Indoor planting method of selenium-rich gastrodia tuber
By adding selenium-enriched corydalis leaf powder and improving the planting process in the Gastrodia elata planting frame, the problem of insufficient selenium content and yield in Gastrodia elata was solved, and a significant increase in selenium content and yield in Gastrodia elata was achieved.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ACAD OF AGRI SCI ENSHI TUJIA MIAOAUTONOMOUS PREFECTURE
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-19
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies are insufficient to effectively increase the selenium content and yield of Gastrodia elata, resulting in insufficient economic benefits from its cultivation.
By adding selenium-enriched corydalis leaf powder to the planting frame, the cultivation process of Gastrodia elata is improved. In particular, the seeds are placed in the upper 1/4 to 1/3 of the substrate, and a water collection trough is used to prevent too much or too little water, thus ensuring a suitable humidity environment.
It significantly increased the selenium content and yield of Gastrodia elata, with the highest selenium content reaching 0.48 mg/kg and the highest yield increase reaching 45.77%, thus solving the problem of insufficient selenium content and yield in Gastrodia elata cultivation.
Smart Images
Figure CN122228895A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of indoor Gastrodia elata cultivation technology, and particularly to a method for indoor cultivation of selenium-enriched Gastrodia elata. Background Technology
[0002] Gastrodia elata Blume, an orchid species, is an herbaceous plant mainly distributed in Hubei, Yunnan, Shaanxi, and Tibet in my country. It often grows under sparse forests, at forest edges or shrub edges, and requires symbiosis with Armillaria mellea and Mycena purpureofusca to grow normally.
[0003] The tuberous stem of *Gastrodia elata*, an orchid (the Chinese medicinal herb "Tianma"), is one of my country's most prized medicinal materials. It is rich in gastrodin, gastrogenin, vitamin A, various amino acids, and trace amounts of alkaloids. It can relieve wind-heat and stop spasms, calm liver yang, dispel wind and unblock meridians, and is mainly used to treat epilepsy, convulsions, dizziness, headaches, and other ailments. It is also believed to delay aging and improve brain function. The main cultivated varieties of *Gastrodia elata* include red *Gastrodia elata*, black *Gastrodia elata*, green *Gastrodia elata*, and hybrid varieties.
[0004] In 2004, Gastrodia elata was listed as a Vulnerable (VU) species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). In the 2013 edition of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), Gastrodia elata was listed as a Level II species, regulating its international trade. In the 2021 National Key Protected Wild Plants List, Gastrodia elata was listed as a Class II National Key Protected Wild Plant. In November 2023, Gastrodia elata was officially approved for inclusion in the list of medicinal and edible plants, affirming its nutritional value.
[0005] Selenium (Se) is one of the essential trace mineral elements for the human body. Selenium deficiency is a major cause of Keshan disease and Kashin-Beck disease. The functions and benefits of selenium typically include improving weakened immunity, preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, improving liver and kidney function, preventing Keshan disease, and preventing tumors.
[0006] Current research indicates that Armillaria mellea has the potential to enrich selenium. Therefore, utilizing Armillaria mellea to enrich selenium and provide a selenium source for Gastrodia elata, converting inorganic selenium into organic selenium and enriching it in the medicinal herb Gastrodia elata, is a feasible method for cultivating selenium-enriched Gastrodia elata. Summary of the Invention
[0007] This invention provides a method for indoor cultivation of selenium-enriched Gastrodia elata. By improving the cultivation process and adding selenium-enriched Corydalis yanhusuo powder, the resulting selenium-enriched Gastrodia elata has a selenium content as high as 0.48 mg / kg (dry sample). This is achieved through the following specific techniques.
[0008] This invention provides a method for indoor cultivation of selenium-enriched Gastrodia elata, comprising the following steps:
[0009] Lay breathable weed-proof cloth and covering material at the bottom of the planting frame, lay a number of first fungal substrates, lay the covering material on top of the first fungal substrates and tamp it down to form a covering layer;
[0010] Place the mushroom sticks with the breathable weed-proof cloth removed horizontally above the first fungal substrate, with the inoculation port of the mushroom stick facing downwards and touching the first fungal substrate;
[0011] The second fungal material is laid around the mushroom stick, and selenium-enriched corydalis leaf powder is evenly sprinkled on it. The first fungal material and the mushroom stick are covered with the covering material and tamped down until 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the mushroom stick is exposed.
[0012] Plant several hemp seeds around the exposed mushroom sticks, cover them with the covering material, sprinkle water, and cultivate them.
[0013] Furthermore, based on the mass of each mushroom stick, the selenium concentration in the selenium-enriched Corydalis yanhusuo powder is 2.03-32.49 mg / kg.
[0014] Alternatively, you can directly purchase commercially available products with selenium concentrations that meet the requirements for selenium-enriched corydalis leaf powder.
[0015] Furthermore, the first fungal substrate has a diameter of 5-6 cm and a length of 8-10 cm; the second fungal substrate has a diameter of no more than 5 cm and a length of 5-8 cm.
[0016] Furthermore, the method of laying the second fungal material around the mushroom stick is as follows: lay the second fungal material with a diameter of 3-5 cm around the mushroom stick, and after laying it, lay the second fungal material with a diameter of no more than 3 cm on the mushroom stick and the second fungal material.
[0017] Furthermore, the method for planting several hemp seeds around the exposed mushroom stick is as follows: plant 3-4 hemp seeds at each end of the mushroom stick, place 5-8 hemp seeds on each side of the mushroom stick; lay the covering material on the hemp seeds and on top of the hemp seeds, and sow 3-5 hemp seeds directly above the mushroom stick.
[0018] Furthermore, the long axis of the hemp seed is perpendicular to the surface of the mushroom stick, and the navel of the hemp seed is in close contact with the mushroom stick.
[0019] Furthermore, the top of the mushroom stick is 8-10 cm away from the final soil surface.
[0020] Furthermore, the bottom of the planting frame protrudes upward to form a boss, and water collection grooves are provided on both sides of the boss. Drainage holes are provided on the side wall of the boss above the water collection grooves. The boss is used to lay breathable weed control fabric and covering material.
[0021] Furthermore, after watering, continue to cover with commercial substrate products, soil, silt, or plant-based waste to a thickness of 8-10 cm.
[0022] The function of the water collection trough is to drain water. Gastrodia elata prefers a moist environment but is also susceptible to waterlogging. The water collection trough stores some of the excess water, which helps keep the mulch, substrate, and substrate moist, providing the necessary moisture and nutrients for mycelial growth. Without the water collection trough, two situations will occur: First, the water will not last long after watering, causing the mulch, substrate, and substrate to dry out, resulting in weak or dead mycelial growth, and Gastrodia elata will not be able to obtain the nutrients it needs for growth. Second, if the water cannot be drained after watering, it will lead to anaerobic fermentation and rotting of the substrate, preventing mycelial growth from obtaining nutrients, and Gastrodia elata will not be able to obtain the necessary nutrients for growth. Both of these results may lead to reduced yield or even crop failure of frame-grown Gastrodia elata.
[0023] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:
[0024] 1. The cultivation method of selenium-enriched Gastrodia elata provided by the present invention improves the cultivation process of Gastrodia elata, especially by placing the seed tubers in the top 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the plant, resulting in a yield of 1983.25 g / tube, which is 29.39% higher than that of the bottom layer.
[0025] 2. The cultivation method of selenium-enriched Gastrodia elata provided by the present invention, by adding selenium-enriched corydalis leaves and broken rice stalks around selenium-free mushroom sticks and substrate, can achieve a maximum selenium content of 0.48 mg / kg (dry sample) in Gastrodia elata and a maximum yield of 2000.38 g / stick, which is 45.77% higher than that of the bottom layer. Attached Figure Description
[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the planting frame after it has been laid out according to the selenium-enriched Gastrodia elata planting method provided by the present invention.
[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the hemp seed arrangement around each mushroom stick in Example 1.
[0028] Figure 3 This is a photograph of the arrangement of hemp seeds around each mushroom stick in Example 1. Detailed Implementation
[0029] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0030] In some embodiments of the present invention, the method for cultivating selenium-enriched Gastrodia elata includes the following steps:
[0031] S1. Lay breathable weed-proof cloth and covering material at the bottom of the planting frame, lay a number of first fungal materials, lay the covering material on top of the first fungal materials and tamp it down to form a covering layer;
[0032] S2. Place the mushroom stick with the breathable weed-proof cloth removed horizontally above the first mushroom substrate, with the inoculation port of the mushroom stick facing downwards and touching the first mushroom substrate.
[0033] S3. Lay the second fungal material around the mushroom stick, evenly sprinkle a certain concentration of selenium-enriched corydalis leaf powder, fill the first fungal material and mushroom stick with the covering material and tamp it down until 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the mushroom stick is exposed.
[0034] S4. Plant several hemp seeds around the exposed mushroom sticks, cover them with the covering material, sprinkle water, and cultivate them.
[0035] Alternatively, the planting site can be indoors, underground, or in a greenhouse, with the optimal growth temperature not exceeding 28℃.
[0036] Optionally, planting frames for planting Gastrodia elata need to be constructed; water collection troughs and drainage holes should be set in the planting frames to prevent water from flowing into and accumulating in the planting area during rainy days.
[0037] Optionally, a 2-3 cm thick layer of breathable weed control fabric and covering material can be laid at the bottom of the planting frame.
[0038] Alternatively, after planting the hemp seeds, the covering material should be about 5 cm thick.
[0039] Optionally, the selenium concentration in the selenium-enriched corydalis leaf powder is 2.03-32.49 mg / kg, based on the mass of each mushroom stick (3.25 kg). The selenium-enriched corydalis leaf powder can be purchased directly from the market as long as the selenium concentration meets the requirements.
[0040] Furthermore, the first fungal substrate has a diameter of 5-6 cm and a length of 8-10 cm; the second fungal substrate has a diameter of no more than 5 cm and a length of 5-8 cm.
[0041] Furthermore, the method for laying the second fungal material around the mushroom stick is as follows: lay the second fungal material with a diameter of 3-5 cm around the mushroom stick, sprinkle selenium-enriched corydalis leaf powder evenly, and then lay the second fungal material with a diameter of no more than 3 cm on top.
[0042] Furthermore, the method for planting several hemp seeds around the exposed mushroom stick is as follows: plant 3-4 hemp seeds at each end of the mushroom stick, place 5-8 hemp seeds on each side of the mushroom stick; lay the covering material on the hemp seeds and on top of the hemp seeds, and sow 3-5 hemp seeds directly above the mushroom stick.
[0043] Typically, the total number of hemp seeds around each mushroom stick is approximately 20-25.
[0044] Furthermore, the long axis of the hemp seed is perpendicular to the surface of the mushroom stick, and the navel of the hemp seed is 0.5-1 cm away from the mushroom stick.
[0045] Furthermore, the top of the mushroom stick is 8-10 cm away from the final soil surface.
[0046] In the following specific implementation case, the area where Gastrodia elata is planted is Enshi City, Hubei Province, with indoor cultivation at an altitude of 500 m (underground garage, with a maximum temperature not exceeding 30℃).
[0047] Furthermore, the bottom of the planting frame protrudes upward to form a boss, and water collection grooves are provided on both sides of the boss. Drainage holes are provided on the side wall of the boss above the water collection grooves. The boss is used to lay breathable weed control fabric and covering material.
[0048] Furthermore, after watering, continue to cover with plant-based waste to a thickness of 8-10 cm.
[0049] Optionally, when the above-mentioned method for cultivating Gastrodia elata is used in this invention, the covering material selected is one or more of soil, seedling substrate, and sandy soil (sawdust and chaff soil).
[0050] Optionally, when the present invention adopts the above-mentioned selenium-enriched Gastrodia elata cultivation method, the selected plant-based waste is common plant-derived waste such as dead leaves, dead branches, dead bark, and straw.
[0051] In the following specific implementation cases, the mushroom sticks used were purchased from Hubei Shennong Honey Fungus Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
[0052] Example 1
[0053] In the cultivation method of selenium-enriched Gastrodia elata provided in this embodiment, commercially available seedling substrate is used as the covering material; fresh wood with a diameter of 5-6 cm and a length of 8-10 cm is used as the first fungal substrate; and fresh wood with a diameter not exceeding 5 cm and a length of 5-8 cm is used as the second fungal substrate. The second fungal substrate is further divided into two types: one with a diameter of 3-5 cm and the other with a diameter not exceeding 3 cm, for later use.
[0054] The specific steps are as follows.
[0055] 1. Lay a breathable weed-proof cloth at the bottom of the planting frame, and then lay a 2-3 cm layer of substrate on top of the breathable weed-proof cloth. Place a number of first fungal substrates on the substrate, and then lay seedling substrate around and on top of the first fungal substrates and tamp it down (to prevent the growth of miscellaneous bacteria). At the same time, make sure that the top of the first fungal substrates is exposed, which is conducive to the inoculation of Armillaria mellea and the formation of a covering layer.
[0056] 2. Place the mushroom sticks. The specific method is as follows: Place the mushroom sticks (with the breathable weed-proof cloth removed) horizontally above the first fungal substrate, with the inoculation port of the mushroom stick facing downwards towards the first fungal substrate. This is conducive to Armillaria mellea infecting the fungal substrate.
[0057] 3. Lay the second fungal substrate around the mushroom stick. Specifically, lay the second fungal substrate with a diameter of 3-5 cm around the mushroom stick, and then lay another second fungal substrate with a diameter of no more than 3 cm on top.
[0058] 4. Sprinkle with selenium-enriched additive. The specific method is as follows: After laying the second substrate, evenly sprinkle with a certain concentration (as shown in Table 1 below) of selenium-enriched additive (selenium-enriched corydalis leaf powder). Fill the first substrate and the substrate with seedling substrate and tamp it down until 1 / 4 of the substrate is exposed (based on the diameter of the substrate). Do not leave gaps between the first substrate to prevent the growth of miscellaneous bacteria.
[0059] 5. Plant several hemp seeds around the exposed mushroom logs, cover them with seedling substrate, water, and cultivate. Specifically, as follows: Figure 2 As shown, plant 3-4 hemp seeds at each end of the mushroom log, and place 5-8 hemp seeds on each side of the log. Spread seedling substrate on top of the hemp seeds, and sow 3-5 hemp seeds directly above the mushroom log. Generally, 20-25 hemp seeds are planted around each mushroom log.
[0060] 6. Continue to fill the seedbed with about 10 cm of seedling substrate around and above the hemp seeds, and sprinkle water; cover with withered leaves or straw, with a covering thickness of 10 cm.
[0061] 7. Finally, conduct routine field management. Regularly inspect the field (every 1-2 weeks), dig up the soil to check the growth of Armillaria mellea and Gastrodia elata; check the soil moisture and replenish or drain water as needed; check for pests, diseases, or ground squirrels damaging the mushroom sticks and substrate, and promptly treat termites and ground squirrels with pesticides if they are found.
[0062] Comparative Example 1
[0063] The cultivation method of selenium-enriched Gastrodia elata provided in this comparative example is basically the same as that in Example 1, except that:
[0064] 1. Lay a thin film at the bottom of the planting frame instead of breathable weed-proof cloth.
[0065] 2. Lay the second fungal substrate around the mushroom stick and sprinkle a certain concentration of selenium-free corydalis leaf powder. The specific method is as follows: Lay the second fungal substrate with a diameter of 3-5 cm around the mushroom stick, and then lay another second fungal substrate with a diameter of no more than 3-5 cm on top, and then evenly sprinkle a certain concentration of selenium-free corydalis leaf powder on top of it.
[0066] Fill the second mycelium and the substrate with the seedling substrate and tamp it down until 1 / 4 of the substrate (based on the diameter of the substrate) is exposed. Do not leave gaps between the first mycelium to prevent the growth of other microorganisms.
[0067] 4. Plant several hemp seeds around the exposed mushroom logs, using the same planting method as in Example 1. Cover the seeds with seedling substrate, water them, and then cultivate them.
[0068] Experimental Example 1: Determination of Selenium Content in Gastrodia elata Harvested Using the Methods of Examples and Comparative Examples
[0069] 1. Testing Method
[0070] The total selenium was tested according to the national standard method GB5009.93.
[0071] 2. Test Results
[0072] Table 1. Results of selenium content determination in Gastrodia elata harvested using the methods of Example 1 and the comparative example.
[0073] As shown in Table 1 above, applying different concentrations of Corydalis yanhusuo powder significantly increased the final yield of Gastrodia elata and also greatly increased the selenium content.
[0074] The above detailed embodiments describe the implementation of the present invention; however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details described in the above embodiments. Within the scope of the claims and technical concept of the present invention, various simple modifications and changes can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for cultivating selenium-enriched Gastrodia elata, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Lay breathable weed-proof cloth and covering material at the bottom of the planting frame, lay a number of first fungal substrates, lay the covering material on top of the first fungal substrates and tamp it down to form a covering layer; Place the mushroom sticks with the breathable weed-proof cloth removed horizontally above the first fungal substrate, with the inoculation port of the mushroom stick facing downwards and touching the first fungal substrate; The second fungal material is laid around the mushroom stick, and selenium-enriched corydalis leaf powder is evenly sprinkled on it. The first fungal material and the mushroom stick are covered with the covering material and tamped down until 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the mushroom stick is exposed. Plant several hemp seeds around the exposed mushroom sticks, cover them with the covering material, sprinkle water, and cultivate them.
2. The method for cultivating selenium-enriched Gastrodia elata according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the mass of each mushroom stick, the selenium concentration in the selenium-enriched Corydalis leaf powder is 2.03-32.49 mg / kg.
3. The method for cultivating selenium-enriched Gastrodia elata according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first fungal substrate has a diameter of 5-6 cm and a length of 8-10 cm; the second fungal substrate has a diameter of no more than 5 cm and a length of 5-8 cm.
4. The method for cultivating selenium-enriched Gastrodia elata according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for laying the second fungal material around the mushroom stick is as follows: lay the second fungal material with a diameter of 3-5 cm around the mushroom stick, and after laying it, lay the second fungal material with a diameter of no more than 3 cm on top of the mushroom stick and the second fungal material.
5. The method for cultivating selenium-enriched Gastrodia elata according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for planting hemp seeds around the exposed mushroom stick is as follows: plant 3-4 hemp seeds at each end of the mushroom stick, and place 5-8 hemp seeds on each side of the mushroom stick; lay the covering material on the hemp seeds and on top of the hemp seeds, and sow 3-5 hemp seeds directly on top of the mushroom stick.
6. The method for cultivating selenium-enriched Gastrodia elata according to claim 1, characterized in that, The long axis of the hemp seed is perpendicular to the surface of the mushroom stick, and the navel of the hemp seed is in close contact with the mushroom stick.
7. The method for cultivating selenium-enriched Gastrodia elata according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the mushroom stick is 8-10 cm away from the final soil surface.
8. The method for cultivating selenium-enriched Gastrodia elata according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the planting frame protrudes upward to form a boss, and water collection grooves are provided on both sides of the boss. Drainage holes are provided on the side wall of the boss above the water collection grooves. The boss is used to lay breathable weed control fabric and covering material.
9. The method for cultivating selenium-enriched Gastrodia elata according to claim 1, characterized in that, After watering, continue to cover with commercial substrate products, soil, silt, or plant-based waste to a thickness of 8-10 cm.