Low-loss high temperature superconducting cable optimization method, apparatus, device, and medium
By optimizing the structure and pitch parameters of the toroidal superconducting cable, the problems of insufficient anti-interference capability and high loss in the existing technology have been solved, and a superconducting cable design with low loss and high stability has been achieved.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- YUNNAN POWER GRID CO LTD ELECTRIC POWER RES INST
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-19
Smart Images
Figure CN122242055A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of power facility technology, specifically to a method, apparatus, equipment, and medium for optimizing low-loss high-temperature superconducting cables. Background Technology
[0002] High-temperature superconducting tapes, with their superior properties such as high critical current density and low loss, have broad application prospects in fields such as power transmission, new energy power generation, and magnetic confinement nuclear fusion. Among them, toroidal superconducting cables, as an important application of high-temperature superconducting tapes, directly affect the energy utilization efficiency and long-term stable operation capability of superconducting systems due to their transmission loss and hysteresis loss.
[0003] In existing technologies, the structural design of toroidal superconducting cables largely relies on empirical values to determine key parameters, especially the pitch parameter, which lacks systematic theoretical support and optimization basis. Practical applications have revealed the following problems with traditional toroidal superconducting cables: the field angle dependence of the cable easily deteriorates with changes in external magnetic field strength, leading to insufficient anti-interference capability; simultaneously, transmission loss and magnetization loss are significant, restricting the energy efficiency improvement and large-scale application of superconducting systems. Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a targeted structural optimization method to reduce the hysteresis and transmission losses of superconducting tapes while improving their anti-interference capability. Summary of the Invention
[0004] Based on this, it is necessary to propose an optimization method, device, equipment and medium for low-loss high-temperature superconducting cables to address the above problems, aiming to solve the problems of insufficient anti-interference ability and high loss of superconducting tapes in the existing technology.
[0005] This application provides an optimization method for low-loss high-temperature superconducting cables, the method comprising: A structural model of a toroidal superconducting cable is established. The structural model includes an even number of coaxially arranged toroidal channels. Each channel contains multiple superconducting tapes, which are arranged in a vertical radial manner. Construct a winding strain physical constraint based on the structural model, and define the theoretical lower limit of pitch that does not degrade to the critical current based on the physical constraint. Based on the theoretical lower limit of the pitch, the hysteresis loss and transmission loss of the structural model under different pitches are calculated using the TA homogenization method, and a total loss evaluation function is established based on the hysteresis loss and transmission loss. The amplitude and inflection point magnetic field dependent on the field angle are extracted to establish an anti-interference performance index. Combined with the anti-interference performance index and the total loss evaluation function, a comprehensive objective optimization function is established, and the optimal pitch is obtained by solving the function. The solid toroidal superconducting cable structure is wound according to the optimal pitch control.
[0006] Furthermore, the construction of the winding strain physical constraints based on the structural model, and the definition of the theoretical lower limit of the pitch that does not degrade to the critical current based on the physical constraints, include: The thickness of the superconducting tape is extracted based on the spatial characteristics of its vertical radial arrangement. The winding radius of the corresponding annular channel ; The pitch of the strip winding is set as Establish the bending strain function of superconducting tape in three-dimensional helical winding state; Keeping the current-carrying area of the superconducting cable constant, the calculated value of the bending strain function is less than or equal to the critical degradation strain threshold. The theoretical lower limit of the pitch is determined.
[0007] Furthermore, the formula for the bending strain function is:
[0008] in, The thickness of the superconducting tape. This represents the winding radius of the corresponding annular channel. The pitch of the thread wound from the strip. This is the calculated value of the bending strain function.
[0009] Furthermore, the total loss evaluation function is:
[0010] in, For hysteresis loss, For transmission loss, and These are weighting coefficients determined based on a preset transmission current range and an external magnetic field strength range. Total loss, , The pitch of the thread wound from the strip. This is the theoretical lower limit of the pitch value.
[0011] Furthermore, the anti-interference performance index is:
[0012] in, for field angle dependence amplitude, The inflection point magnetic field, For anti-interference performance index, The strength of the external working magnetic field.
[0013] Furthermore, the step of establishing a comprehensive objective optimization function by combining the anti-interference performance index and the total loss evaluation function, and solving for the optimal pitch, includes: Establish a comprehensive objective optimization function ; The comprehensive objective function is solved by nonlinear programming. Find the minimum value to obtain the optimal pitch. ; in, , As the normalization factor, The loss reference value is used as a baseline for unoptimized cables. For anti-interference performance index, This represents the total loss.
[0014] Furthermore, the method also includes: The completed toroidal superconducting cable is subjected to performance tests, including critical current testing, transmission loss testing, and magnetization loss testing. If the test results do not meet the preset requirements, the optimal pitch is fine-tuned by ±5mm within the optimization range of p≥p_min until the test results meet the preset requirements.
[0015] This application also provides a low-loss high-temperature superconducting cable optimization device, the device comprising: The structural model building unit is used to build a structural model of a ring-shaped superconducting cable. The structural model includes an even number of coaxially arranged ring channels, and each channel contains multiple superconducting strips arranged in a vertical radial manner. The pitch lower limit determination unit is used to construct the winding strain physical constraint based on the structure model, and define the theoretical lower limit value of the pitch that does not degrade to the critical current according to the physical constraint. The loss function determination unit is used to calculate the hysteresis loss and transmission loss of the structural model under different pitches based on the theoretical lower limit of the pitch and using the TA homogenization method, and to establish a total loss evaluation function. The optimal pitch solving unit is used to extract the amplitude of the field angle dependence and the inflection point magnetic field to establish the anti-interference performance index. Combined with the anti-interference performance index and the total loss evaluation function, a comprehensive objective optimization function is established to solve for the optimal pitch. A solid cable winding unit is used to control and execute the winding of a solid toroidal superconducting cable structure according to the optimal pitch.
[0016] This application also provides a computer device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor causes the processor to perform the following steps: A structural model of a toroidal superconducting cable is established. The structural model includes an even number of coaxially arranged toroidal channels. Each channel contains multiple superconducting tapes, which are arranged in a vertical radial manner. Construct a winding strain physical constraint based on the structural model, and define the theoretical lower limit of pitch that does not degrade to the critical current based on the physical constraint. Based on the theoretical lower limit of the pitch, the hysteresis loss and transmission loss of the structural model under different pitches are calculated using the TA homogenization method, and a total loss evaluation function is established based on the hysteresis loss and transmission loss. The amplitude and inflection point magnetic field dependent on the field angle are extracted to establish an anti-interference performance index. Combined with the anti-interference performance index and the total loss evaluation function, a comprehensive objective optimization function is established, and the optimal pitch is obtained by solving the function. The solid toroidal superconducting cable structure is wound according to the optimal pitch control.
[0017] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform the following steps: A structural model of a toroidal superconducting cable is established. The structural model includes an even number of coaxially arranged toroidal channels. Each channel contains multiple superconducting tapes, which are arranged in a vertical radial manner. Construct a winding strain physical constraint based on the structural model, and define the theoretical lower limit of pitch that does not degrade to the critical current based on the physical constraint. Based on the theoretical lower limit of the pitch, the hysteresis loss and transmission loss of the structural model under different pitches are calculated using the TA homogenization method, and a total loss evaluation function is established based on the hysteresis loss and transmission loss. The amplitude and inflection point magnetic field dependent on the field angle are extracted to establish an anti-interference performance index. Combined with the anti-interference performance index and the total loss evaluation function, a comprehensive objective optimization function is established, and the optimal pitch is obtained by solving the function. The solid toroidal superconducting cable structure is wound according to the optimal pitch control.
[0018] The embodiments of this application have the following beneficial effects: By constructing a comprehensive objective optimization function that includes total loss and anti-interference performance index, and utilizing the positive correlation between loss and pitch, the optimal pitch is selected within a safe range, significantly reducing both transmission loss and magnetization loss of the toroidal superconducting cable. Furthermore, it breaks through the blindness of traditional empirical design by using the bending strain function under three-dimensional helical winding as a rigid physical constraint for the first time, accurately defining the theoretical lower limit of pitch and ensuring the safety of the optimization process. Attached Figure Description
[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0020] in: Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for optimizing low-loss high-temperature superconducting cables in one embodiment. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the pitch of a low-loss high-temperature superconducting cable in one embodiment; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a low-loss high-temperature superconducting cable optimization device in one embodiment; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device in one embodiment; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer-readable storage medium in one embodiment. Detailed Implementation
[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0022] This application provides an optimization method for low-loss high-temperature superconducting cables. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for optimizing a low-loss high-temperature superconducting cable in one embodiment; the method includes steps S1 to S5.
[0023] Step S1: Establish a structural model of a ring-shaped superconducting cable. The structural model includes an even number of coaxially arranged ring channels. Each channel contains multiple superconducting strips arranged in a vertical radial manner. Specifically, this application employs a ring-shaped superconducting cable structure, comprising multiple coaxially arranged annular channels, each channel containing multiple superconducting tapes. The superconducting tape materials used include, but are not limited to, REBCO and YBCO. To enhance the cable's critical current stability and reduce the field angle dependence of the critical current, the structure adopts a three-dimensional spatial structure combining a vertical radial arrangement with an even number of channels. The superconducting tapes are arranged in a stacked manner, and to meet industrial production standards, the width of the superconducting tapes is set to an integer multiple of millimeters.
[0024] Step S2: Construct the winding strain physical constraint based on the structural model, and define the theoretical lower limit of the pitch that does not degrade to the critical current based on the physical constraint. In some implementations, the construction of winding strain physical constraints based on the structural model, and the definition of a theoretical lower limit for pitch that does not degrade to the critical current based on the physical constraints, include: The thickness of the superconducting tape is extracted based on the spatial characteristics of its vertical radial arrangement. The winding radius of the corresponding annular channel ; In some embodiments, the bending strain function formula is:
[0025] in, The thickness of the superconducting tape. This represents the winding radius of the corresponding annular channel. For the pitch of the strip winding, please refer to Figure 2 , This is the calculated value of the bending strain function.
[0026] The pitch of the strip winding is set as Establish the bending strain function of superconducting tape in three-dimensional helical winding state; Since superconducting tapes experience irreversible decay of their critical current when subjected to excessive strain, this application introduces a critical degradation strain threshold for superconducting tapes. While keeping the current-carrying area of the superconducting cable constant, establish rigid physical constraints: By solving the inequalities, the theoretical lower limit of the pitch that does not degrade to the critical current can be defined.
[0027] Step S3: Based on the theoretical lower limit of the pitch, the hysteresis loss and transmission loss of the structural model under different pitches are calculated using the TA homogenization method, and a total loss evaluation function is established based on the hysteresis loss and transmission loss. In satisfying Within the pitch optimization range, the hysteresis loss and transmission loss of the toroidal superconducting cable structure model under different pitches are calculated using the TA homogenization method.
[0028] In some implementations, the TA method combines a current vector potential T on the superconducting tape to describe its internal surface current and a magnetic vector potential A in the global domain to describe the magnetic field, and constructs governing equations to achieve efficient calculation of AC losses in the superconducting tape.
[0029] In some implementations, the total loss assessment function is:
[0030] in, For hysteresis loss, For transmission loss, and These are weighting coefficients determined based on a preset transmission current range and an external magnetic field strength range. Total loss, , The pitch of the thread wound from the strip. This is the theoretical lower limit of the pitch value.
[0031] In some implementations, when the external magnetic field strength is high, such as greater than 0.1T, it is necessary to ensure that the field angle dependence amplitude is minimized and the inflection point magnetic field is maximized in order to improve the anti-interference capability.
[0032] Step S4: Extract the amplitude of the field angle dependence and the inflection point magnetic field to establish the anti-interference performance index. Combine the anti-interference performance index and the total loss evaluation function to establish a comprehensive objective optimization function and solve for the optimal pitch. In some implementations, the anti-interference performance index is:
[0033] in, for field angle dependence amplitude, The inflection point magnetic field, For anti-interference performance index, The strength of the external working magnetic field.
[0034] In some implementations, the step of combining the anti-interference performance index and the total loss evaluation function to establish a comprehensive objective optimization function and solving for the optimal pitch includes: Establish a comprehensive objective optimization function ; The comprehensive objective function is solved by nonlinear programming. Find the minimum value to obtain the optimal pitch. ; in, , As the normalization factor, The loss reference value is used as a baseline for unoptimized cables. For anti-interference performance index, This represents the total loss.
[0035] Step S5: Execute the winding of the solid toroidal superconducting cable structure according to the optimal pitch control. Specifically, following the steps described above, the optimal pitch is determined, and the superconducting tape is wound into a ring structure using precision winding equipment. During the winding process, the pitch deviation is ensured to be no more than ±2mm, and the tension of the superconducting tape is strictly controlled between 5N and 10N to avoid mechanical damage to the tape affecting its performance. Furthermore, the winding pitch of each superconducting tape is kept consistent, and the winding direction of multiple tapes is the same to avoid mutual interference of internal magnetic fields.
[0036] In some embodiments, the method further includes: The completed toroidal superconducting cable is subjected to performance tests, including critical current testing, transmission loss testing, and magnetization loss testing. If the test results do not meet the preset requirements, the optimal pitch is fine-tuned by ±5mm within the optimization range of p≥p_min until the test results meet the preset requirements.
[0037] In some implementations, the completed loop-shaped superconducting cable is subjected to performance testing using the four-lead method, including tests for critical current, transmission loss, and magnetization loss. If the test results meet the preset requirements, the optimal pitch is used as the standard for batch winding. If the preset requirements are not met, the pitch is fine-tuned by ±5mm within the optimization range of p≥p_min until the performance requirements are met. The pitch corresponding to meeting the performance requirements is then updated as the optimal pitch, and batch winding is performed.
[0038] The method of this application is verified by specific cases below. A transmission current of 10-60A is applied to a single superconducting tape, and the pitch is evaluated by the algorithm of this application for 60mm, 90mm, 120mm and 150mm respectively.
[0039] Both algorithmic and experimental results show that reducing the pitch within the allowable range of strain constraints reduces both hysteresis loss and transmission loss in high-temperature superconducting cables. Among these, the superconducting tape arrangement with an optimal pitch of 60mm shows the most significant improvement in hysteresis loss, transmission loss, and field angle stability. Furthermore, the study confirms that the critical current amplitude, magnetization loss, and transmission loss of toroidal superconducting cables are all positively correlated with the pitch; the field angle dependence initially increases and then decreases with increasing external magnetic field strength, and the smaller the pitch of the superconducting cable, the smaller the field angle dependence amplitude and the larger the inflection point magnetic field. This indicates that a smaller pitch can effectively suppress the influence of external magnetic fields and improve anti-interference capabilities.
[0040] The technical solution of this embodiment overcomes the problems of existing technologies where the pitch set solely by experience often leads to excessive bending strain on the superconducting tape during three-dimensional spiral winding, causing irreversible attenuation of the critical current, and the problem that the field angle dependence of the cable is prone to deterioration with changes in the external magnetic field strength, lacking quantitative optimization of field angle stability. This application significantly reduces both transmission loss and hysteresis loss of the toroidal superconducting cable by optimizing the pitch to a smaller pitch and leveraging the positive correlation between loss and pitch, thereby greatly improving the energy utilization efficiency of the superconducting system. Optimizing the pitch reduces the amplitude of field angle dependence and increases the inflection point magnetic field, effectively suppressing the influence of external magnetic fields and improving the cable's operational stability in complex electromagnetic environments. Introducing physical constraints related to winding strain ensures that the optimized pitch parameters are within a technologically feasible range, preventing irreversible degradation of the critical current due to excessive bending of the tape. Minimizing loss and maximizing anti-interference performance are incorporated into a unified optimization framework, and Pareto optimal solutions are obtained through nonlinear programming to achieve optimal overall performance. Furthermore, this application achieves performance improvement solely through pitch parameter optimization, without altering the material and overall design of the superconducting tape's toroidal structure. The process is simple, cost-effective, and easily scalable for mass production and widespread application.
Claims
1. A method for optimizing low-loss high-temperature superconducting cables, characterized in that, include: A structural model of a toroidal superconducting cable is established. The structural model includes an even number of coaxially arranged toroidal channels. Each channel contains multiple superconducting tapes, which are arranged in a vertical radial manner. Construct a winding strain physical constraint based on the structural model, and define the theoretical lower limit of pitch that does not degrade to the critical current based on the physical constraint. Based on the theoretical lower limit of the pitch, the hysteresis loss and transmission loss of the structural model under different pitches are calculated using the TA homogenization method, and a total loss evaluation function is established based on the hysteresis loss and transmission loss. The amplitude and inflection point magnetic field dependent on the field angle are extracted to establish an anti-interference performance index. Combined with the anti-interference performance index and the total loss evaluation function, a comprehensive objective optimization function is established, and the optimal pitch is obtained by solving the function. The solid toroidal superconducting cable structure is wound according to the optimal pitch control.
2. The method for optimizing low-loss high-temperature superconducting cables according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction of the winding strain physical constraints based on the structural model, and the definition of the theoretical lower limit of pitch without critical current degradation based on the physical constraints, include: The thickness of the superconducting tape is extracted based on the spatial characteristics of its vertical radial arrangement. The winding radius of the corresponding annular channel ; The pitch of the strip winding is set as follows: Establish the bending strain function of superconducting tape in three-dimensional helical winding state; Keeping the current-carrying area of the superconducting cable constant, the calculated value of the bending strain function is less than or equal to the critical degradation strain threshold. The theoretical lower limit of the pitch is determined.
3. The method for optimizing low-loss high-temperature superconducting cables according to claim 2, characterized in that, The formula for the bending strain function is: in, The thickness of the superconducting tape. This corresponds to the winding radius of the annular channel. The pitch of the thread wound from the strip. This is the calculated value of the bending strain function.
4. The method for optimizing low-loss high-temperature superconducting cables according to claim 1, characterized in that, The total loss evaluation function is: in, For hysteresis loss, For transmission loss, and These are weighting coefficients determined based on a preset transmission current range and an external magnetic field strength range. Total loss, , The pitch of the thread wound from the strip. This is the theoretical lower limit of the pitch value.
5. The method for optimizing low-loss high-temperature superconducting cables according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anti-interference performance index is: in, For field angle dependence amplitude, The inflection point magnetic field, For anti-interference performance index, The strength of the external working magnetic field.
6. The method for optimizing low-loss high-temperature superconducting cables according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of establishing a comprehensive objective optimization function by combining the anti-interference performance index and the total loss evaluation function, and solving for the optimal pitch, includes: Establish a comprehensive objective optimization function ; The comprehensive objective function is solved by nonlinear programming. Find the minimum value to obtain the optimal pitch. ; in, , As the normalization factor, The loss reference value is used as a baseline for unoptimized cables. For anti-interference performance index, This represents the total loss.
7. The method for optimizing low-loss high-temperature superconducting cables according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: The completed toroidal superconducting cable is subjected to performance tests, including critical current testing, transmission loss testing, and magnetization loss testing. If the test results do not meet the preset requirements, then Within the optimization range, the optimal pitch is finely adjusted by ±5mm until the test result meets the preset requirements.
8. A low-loss high-temperature superconducting cable optimization device, characterized in that, include; The structural model building unit is used to build a structural model of a ring-shaped superconducting cable. The structural model includes an even number of coaxially arranged ring channels, and each channel contains multiple superconducting strips arranged in a vertical radial manner. The pitch lower limit determination unit is used to construct the winding strain physical constraint based on the structure model, and to define the theoretical lower limit value of the pitch that does not degrade to the critical current according to the physical constraint. The loss function determination unit is used to calculate the hysteresis loss and transmission loss of the structural model under different pitches based on the theoretical lower limit of the pitch and using the TA homogenization method, and to establish a total loss evaluation function. The optimal pitch solving unit is used to extract the amplitude of the field angle dependence and the inflection point magnetic field to establish the anti-interference performance index. Combined with the anti-interference performance index and the total loss evaluation function, a comprehensive objective optimization function is established to solve for the optimal pitch. A solid cable winding unit is used to control and execute the winding of a solid toroidal superconducting cable structure according to the optimal pitch.
9. A computer device, characterized in that, It includes a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program that, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The device stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.