the rated pressure value corresponding to the monitored annulus. Accordingly, when monitoring the pressure of the first annulus, P is determined. A Is it greater than P? 额定A During the second annular air pressure monitoring, it was determined that P... B Is it greater than P? 额定B During the third-ring air pressure monitoring, it was determined that P... C Is it greater than P? 额定C .

[0069] (3) If the annular pressure value collected by pressure sensor 4 is greater than the rated pressure value, adjust solenoid valve 6 to release the annular fluid. Correspondingly, if the above judgment result is yes, that is, if the pressure value collected by pressure sensor 4 is greater than the rated pressure value corresponding to the monitored annulus, adjust solenoid valve through programmable logic controller to release pressure, so that the annular fluid officially enters the subsequent monitoring and evaluation process.

[0070] (4) The flow rate of natural gas in the annular fluid is collected by the intelligent vortex flowmeter 8. Accordingly, after the annular fluid enters the monitoring and evaluation system, it first passes through the check valve 7, which is used to prevent the annular fluid from flowing back. Then, the annular fluid passes through the intelligent vortex flowmeter 8. In order to avoid the impact of instantaneous high pressure during the depressurization process, the intelligent vortex flowmeter 8 should be selected with a large diameter and a high range ratio.

[0071] (5) Determine whether the annular pressure value collected by pressure sensor 4 is greater than the pressure threshold. If the annular pressure value collected by pressure sensor 4 is greater than the pressure threshold, close the high-pressure shut-off valve 9. Accordingly, after the annular fluid flow rate is metered, if the annular pressure value measured by pressure sensor 4 is too high, the high-pressure shut-off valve will shut off the device to ensure equipment and detection safety; if the annular pressure value measured by pressure sensor 4 is within the pressure resistance range of the device, proceed to the next process. The pressure resistance range of the device is within the pressure threshold.

[0072] For ease of description, the pressure threshold is referred to as P1 when monitoring the first annular pressure; P2 when monitoring the second annular pressure; and P3 when monitoring the third annular pressure. The pressure threshold can be set according to actual conditions, such as 40 MPa or 50 MPa.

[0073] When monitoring each annulus, the pressure value collected by pressure sensor 4 is compared with the pressure threshold corresponding to the monitored annulus. Accordingly, when monitoring the pressure of the first annulus, P is determined... A Is it greater than P1? When monitoring the second annular pressure, determine if P is greater than P1. B Is it greater than P2? When monitoring the third annular air pressure, determine if P is greater than P2. C Is it greater than P3?

[0074] (6) When the annular pressure value collected by the pressure sensor 4 is not greater than the pressure threshold, that is, when the annular fluid pressure is within the pressure resistance range of the device, the annular fluid is depressurized by the first-stage pressure reducing valve 10, and the annular gas and annular liquid in the annular fluid are separated by the liquid-repellent valve 11, so as to facilitate the subsequent detection of the annular control gas and annular liquid in the annular fluid, and provide rich basis for subsequent evaluation.

[0075] (7) The annular gas is depressurized through the secondary pressure reducing valve 12, and then detected by the gas component analyzer 13, CO2 concentration meter 14, and H2S concentration meter 15. The annular gas is then discharged through the exhaust gas line 23. Accordingly, after gas-liquid separation, the annular gas passes through the secondary pressure reducing valve 12, and then through the gas component analyzer 13, CO2 concentration meter 14, and H2S concentration meter 15. The gas component analyzer 13 measures at least five gas components: CH4, C2H6, CO2, H2S, and N2, for preliminary gas component analysis. The CO2 concentration meter 14 and H2S concentration meter 15 focus on detecting CO2 and H2S concentrations, respectively, serving as an early warning system. The detected annular gas is discharged through the exhaust gas line 23.

[0076] (8) The liquid level in the liquid detection chamber, the pH value of the annular liquid, and the gas pressure value in the liquid detection chamber are collected by the level gauge 18, pH value tester 19, and pressure gauge 20, respectively. Accordingly, after the annular fluid is separated into gas and liquid, the annular liquid is directly detected. The liquid volume and liquid pH value are detected by the level gauge 18, pH value tester 19, and pressure gauge 20, respectively, to understand whether the annular protective fluid is contaminated.

[0077] (9) When the gas pressure value collected by the pressure gauge 20 is greater than 0 MPa, the first check valve 16 is opened, and the gas passing through the liquid detection chamber is discharged through the exhaust line 25 and the gas discharge line 23. Correspondingly, when the pressure gauge 20 detects that the pressure in the liquid detection chamber 31 is greater than 0 MPa, it is determined that the gas and liquid in the annular fluid are not completely separated. The first check valve 16 is opened electrically, and the gas in the annular liquid phase path is discharged through the exhaust line 25 and the gas discharge line 23. After the gas is discharged, the first check valve 16 is closed electrically, and the second check valve 17 is opened manually, and the annular liquid is discharged through the liquid discharge line 24.

[0078] (10) When the gas pressure value collected by the pressure gauge 20 is equal to 0 MPa, the second check valve 17 is opened, and the annular liquid is discharged through the liquid discharge line 24. Correspondingly, when the pressure in the liquid detection chamber is detected to be equal to 0 MPa, the first check valve 16 is confirmed to be in the closed state, and the second check valve 17 is manually opened, and the annular liquid is discharged through the liquid discharge line 24. It should be noted that the above description uses the first check valve 16 as an electric check valve and the second check valve 17 as a manual check valve as an example, and this application embodiment does not limit this.

[0079] Optionally, after completing the above steps or while performing the above steps, the data collected by each device in the ground monitoring device with annular pressure in the gas storage is sent to the data acquisition and processing module for further data analysis, thereby guiding the monitoring and operation of the gas storage injection and production wells. This will not be elaborated further here.

[0080] The overall process of the ground monitoring method for pressurized annulus in a gas storage facility is briefly summarized. Accordingly, when the ground monitoring device based on pressurized annulus is in operation, the pressure and temperature values ​​of each annulus are monitored in real time. When the annulus pressure value exceeds the rated pressure value, the solenoid valve 6 is opened by the programmable logic controller to release pressure and measure the flow rate of natural gas (mixed gas). Then, after gas-liquid separation, the gas components, CO2, H2S concentration, etc. are detected, and the liquid level and pH value are detected. Finally, the detection data are analyzed manually to determine whether there is leakage or micro-seepage in the oil casing string.

[0081] This application provides a surface monitoring method for annular pressure in gas storage wells, which has at least the following technical advantages: The method enables accurate monitoring of pressure, temperature, flow rate, gas composition, and liquid composition, allowing for risk assessment of annular pressure and evaluation of leakage levels in gas storage wells. It is simple and easy to operate, improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of data acquisition and analysis. The method effectively reduces the cost of preliminary annular pressure analysis, offering advantages such as simplicity, intuitiveness, efficiency, and economy. It provides technical support for the integrity management, well workover, and safe production of gas storage wells, contributing to their stable operation. This method can be widely applied to other natural gas wells, such as shale gas wells and tight gas wells, demonstrating versatility and universality.

[0082] The above are merely optional embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A ground monitoring device for pressurized annulus in a gas storage facility, characterized in that, The device includes: a wellhead connection module and a skid-mounted module. The wellhead connection module is configured on the side of the gas storage well, and the skid-mounted module is integrated into a mobile vehicle. The wellhead connection module and the skid-mounted module are used together. The wellhead connection module includes a first branch pipeline, a second branch pipeline, and a third branch pipeline for connecting the wellside acquisition tree of the gas storage well. The wellhead connection module also includes a pressure relief pipeline for connecting the skid-mounted module. The first branch pipeline, the second branch pipeline, and the third branch pipeline are all connected to the pressure relief pipeline. The first branch pipeline is equipped with a first gate valve (1), the second branch pipeline is equipped with a second gate valve (2), the third branch pipeline is equipped with a third gate valve (3), and the pressure relief pipeline is equipped with a pressure sensor (4), a temperature sensor (5), a solenoid valve (6), a check valve (7), an intelligent vortex flow meter (8), a high-pressure shut-off valve (9), and a first-stage pressure reducing valve (10) in sequence from the gas storage well side to the mobile vehicle side. The skid-mounted module includes a condensate valve (11) for separating annular gas and annular liquid in the annular fluid. The skid-mounted module also includes a first pipeline branch for discharging the annular gas and a second pipeline branch for discharging the annular liquid. The condensate valve (11) can be connected to the pressure relief pipeline. The first pipeline branch includes a gas phase pipeline (21) and a gas discharge pipeline (23) connected sequentially from the side of the condensate valve (11). The second pipeline branch includes a liquid phase pipeline (22), a liquid detection chamber, and a liquid discharge pipeline (24) connected sequentially from the side of the condensate valve (11). The gas phase pipeline (21) and the liquid phase pipeline (22) are connected after the condensate valve (11). The gas phase pipeline (21) is provided with a two-stage pressure reducing valve (12), a gas component analyzer (13), a CO2 concentration tester (14) and an H2S concentration tester (15) in sequence starting from the liquid condenser valve (11). The liquid detection chamber is provided with a liquid level gauge (18), a pH value tester (19) and a pressure gauge (20). The liquid discharge pipeline (24) is provided with a second check valve (17). The skid-mounted module also includes a third pipeline branch for discharging gas from the liquid detection chamber. The third pipeline branch includes an exhaust pipeline (25) and the exhaust gas pipeline (23) connected in sequence. One side of the exhaust pipeline (25) is connected to the liquid detection chamber, and the other side of the exhaust pipeline (25) is connected to the connection between the exhaust gas pipeline (23) and the gas phase pipeline (21). The exhaust pipeline (25) is equipped with a first check valve (16).

2. The ground monitoring device for pressurized annulus in a gas storage facility according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first gate valve (1), the second gate valve (2), and the third gate valve (3) are used to monitor different annulus spaces by combining open and closed states; When monitoring the first annulus corresponding to the first gate valve (1), the first gate valve (1) is in the open state, and the second gate valve (2) and the third gate valve (3) are both in the closed state; When monitoring the second annulus corresponding to the second gate valve (2), the second gate valve (2) is in the open state, and the first gate valve (1) and the third gate valve (3) are both in the closed state; When monitoring the first annulus corresponding to the third gate valve (3), the third gate valve (3) is in the open state, and the first gate valve (1) and the second gate valve (2) are both in the closed state.

3. The ground monitoring device for pressurized annulus in a gas storage facility according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solenoid valve (6) is used to adjust to release pressure when the annular pressure value collected by the pressure sensor (4) is greater than the rated pressure value. The solenoid valve (6), the check valve (7), the high pressure shut-off valve (9) and the first-stage pressure reducing valve (10) are all in the open state during the pressure release process.

4. The ground monitoring device for pressurized annulus in a gas storage facility according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-pressure shut-off valve (9) is used to close when the annular pressure value collected by the pressure sensor (4) is greater than the pressure threshold, which is greater than the rated pressure value.

5. The ground monitoring device for pressurized annulus in a gas storage facility according to claim 1, characterized in that, The exhaust gas line (23) is used to exhaust the gas passing through the gas phase line (21). The exhaust gas line (23) is also used to exhaust the gas passing through the exhaust line (25). The exhaust liquid line (24) is used to exhaust the liquid passing through the liquid phase line (22) and the liquid detection chamber.

6. The ground monitoring device for pressurized annulus in a gas storage facility according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first check valve (16) is used to open when the pressure value collected by the pressure gauge (20) is greater than 0. The first check valve (16) is also used to close when the pressure value collected by the pressure gauge (20) is equal to 0. The second check valve (17) is in the closed state by default. The second check valve (17) is used to open when the pressure value collected by the pressure gauge (20) is equal to 0.

7. The ground monitoring device for pressurized annulus in a gas storage facility according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wellhead connection module also includes an alarm, which is connected to the pressure sensor (4). The alarm is used to sound an alarm when the annular pressure value collected by the pressure sensor (4) is greater than the pressure threshold.

8. A ground-based monitoring method for pressurized annulus in a gas storage facility, characterized in that, The method, applied to the ground monitoring device for pressurized annulus in a gas storage facility as described in claims 1-7, comprises: Open any one of the first gate valve (1), the second gate valve (2), and the third gate valve (3), and close the other two gate valves; The annular pressure and temperature are collected by pressure sensor (4) and temperature sensor (5), respectively. If the annular pressure value collected by the pressure sensor (4) is greater than the rated pressure value, adjust the solenoid valve (6) to release the annular fluid. The flow rate of natural gas in the annular fluid is collected by an intelligent vortex flow meter (8), the annular fluid is depressurized by a first-stage pressure reducing valve (10), and the annular gas and annular liquid in the annular fluid are separated by a liquid-repellent valve (11). The ambient air gas is depressurized by a two-stage pressure reducing valve (12), and the ambient air gas is detected by a gas component analyzer (13), a CO2 concentration tester (14), and an H2S concentration tester (15). The ambient air gas is discharged through the exhaust gas pipeline (23). The liquid level in the liquid detection chamber, the pH value of the annular liquid, and the gas pressure value in the liquid detection chamber are collected by a liquid level meter (18), a pH value tester (19), and a pressure gauge (20), respectively. When the gas pressure value collected by the pressure gauge (20) is equal to 0, the second check valve (17) is opened, and the annular liquid is discharged through the liquid discharge line (24).

9. The ground monitoring method for pressurized annulus in a gas storage facility according to claim 8, characterized in that, The method further includes: If the annular pressure value collected by the pressure sensor (4) is greater than the pressure threshold, the high-pressure shut-off valve (9) is closed.

10. The ground monitoring method for pressurized annulus in a gas storage facility according to claim 8, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the gas pressure value collected by the pressure gauge (20) is greater than 0, the first check valve (16) is opened, and the gas passing through the liquid detection chamber is discharged through the exhaust line (25) and the exhaust gas line (23).

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