Ecological optimization method based on coupling of vegetation group layout and habitat diversity

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of ecological restoration technology, specifically to an ecological optimization method based on the coupling of vegetation community layout and habitat diversity. The method includes the following steps: basic data collection; experimental condition design; habitat index monitoring; construction of a habitat diversity index; calculation results and optimization screening. By optimizing the diameter and longitudinal spacing of vegetation communities, the water flow structure is controlled, forming rivers with alternating deep pools and shallow beaches, and meandering near-natural waterways, thereby enhancing habitat diversity. Combining multi-dimensional habitat indicators such as water quality, flow field characteristics, vegetation cover, and substrate changes, a habitat diversity index is constructed to quantify the impact of different layouts on ecological benefits and to screen the optimal configuration scheme. This method achieves dynamic coupling between vegetation layout parameters and habitat diversity, providing a scientific and flexible ecological restoration design approach applicable to practical engineering projects aimed at improving water purification capacity, habitat diversity, and ecosystem stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological restoration technology, specifically to an ecological optimization method based on the coupling of vegetation community layout and habitat diversity. Background Technology

[0002] The destruction of rivers, wetlands, and other environmental features can have serious consequences for ecosystems and human society, primarily manifested in the following ways: 1. Ecosystem destruction: Rivers and wetlands provide suitable habitats, breeding grounds, and foraging grounds for numerous wild plants and animals. Wetland destruction directly leads to the loss or fragmentation of habitats for many species, resulting in reduced populations and even extinction. 2. Weakened climate regulation function: Wetlands possess significant water regulation and heat storage capabilities. Wetland water evaporates into water vapor, which then falls as precipitation to surrounding areas, maintaining local humidity and rainfall. After wetland destruction, their climate regulation capacity decreases, potentially leading to localized drier climates, reduced precipitation, and increased diurnal and annual temperature ranges. 3. Decreased hydrological regulation capacity: Wetlands act like natural sponges, storing large amounts of floodwater during flood season and slowly releasing it during dry season, thereby regulating river levels and mitigating the threat of floods to downstream areas. Damage to river channels and wetlands weakens their flood control capacity, potentially increasing flood peaks and flows, leading to more frequent and severe flood disasters and posing a serious threat to the safety of life and property in surrounding areas. 4. Soil erosion and land degradation: Vegetation around river channels and wetlands plays a role in soil stabilization and slope protection, preventing soil erosion. When this vegetation is damaged, the soil loses its protection and is easily eroded by water flow. Soil erosion not only leads to decreased soil fertility, affecting agricultural production, but also causes siltation in river channels and reservoirs, reducing the function and lifespan of water conservancy facilities. Therefore, a scientific and practical ecological restoration method is urgently needed to improve water quality parameters, stabilize riverbeds, and restore habitats. This case arises from this need. Summary of the Invention

[0003] One objective of this invention is to solve at least the above-mentioned problems through an ecological optimization method based on the coupling of vegetation community layout and habitat diversity.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] The ecological optimization method based on the coupling of vegetation community layout and habitat diversity includes the following steps:

[0006] Step a: Basic data collection;

[0007] Step b: Design test conditions, design multiple test conditions with different combinations of diameter and spacing, and compare them;

[0008] Step c, habitat indicator monitoring;

[0009] Step d: Construct a habitat diversity index;

[0010] Step e, Calculation Results and Optimization Screening: Optimize layout parameters based on HDI values ​​and apply them to river ecological restoration. Analyze the evaluation results and select the optimal layout.

[0011] Preferably, step a includes the following steps: collecting environmental factors, measuring basic data of the target area, and dividing the test area. The basic data includes flow velocity, water depth, substrate type, vegetation coverage, and water quality indicators.

[0012] Preferably, in step c, the habitat indicators include water quality, flow field, vegetation coverage, and substrate.

[0013] Preferably, step d includes the following steps: constructing a habitat diversity evaluation model and quantifying the ecological benefits of each working condition.

[0014] Preferably, the habitat diversity index (HDI) is calculated using the following formula:

[0015] HDI=w1·WQI+w2·VCI+w3·FI+w4·SI

[0016] Among them, WQI is the water quality index, VCI is the vegetation coverage index, FI is the flow field index, and SI is the sediment index.

[0017] The formula for calculating the Water Quality Index (WQI) is as follows:

[0018] WQI = wDO·DO * +wTN·TN * +wTP·TP *

[0019] Where wDO is the weight of dissolved oxygen, wTN is the weight of total nitrogen, wTP is the weight of total phosphorus, DO* is the index after standardized treatment of dissolved oxygen, TN* is the index after standardized treatment of total nitrogen, and TP* is the index after standardized treatment of total phosphorus.

[0020] The standardized calculation formula is as follows:

[0021] DO positive standardization: DO * = (D0 - DOmin) / (D0max - DOmin)

[0022] TN forward standardization: TN * =(TN-TNmin) / (TNmax-TNmin)

[0023] TP forward standardization: TP *=(TP-DOmin) / (TPmax-DOmin)

[0024] Among them, DOmin, TNmin, and DOmin represent the minimum values ​​measured in each group of working conditions, and D0max, TNmax, and TPmax represent the maximum values ​​measured in each group of working conditions.

[0025] The weights are assigned as follows: wDO = 0.5, wTN = 0.3, wTP = 0.2;

[0026] The formula for calculating the vegetation coverage index (VCI) is as follows:

[0027] VCI=(VC-VCmin) / (VCmax-VCmin)

[0028] Wherein, VCmin represents the minimum value measured in each group of working conditions, and VCmax represents the maximum value measured in each group of working conditions;

[0029] The formula for calculating the flow field index FI is as follows:

[0030] FI = (Umax - U) / (Umax - Umin)

[0031] Wherein, Umin represents the minimum value measured in each group of working conditions, and Umax represents the maximum value measured in each group of working conditions;

[0032] The method for calculating the sediment index (SI) is as follows:

[0033] The values ​​are assigned based on the type of substrate: sandy: SI = 0.2, silty: SI = 0.5, clay: SI = 1.0.

[0034] Preferably, in step b, an ecological restoration device is used for river ecological restoration, the ecological restoration device including a slope protection module, a floating island module and a submerged module.

[0035] Preferably, the slope protection module is nearly square, with positioning grooves in the middle of its four sides and positioning protrusions on both sides. The slope protection module is fixedly connected to the river slope by anchor rods. The slope protection modules in adjacent columns are staggered by half a side length. The positioning grooves on the left and right sides of the slope protection module are embedded with the positioning protrusions of two slope protection modules in adjacent columns that are staggered from it. The slope protection module has a planting cavity inside. The planting cavity is provided with porous ceramic permeable tubes, zeolite and gravel in sequence from bottom to top. The outer wall of the porous ceramic permeable tube is wrapped with a water-absorbing resin sleeve.

[0036] Preferably, the submersible module includes a submersible frame, which has multiple water passage chambers. The water inlet plate of the submersible frame has a water inlet hole, and the water outlet plate has a water outlet hole. A water-turning plate is provided between adjacent water passage chambers. The water-turning plate includes a water inlet turning plate and a water outlet turning plate. A water-turning channel is provided between the water inlet turning plate and the water outlet turning plate. A water passage gap is provided between the bottom and the bottom plate of the submersible frame.

[0037] Preferably, the floating island module includes a floating frame and ropes. The bottom of the floating frame is conical, with a float on the outside and a porous pipe in the center. The outer wall and top of the porous pipe are covered with geotextile, and the bottom is connected to a flexible hose. The end of the flexible hose is connected to the water outlet of the water outlet plate. The floating island module is connected to the submerged module by ropes.

[0038] As described above, the ecological optimization method based on the coupling of vegetation community layout and habitat diversity provided by this invention has the following beneficial effects: This patent proposes an ecological restoration method that couples vegetation community layout optimization with habitat diversity, applicable to the restoration of ecosystems such as rivers and wetlands. By optimizing the diameter and longitudinal spacing of vegetation communities, the water flow structure is regulated, forming rivers with alternating deep pools and shallow beaches and meandering near-natural waterways, thereby enhancing habitat diversity. Combining multi-dimensional habitat indicators such as water quality, flow field characteristics, vegetation coverage, and substrate changes, a habitat diversity index is constructed to quantify the impact of different layouts on ecological benefits and select the optimal configuration scheme. This method achieves dynamic coupling between vegetation layout parameters and habitat diversity, providing a scientific and flexible ecological restoration design approach, applicable to practical engineering projects that enhance water purification capacity, habitat diversity, and ecosystem stability. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the ecological restoration device.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of slope protection module 1.

[0041] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of the floating island module 2 and the submerged module 3. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The present invention will be further described below through specific embodiments.

[0043] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0044] The ecological optimization method of this invention based on the coupling of vegetation community layout and habitat diversity includes the following steps:

[0045] Step a: Basic data collection;

[0046] Step b: Design test conditions, design multiple test conditions with different combinations of diameter and spacing, and compare them;

[0047] Step c, habitat indicator monitoring;

[0048] Step d: Construct a habitat diversity index;

[0049] Step e, Calculation Results and Optimization Screening: Optimize layout parameters based on HDI values ​​and apply them to river ecological restoration. Analyze the evaluation results and select the optimal layout.

[0050] Step a includes the following steps: collecting environmental factors, measuring basic data of the target area, and dividing the test area. The basic data includes flow velocity, water depth, substrate type, vegetation coverage, and water quality indicators.

[0051] In step c, habitat indicators include water quality, flow field, vegetation cover, and substrate.

[0052] Step d includes the following steps: constructing a habitat diversity assessment model and quantifying the ecological benefits of each working condition.

[0053] The formula for calculating the Habitat Diversity Index (HDI) is as follows:

[0054] HDI=w1·WQI+w2·VCI+w3·FI+w4·SI

[0055] Among them, WQI is the water quality index, VCI is the vegetation coverage index, FI is the flow field index, and SI is the sediment index.

[0056] The formula for calculating the Water Quality Index (WQI) is as follows:

[0057] WQI = wDO·DO * +wTN·TN * +wTP·TP *

[0058] Where wDO is the weight of dissolved oxygen, wTN is the weight of total nitrogen, wTP is the weight of total phosphorus, DO* is the index after standardized treatment of dissolved oxygen, TN* is the index after standardized treatment of total nitrogen, and TP* is the index after standardized treatment of total phosphorus.

[0059] The standardized calculation formula is as follows:

[0060] DO positive standardization: DO * = (D0 - DOmin) / (D0max - DOmin)

[0061] TN forward standardization: TN *=(TN-TNmin) / (TNmax-TNmin)

[0062] TP forward standardization: TP * =(TP-DOmin) / (TPmax-DOmin)

[0063] Among them, DOmin, TNmin, and DOmin represent the minimum values ​​measured in each group of working conditions, and D0max, TNmax, and TPmax represent the maximum values ​​measured in each group of working conditions.

[0064] The weights are assigned as follows: wDO = 0.5, wTN = 0.3, wTP = 0.2;

[0065] The formula for calculating the Vegetation Coverage Index (VCI) is as follows:

[0066] VCI=(VC-VCmin) / (VCmax-VCmin)

[0067] Wherein, VCmin represents the minimum value measured in each group of working conditions, and VCmax represents the maximum value measured in each group of working conditions;

[0068] The formula for calculating the flow field index FI is as follows:

[0069] FI = (Umax - U) / (Umax - Umin)

[0070] Wherein, Umin represents the minimum value measured in each group of working conditions, and Umax represents the maximum value measured in each group of working conditions;

[0071] The method for calculating the sediment index (SI) is as follows:

[0072] The values ​​are assigned based on the type of substrate: sandy: SI = 0.2, silty: SI = 0.5, clay: SI = 1.0.

[0073] like Figure 1 In step b, an ecological restoration device is used for river ecological restoration. The ecological restoration device includes a slope protection module 1, a floating island module 2, and a submerged module 3. The vegetation diameter D refers to the diameter of the slope protection module 1 and the floating island module 2, and the longitudinal spacing L refers to the distance between the slope protection module 1 and the floating island module 2.

[0074] like Figure 2The slope protection module 1 is nearly square, with positioning grooves 11 in the middle of its four sides and positioning protrusions 12 on both sides. The slope protection module 1 is fixedly connected to the river slope by anchor bolts. The slope protection modules 1 in adjacent columns are staggered by half a side length. The positioning grooves 11 on the left and right sides of the slope protection module 1 are embedded with the positioning protrusions 12 of the two adjacent slope protection modules 1 arranged in a staggered manner. The slope protection module 1 has a planting cavity inside, which contains porous ceramic permeable tubes, zeolite, and gravel arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The outer wall of the porous ceramic permeable tubes is wrapped with a water-absorbing resin sleeve. The slope protection modules 1 are spliced ​​to form a nearly circular planting area. The water-absorbing resin sleeve is made of N-isopropylacrylamide copolymer resin. When the water level is high, the water-absorbing resin sleeve absorbs water and stores it in the porous ceramic permeable tubes. When the water level drops, the water-absorbing resin sleeve slowly releases the water in the porous ceramic permeable tubes into the soil and other filter media for plant growth, thus adapting to changes in water depth.

[0075] like Figure 3 The submersible module 3 includes a submersible frame 31, which contains multiple water passage chambers. The inlet plate of the submersible frame 31 has inlet holes, and the outlet plate has outlet holes. A water-turning plate is provided between adjacent water passage chambers. The water-turning plate includes an inlet turning plate 32 and an outlet turning plate 33, with a water-turning channel between them. A water passage gap is provided between the bottom of the submersible frame 31 and its base plate. Gravel, porous filter media, and activated carbon can be sequentially arranged in the water passage chambers from the inlet holes to the outlet holes. The water-turning plate inside the submersible module 3 allows water to be evenly distributed across the various filter media within the water passage chambers, appropriately slowing the water flow and allowing sufficient time for the water to fully contact the filter media, thus enhancing the filtration and purification process. The water-turning plate also prevents rapid water flow from directly impacting the filter media, allowing more time for pollutants in the water to be adsorbed and decomposed by the filter media.

[0076] The floating island module 2 includes a floating frame 21 and a rope 22. The bottom of the floating frame 21 is conical, and a floating body 23 is provided on the outside. A porous pipe 24 is provided in the center. The outer wall and top of the porous pipe 24 are covered with geotextile, and the bottom is connected to a flexible hose 25. The end of the flexible hose 25 is connected to the water outlet of the water outlet plate. The floating island module 2 is connected to the submerged module 3 through the rope 22. The floating frame 21 is made of bamboo strips and protects the floating plants inside. The hollow structure of the float 23 provides buoyancy for the floating island. The interior of the floating frame 21 is arranged from bottom to top with gravel for counterweight, porous filter material and straw-based breathable substrate layer. The top of the porous pipe 24 is located below the straw-based breathable substrate layer. Some organic matter and ammonia nitrogen compounds decomposed by the submerged module 3 are sent into the interior of the floating frame 21 by the water flow through the water outlet hole of the water outlet plate, the hose 25 and the porous pipe 24, thereby transferring the nutrients accumulated at the bottom of the riverbed to the interior of the floating island and continuously providing sufficient nutrients for the floating plants in the floating island module 2.

[0077] The following examples illustrate the ecological restoration method of the present invention, which couples vegetation community layout optimization with habitat diversity.

[0078] A representative small to medium-sized river channel with varying flow velocity, water depth, and sediment was selected to simulate common ecological restoration scenarios. The basic parameters were: river width 10m, channel length 100m, flow velocity U = 0.2-0.8m / s, and multiple flow velocity gradients were tested.

[0079] Step a: Basic data collection;

[0080] (1) Hydrological data

[0081] Flow rate U (m / s): Measured using ADV or PIV.

[0082] Water depth H (m): Measured using a depth sounder, and the average value is taken.

[0083] Substrate type: The particle size distribution (ratio of sand / silt / clay) was recorded using sediment particle size analysis.

[0084] (2) Ecological data

[0085] Vegetation Cover (VC,%): Calculates the vegetation cover ratio per unit area.

[0086]

[0087] Water quality indicators (DO, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc.):

[0088] Dissolved oxygen (DO, mg / L): Measured using a dissolved oxygen meter.

[0089] Total nitrogen (TN, mg / L): determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry.

[0090] Total phosphorus (TP, mg / L): determined by the molybdenum blue method.

[0091] Step b, design of test conditions;

[0092] Different plants were used in different flow velocity zones:

[0093] High flow velocity zone (U>0.5m / s): erosion-resistant reeds and calamus.

[0094] Low flow velocity zone (U < 0.5 m / s): High density of loosestrife and water onion.

[0095] Under different operating conditions, the diameter (D) and spacing (L) of the vegetation community were gradually changed, and their effects on water quality, habitat diversity, etc., were observed. The details are shown in the table below:

[0096] Operating condition number D L vegetation type 1 0.3 1.5 loosestrife + water onion 2 0.3 2.0 loosestrife + water onion 3 0.5 1.5 Sweet flag + reed 4 0.5 2.0 Sweet flag + reed 5 0.5 2.5 reeds + water onions 6 0.7 1.5 reed 7 0.7 2.5 reed

[0097] Step c, Habitat Indicator Monitoring: Habitat indicators include water quality, flow field, vegetation coverage, and substrate.

[0098] Step d: Construct the Habitat Diversity Index (HDI);

[0099] The formula for calculating the Habitat Diversity Index (HDI) is as follows:

[0100] HDI=w1·WQI+w2·VCI+w3·FI+w4·SI

[0101] Among them, WQI is the water quality index, VCI is the vegetation coverage index, FI is the flow field index, and SI is the sediment index;

[0102] (1) The formula for calculating the Water Quality Index (WQI) is as follows:

[0103] WQI = wDO·DO * +wTN·TN * +wTP·TP *

[0104] The standardized calculation formula is as follows:

[0105] DO positive standardization: DO * = (D0 - DOmin) / (D0max - DOmin)

[0106] TN forward standardization: TN * =(TN-TNmin) / (TNmax-TNmin)

[0107] TP forward standardization: TP * =(TP-DOmin) / (TPmax-DOmin)

[0108] DOmin, TNmin, and DOmin represent the minimum values ​​measured in each group of working conditions, while D0max, TNmax, and TPmax represent the maximum values ​​measured in each group of working conditions.

[0109] The weights are allocated as follows:

[0110] wDO = 0.5 (dissolved oxygen is the most important water quality index, so it has the highest weight), wTN = 0.3, wTP = 0.2.

[0111] (2) The formula for calculating the vegetation coverage index (VCI) is as follows:

[0112] VCI=(VC-VCmin) / (VCmax-VCmin)

[0113] VCmin represents the minimum value measured in each group of working conditions, and VCmax represents the maximum value measured in each group of working conditions.

[0114] (3) The formula for calculating the flow field index FI is as follows:

[0115] FI = (Umax - U) / (Umax - Umin)

[0116] Umin represents the minimum value measured in each group of working conditions, and Umax represents the maximum value measured in each group of working conditions.

[0117] (4) The calculation method of the bottom quality index (SI) is as follows:

[0118] Assign values ​​based on substrate type:

[0119] Sandy: SI = 0.2, silty: SI = 0.5, clayey: SI = 1.0.

[0120] Step e: Calculation results and optimized screening.

[0121] The calculated data is shown in the table below:

[0122]

[0123] The calculation results are analyzed as follows:

[0124] Operating condition number D L HDI value 1 0.3 1.5 0.37 2 0.3 2.0 0.16 3 0.5 1.5 0.88 4 0.5 2.0 0.61 5 0.5 2.5 0.65 6 0.7 1.5 0.48 7 0.7 2.5 0.28

[0125] Data analysis shows that the optimal solution is condition 3, where D = 0.5 and L = 1.5. Under this condition, the vegetation diameter is moderate, the coverage is high, the HD I is the highest, and the water quality improvement is optimal.

[0126] The above are merely some specific embodiments of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any non-substantial modifications made to the present invention using this concept shall be considered as infringing upon the protection scope of the present invention.

[0127] The above are merely some specific embodiments of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any non-substantial modifications made to the present invention using this concept shall be considered as infringing upon the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological optimization method based on the coupling of vegetation community layout and habitat diversity, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step a: Basic data collection; Step b: Design test conditions, design multiple test conditions with different combinations of diameter and spacing, and compare them; Step c, habitat indicator monitoring; Step d: Construct a habitat diversity index; Step e, Calculation Results and Optimization Screening: Optimize layout parameters based on HDI values ​​and apply them to river ecological restoration. Analyze the evaluation results and select the optimal layout.

2. The ecological optimization method based on the coupling of vegetation community layout and habitat diversity according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step a includes the following steps: collecting environmental factors, measuring basic data of the target area, and dividing the test area. The basic data includes flow velocity, water depth, substrate type, vegetation coverage, and water quality indicators.

3. The ecological optimization method based on the coupling of vegetation community layout and habitat diversity according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step c, habitat indicators include water quality, flow field, vegetation coverage, and substrate.

4. The ecological optimization method based on the coupling of vegetation community layout and habitat diversity according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step d includes the following steps: constructing a habitat diversity evaluation model and quantifying the ecological benefits of each working condition.

5. The ecological optimization method based on the coupling of vegetation community layout and habitat diversity according to claim 4, characterized in that: The formula for calculating the Habitat Diversity Index (HDI) is as follows: HDI=w1·WQI+w2·VCI+w3·FI+w4·SI Among them, WQI is the water quality index, VCI is the vegetation coverage index, FI is the flow field index, and SI is the sediment index.

6. The ecological optimization method based on the coupling of vegetation community layout and habitat diversity according to claim 5, characterized in that: The formula for calculating the Water Quality Index (WQI) is as follows: WQI=wDO·DO * +wTN·TN * +wTP·TP * Where wDO is the weight of dissolved oxygen, wTN is the weight of total nitrogen, wTP is the weight of total phosphorus, DO* is the index after standardized treatment of dissolved oxygen, TN* is the index after standardized treatment of total nitrogen, and TP* is the index after standardized treatment of total phosphorus. The standardized calculation formula is as follows: DO positive standardization: DO * = (D0 - DOmin) / (D0max - DOmin) TN forward standardization: TN * =(TN-TNmin) / (TNmax-TNmin) TP forward standardization: TP * =(TP-DOmin) / (TPmax-DOmin) Among them, DOmin, TNmin, and DOmin represent the minimum values ​​measured in each group of working conditions, and D0max, TNmax, and TPmax represent the maximum values ​​measured in each group of working conditions. The weights are assigned as follows: wDO = 0.5, wTN = 0.3, wTP = 0.2; The formula for calculating the vegetation coverage index (VCI) is as follows: VCI=(VC-VCmin) / (VCmax-VCmin) Wherein, VCmin represents the minimum value measured in each group of working conditions, and VCmax represents the maximum value measured in each group of working conditions; The formula for calculating the flow field index FI is as follows: FI = (Umax - U) / (Umax - Umin) Wherein, Umin represents the minimum value measured in each group of working conditions, and Umax represents the maximum value measured in each group of working conditions; The method for calculating the sediment index (SI) is as follows: The values ​​are assigned based on the type of substrate: sandy: SI = 0.2, silty: SI = 0.5, clay: SI = 1.

0.

7. The ecological optimization method based on the coupling of vegetation community layout and habitat diversity according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step b, an ecological restoration device is used for river ecological restoration, which includes a slope protection module, a floating island module, and a submerged module.

8. The ecological optimization method based on the coupling of vegetation community layout and habitat diversity according to claim 7, characterized in that: The slope protection module is nearly square, with positioning grooves in the middle of its four sides and positioning protrusions on both sides. The slope protection module is fixedly connected to the river slope by anchor rods. The slope protection modules in adjacent columns are staggered by half a side length. The positioning grooves on the left and right sides of the slope protection module are embedded with the positioning protrusions of two slope protection modules in adjacent columns that are staggered with it. The slope protection module has a planting cavity inside. The planting cavity is provided with porous ceramic permeable tubes, zeolite and gravel in sequence from bottom to top. The outer wall of the porous ceramic permeable tube is wrapped with a water-absorbing resin sleeve.

9. The ecological optimization method based on the coupling of vegetation community layout and habitat diversity according to claim 7, characterized in that: The submersible module includes a submersible frame with multiple water passage chambers inside. The water inlet plate of the submersible frame has a water inlet hole, and the water outlet plate has a water outlet hole. A water-turning plate is provided between adjacent water passage chambers. The water-turning plate includes an inlet turning plate and an outlet turning plate. A water-turning channel is provided between the inlet turning plate and the outlet turning plate. A water passage gap is provided between the bottom and the bottom plate of the submersible frame.

10. The ecological optimization method based on the coupling of vegetation community layout and habitat diversity according to claim 9, characterized in that: The floating island module includes a floating frame and ropes. The bottom of the floating frame is conical, with a float on the outside and a porous pipe in the center. The outer wall and top of the porous pipe are covered with geotextile, and the bottom is connected to a flexible hose. The end of the flexible hose is connected to the water outlet of the water outlet plate. The floating island module is connected to the submerged module by ropes.

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