Ground nail type cable laying system and laying method

Abstract

This application discloses a ground-screw cable laying system and method, belonging to the field of power engineering technology, with the main purpose of simplifying the cable laying process. The main technical solution of this application is as follows: The ground-screw cable laying system includes multiple ground spikes, multiple cable supports, and a protective shell; the multiple ground spikes are spaced apart along the cable laying path, buried in the laying surface with their tops protruding from the surface, and a pressure sensor is installed inside the rod of each ground spike; each cable support is detachably mounted on the top of a ground spike protruding from the surface, and the cable support is used to support the cable, which is laid on the multiple cable supports; the protective shell is a long strip structure extending along the cable laying path, covering the portion of the ground spikes protruding from the surface and the outside of the cable supports to protect the ground spikes, the cable supports, and the supported cables.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of power engineering technology, specifically relating to a ground-mounted cable laying system and laying method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid advancement of power grid construction and the increasing number of renovation projects for old substations, cable laying work during substation power outage transitions faces multiple challenges, including tight schedules, heavy workloads, complex construction environments, and stringent cost control requirements.

[0003] In existing technologies, cables are mostly laid by direct burial. This process requires a series of complicated procedures, such as large-scale earthwork excavation, laying of protective pipes, and backfilling after cable laying. This not only consumes a lot of manpower, material resources and time, resulting in a long construction period, but also, when construction is carried out in urban areas or within existing building complexes, large-scale earthwork operations can easily have a significant impact on the surrounding environment, traffic and existing underground pipelines, and may even pose safety hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, this application provides a ground-mounted cable laying system and method, the main purpose of which is to simplify the cable laying process, reduce earthwork, reduce the interference of construction on the surrounding environment, traffic and underground pipelines, eliminate related construction safety hazards, and at the same time achieve reliable support and protection of the cable, while taking into account the improvement of construction efficiency, shortening of construction period and control of construction cost, and adapting to the cable laying needs in the power outage transition stage of substations and complex urban construction environments.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application mainly provides the following technical solutions: One aspect of this application provides a ground-screw cable laying system, comprising: Multiple ground spikes are arranged at intervals along the cable laying path. The ground spikes are buried in the laying ground and their tops protrude from the laying ground. A pressure sensor is installed inside the rod of the ground spike. Multiple cable supports, each of which is detachably mounted on the top of one of the ground stakes protruding from the ground surface, the cable supports being used to support cables, and the cables being laid on the multiple cable supports; A protective housing, which is a long strip structure and extends along the cable laying path, covers the part of the ground nail that is exposed on the ground and the outside of the cable support, so as to protect the ground nail, the cable support and the cable it supports.

[0006] Optionally, the ground stake includes a drilling section, a connecting section, and an anchoring section connected sequentially along the axial direction; the drilling section is tapered at the tip and has external threads on its outer circumference for screwing into the ground to achieve drilling and fixing of the ground stake; the connecting section is a cylindrical rod embedded in the ground and has the pressure sensor inside; the top of the anchoring section protrudes from the ground and is used for detachably connecting to the cable support.

[0007] Optionally, the cable support includes a mounting base and a support rod; the mounting base is detachably disposed on the top of the ground nail protruding from the ground surface; the support rod passes through the mounting base and extends in a direction perpendicular to the cable laying path to support the cable, and the cable is laid on the support rod.

[0008] Optionally, the support rod passes through the mounting base in a direction perpendicular to the cable laying path, and the two ends of the support rod extend out of the mounting base by unequal lengths.

[0009] Optionally, the mounting base has a threaded hole that communicates with the through hole of the support rod, and a set screw is screwed into the threaded hole. The end of the set screw can abut against the outer circumferential surface of the support rod to fix the position of the support rod relative to the mounting base.

[0010] Optionally, the two ends of the support rod are detachably provided with connecting lugs, which are used to detachably connect to the inner sidewall of the protective housing to fix the protective housing to the outside of the cable support and the cable it supports.

[0011] Optionally, the protective housing is a split-type splicing protective structure, including a side protection assembly, a top protection assembly, and an end protection assembly; the side protection assembly includes two side protection plates extending along the cable laying path, the two side protection plates being symmetrically arranged on both sides of the cable laying path, with their bottoms in contact with the laying ground; the top protection assembly includes multiple top protection plates sequentially spliced ​​along the cable laying path, with both ends of the top protection plates resting on top of the two side protection plates; the end protection assembly includes two end protection plates, the two end protection plates being respectively arranged at both ends of the protective housing and detachably connected to the ends of the side protection assembly and the top protection assembly; the end protection plates have cable penetration holes, the cable penetration holes are provided with sealing elements, and the cable passes through the cable penetration holes in a sealed manner.

[0012] Optionally, the ground-screw cable laying system further includes: A smart fence extends along the cable laying path and is deployed around the outside of the protective shell to form an outer perimeter protection for the cable laying path.

[0013] Another aspect of this application provides a method for laying ground-screw cables, applied to the aforementioned ground-screw cable laying system, the method comprising: Detect the soil parameters of the laid surface; Based on the soil parameters obtained from the test, combined with the weight of the cable to be laid and the length of the laying path, the drilling depth of the ground nail and the spacing between adjacent ground nails are determined, and the leveling benchmark of the ground nail is planned. The cable laying path is preset, and multiple ground nails are screwed into the laying ground. The drilling depth of the ground nails is adjusted simultaneously to achieve leveling, ensuring that the top height of all the ground nails is consistent to form a flat cable support reference surface, and ensuring that the pressure sensor in the ground nail rod is in an effective working state. The cable support is detachably installed one by one on the top of each ground nail that protrudes from the ground surface; The cable to be laid is laid on multiple cable supports; Assemble the protective housing.

[0014] Optionally, the ground-screw cable laying method further includes: A smart fence is installed on the outside of the protective casing along the cable laying path to form an outer perimeter protection.

[0015] By employing the above technical solution, this application has at least the following beneficial effects: The ground-screw cable laying system and method provided in this application involve drilling ground screws with internal pressure sensors at intervals along the cable laying path, with the tops of the screws protruding above the ground. Cable supports, detachably mounted on the tops of the screws, support the cable. A long, strip-shaped protective shell extending along the cable laying path covers the exposed portion of the screws and the outside of the cable supports. This replaces the cumbersome processes of large-scale excavation, laying of protective pipes, and backfilling required by traditional direct burial methods, significantly reducing manpower and material costs, effectively shortening the cable laying construction period. The ground screws only require small-scale drilling operations to complete the installation, avoiding… Large-scale earthwork operations significantly reduce the adverse impacts on the surrounding environment, traffic, and existing underground pipelines, thus minimizing safety hazards during construction. Detachable cable supports can be flexibly disassembled and adjusted according to the actual needs of cable laying, adapting to different construction scenarios. Pressure sensors inside the ground nail poles can monitor the fixing strength of the ground nails in real time, providing accurate data support for cable laying construction and subsequent operation and maintenance. The long strip-shaped protective shell can provide comprehensive protection for the ground nails, cable supports, and the cables they support in the open ground, effectively protecting the structural integrity of each component and cable, and improving the safety and overall operational stability of the cables after laying. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a ground-mounted cable laying system according to an optional embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a ground stake according to an optional embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electric ground nail machine according to an optional embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is an application scenario diagram of a ground-screw cable laying system according to an optional embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a flowchart of an optional embodiment of the ground-mounted cable laying method of this application.

[0017] The reference numerals in the attached figures are as follows: 1. Ground stake; 11. Drilling section; 12. Connecting section; 13. Anchoring section; 2. Cable support; 21. Mounting base; 22. Support rod; 23. Connecting ear plate; 3. Protective shell; 31. Side protection assembly; 32. Top protection assembly; 33. End protection assembly; 4. Smart fence. Detailed Implementation

[0018] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0019] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0020] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0021] The preferred embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit this application.

[0022] See also Figures 1 to 4 As shown, according to an embodiment of this application, a ground-staple cable laying system is provided, including multiple ground spikes 1, multiple cable supports 2, and a protective shell 3; the multiple ground spikes 1 are arranged at intervals along the cable laying path, the ground spikes 1 are buried in the laying ground and their tops are exposed above the laying ground, and a pressure sensor is provided inside the rod of the ground spike 1; each cable support 2 is detachably set on the top of a ground spike 1 exposed above the laying ground, and the cable support 2 is used to support the cable, and the cable is laid on the multiple cable supports 2; the protective shell 3 is a long strip structure and extends along the cable laying path, and the protective shell 3 covers the part of the ground spike 1 exposed above the laying ground and the outside of the cable support 2, so as to protect the ground spikes 1, the cable support 2 and the supported cable.

[0023] The ground-screw cable laying system provided in this embodiment drills ground nails 1, each equipped with a pressure sensor, at intervals along the cable laying path, exposing the top of the ground nails 1 above the ground. Cable supports 2, detachably mounted on the top of the ground nails 1, support the cable. A long, strip-shaped protective shell 3 extending along the cable laying path covers the exposed portion of the ground nails 1 and the outside of the cable supports 2. This system replaces the cumbersome processes of large-scale excavation, laying of protective pipes, and backfilling required in traditional direct burial laying methods, significantly reducing manpower and material costs and effectively shortening the cable laying construction period. The ground nails 1 only require a small-scale drilling operation to complete the installation, avoiding… Large-scale earthwork operations significantly reduce the adverse impacts on the surrounding environment, traffic, and existing underground pipelines, thus minimizing safety hazards during construction. The detachable cable support 2 can be flexibly disassembled and adjusted according to the actual needs of cable laying, adapting to different construction scenarios. The pressure sensor inside the ground nail 1 can monitor the fixing strength of the ground nail 1 in real time, providing accurate data support for cable laying construction and subsequent operation and maintenance. The long strip-shaped protective shell 3 can provide comprehensive protection for the ground nail 1, cable support 2, and the supported cable installed in the open ground, effectively protecting the structural integrity of each component and cable, and improving the safety and overall operational stability of the cable after laying.

[0024] Understandably, during actual construction, multiple ground stakes 1 are arranged at intervals along the cable laying path and drilled into the ground according to the preset cable laying path. The drilling process does not require large-scale excavation; only small-scale drilling operations corresponding to the size of the ground stakes 1 are needed, greatly simplifying the construction process. During construction, the drilling depth of the ground stakes 1 must be precisely controlled to ensure that their shafts are stably fixed inside the ground, while ensuring that the top of the ground stakes 1 protrudes from the ground. This protruding part serves as the interface for connection with the cable support 2, providing a support base for the installation of subsequent components. Furthermore, a pressure sensor is integrated inside the shaft of the ground stake 1. This pressure sensor can be a miniature pressure sensor such as a silicon piezoresistive sensor chip, used to measure the contact pressure between the ground stake 1 and the soil. This provides accurate data support for stress control during cable laying and safety monitoring during subsequent operation and maintenance, enabling timely detection of abnormal stress conditions and risk avoidance.

[0025] Understandably, multiple cable supports 2, as direct cable support components, are connected to the ground spikes 1 in a one-to-one correspondence manner. Each cable support 2 can be detachably installed on top of the ground spike 1 protruding from the ground surface. This detachable connection improves the system's application flexibility. During construction, the position and number of cable supports 2 can be flexibly disassembled and adjusted according to cable specifications and laying path requirements, adapting to different cable laying needs. Furthermore, in later maintenance, cable repair, or path changes, the cable supports 2 can be quickly disassembled without damaging the overall system structure, reducing maintenance costs. The core function of the cable supports 2 is to support the cable. During construction, the cable is smoothly laid on multiple cable supports 2 arranged along the cable laying path. Through the coordinated support of multiple cable supports 2, the cable is kept at a preset height, preventing direct contact between the cable and the ground surface, reducing friction and corrosion damage to the cable, and ensuring the flatness of the cable laying, facilitating subsequent cable inspection and maintenance.

[0026] Understandably, the protective outer shell 3, as a protective component of the system, adopts a long strip structure, with its extension direction consistent with the cable laying path, capable of completely covering the entire cable laying section. During construction, the protective outer shell 3 is precisely installed over the exposed portion of the ground nail 1 and the outside of the cable support 2, forming a closed protective space that completely encloses the exposed ground nail 1, cable support 2, and the supported cable. Based on this, it can effectively resist the influence of external environmental factors. On the one hand, it prevents physical damage to the ground nail 1 and cable support 2 caused by collisions with pedestrians and vehicles, avoiding uneven stress or cable detachment due to component deformation; on the other hand, it isolates the components and cables from the erosion of rainwater, mud, sand, and debris, reducing natural wear and tear and extending the system's service life and the cable's operating cycle. Simultaneously, the protective outer shell 3 also serves a certain warning function, clearly indicating the cable laying path and preventing accidental damage to the cable during construction, further improving the operational safety and stability of the cable after laying.

[0027] In some possible implementations disclosed in this application, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 As shown, the ground spike 1 includes a drilling section 11, a connecting section 12, and an anchoring section 13 connected sequentially along the axial direction. The drilling section 11 is tapered at the tip and has external threads on its outer circumference for screwing into the ground to achieve drilling and fixing of the ground spike 1. The connecting section 12 is a cylindrical rod embedded in the ground and has a pressure sensor inside. The anchoring section 13 is a columnar structure with multiple annular protrusions, with an overall diameter slightly larger than that of the connecting section 12. Its top protrudes from the ground and is used for detachable connection of the cable support 2.

[0028] In this embodiment, the drilling section 11 of the ground nail 1 is tapered at the tip and has external threads on its outer circumference. The tapered structure reduces the resistance when screwing into the ground, facilitating the smooth drilling of the ground nail 1 into the ground. The external threads enhance the engagement between the drilling section 11 and the soil, improving the fixation stability of the ground nail 1 after screwing it in, ensuring that the ground nail 1 is stably rooted in the ground. The connecting section 12 is a cylindrical rod with a pressure sensor inside. The cylindrical rod has good structural strength, can be firmly buried in the ground to provide support for the ground nail 1 as a whole, and can also provide suitable installation space for the pressure sensor, facilitating... The pressure sensor integrates and accurately collects the contact pressure data between the ground nail 1 and the soil, providing a reliable basis for controlling the stress during cable laying and for subsequent operation and maintenance safety monitoring. The top of the anchoring section 13 is exposed on the ground, providing a clear and stable connection carrier for the cable support 2, realizing the detachable connection between the cable support 2 and the ground nail 1. This ensures the reliability of the connection between the two and provides a structural basis for the flexible disassembly and adjustment of the cable support 2, adapting to different construction scenarios and subsequent operation and maintenance needs. The synergistic effect of each section further improves the overall practicality, stability and compatibility of the ground nail 1 with other components of the system.

[0029] It is understandable that there are various ways to integrate the pressure sensor into the connecting segment 12, such as embedded sealed cavity integration or sidewall fitting integration. In this embodiment, an independent sealed cavity is pre-machined inside the cylindrical rod of the connecting segment 12, and the pressure sensor is directly embedded in the sealed cavity. Furthermore, a radio frequency communication unit is integrated into the pressure sensor body. During use, the pressure to be measured is transmitted through the cylindrical rod of the connecting segment 12 to the pressure sensor inside the sealed cavity. The pressure sensor detects the pressure and generates a corresponding pressure detection signal. Subsequently, the integrated radio frequency communication unit on its body wirelessly transmits the pressure detection signal outward via radio frequency communication, completing the pressure detection and wireless signal output.

[0030] In some possible implementations disclosed in this application, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 As shown, the cable support 2 includes a mounting base 21 and a support rod 22; the mounting base 21 is detachably mounted on the top of the ground nail 1 that protrudes from the ground; the support rod 22 passes through the mounting base 21 and extends in a direction perpendicular to the cable laying path to support the cable, and the cable is laid on the support rod 22.

[0031] In this embodiment, the cable support 2 is detachably connected to the ground nail 1 above the ground surface via the mounting base 21. This ensures the stability of the connection between the cable support 2 and the ground nail 1, and allows for flexible disassembly and adjustment of the cable support 2 according to cable specifications, laying path adjustments, and subsequent maintenance needs. This significantly improves the system's flexibility in adapting to different construction scenarios and reduces the difficulty and cost of maintenance operations. The support rod 22 passes through the mounting base 21 and extends in a direction perpendicular to the cable laying path, providing a stable support for the cable. This allows the cable to be laid smoothly on the support rod 22, effectively preventing the cable from directly contacting the ground surface and reducing damage to the cable from ground friction and corrosion. It also ensures the flatness of the cable laying, facilitating subsequent cable inspection and maintenance, further ensuring the structural integrity and operational stability of the cable after laying, and improving the overall practical performance of the ground nail cable laying system.

[0032] It is understood that the main extension direction of the mounting base 21 of the cable support 2 is set along the axial direction of the ground nail 1, that is, arranged in a direction perpendicular to the laying ground. The bottom of the mounting base 21 is provided with a connection hole that matches the anchoring section 13 of the ground nail 1. The connection hole can adopt a threaded hole, snap-fit ​​groove or other structural form to realize the detachable connection between the mounting base 21 and the anchoring section 13 of the ground nail 1. The top of the mounting base 21 is provided with a through hole for the support rod 22 to pass through. The through hole is a transverse through hole, which allows the support rod 22 to pass laterally through the mounting base 21 in a direction perpendicular to the cable laying path.

[0033] In the above embodiments, see Figure 1As shown, the support rod 22 is inserted into the mounting base 21 in a direction perpendicular to the cable laying path, and the two ends of the support rod 22 extend out of the mounting base 21 by different lengths.

[0034] Here, the support rod 22 is inserted into the mounting base 21 along a direction perpendicular to the cable laying path, with unequal lengths extending from both ends of the mounting base 21. This allows for differentiated support positions by varying the extension lengths of the support rod 22, enabling zoned support and effective differentiation of cables of different specifications and types. This avoids overlapping and tangling of different cables during the support process, ensuring the neatness of independent cable laying for each type. It also facilitates subsequent individual inspection, maintenance, and operation of different cables. At the same time, this structure still ensures stable support of various cables by the support rod 22, maintains the overall flatness of the cable laying, protects the structural integrity of various cables, and improves the adaptability of the ground-mounted cable laying system to various cable laying scenarios.

[0035] In the above embodiments, see Figure 1 As shown, the mounting base 21 has a threaded hole that communicates with the through hole of the support rod 22. A set screw is screwed into the threaded hole, and the end of the set screw can be pressed against the outer circumferential surface of the support rod 22 to fix the position of the support rod 22 relative to the mounting base 21.

[0036] Here, a threaded hole is provided on the mounting base 21, which is connected to the through hole of the support rod 22. After the set screw is screwed into the threaded hole, the end of the set screw abuts against the outer circumference of the support rod 22, which can effectively fix the position of the support rod 22 relative to the mounting base 21. This prevents the support rod 22 from shifting or shaking due to external force or long-term use when the cable is laid on it, ensuring the stable support state of the support rod 22 for the cable. At the same time, the set screw of the threaded connection can be loosened or tightened flexibly, which is convenient for adjusting the position of the support rod 22 according to the actual needs of cable laying and then fixing it quickly. This takes into account the reliability of structural fixation and the flexibility of installation adjustment, maintains the stability of the cooperation of each component of the cable support 2, ensures the neatness and structural integrity of the cable after laying, and further improves the structural practicality of the cable support 2 and the overall operational stability of the ground nail cable laying system.

[0037] In the above embodiments, see Figure 1 As shown, the two ends of the support rod 22 are detachably provided with connecting ear plates 23. The connecting ear plates 23 are used to detachably connect with the inner side wall of the protective shell 3 to fix the protective shell 3 to the outside of the cable support 2 and the cable supported.

[0038] Here, connecting lugs 23 are detachably installed at both ends of the support rod 22. The connecting lugs 23 are detachably connected to the inner wall of the protective shell 3, which can firmly fix the protective shell 3 to the outside of the cable support 2 and the supported cable, preventing the protective shell 3 from shifting or shaking due to external impact or environmental disturbance. This ensures that the protective shell 3 always accurately covers and protects the exposed part of the ground nail 1, the cable support 2, and the cable, guaranteeing the stability of the protective effect. At the same time, the detachable connection facilitates quick docking and installation of the protective shell 3 during construction. It also allows for flexible disassembly of the protective shell 3 during later operation and maintenance, cable repair, or replacement of the protective shell 3 when it is damaged, without having to disassemble the core support structure of the cable support 2 and the support rod 22, reducing the difficulty of disassembly and assembly and maintenance costs. In addition, the connecting ear plate 23 serves as the connection medium between the support rod 22 and the protective shell 3, enabling the protective shell 3 and the cable support 2 to form a cooperative fixing structure, thereby improving the overall resistance of the protective shell 3 to external forces, further protecting the internal cable and the structural integrity of each component, taking into account both the reliability of system protection and the flexibility of operation and maintenance, and strengthening the overall structural integrity and operational stability of the ground nail cable laying system.

[0039] It is understood that the connecting ear plate 23 includes a connecting end and a fitting end. The connecting end is located close to the support rod 22 and has a threaded hole, a snap-fit ​​groove and other structures that are compatible with the support rod 22, so as to realize the detachable connection between the connecting ear plate 23 and the support rod 22. The fitting end is a flat plate structure, and its end face away from the support rod 22 is used to fit against the inner wall of the protective shell 3, providing a flat and stable fitting base for subsequent detachable methods such as bolt connection between the two.

[0040] In some possible implementations disclosed in this application, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 As shown, the protective housing 3 is a split-type spliced ​​protective structure, including a side protection assembly 31, a top protection assembly 32, and an end protection assembly 33. The side protection assembly 31 includes two side protection plates extending along the cable laying path, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the cable laying path, with their bottoms in contact with the laying ground. The top protection assembly 32 includes multiple top protection plates that are sequentially spliced ​​along the cable laying path, with both ends of the top protection plates resting on the top of the two side protection plates. The end protection assembly includes two end protection plates, which are respectively arranged at both ends of the protective housing 3 and are detachably connected to the ends of the side protection assembly 31 and the top protection assembly 32. The end protection plates have cable penetration holes, and the cable penetration holes are equipped with seals, allowing the cable to pass through the cable penetration holes in a sealed manner.

[0041] In this embodiment, the protective shell 3 adopts a split splicing protective structure. The two side guards of the side guard assembly 31, extending along the cable laying path, are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the cable laying path and their bottoms are in contact with the laying ground, forming a stable side protection to block external force impacts and the intrusion of mud and sand debris. The top guard assembly 32 has multiple top guards that are sequentially spliced ​​along the cable laying path, with both ends resting on top of the two side guards. This can achieve top protection while adapting to cable laying paths of different lengths, facilitating flexible splicing and adjustment according to actual needs. The two end guards of the end protection assembly 33 are respectively arranged at both ends of the protective shell 3 and are connected to the side guard assembly 31. The top protection component 32 has a detachable end connection, which facilitates the disassembly and maintenance of the overall structure and can also seal the end of the protective shell 3. The cable penetration hole on the end plate allows the cable to pass through. The seal inside the hole achieves a sealed fit between the cable and the cable penetration hole, effectively preventing rainwater, dust and other external media from entering the protective shell 3 and corroding the ground nail 1, cable support 2 and cable. At the same time, it fixes the cable penetration position to prevent displacement. The overall structure takes into account comprehensive protection, installation and maintenance flexibility and sealing reliability, further enhances the protection effect on internal components and cables, extends the service life of each component and cable, and improves the overall operational stability of the ground nail cable laying system.

[0042] Understandably, the side protection components 31 serve as the basic protective and support structure on both sides of the protective shell 3. They consist of two side protection plates, each extending in a long strip along the cable laying path and symmetrically arranged around the cable laying path, located on the left and right sides of the path respectively. The bottom of the side protection plates is in close contact with the ground. Based on this, on the one hand, they form side enclosures for the protective shell 3, directly blocking external impacts from pedestrians, vehicles, etc., preventing damage to the internal ground anchors 1, cable supports 2, and cables from lateral forces. Simultaneously, they isolate ground debris, water, and other contaminants from entering the protective shell 3 from the sides, preventing corrosion of internal components and cables. On the other hand, the side protection plates in contact with the ground serve as stable support points for the top protection component 32, providing a solid top support surface for the overlapping of the top protection component 32 and ensuring the overall structural stability of the protective shell 3.

[0043] Understandably, the top protection assembly 32 is the top protective structure of the protective shell 3, composed of multiple top protection plates. These plates are sequentially spliced ​​and arranged along the cable laying path, with each top protection plate's ends directly resting on top of the side protection plates, forming the top cover of the protective shell 3. Together with the side protection assembly 31, it forms an open protective frame that extends vertically and horizontally. The splicing structure of multiple top protection plates allows for flexible adjustment of the number of plates used according to the actual cable laying path length, enabling on-demand assembly and perfectly adapting to the path length requirements of different construction scenarios. This solves the problems of inconvenient transportation and space constraints during installation associated with integral top protection structures. Furthermore, the connection method, which rests on top of the side protection plates without complex connectors, facilitates rapid splicing and installation during construction and allows for the individual disassembly of corresponding top protection plates during later localized maintenance, without dismantling the overall protective structure, significantly reducing the difficulty of operation and maintenance.

[0044] It is understood that the end protection component 33 is a closed structure at both ends of the protective shell 3, consisting of two end plates. The two end plates are respectively installed at the two ends of the protective shell 3, and are connected to the ends of the side protection component 31 and the top protection component 32 by bolts or other detachable connection methods. This detachable connection structure allows the end plates to be disassembled and installed independently of the side protection and top protection components 32. During construction, the side protection component 31 and the top protection component 32 can be assembled first, and then the end plates can be installed to close the ends of the protective shell 3, which is compatible with the construction procedures for cable laying. In the later stages of cable inspection, internal component replacement, or partial maintenance of the protective shell 3, the end plates can be directly removed without disassembling the entire side protection component 31 and the top protection component 32, further improving the convenience of operation and maintenance. The end cover plate has cable penetration holes, serving as the sole channel for cables to enter and exit the protective shell 3. This ensures the neatness of cable laying and prevents chaotic layout caused by cables randomly passing through. A sealing element is installed inside the cable penetration hole. When the cable passes through the hole, it forms a tight seal with the sealing element, effectively preventing rainwater, dust, insects, and other external media from entering the interior from both ends of the protective shell 3. This avoids damage and aging of the internal ground nails 1, cable support 2, and cables due to external corrosion. Simultaneously, the sealing element provides a certain degree of clamping and fixing effect on the cable, preventing displacement due to external pulling or environmental disturbances, and ensuring the stability of the cable's position after laying. The sealing element can be made of waterproof and fireproof putty; that is, after the cable passes through the cable penetration hole, the hole is sealed with waterproof and fireproof putty to achieve a sealed fit between the cable penetration hole and the cable.

[0045] In some possible implementations disclosed in this application, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 As shown, the ground-pile cable laying system also includes a smart fence 4, which extends along the cable laying path and is laid around the outside of the protective shell 3 to form an outer protection for the cable laying path.

[0046] In this embodiment, the intelligent fence 4 extends along the cable laying path and surrounds the outer side of the protective shell 3, which can build an additional outer protective barrier for the ground-pile cable laying system. It can effectively prevent external personnel, large machinery, etc. from accidentally colliding with, crushing, or causing damage to the protective shell 3, and indirectly protect the ground nails 1, cable supports 2, and the supported cables inside the protective shell 3 from collateral damage. At the same time, it can clearly define the outer perimeter of the cable laying path, play a clear warning role, remind surrounding personnel and construction activities to avoid the area, and avoid damage to the cable laying system components or cable operation failure due to accidental intrusion. It further improves the protection system, strengthens the all-round protection of the cable laying path, enhances the safety and stability of the entire ground-pile cable laying system, and provides more comprehensive protection for the long-term reliable operation of the cable.

[0047] It is understood that the smart fence 4 includes a fence body, a monitoring module, a communication module, and an early warning module. The fence body is detachably installed on the ground using expansion bolts, anchor screws, and other fasteners, and is located outside the protective shell 3, extending along the cable laying path to form an outer perimeter protection for the cable laying path. The monitoring module integrates a vibration sensor and an infrared intrusion detector to monitor the vibration status of the fence body in real time, as well as the intrusion of personnel and objects around the fence body. The communication module establishes communication connections with the pressure sensor and monitoring module inside the ground nail 1, and is used to receive pressure detection data collected by the pressure sensor and vibration and intrusion monitoring data collected by the monitoring module in real time. The early warning module is electrically connected to the communication module. When the pressure detection data received by the communication module is lower than a preset threshold, or when the monitoring module detects abnormal vibration of the fence body or illegal intrusion around the fence, the early warning module immediately issues an early warning signal through sound and light warnings and remote communication.

[0048] Furthermore, to clearly illustrate the construction operation process of the above-mentioned ground-screw cable laying system, embodiments of this application also provide a ground-screw cable laying method, applicable to any of the above-mentioned ground-screw cable laying systems, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 5 As shown, the ground-screw cable laying method includes: Step S101: Detect the soil parameters of the laying surface.

[0049] Here, soil parameters are used to provide a basis for the placement and leveling of ground nail 1.

[0050] It is understood that soil parameters include, but are not limited to, soil type, soil density, moisture content, bearing capacity, and distribution of underground impurities. Testing methods can include small soil samplers for analysis, portable compaction meters, and in-situ bearing capacity testing, covering the entire cable laying route.

[0051] Step S201: Based on the soil parameters obtained from the test, combined with the weight of the cable to be laid and the length of the laying path, determine the drilling depth of the ground nail 1 and the spacing between adjacent ground nails 1, and plan the leveling benchmark of the ground nail 1.

[0052] Here, the determined insertion depth of the ground nail 1 is the minimum insertion depth that the ground nail 1 must reach, and this minimum insertion depth must ensure that the connecting section 12 of the ground nail 1 can be completely buried inside the ground.

[0053] Understandably, the drilling depth of ground stake 1 needs to be determined by considering both soil bearing capacity and cable weight. Lower soil bearing capacity and heavier cables require deeper drilling to prevent ground stake 1 from sinking or tilting under stress. The spacing between adjacent ground stakes 1 needs to balance support stability and construction efficiency. Larger cables and longer spans require smaller spacing, generally based on the standard of no significant sag of the cable on the support and uniform stress on the support rod 22. A unified top elevation baseline for ground stake 1 needs to be established based on the drilling depth to ensure a flat support surface after the subsequent installation of cable support 2, preventing uneven stress on the cable due to height differences. Specifically, the unified top elevation baseline for ground stake 1, planned based on the drilling depth, must be lower than the actual height of the top of the anchoring section 13 after the ground stake 1 is screwed into the ground at the minimum drilling depth mentioned above. Based on this, a fine-tuning margin can be reserved. During construction, the drilling depth of the ground nail 1 can be appropriately increased to ensure that the top of all ground nail 1 is accurately placed on the elevation baseline. This ensures that the supporting surface is flat after leveling and always meets the fixing requirement that the connecting section 12 is completely buried in the ground. At the same time, based on the unified elevation baseline of the top of the ground nail 1 planned according to the drilling depth of the ground nail 1, it is also necessary to ensure that after leveling, the top of the anchoring section 13 of the ground nail 1 still has enough length to protrude from the ground, providing a reliable support surface for the detachable connection of the cable support 2.

[0054] Step S301: Preset the cable laying path, screw multiple ground nails 1 into the laying ground, and simultaneously adjust the drilling depth of the ground nails 1 to achieve leveling, ensuring that the top height of all ground nails 1 is consistent to form a flat cable support reference surface, and ensuring that the pressure sensor inside the ground nail 1 rod is in an effective working state.

[0055] Here, the leveling and screwing in of the ground nail 1 must be carried out simultaneously. The core is to use the preset leveling benchmark as a basis, and by fine-tuning the actual drilling depth of a single ground nail 1, make the top of the anchoring section 13 of all ground nail 1 keep the same elevation, forming a flat support benchmark surface, while ensuring that the pressure sensor works normally.

[0056] Understandably, the cable laying path is first pre-defined by laying out lines and driving stakes to accurately determine the placement point of each ground nail 1, ensuring that the ground nails 1 are neatly arranged along the path. During screwing, the conical tip of the drilling section 11 of the ground nail 1 is used to reduce soil resistance, and the outer thread on the outer circumference enhances the engagement with the soil. An electric ground nailing machine is used to drive the ground nail 1 to rotate and drill in, thus achieving mechanized construction. At each placement point, the elevation baseline of the top of the anchoring section 13 of the ground nail 1 is marked as a leveling reference according to the planned leveling benchmark. Then, according to the foundation drilling depth determined in the early stage based on soil parameters and cable weight, the ground nail 1 is rotated and screwed into the laying ground to complete the initial fixation. At this time, it is necessary to ensure that the connecting section 12 of the ground nail 1 is completely buried below the ground, and the pressure sensor simultaneously enters the initial working state. Subsequently, using tools such as a level and elevation gauge, the actual height of the top of anchor section 13 of ground nail 1 was detected in real time and compared with the elevation baseline. Fine adjustments were made by gradually increasing the drilling depth downwards, pausing the operation and re-measuring the height every 1-2 turns until the top was precisely aligned with the elevation baseline. After leveling a single ground nail 1, the RF communication unit of the pressure sensor built into the ground nail 1 was used to detect the signal transmission status of the pressure sensor in real time, confirming that the pressure data acquisition and wireless output were normal, and avoiding sensor failure due to soil compression or slight deformation of the rod during installation. This process was followed to complete the screwing, leveling, and sensor calibration of all ground nails 1 one by one, ultimately ensuring that the tops of all ground nails 1 were at the same elevation, providing a flat and stable benchmark for the subsequent installation of cable support 2, and laying a reliable data foundation for construction stress control and later operation and maintenance monitoring.

[0057] Step S401: Install the cable support 2 one by one on the top of each ground nail 1 that is exposed on the ground.

[0058] Here, align the connecting hole of the cable support 2 mounting base 21 with the anchoring section 13 of the ground nail 1, and complete the detachable fixing by means of rotation, snapping, etc., to ensure that the mounting base 21 of the cable support 2 and the anchoring section 13 fit tightly and are not loose.

[0059] Understandably, if the position of the support rod 22 needs to be adjusted, the set screw on the mounting base 21 can be loosened first, the support rod 22 can be adjusted to the appropriate position along the through hole, and then the set screw can be tightened to secure it against the outer circumference of the support rod 22. At the same time, connecting ear plates 23 need to be installed at both ends of the support rod 22 to reserve interfaces for the subsequent fixing of the protective shell 3. During the installation process, it is necessary to ensure that the cable support 2 is perpendicular to the laying ground and that the extension direction of the support rod 22 is perpendicular to the cable laying path.

[0060] Step S501: Lay the cable to be laid on multiple cable supports 2.

[0061] Before installation, the cable must be inspected for any damage and for its insulation to be intact. During installation, the cable should be slowly placed on the support rod 22. Depending on the cable specifications and type, the cable can be supported in sections by using the unequal extension structures at both ends of the support rod 22 to avoid overlapping or tangling of different cables.

[0062] It is understandable that before the cable to be laid is placed on the cable support 2, the side protection components 31 and end protection components 33 of the protective shell 3 should be in place and fixed to the ground precisely along the preset cable laying path. The cable to be laid passes through the cable penetration hole on the end guard plate and is placed on the multiple cable supports 2 between the two side guard plates.

[0063] Step S601: Assemble the protective casing 3.

[0064] Before assembly, it is necessary to confirm that the side guard assembly 31, top guard assembly 32, end guard assembly 33, and seals are prepared according to the cable laying path length, the connecting lugs 23 at both ends of the support rod 22 are installed in place, and the cable is neatly positioned on the cable support 2 without offset or overlap. Then, along the extension direction of the cable laying path, multiple top guard plates are spliced ​​together sequentially. They can be erected one by one, or multiple top guard plates can be spliced ​​together first and then erected as a whole. The two ends of the top guard plate are respectively placed on top of the two side guard plates, with an overlap depth of not less than 5cm, to ensure that the top guard plate is placed stably and the force is evenly distributed, and to prevent it from falling off due to shallow overlap.

[0065] In the above embodiments, the ground-screw cable laying method further includes: Step S701: Install a smart fence 4 along the cable laying path on the outside of the protective casing 3 to form an outer perimeter protection.

[0066] Here, the smart fence 4 is deployed, modules are installed and debugged, and the system is integrated on the outside of the assembled protective shell 3, so that the smart fence 4 and the pressure sensor of the ground nail 1 form a linkage early warning system, ultimately realizing the external protection and intelligent monitoring of the cable laying path.

[0067] It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the aforementioned advantageous methods can be freely combined and superimposed without conflict.

[0068] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application. The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A ground-mounted cable laying system, characterized in that, include: Multiple ground spikes are arranged at intervals along the cable laying path. The ground spikes are buried in the laying ground and their tops protrude from the laying ground. A pressure sensor is installed inside the rod of the ground spike. Multiple cable supports, each of which is detachably mounted on the top of one of the ground stakes protruding from the ground surface, the cable supports being used to support cables, and the cables being laid on the multiple cable supports; A protective housing, which is a long strip structure and extends along the cable laying path, covers the part of the ground nail that is exposed on the ground and the outside of the cable support, so as to protect the ground nail, the cable support and the cable it supports.

2. The ground-screw cable laying system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ground stake includes a drilling section, a connecting section, and an anchoring section connected sequentially along the axial direction; the drilling section is tapered at the tip and has external threads on its outer circumference for screwing into the ground to achieve drilling and fixing of the ground stake; the connecting section is a cylindrical rod embedded in the ground and has the pressure sensor inside; the top of the anchoring section protrudes from the ground and is used for detachably connecting to the cable support.

3. The ground-screw cable laying system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cable support includes a mounting base and a support rod; the mounting base is detachably mounted on the top of the ground nail protruding from the ground surface; the support rod passes through the mounting base and extends in a direction perpendicular to the cable laying path to support the cable, and the cable is laid on the support rod.

4. The ground-screw cable laying system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The support rod is inserted into the mounting base in a direction perpendicular to the cable laying path, and the two ends of the support rod extend out of the mounting base by unequal lengths.

5. The ground-screw cable laying system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mounting base has a threaded hole that communicates with the through hole of the support rod. A set screw is screwed into the threaded hole, and the end of the set screw can abut against the outer circumferential surface of the support rod to fix the position of the support rod relative to the mounting base.

6. The ground-screw cable laying system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The support rod is detachably provided with connecting lugs at both ends. The connecting lugs are used to detachably connect with the inner sidewall of the protective housing to fix the protective housing to the outside of the cable support and the cable it supports.

7. The ground-screw cable laying system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective shell is a split-type splicing protective structure, including a side protection assembly, a top protection assembly, and an end protection assembly. The side protection assembly includes two side protection plates extending along the cable laying path, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the cable laying path, with their bottoms in contact with the laying ground. The top protection assembly includes multiple top protection plates sequentially spliced ​​along the cable laying path, with both ends of the top protection plates resting on top of the two side protection plates. The end protection assembly includes two end protection plates, which are respectively arranged at both ends of the protective shell and detachably connected to the ends of the side protection assembly and the top protection assembly. The end protection plates have cable penetration holes, and the cable penetration holes are equipped with sealing elements, allowing the cable to pass through the cable penetration holes in a sealed manner.

8. The ground-screw cable laying system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A smart fence extends along the cable laying path and is deployed around the outside of the protective shell to form an outer perimeter protection for the cable laying path.

9. A method for laying ground-mounted cables, characterized in that, Applied to the ground-screw cable laying system as described in any one of claims 1-8, the ground-screw cable laying method includes: Detect the soil parameters of the laid surface; Based on the soil parameters obtained from the test, combined with the weight of the cable to be laid and the length of the laying path, the drilling depth of the ground nail and the spacing between adjacent ground nails are determined, and the leveling benchmark of the ground nail is planned. The cable laying path is preset, and multiple ground nails are screwed into the laying ground. The drilling depth of the ground nails is adjusted simultaneously to achieve leveling, ensuring that the top height of all the ground nails is consistent to form a flat cable support reference surface, and ensuring that the pressure sensor in the ground nail rod is in an effective working state. The cable support is detachably installed one by one on the top of each ground nail that protrudes from the ground surface; The cable to be laid is laid on multiple cable supports; Assemble the protective housing.

10. The method for laying ground-mounted cables according to claim 9, characterized in that, Also includes: A smart fence is installed on the outside of the protective casing along the cable laying path to form an outer perimeter protection.

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