Water treatment apparatus and membrane module
By constructing a local conductive network on the surface of a ceramic membrane and using carbon fiber mesh and titanium mesh to form an electrostatic field, the membrane fouling problem was solved, the membrane flux was increased, the membrane life was extended, and the maintenance cost was reduced.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- TIANJIN POLYTECHNIC UNIV
- Filing Date
- 2026-05-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-19
Smart Images
Figure CN122233552A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to water treatment technology, and more particularly to a water treatment device and membrane module. Background Technology
[0002] Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) combine membrane separation with biological treatment, offering advantages such as high-quality effluent, small footprint, and stable operation, and are widely used in water and wastewater treatment. Ceramic membranes, due to their high mechanical strength, good chemical stability, resistance to cleaning, and long service life, show promising application prospects in membrane separation devices. However, in actual operation, membrane fouling remains a significant factor affecting the long-term stable operation of membrane modules and the effectiveness of engineering applications, easily leading to decreased membrane flux, increased transmembrane pressure differential, shortened operating cycles, and increased maintenance costs.
[0003] Some studies suggest that applying an electric field to the membrane can effectively mitigate membrane fouling, but there is still no definitive conclusion on how to improve the corresponding water treatment devices. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This application provides a water treatment device and membrane module to alleviate membrane fouling, increase membrane flux, extend membrane life, and reduce device maintenance costs.
[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a water treatment device, comprising: an anoxic unit and an aerobic unit, the anoxic unit and the aerobic unit being connected in series via a first water pipe; the anoxic unit includes a first container and one or more agitators, the first container being closed, the shafts of the one or more agitators being connected to the top of the first container, and / or, the shafts of the one or more agitators being connected to the bottom of the first container; the aerobic unit includes a second container, one or more aeration pipes, an air pump, a membrane module, and a DC power supply; the second container is permeable, one or more aeration pipes are fixed to the bottom of the second container, the air pump is disposed outside the second container, and the exhaust pipe of the air pump penetrates the outer wall of the second container and is connected to the one or more aeration pipes; the membrane module includes a ceramic membrane, a first membrane shell, a second membrane shell, a carbon fiber mesh, and a titanium mesh, the first membrane shell and the second membrane shell being disposed at both ends of the ceramic membrane for fixing the ceramic membrane; the first membrane shell is provided with an outlet; the carbon fiber mesh is formed by uniformly winding carbon fiber filaments onto the ceramic membrane, the carbon fiber mesh being parallel to the ceramic membrane, and the projected area of the carbon fiber mesh on the ceramic membrane accounting for 40% to 90% of the area of the ceramic membrane, the carbon fiber mesh and the ceramic membrane being parallel to each other, the carbon fiber mesh being parallel to each other, the carbon fiber mesh being parallel to the ceramic membrane, the projected area of the carbon fiber mesh on the ceramic membrane accounting for 40% to 90% of the area of the ceramic membrane, the carbon fiber mesh being parallel to the ceramic membrane, and the carbon fiber mesh being parallel to the ceramic membrane. The distance between the titanium mesh and the ceramic membrane is the first distance; the titanium mesh is set parallel to the ceramic membrane, with the two ends of the titanium mesh fixed to the first membrane shell and the second membrane shell respectively, and the distance between the titanium mesh and the ceramic membrane is the second distance, the first distance being less than the second distance; the positive terminal of the DC power supply is connected to the titanium mesh, and the negative terminal of the DC power supply is connected to the carbon fiber mesh; one end of the first water pipe is inserted through the first position on the side of the first container, the distance between the first position and the top of the first container is the third distance, and the distance between the first position and the center line of the first container is the fourth distance, the third distance being less than the fourth distance; the other end of the first water pipe is inserted through the second position of the second container, the absolute height of the first position being higher than or equal to the second position; the water treatment device also includes a first pump and a second pump; when the water treatment device is running, the sewage enters the anoxic unit through the first pump, and is stirred in the first container of the anoxic unit by one or more agitators, so that the organic matter in the sewage reacts with the microorganisms in the anoxic unit; the supernatant of the first container flows by gravity through the first water pipe to the second container of the aerobic unit, and after the supernatant reacts with the microorganisms in the second container, it is pumped into the membrane module under the action of the second pump, and discharged through the outlet on the first membrane shell after being treated by the membrane module.
[0006] In some implementations, the pollutants in the wastewater treated by this water treatment device are negatively charged (e.g., dyeing and printing wastewater), and the wastewater has a Zeta potential (the potential difference at the sliding surface, which reflects the effective charge state between the particle and liquid interface). When the water treatment device provided in this application is in operation, an electrostatic field is formed on the surface of the ceramic membrane based on a titanium mesh and a carbon fiber mesh. Since the carbon fiber mesh is formed by uniformly winding carbon fiber filaments onto the ceramic membrane, the resulting cathode electric field can directly act on the pollutants near the membrane surface, thereby generating an electrodynamic disturbance effect on the pollutant deposition process, which is beneficial for mitigating membrane fouling and increasing membrane flux. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the projected area of the carbon fiber mesh on the ceramic membrane accounts for 40% to 90% of the ceramic membrane area. This setting allows for a more uniform distribution of the electric field on the ceramic membrane surface, which is beneficial for more uniform membrane fouling. It helps to avoid situations where some areas of the membrane surface are severely fouled and cannot be filtered, while other areas still have a high membrane flux, but the membrane is unusable due to severe fouling and requires complete membrane replacement. In other words, uneven membrane fouling affects membrane lifespan. This approach helps to further extend membrane lifespan and reduce device maintenance costs while mitigating membrane fouling.
[0007] Furthermore, the design of this application embodiment does not make the entire ceramic membrane conductive, but rather constructs a local conductive network on the membrane surface. This allows for simpler structural modifications based on existing ceramic membranes, while also enabling the electric field to be established close to the membrane surface, which is beneficial for the continuity of the electrostatic antifouling effect on the actual filtration area of the ceramic membrane surface.
[0008] Optionally, the water treatment device further includes: a dissolved oxygen meter and / or a level controller; the dissolved oxygen meter is mounted on the wall of the second container, with only its probe submerged in the water of the second container; the level controller is also mounted on the wall of the second container at a different location than the dissolved oxygen meter.
[0009] In this embodiment, a dissolved oxygen meter is installed in the second container. When the water treatment device is running, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the second container can be monitored by the dissolved oxygen meter. This is beneficial because if the dissolved oxygen concentration in the second container is too high or too low, the aeration rate can be controlled by an air pump. Since the second container is breathable, a liquid level controller is installed in the second container to control the water level in the second container. This helps to prevent the water level in the second container from overflowing due to excessively high water level or from failing to wet the membrane module due to excessively low water level.
[0010] Optionally, the water treatment device also includes a pressure sensor, which is located on the outlet pipe of the second pump.
[0011] In some implementations, a computer is also connected to the pressure sensor. The computer can display and record the pressure sensor values in real time to facilitate observation of the outlet water pressure and to determine the membrane fouling status based on the outlet water pressure.
[0012] Optionally, the carbon fiber mesh comprises multiple meshes of the same size. This results in a more uniform electric field on the ceramic membrane surface, a more even distribution of contaminants on the membrane surface, and ultimately, a longer membrane lifespan.
[0013] Optionally, the projected area of the carbon fiber mesh on the ceramic membrane accounts for 40% of the ceramic membrane area. This helps to minimize the impact of the carbon fiber mesh on the membrane flux while ensuring a uniform electric field on the ceramic membrane surface.
[0014] Optionally, the carbon fiber mesh is bonded to the ceramic membrane. This allows the electric field to act directly on the surface of the ceramic membrane.
[0015] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a membrane assembly, which includes: a ceramic membrane, a first membrane shell, a second membrane shell, a carbon fiber mesh, and a titanium mesh;
[0016] The first membrane shell and the second membrane shell are disposed at both ends of the ceramic membrane for fixing the ceramic membrane; the first membrane shell is provided with an outlet; the carbon fiber mesh is formed by uniformly winding carbon fiber filaments on the ceramic membrane, the carbon fiber mesh is parallel to the ceramic membrane, the projected area of the carbon fiber mesh on the ceramic membrane accounts for 40% to 90% of the area of the ceramic membrane, and the distance between the carbon fiber mesh and the ceramic membrane is the first distance; the titanium mesh is disposed parallel to the ceramic membrane, and the two ends of the titanium mesh are respectively fixed to the first membrane shell and the second membrane shell, and the distance between the titanium mesh and the ceramic membrane is the second distance, the first distance is less than the second distance.
[0017] Optionally, the carbon fiber mesh comprises multiple meshes of the same size.
[0018] Optionally, the projected area of the carbon fiber mesh on the ceramic membrane accounts for 40% of the area of the ceramic membrane.
[0019] Optionally, the membrane module is connected to a DC power supply, with the positive terminal of the DC power supply connected to a titanium mesh and the negative terminal connected to a carbon fiber mesh.
[0020] The membrane module provided in this application embodiment can be used in the above-mentioned water treatment device. When the membrane module is used in the water treatment device, its beneficial effects are similar to those described in the first aspect, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description
[0021] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.
[0022] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of a water treatment device provided in an embodiment of this application;
[0023] Figure 2 Electric field distribution diagrams on the surface of ceramic membranes with different proportions of carbon fiber mesh provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0024] Figure 3 The diagram shows the change in electric field mode of the actual filtration area of the ceramic membrane surface when the ceramic membrane surface is covered with different proportions of carbon fiber mesh, which is provided as a real-time example of this application.
[0025] The accompanying drawings illustrate specific embodiments of this application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of this application to those skilled in the art through reference to particular embodiments. Detailed Implementation
[0026] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.
[0027] Figure 1 An exemplary embodiment of the water treatment apparatus 100 provided in this application is shown. Figure 1 The components marked with labels in the dashed boxes are optional components. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the water treatment device 100 includes an anoxic unit 101 and an aerobic unit 102, which are connected in series via a first water pipe 103.
[0028] The anoxic unit 101 includes a first container 104 and one or more stirrers. Figure 1 An exemplary example is shown of a stirrer 105, wherein a first container 104 is closed, and the shaft of the stirrer 105 is connected to the top of the first container 104, and / or the shaft of the stirrer 105 is connected to the bottom of the first container 104.
[0029] The aerobic unit 102 includes a second container 106, one or more aeration pipes 107, an air pump 108, a membrane module 109, and a DC power supply 110. The second container 106 is breathable, and one or more aeration pipes 107 are fixed to the bottom of the second container 106. The air pump 108 is located outside the second container 106, and its exhaust pipe penetrates the outer wall of the second container 106 and is connected to one or more aeration pipes 107. The membrane module 109 includes a ceramic membrane 111, a first membrane shell 112, a second membrane shell 113, a carbon fiber mesh 114, and a titanium mesh 115. The first membrane shell 112 and the second membrane shell 113 are located at both ends of the ceramic membrane 111 for fixing the ceramic membrane 111. The first membrane shell 112 is provided with... There is an outlet 116; the carbon fiber mesh 114 is formed by uniformly winding carbon fiber filaments on the ceramic membrane 111, the carbon fiber mesh 114 is parallel to the ceramic membrane 111, the projected area of the carbon fiber mesh 114 on the ceramic membrane 111 accounts for 40% to 90% of the area of the ceramic membrane 111, and the distance between the carbon fiber mesh 114 and the ceramic membrane 111 is the first distance; the titanium mesh 115 is arranged parallel to the ceramic membrane 111, the two ends of the titanium mesh 115 are respectively fixed to the first membrane shell 112 and the second membrane shell 113, and the distance between the titanium mesh 115 and the ceramic membrane 111 is the second distance, the first distance is less than the second distance; the positive terminal of the DC power supply 110 is connected to the titanium mesh 115, and the negative terminal of the DC power supply 110 is connected to the carbon fiber mesh 114.
[0030] One end of the first water pipe 103 is inserted through a first position 117 on the side of the first container 104. The distance between the first position 117 and the top of the first container 104 is the third distance, and the distance between the first position 117 and the center line of the first container 104 is the fourth distance. The third distance is less than the fourth distance. The other end of the first water pipe 103 is inserted through a second position 118 in the second container 106. The absolute height of the first position 117 is higher than or equal to that of the second position 118.
[0031] The water treatment device 100 also includes a first pump 119 and a second pump 120. When the water treatment device 100 is running, the sewage enters the anoxic unit 101 through the first pump 119. In the first container 104 of the anoxic unit 101, the sewage is stirred by the stirrer 105, so that the organic matter in the sewage reacts with the microorganisms in the anoxic unit. The supernatant of the first container 104 flows by gravity through the first water pipe 103 to the second container 106 of the aerobic unit 102. After the supernatant reacts with the microorganisms in the second container 106, it is pumped into the membrane module 109 under the action of the second pump 120. After being treated by the membrane module 109, it is discharged through the outlet on the first membrane shell 112.
[0032] In some implementations, the pollutants in the wastewater treated by the water treatment device are negatively charged (e.g., dyeing and printing wastewater), and the wastewater has a Zeta potential (the potential difference at the sliding surface, which reflects the effective charge state between the particle and liquid interface). When the water treatment device 100 provided in this application embodiment is working, an electrostatic field is formed on the surface of the ceramic membrane based on the titanium mesh 115 and the carbon fiber mesh 114. Since the carbon fiber mesh 114 is formed by uniformly winding carbon fiber filaments on the ceramic membrane 111, the cathode electric field it forms can directly act on the pollutants near the membrane surface of the ceramic membrane 111, thereby generating an electrodynamic disturbance effect on the pollutant deposition process, which is beneficial to slow down membrane fouling and improve membrane flux. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the projected area of the carbon fiber mesh 114 on the ceramic membrane 111 accounts for 40% to 90% of the area of the ceramic membrane 111. This setting allows for a more uniform distribution of the electric field on the surface of the ceramic membrane 111, which is beneficial for more uniform membrane fouling. It helps to avoid situations where some areas of the membrane surface are severely fouled and cannot be filtered, while other areas still have a large membrane flux, but the membrane is unusable due to severe fouling and requires complete membrane replacement. In other words, uneven membrane fouling affects membrane lifespan. This helps to further extend membrane lifespan and reduce device maintenance costs while mitigating membrane fouling.
[0033] Furthermore, the design of this application embodiment does not make the entire ceramic membrane conductive, but rather constructs a local conductive network on the membrane surface. This allows for simpler structural modifications based on existing ceramic membranes, while also enabling the electric field to be established close to the membrane surface, which is beneficial for the continuity of the electrostatic antifouling effect on the actual filtration area of the ceramic membrane surface.
[0034] Optionally, in the embodiments of this application, the number of membrane modules can be one or more. Figure 1 The number of membrane components is merely exemplary and does not constitute a specific limitation on the embodiments of this application.
[0035] Optionally, the water treatment device 100 further includes: a dissolved oxygen meter 121 and / or a level controller 122; the dissolved oxygen meter 121 is disposed on the wall of the second container 106, and only the probe of the dissolved oxygen meter 121 is immersed in the water of the second container 106; the level controller 122 is also disposed on the wall of the second container 106 at a different location than the dissolved oxygen meter 121.
[0036] In this embodiment, a dissolved oxygen meter 121 is installed in the second container 106. When the water treatment device 100 is running, the dissolved oxygen meter 121 can monitor the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the second container 106. This is beneficial for controlling the aeration rate by the air pump 108 when the dissolved oxygen concentration in the second container 106 is too high or too low. Since the second container 106 is breathable, a liquid level controller 122 is installed in the second container 106 to control the water level in the second container 106. This helps to prevent the water level in the second container 106 from overflowing due to excessively high water level or from failing to wet the membrane module due to excessively low water level.
[0037] Optionally, the water treatment device 100 also includes a pressure sensor 123, which is installed on the outlet pipe 124 where the second pump 120 is located.
[0038] In some implementations, a computer 125 is also connected to the pressure sensor 123. In some implementations, the computer can display and record the pressure sensor values in real time to facilitate observation of the outlet water pressure and to determine the membrane fouling status through the outlet water pressure.
[0039] Optionally, the water treatment device 100 further includes a third pump 126 and a second water pipe 127. The second water pipe 126 connects the second container 107 and the first container 105, and the third pump 127 is installed on the second water pipe 126. When the water treatment device 100 is running, the solution in the second container 106 is pumped into the first container 104 by the action of the third pump 126, and the total nitrogen content in the water is reduced by the action of microorganisms in the first container 104.
[0040] Optionally, the carbon fiber mesh 114 comprises multiple meshes of the same size. This promotes a more uniform electric field on the ceramic membrane surface and a more even distribution of contaminants on the membrane surface, which helps extend the membrane's service life.
[0041] Optionally, the carbon fiber mesh 114 is bonded to the ceramic membrane 111. This allows the electric field to act directly on the surface of the ceramic membrane.
[0042] Optionally, the projected area of the carbon fiber mesh 114 on the ceramic membrane 111 accounts for 40% of the area of the ceramic membrane. This helps to minimize the impact of the carbon fiber mesh on the membrane flux while ensuring a uniform electric field on the ceramic membrane surface.
[0043] The specific illustrations of the membrane modules provided in this application can be found in the following figures. Figure 1 The membrane module 109 in this embodiment of the application also produces the same beneficial effects as described above. Figure 1 The membrane module 114 shown is similar and will not be described again.
[0044] Below, in conjunction with Figure 2This describes the impact of different proportions of the projected area of the carbon fiber mesh on the ceramic membrane to the total area of the ceramic membrane (hereinafter referred to as coverage).
[0045] In the design process of this application, electrostatic field simulations were performed to compare structures with coverage rates of 10%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 90%. Figure 2 The electric field mode distribution on the surface of the ceramic film under different coverage rates is shown. Figure 2 The mesh in the image is a carbon fiber mesh, and the rows / columns of this mesh can be referred to as carbon fiber filaments. It should be understood that the electric field modulus is the magnitude of the electric field strength, measured in volts per meter (V / m), and is used to represent the magnitude of the electric field strength. In this embodiment, the electric field on the surface of the ceramic membrane is a cathode electric field (or also called a negative electric field, hereinafter referred to as the electric field). The wastewater treated by the water treatment device (e.g., dyeing wastewater or other negatively charged wastewater) carries a negative charge; therefore, this cathode electric field has a disturbing effect on the pollutants in the wastewater.
[0046] Combination Figure 2 It can be seen that:
[0047] When the coverage is 10%, the electric field mainly works only near the carbon filaments, while much of the ceramic membrane surface actually filters the surrounding area (i.e., Figure 2 The electric field in the ceramic film region within the carbon fiber mesh shown is very weak, therefore the electrostatic antifouling effect on the membrane surface is discontinuous and insufficient.
[0048] When the coverage is 30%, the high electric field region has expanded along the middle of the grid, but it is still mainly concentrated at the carbon fiber filament boundaries, as well as the upper and lower edges of the carbon fiber mesh. Figure 2 The portion of the carbon fiber mesh near the first and second membrane shells.
[0049] When the coverage rate is 40%, the ceramic membrane surface has obtained a relatively continuous medium-intensity electric field coverage, indicating that the electrostatic control of the ceramic membrane surface has been basically established.
[0050] When the coverage rate is 50%–90%, the distribution pattern of the electric field mode on the ceramic membrane surface is similar to that when the coverage rate is 40%, and the average electric field intensity in the actual filtration area of the ceramic membrane surface does not continue to increase. It is evident that when the projected area of the carbon fiber mesh on the ceramic membrane accounts for 40%–90% of the ceramic membrane area, a relatively uniform distribution of the electric field mode on the ceramic membrane surface can be achieved.
[0051] Figure 3 The diagram shows the variation of the electric field mode in the actual filtration area of the ceramic membrane surface when the coverage is 10%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 90%. Based on Figure 3It can be seen that electric field distribution exists when the coverage is 10%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 90%, and all of them have a certain disturbance effect on membrane fouling.
[0052] Therefore, in this embodiment of the application, in order to avoid the carbon fiber mesh blocking the filter channels of the ceramic membrane and thus affecting the flux of the ceramic membrane, the proportion of the projected area of the carbon fiber mesh on the ceramic membrane to the area of the ceramic membrane (i.e., the coverage) can be set to 40%.
[0053] It should be understood that the 40% coverage rate described in the embodiments of this application is a preferred scheme obtained from experiments. Under the premise of ensuring uniform electric field coverage, any value between 40% and 90% of the coverage rate is within the protection scope of this application.
[0054] Other embodiments of this application will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this application that follow the general principles of this application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this application are indicated by the following claims.
[0055] It should be understood that this application is not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this application is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A water treatment device, characterized by, The water treatment device includes an anoxic unit and an aerobic unit, wherein the anoxic unit and the aerobic unit are connected in series via a first water pipe; The anoxic unit includes a first container and one or more stirrers, the first container being closed, and the shafts of the one or more stirrers being connected to the top of the first container, and / or the shafts of the one or more stirrers being connected to the bottom of the first container; The aerobic unit includes a second container, one or more aeration pipes, an air pump, a membrane module, and a DC power supply. The second container is breathable, and one or more aeration pipes are fixed to its bottom. The air pump is located outside the second container, and its exhaust pipe penetrates the outer wall of the second container and connects to the one or more aeration pipes. The membrane module includes a ceramic membrane, a first membrane shell, a second membrane shell, a carbon fiber mesh, and a titanium mesh. The first and second membrane shells are located at both ends of the ceramic membrane for fixing it. The first membrane shell has an outlet. The carbon fiber mesh is formed by uniformly winding carbon fiber filaments onto the ceramic membrane. The carbon fiber mesh is parallel to the ceramic membrane, and the projected area of the carbon fiber mesh on the ceramic membrane accounts for 40% to 90% of the area of the ceramic membrane. The distance between the carbon fiber mesh and the ceramic membrane is a first distance. The titanium mesh is parallel to the ceramic membrane, and its two ends are fixed to the first and second membrane shells, respectively. The distance between the titanium mesh and the ceramic membrane is a second distance, and the first distance is less than the second distance. The positive terminal of the DC power supply is connected to the titanium mesh, and the negative terminal of the DC power supply is connected to the carbon fiber mesh. One end of the first water pipe is inserted into a first position on the side of the first container. The distance between the first position and the top of the first container is a third distance, and the distance between the first position and the center line of the first container is a fourth distance. The third distance is less than the fourth distance. The other end of the first water pipe is inserted into a second position in the second container. The absolute height of the first position is higher than or equal to that of the second position. The water treatment device also includes a first pump and a second pump; When the water treatment device is in operation, wastewater enters the anoxic unit through the first pump. In the first container of the anoxic unit, it is stirred by one or more agitators, so that the organic matter in the wastewater reacts with the microorganisms in the anoxic unit. The supernatant in the first container flows by gravity through the first water pipe to the second container of the aerobic unit. After the supernatant reacts with the microorganisms in the second container, it is pumped into the membrane module by the second pump. After being treated by the membrane module, it is discharged through the outlet on the first membrane shell.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The carbon fiber mesh comprises multiple meshes of the same size.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein, The projected area of the carbon fiber mesh on the ceramic membrane accounts for 40% of the area of the ceramic membrane.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The carbon fiber mesh is bonded to the ceramic membrane.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The water treatment device also includes: a dissolved oxygen meter and / or a liquid level controller; The dissolved oxygen meter is mounted on the wall of the second container, and only the probe of the dissolved oxygen meter is submerged in the water of the second container; The liquid level controller is also located on the wall of the second container, at a different position than the dissolved oxygen meter.
6. The apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The water treatment device also includes a pressure sensor, which is installed on the outlet pipe where the second pump is located.
7. A membrane module, characterized in that, The membrane assembly includes: a ceramic membrane, a first membrane shell, a second membrane shell, a carbon fiber mesh, and a titanium mesh; The first membrane shell and the second membrane shell are disposed at both ends of the ceramic membrane for fixing the ceramic membrane; the first membrane shell is provided with a water outlet; the carbon fiber mesh is formed by uniformly winding carbon fiber filaments on the ceramic membrane, the carbon fiber mesh is parallel to the ceramic membrane, the projected area of the carbon fiber mesh on the ceramic membrane accounts for 40% to 90% of the area of the ceramic membrane, and the distance between the carbon fiber mesh and the ceramic membrane is a first distance; the titanium mesh is disposed parallel to the ceramic membrane, the two ends of the titanium mesh are respectively fixed to the first membrane shell and the second membrane shell, and the distance between the titanium mesh and the ceramic membrane is a second distance, the first distance being less than the second distance.
8. The membrane module according to claim 7, characterized in that, The carbon fiber mesh comprises multiple meshes of the same size.
9. The membrane module according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The projected area of the carbon fiber mesh on the ceramic membrane accounts for 40% of the area of the ceramic membrane.
10. The membrane module according to claim 7, characterized in that, The membrane assembly is connected to a DC power supply, with the positive terminal of the DC power supply connected to the titanium mesh and the negative terminal connected to the carbon fiber mesh.