Methods, systems, and elements for gnss antennas

Abstract

GNSS antennas are widely used in various civilian and military applications. While low profile, low weight, and smaller footprint are particularly important for many applications, a common requirement across all applications is cost reduction. For GNSS antennas, cost reduction can be achieved through manufacturing processes, such as reducing waste, lowering the cost of assembly components, reducing assembly and / or testing time, or improving yield to meet product specifications. Therefore, designs and assembly components that support these requirements are provided.

Description

Cross-reference to related applications

[0001] This patent application claims the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 586,674, filed on September 29, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This patent application relates to antennas, and more specifically to compact global navigation satellite system antennas, antenna elements employing coupled dipole resonant elements, and antenna assemblies. Background Technology

[0003] With the development of low-cost GNSS receiver electronics, the applications of such GNSS receivers continue to expand, thus creating a persistent need for more compact multiband antennas that can be easily integrated into various portable devices or, more broadly, mobile platforms and equipment. In addition to compactness, these antennas should provide controlled radiation patterns—that is, uniform coverage of the upper hemisphere of their radiation pattern—and circular polarization purity to improve cross-polarization suppression, and consequently, multipath suppression. Furthermore, low profile, low weight, and a smaller footprint are particularly important for many applications.

[0004] However, while low profile, low weight, and smaller footprint are particularly important for many applications, a common requirement for all applications is cost reduction. For GNSS antennas, cost reduction can be achieved through manufacturing processes, such as reducing waste, lowering the cost of assembly components, reducing assembly and / or testing time, or improving yield to meet product specifications. Therefore, the design and assembly of GNSS antenna elements that support these requirements will be beneficial.

[0005] Other aspects and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following description of specific embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to alleviate the limitations of the prior art regarding antennas, and more specifically regarding the limitations of compact broadband global navigation satellite system antennas, antenna elements, and antenna assemblies employing coupled dipole resonant elements.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an antenna is provided, comprising: A printed circuit includes a dipole element disposed on an insulating substrate, the dipole element having a centrally located feed connection, wherein a metallization layer of the dipole element at each distal end relative to the centrally located feed connection extends onto a protruding extension of the printed circuit. Another printed circuit has a ground plane arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the dipole element and offset relative to that longitudinal axis by a predetermined amount. A pair of grounding elements, each having a predetermined length and width, are metallized on an insulating substrate and arranged at the distal end of the dipole element; wherein: The first end of each of the grounding elements in the pair is electrically connected to the ground plane on the other printed circuit. Each of the pair of grounding elements includes a hole in its insulating substrate, the hole being surrounded by a metallized region, and the metallized region being isolated from the metallization layer of the grounding element by one or more defined gaps; Each metallized protrusion of the printed circuit board at the distal end of the dipole element is inserted into a hole of the ground element in the pair of ground elements, and the metallization layer of the dipole element at the distal end of the dipole element is directly electrically connected to the metallized region of the ground element in the pair of ground elements; and Each of the grounding elements in the pair radiates excitation to the metallized region of the grounding element in the pair through a defined capacitive reactance.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an antenna is provided, comprising: Dipole on printed circuit board; and A pair of grounding elements; among which Each of the grounding elements in the pair is radiatively coupled to the different ends of the dipole via a defined capacitive reactance and is mechanically connected to the printed circuit.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an antenna is provided, comprising: A printed circuit includes a dipole element disposed on an insulating substrate, the dipole element having a centrally located feed connection, wherein a metallization layer of the dipole element at each distal end relative to the centrally located feed connection extends onto a protruding extension of the printed circuit. Another printed circuit has a ground plane arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the dipole element and offset relative to that longitudinal axis by a predetermined amount. A pair of grounding elements, each having a predetermined length and width, are metallized on an insulating substrate and arranged at the distal end of the dipole element; wherein: The first end of each of the grounding elements in the pair is electrically connected to the ground plane on the other printed circuit. Each of the pair of grounding elements includes a hole in its insulating substrate, the hole being surrounded by a metallized region that is isolated from the metallization layer of the grounding element by one or more defined gaps; and Each metallized protrusion of the printed circuit board at the distal end of the dipole element is inserted into the hole of the ground element in the pair of ground elements, and the metallization layer of the dipole element at the distal end of the dipole element is directly electrically connected to the metallized region of the ground element in the pair of ground elements.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method for providing an antenna is provided, comprising: A printed circuit is provided, the printed circuit including a dipole element disposed on an insulating substrate, the dipole element having a centrally disposed feed connection, wherein a metallization layer of the dipole element at each distal end relative to the centrally disposed feed connection extends onto a protruding extension of the printed circuit. Another printed circuit is provided, the other printed circuit having a ground plane arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the dipole element and offset relative to the longitudinal axis by a predetermined amount, and A pair of grounding elements are provided, each having a predetermined length and width, metallized on an insulating substrate, and disposed at the distal end of the dipole element; wherein: The first end of each of the grounding elements in the pair is electrically connected to the ground plane on the other printed circuit. Each of the pair of grounding elements includes a hole in its insulating substrate, the hole being surrounded by a metallized region that is isolated from the metallization layer of the grounding element by one or more defined gaps; and Each metallized protrusion of the printed circuit board at the distal end of the dipole element is inserted into the hole of the ground element in the pair of ground elements, and the metallization layer of the dipole element at the distal end of the dipole element is directly electrically connected to the metallized region of the ground element in the pair of ground elements.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an antenna is provided, comprising: Base; A dipole element extending on a carrier, wherein the dipole element is arranged at a defined distance above the base and extends in a plane parallel to the base; A ground plane having a portion extending above the dipole element at a defined distance; wherein... The dipole element extends along the protrusion of the carrier; The protrusion extends through an opening in the ground plane, such that the dipole element also extends through the opening; The portion of the dipole element extending through the opening is electrically connected to the metallization layer surrounding the opening; and The metallization layer surrounding the opening is electrically isolated from the ground plane by a non-metallization region having a defined geometry and defined dimensions.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an antenna is provided, comprising: Base; A pair of dipole elements extending radially on a carrier from an axis perpendicular to the base, wherein the pair of dipole elements are arranged at a defined distance above the base and extend from an end toward the axis to a distal end in a plane parallel to the base; A ground plane has a first portion and a second portion, the first portion extending at a predetermined distance above the distal end of one dipole element in the pair of dipole elements, and the second portion extending at the predetermined distance above the distal end of the other dipole element in the pair of dipole elements; wherein, The dipole element of the pair extends along the first protrusion of the carrier, and the other dipole element of the pair extends along the second protrusion of the carrier; The first protrusion extends through an opening in the first portion of the ground plane, such that the dipole element of the pair of dipole elements extends through the opening; The second protrusion extends through another opening within the second portion of the ground plane, such that the other dipole element of the pair of dipole elements extends through the other opening; The dipole element in the dipole element extends through a portion of the opening and is electrically connected to the metallization layer surrounding the opening; The other dipole element in the pair of dipole elements extends through a portion of the other opening and is electrically connected to the metallization layer surrounding the other opening; The metallization layer surrounding the opening is electrically isolated from a first portion of the ground plane via a non-metallized region having a defined geometry and defined dimensions; and The metallized layer surrounding the other opening is electrically isolated from the second portion of the ground plane by another non-metallized region having other defined geometries and other defined dimensions.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an antenna is provided, comprising: Base; A first dipole includes a pair of dipole elements extending radially from an axis perpendicular to the base on a first carrier, wherein the pair of dipole elements are arranged at a defined distance above the base and extend from an end toward the axis to a distal end in a plane parallel to the base. A second dipole includes another pair of dipole elements extending radially from an axis perpendicular to the base on a second carrier, wherein the other pair of dipole elements are arranged at a defined distance above the base and extend from an end toward the axis to a distal end in a plane parallel to the base; and The mounting elements on the base include: The mounting portion, wherein the first carrier and the second carrier are mounted orthogonally to each other on the mounting portion; and A series of other parts, each extending vertically from the mounting portion, are arranged between predetermined portions of the first carrier and the second carrier.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an antenna is provided, comprising: A dipole element located on an insulating substrate of a printed circuit board (PCB) has a centrally arranged feed terminal for connection to a balanced feed network, wherein the metallization layer of the dipole includes a first terminal forming a portion of the feed terminal, a second terminal forming another portion of the feed terminal, and a third and a fourth terminal extending to each distal end of the dipole element. A base grounding PCB having a planar geometry, wherein a metallization layer provides a ground plane for the antenna, the ground plane having a dimension along the longitudinal axis of the dipole element along the PCB insulating substrate, the dimension being determined based on the length of the dipole element along the longitudinal axis, the base grounding PCB being arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the dipole element and offset relative to the longitudinal axis by a predetermined offset; First and second metallized grounding elements are metallized on an insulating substrate, each of the metallized grounding elements having a first end and a second far end, each having a predetermined length and width, wherein the first end is electrically connected to the base grounding PCB at one or more points arranged laterally on the base grounding PCB, and the second far end is arranged adjacent to the far end of the dipole element. A first predetermined capacitive reactance connected between the third terminal of the dipole element and the second distal end of the first metallized grounding element; and A second predetermined capacitive reactance is connected between the fourth terminal of the dipole element and the second distal end of the second metallized grounding element; wherein The balanced feed network provides the same, antipodal feed signal at both the first and second terminals; and The antenna configuration effectively provides a miniaturized antenna with improved wide-bandwidth impedance at the first and second terminals.

[0015] Other aspects and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following description of specific embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 Exemplary cross-sectional, end view, and top view schematic diagrams of an inventive broadband antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention are depicted; the broadband antenna employs a parasitic element combined with a dipole; Figure 2 Exemplary cross-sectional, end view, and top view schematic diagrams of an inventive broadband antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention are depicted; the broadband antenna employs a parasitic element combined with a dipole; Figure 3 An exemplary cross-sectional schematic diagram of an inventive antenna employing a dipole element according to an embodiment of the present invention is depicted; Figure 4 An exemplary cross-sectional schematic diagram of an inventive antenna employing a dipole element according to an embodiment of the present invention is depicted; Figure 5 Depicting according to Figure 4 A perspective view of an inventive circularly polarized (CP) antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6A An exploded perspective view of an inventive CP antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention is depicted; Figure 6B and 6C It describes what can be used in accordance with Figure 6A A top view of the flexible circuit in the inventive CP antenna of an embodiment of the present invention shown; Figure 6D and 6E Depicting according to Figure 6A The diagram shows a perspective view of the flexible circuit lobe of the inventive CP antenna of this invention, with the distal end of the lobe engaged in an opening within the base substrate. Figure 7A Depicting according to Figure 6A The diagram shows an assembly perspective view of the inventive CP antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figures 7B to 7D Depicting according to Figures 6A-6E The inventive CP antenna shown in this embodiment of the invention features alternative ground plane interconnects to improve manufacturability and improve the repeatability of assembled antennas; Figure 8 Depicting according to Figures 6A-6ECross-sectional views of the assembled inventive CP antenna of the embodiments of the present invention shown in 7A-7B; Figure 9 Depicting according to Figures 6A to 8 Cross-sectional perspective views of the assembled inventive CP antenna according to embodiments of the present invention are shown respectively; Figure 10 Describes the formation basis Figures 6A to 9 The mounting and tuning elements of a portion of the inventive CP antenna in each embodiment of the present invention are shown respectively; Figure 11 Depicting according to Figures 6A to 10 A side view of the assembled inventive CP antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12 Depicting according to Figures 6A to 11 The photographs shown depict the installation of the dipole of the inventive CP antenna of this embodiment of the invention with a carrier having a ground plane, in order to improve manufacturability and improve the repeatability of the assembled antenna. Figure 13 Depicting according to Figures 6A to 12 The carrier-based dipoles used in the inventive CP antennas of the present invention, as shown in the respective embodiments; Figure 14 Depicting according to Figures 6A to 13 The inventive CP antennas of the present invention shown in the respective embodiments provide a flexible circuit supporting a ground plane and a grounding element; Figure 15A and 15B Depicting Figure 10 A variation of the mounting-tuning element, used for, for example Figures 6A to 14 The creative CP antenna shown supports improved manufacturability and improved reproducibility of assembled antennas; and Figure 16 Describes the use of, for example Figure 10 , 15A The capacitance generated by the mounting-tuning element shown in 15B and the adjusted capacitance; and Figure 17 Depicting according to Figures 6A to 11 Alternative layouts of metallization layers and protrusions for mounting between the dipole and the carrier having a ground plane in the inventive CP antenna of the present invention, respectively, are shown in the embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0017] This description relates to antennas, and more specifically to compact broadband global navigation satellite system antennas, antenna elements employing coupled dipole resonant elements, and antenna assemblies.

[0018] The following description provides only representative embodiments and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of this disclosure. Rather, the following description of the embodiments will provide those skilled in the art with a feasible description of implementing one or more embodiments of the invention. It should be understood that various changes can be made to the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and scope set forth in the appended claims. Therefore, the embodiments are examples or implementations of the invention, and not the only implementations. The terms "one embodiment," "embodiment," or "some embodiments" appearing throughout do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Although various features of the invention may be described in the context of a single embodiment, these features may also be provided individually or in any suitable combination. Conversely, although the invention may be described in the context of a single embodiment for clarity, the invention may also be implemented in a single embodiment or any combination of embodiments. Furthermore, the terminology and phrases used herein are not intended to be limiting but rather to provide an understandable description of the invention.

[0019] References to "one embodiment," "embodiment," "some embodiments," or "other embodiments" in the specification mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with these embodiments is included in at least one embodiment of the invention, but not necessarily in all embodiments. The wording and terminology used herein should not be construed as limiting, but are for descriptive purposes only. It should be understood that where the claim or specification references an element "a" or "an," such reference should not be construed as meaning that only one such element exists. It should be understood that where the specification states that a component feature, structure, or characteristic is "may," "may," "can," or "can" be included, it does not require that particular component, feature, structure, or characteristic be included.

[0020] References to terms such as “left,” “right,” “top,” “bottom,” “front,” and “rear” are intended to describe the orientation of specific features, structures, or elements depicting embodiments of the invention in the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that such directional terms have no specific meaning for the actual use of the device, as users can use the device in multiple orientations.

[0021] References to the terms “comprising,” “including,” “consisting of,” and their grammatical variations do not preclude the addition of one or more components, features, steps, integers, or groups thereof, and these terms should not be construed as specifying a component, feature, step, or integer. Similarly, the phrase “substantially constitutes” and its grammatical variations as used herein should not be construed as excluding additional components, steps, features, integers, or groups thereof, provided that such additional features, integers, steps, components, or groups thereof do not substantially alter the essential and novel characteristics of the claimed composition, apparatus, or method. If the specification or claims refer to an “additional” element, it does not preclude the presence of more than one additional element.

[0022] The term “feed point” (FP) as used in this document and throughout the disclosure refers to or refers to microwave transmission lines (e.g., Figure 2-4 and Figure 6A-8 The point (shown) coupled to a microwave circuit (e.g., a microwave feed network or a microwave combiner network).

[0023] Those skilled in the art will understand that the antennas and antenna elements described below with respect to embodiments of the present invention can, for example, be formed as discrete metal elements, metal elements formed on molded or shaped circuit boards, metal elements formed on substrates, metal elements formed on flexible circuit boards, or metal elements formed on flexible substrates, without departing from the scope of the present invention. Alternatively, the antennas and antenna elements described below with respect to embodiments of the present invention can be formed as a single part using one or more additive manufacturing methods known in the art.

[0024] Those skilled in the art will understand that the antennas and antenna elements described below with respect to embodiments of the present invention can be used in antennas with different three-dimensional geometries, including but not limited to cylindrical, pyramidal, hemispherical, spherical, and truncated conical shapes, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0025] Table 1 below lists the operating frequencies of civilian and military single-band and dual-band GNSS receivers. These systems include BeiDou, Galileo, GLONASS, GPS, and NAVIC. BeiDou, Galileo, GLONASS, and GPS provide dual-band operation in the 1150MHz-1610MHz frequency range. Therefore, GNSS antennas supporting both bands need to support a larger 140MHz bandwidth in the lower band (approximately 1.160GHz to 1.300GHz) and a bandwidth of approximately 51MHz in the higher band (approximately 1.559GHz to 1.610GHz). However, as mentioned above, existing dual-band GNSS antenna designs typically provide a wider bandwidth operation in the higher band than in the lower band. Therefore, the inventors have designed a GNSS antenna design that provides improved bandwidth performance in the lower band, thereby enabling compatible operation with multiple GNSS systems.

[0026] Table 1 also shows the operating frequencies of the satellite phone system, which may increase bandwidth requirements if a dual-purpose antenna is used.

[0027]

[0028]

[0029]

[0030] Table 1: Operating frequencies of GNSS and satellite phone systems (last 1 MHz) For circularly polarized signals used by GNSS satellites, a pair of orthogonally arranged antenna elements are typically employed, where, for the receiver, four electrically connected radio signals from these two antenna elements are combined within a microwave circuit. If these four elements are equidistantly arranged, their relative phases can be considered as 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°, respectively. In the following description, a single inventive antenna element is described, but those skilled in the art will readily understand that these elements can be used as antenna elements in a pair of antenna elements to form an antenna for circularly polarized signals.

[0031] Now for reference Figure 1 , Figure 1 Exemplary cross-sectional, end view, and top view schematic diagrams of an inventive broadband antenna 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention are depicted, the antenna being referenced above. Figure 1 The principles and operations described.

[0032] Therefore, a first element 110A and a second element 110B of a dipole on a carrier 160 are depicted, having traces through an opening in a ground plane (GP) 150 to a feed point (FP) 120. The first element 110A and the second element 110B are disposed above and parallel to the plane of the GP 150 and coupled to the FP 120. A first ground element 130A is disposed at the end of the first element 110A remote from the FP 120, coupled to the ground plane 150 and separated from the end of the first element 110A by a first gap. A second ground element 130B is disposed at the end of the second element 110B remote from the FP 120, coupled to the GP 150 and separated from the end of the second element 110B by a second gap. The first gap and the second gap are generally designed to be equal.

[0033] Parasitic elements (PE) 140 are also depicted, disposed parallel to the first element 110A and the second element 110B, respectively, wherein PE 140 is disposed adjacent to the first element 110A and the second element 110B, further away than GP 150. A first end of PE 140 is separated from the first grounding element 130A by a third gap. A second distal end of PE 140 is separated from the second grounding element 130B by a fourth gap. The third and fourth gaps are generally equal. As shown in the end view, the first grounding element 130A is a conductive surface. It is clearly visible from the top view that the metallization layer of PE 140 is located on the carrier 170. The third and fourth gaps are generally designed to be equal.

[0034] As will become apparent from the following description, simulations, etc., the inventive antenna element according to embodiments of the present invention provides a wider bandwidth and improved gain and axial ratio at low elevation angles compared to other antenna forms of similar size and format (e.g., patch antenna elements).

[0035] For illustrative purposes, it is useful to describe and consider the geometry of various embodiments of the inventive antenna of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which PE 140 is employed. Each embodiment can be considered as including an antenna loop (AL) comprising GP 150, PE 140 being located away from and substantially parallel to said GP 150, wherein PE 140 is coupled to GP 150 at each of its distal ends via a pair of grounding elements (GE), namely a first grounding element 130A and a second grounding element 130B, and PE 140 is further coupled to a dipole comprising a first element 110A and a second element 110B. This dipole is further coupled to a balanced feed point (FP), namely FP 120, and these elements combine to effectively transmit and receive linearly polarized signals over a wide frequency range. Each embodiment is also further described according to an abstract antenna plane (AP) orthogonal to GP and disposed at the midline of the long axis of said PE, the midpoint of said PE being defined as the antenna center (AC).

[0036] The innovative circularly polarized antenna (CP) uses two such... Figure 1 The illustrated inventive linearly polarized antenna element implementation has a common GP 150 and a first antenna loop (AL) and a second antenna loop (AL) that are orthogonal to each other and both orthogonal to GP 150, has a common AC, and a summing device for summing the electrical signals generated by the two FPs at the receiver in a phase-orthogonal manner.

[0037] For consideration and calculation, a plane circularly polarized (CP) wave can be decomposed into two linearly polarized waves with a common Poynting vector and orthogonal phases. The vectors and rotation direction (right-hand or left-hand) of the superimposed waves are determined by the sign of the orthogonal phase difference. Furthermore, for any circularly polarized plane wave, the decomposition axis of the electromagnetic field of the linearly polarized wave is arbitrary; any choice is equally valid. Moreover, all azimuths relative to GP 150 are equivalent, thus extrapolation and generalization of the effects derived by considering the incident wave "perpendicular" to the AP are valid.

[0038] Those skilled in the art can understand the basis for improved gain and axial ratio at low elevation angles by considering, respectively, the inventive linearly polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the invention or the inventive circularly polarized antenna consisting of two orthogonal linearly polarized antennas according to another embodiment of the invention, for planar linearly polarized waves incident under different Poynting vector and field axis configurations.

[0039] In the first case, consider a planar linearly polarized wave incident on an inventive antenna according to an embodiment of the invention, its Poynting vector parallel to GP 150 and PE 140. This incident wave is further characterized in that its associated electric field is orthogonal to GP 150. Therefore, the associated magnetic field will be parallel to GP 150 and orthogonal to AP, such that AL will contain the magnetic flux of the incident planar linearly polarized wave, and an electromotive force (emf) will be generated due to the induced loop current, which will couple to antenna FP 120. The electric field of the incident planar linearly polarized wave is orthogonal to PE 140 and therefore does not contribute to the received signal.

[0040] In the second case, consider a planar linearly polarized wave incident on an inventive antenna according to an embodiment of the invention, whose Poynting vector is parallel to GP 150 and orthogonal to PE 140. This incident wave is further characterized in that its associated electric field is parallel to PE 140. Therefore, an eMF will be induced in PE and coupled to the antenna FP. Since the associated magnetic field of the incident planar linearly polarized wave is parallel to AP, the magnetic field will not induce a current in AL and therefore will not contribute to any received signal.

[0041] In the third case, consider a planar linearly polarized wave incident on the inventive antenna according to an embodiment of the invention, such that its Poynting vector is orthogonal to GP 150 and PE 140. This incident wave is further characterized by its electric field being orthogonal to AP. Therefore, no constructive eMF is induced in PE 140, and since the magnetic field of the incident wave will be parallel to AP, no current is induced in AL, thus no signal power is coupled to the antenna FP.

[0042] In the fourth case, consider a planar linearly polarized wave incident on the inventive antenna according to an embodiment of the invention, such that its Poynting vector is orthogonal to GP 150 and PE 140, and the incident wave is further characterized in that its electric field is parallel to PE 140. Therefore, an eMF will be induced in PE and coupled to the antenna FP. Furthermore, AL will contain the associated magnetic flux and will also generate an eMF coupled to the antenna FP; thus, both the associated electric and magnetic fields contribute to the received signal.

[0043] The CP antenna (e.g., which can be used to receive signals from a satellite) can be implemented by using two linearly polarized antennas orthogonally arranged relative to each other and GP150, each conforming to the previously described inventive antenna embodiment, wherein the PE (linear, planar or three-dimensional element) of the respective antenna is arranged above (and parallel to) GP150.

[0044] In the fifth case, the CP wave is incident on the CP antenna, and its Poynting vector is orthogonal to GP 150 at the zenith (directly above in typical use). For convenience, the electric field axis of the first component of the CP wave is further considered to be parallel to PE 140, one of the first antenna elements. Therefore, the first linearly polarized component of the CP wave will be incident on the first antenna according to the fourth case described above. Thus, the electric and magnetic fields of both components contribute to the signal generated at the first FP. Similarly, the second linearly polarized component of the CP wave will be incident on the second orthogonal antenna according to the fourth case described above. Therefore, the received signal at the second FP of the second antenna element will include contributions from the electric and magnetic fields of the second component of the CP wave.

[0045] In the sixth case, the CP wave is incident on the CP antenna, its Poynting vector parallel to GP 150 (located on the horizon in typical use) and parallel to PE 140 of the first linearly polarized antenna. Furthermore, the electric field axis of the first component of the CP wave is considered orthogonal to GP 150. Therefore, only the magnetic field contributes to the received signal at the first FP. Similarly, the received signal at the second FP will be contributed only by the electric field of the second component of the CP wave. Thus, with appropriate dimensions, the magnetic and electrical responses can be made equal for CP waves incident on the horizon, effectively reducing the axial ratio of the CPO antenna at the horizon.

[0046] It should be understood that the third case considered above indicates that each axis of the circularly polarized antenna implemented by two orthogonal linearly polarized antenna elements according to embodiments of the present invention is electrically isolated from each other, which is a necessary condition for receiving CP signals.

[0047] refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 Exemplary cross-sectional, end, and top view schematic diagrams of an inventive broadband antenna 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention are depicted, the antenna being referenced above. Figure 1 The principles and operations described.

[0048] Therefore, a first element 210A and a second element 210B of a dipole on a carrier 260 are depicted, having traces through an opening in a ground plane (GP) 250 to a feed point (FP) 220. The first element 210A and the second element 210B are orthogonal to and parallel to the plane of the GP 250 and coupled to the FP 220. A first grounding element 230A is provided at the end of the first element 210A away from its connection to the FP 220, coupled to the ground plane 250 and separated from the end of the first element 210A by a first gap. A second grounding element 230B is provided at the end of the second element 210B away from its connection to the FP 220, coupled to the GP 250 and separated from the end of the second element 210B by a second gap. The first gap and the second gap are generally designed to be equal.

[0049] Parasitic element (PE) 240 is also depicted, wherein a first end of PE 240 is spaced apart from a first grounding element 230A by a third gap. A second distal end of PE 240 is spaced apart from a second grounding element 230B by a fourth gap. The third and fourth gaps are typically designed to be equal. As shown, the first grounding element 230A, PE 240, and second grounding element 230B are now all disposed on a common carrier 270, which is shaped to provide a curved profile.

[0050] Refer to the above Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the described embodiments of the invention, the structure is described as having a ratio of dipole distance from the ground plane (e.g.) Figure 1 The grounding plate 150 or Figure 2 Parasitic elements further away from the ground plane 250 (e.g., the ground plane 250) Figure 1 Parasitic element 140 or Figure 2 Parasitic element 240 in the antenna. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the antenna structure described and depicted according to embodiments of the present invention can also be implemented with the parasitic element closer to the ground plane than the dipole.

[0051] Now for reference Figure 3 , Figure 3 An exemplary cross-sectional schematic diagram of an inventive antenna 300 according to an embodiment of the present invention is depicted.

[0052] refer to Figure 3In the antenna 300, the first dipole element 330A and the second dipole element 330B of the dipole are disposed on a first side of a carrier 320 (e.g., a PCB). By using a carrier 320 with a dielectric constant higher than that of air, the spacing between the dipole and the first and second grounding elements 360A and 360B can be reduced while maintaining the desired coupling characteristics between the dipole and the first and second grounding elements 360A and 360B, thereby allowing a reduction in the height of the antenna 300. The carrier 320 is supported at its center by a feed section 340 having feed lines for the first and second dipole elements 330A and 330B of the dipole; for clarity, the electrical connections between these feed lines and the first and second elements 330A and 330B of the dipole are omitted.

[0053] The first and second grounding elements 360A and 360B are disposed around the periphery of the antenna 300 and are formed by another carrier or multiple carriers on which a ground plane 310 is disposed. In other embodiments of the invention, the ground plane 310 can be used without a carrier, such that the first and second grounding elements 360A and 360B are simply discrete ground planes 310. Optionally, the ground plane 310 can be disposed on the inner surface of each of the first and second grounding elements 360A and 360B.

[0054] The first grounding element 360A extends a predetermined distance above the first dipole element 330A, such that the ground plane 310 extends another predetermined distance above the first dipole element 330A, which may be the same as or different from the predetermined distance. Similarly, the second grounding element 360B extends a predetermined distance above the second dipole element 330B, such that the ground plane 310 extends another predetermined distance above the second dipole element 330B. In this way, the microwave / RF performance of the first and second dipole elements 330A and 33B is adjusted according to the degree of overlap between the ground plane 310 and them, thereby enhancing the antenna gain of the antenna 300 for the desired operating frequency and / or for a specific elevation range. For example, the antenna 300 may be designed to operate in the uplink and / or downlink bands of a GNSS system (such as INMARSAT), where a pair of dual orthogonal antennas 2000 are used to support the required right-hand circular polarization. For INMARSAT, the uplink band is 1626.5 - 1660.5 MHz, while the downlink band is 1525.0 - 1559.0 MHz, placing them on either side of the GPS L1 signal (operating at 1.563-1.587 GHz).

[0055] refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 An exemplary cross-sectional schematic diagram of an inventive antenna 400 according to an embodiment of the present invention is depicted. In the antenna 400, Figure 3The first dipole element 330A and the second dipole element 330B of the dipole disposed on the carrier 320 have been replaced by the first and second elements 110A and 110B of the dipole on the carrier 160 of the antenna 100. The first and second elements 110A and 110B are coupled to FP 120.

[0056] In either case, Figure 3 and Figure 4 The designs of antennas 300 and 400 do not contain parasitic elements (e.g. Figure 1 Parasitic element 140 or Figure 2 Parasitic element 240 in the middle). The inventors have determined that, based on Figure 1 and Figure 2 Embodiments of the design methods for antennas 100 and 200 can be used to meet applications with first-range performance requirements and / or first-range mechanical requirements, while Figure 3 and Figure 4 The design methods for antennas 300 and 400 can be used to meet applications with second-range performance requirements and / or second-range mechanical requirements. In other applications with third-range performance requirements and / or third-range mechanical requirements, the design methods for antennas 100 and 200, as well as antennas 300 and 400, can be used simultaneously to meet the target requirements.

[0057] Each embodiment is further described according to an abstract antenna plane (AP) orthogonal to GP 350 and positioned at the midpoint of the long axis of each dipole formed by the first and second elements 110A and 110B, which is defined as the antenna center (AC). The inventive circularly polarized antenna (CP) utilizes two... Figure 4 The illustrated inventive linearly polarized antenna element implementation has a common GP 350 and a first AL and a second AL, which are orthogonal to each other and both orthogonal to the GP 350, a common AC, and a summing device (or a splitting device for generating phase-orthogonal offset electrical signals for each FP of the transmitter) for summing the electrical signals generated by the two FPs at the receiver in a phase-orthogonal manner.

[0058] For consideration and calculation, a plane circularly polarized (CP) wave can be decomposed into two linearly polarized waves with a common Poynting vector and orthogonal phases. The vectors and rotation direction (right-hand or left-hand) of the superimposed waves are determined by the sign of the orthogonal phase difference. Furthermore, for any circularly polarized plane wave, the decomposition axis of the electromagnetic field of the linearly polarized wave is arbitrary; any choice is equally valid. Moreover, all azimuths relative to GP 150 are equivalent, thus extrapolation and generalization of the effects derived by considering the incident wave "perpendicular" to the AP are valid.

[0059] Those skilled in the art can understand the basis for improved gain and axial ratio at low elevation angles by considering, respectively, the inventive linearly polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the invention or the inventive circularly polarized antenna consisting of two orthogonal linearly polarized antennas according to another embodiment of the invention, for planar linearly polarized waves incident under different Poynting vector and field axis configurations.

[0060] In the first case, consider a planar linearly polarized wave incident on an inventive antenna according to an embodiment of the invention, its Poynting vector parallel to GP 350 and the first and second elements 110A and 110B. This incident wave is further characterized in that its associated electric field is orthogonal to GP 350. Therefore, the associated magnetic field will be parallel to GP 350 and orthogonal to AP, such that AL will contain the magnetic flux of the incident planar linearly polarized wave, and an emf will be generated due to the induced loop current, which will couple to the antenna FP 120. The electric field of the incident planar linearly polarized wave is orthogonal to the first and second elements 110A and 110B, and therefore does not contribute to the received signal.

[0061] In the second case, consider a planar linearly polarized wave incident on an inventive antenna according to an embodiment of the invention, whose Poynting vector is parallel to GP 350 and orthogonal to the first and second elements 110A and 110B. This incident wave is further characterized in that its associated electric field is parallel to the first and second elements 110A and 110B. Therefore, an electric field (EMF) will be induced in the first and second elements 110A and 110B and coupled to the antenna FP. Since the associated magnetic field of the incident planar linearly polarized wave is parallel to AP, the magnetic field will not induce a current in AL and therefore will not contribute to any received signal.

[0062] In the third case, consider a planar linearly polarized wave incident on the inventive antenna according to an embodiment of the invention, such that its Poynting vector is orthogonal to GP 350 and the first and second elements 110A and 110B. This incident wave is further characterized by its electric field being orthogonal to AP. Therefore, no phase extension eMF is induced in the first and second elements 110A and 110B, and since the magnetic field of the incident wave will be parallel to AP, no current is induced in AL, thus no signal power is coupled to the antenna FP.

[0063] In a fourth case, consider a planar linearly polarized wave incident on an inventive antenna according to an embodiment of the invention, such that its Poynting vector is orthogonal to GP 350 and to the first and second elements 110A and 110B. This incident wave is further characterized in that its electric field is parallel to the first and second elements 110A and 110B. Therefore, an electric field flux (EMF) will be induced in the electric field field (PE) and coupled to the antenna field (FP). Furthermore, the magnetic field field (AL) will contain the associated magnetic flux and will also generate an EMF coupled to the antenna field (FP), thus both the associated electric and magnetic fields contribute to the received signal.

[0064] A CP antenna, for example, which can be used to receive signals from a satellite, can be implemented by using two linearly polarized antennas orthogonally arranged relative to each other and to the GP350, each linearly polarized antenna conforming to the previously described inventive antenna embodiment, wherein the PE (linear, planar, or three-dimensional element) of the respective antenna is arranged above (and parallel to) the GP350.

[0065] In the fifth case, the CP wave is incident on the CP antenna, and its Poynting vector is orthogonal to GP 350 at the zenith (directly above in typical use). For convenience, the electric field axis of the first component of the CP wave is further considered to be parallel to the first and second antenna elements 110A and 110B. Then, the first linearly polarized component of the CP wave will be incident on the first antenna according to the fourth case described above. Therefore, the electric and magnetic fields of both components contribute to the signal generated at the first FP. Similarly, the second linearly polarized component of the CP wave will be incident on the second orthogonal antenna according to the fourth case described above. Therefore, the received signal at the second FP of the second antenna element will include contributions from the electric and magnetic fields of the second component of the CP wave.

[0066] In the sixth case, the CP wave is incident on the CP antenna, its Poynting vector parallel to GP 350 (located on the horizon in typical use) and parallel to the first and second elements 110A and 110B of the first linearly polarized antenna. Furthermore, the electric field axis of the first component of the CP wave is considered orthogonal to GP 350. Therefore, only the magnetic field contributes to the received signal at the first FP. Similarly, the received signal at the second FP will be contributed only by the electric field of the second component of the CP wave. Thus, with appropriate dimensions, the magnetic and electrical responses can be made equal for a CP wave incident on the horizon, effectively reducing the axial ratio of the CPO antenna at the horizon.

[0067] It should be understood that the third case considered above indicates that each axis of the circularly polarized antenna implemented by two orthogonal linearly polarized antenna elements according to embodiments of the present invention is electrically isolated from each other, which is a necessary condition for receiving CP signals.

[0068] Now for reference Figure 5 , Figure 5 A perspective view of an inventive antenna 500 according to an embodiment of the present invention is depicted, the antenna employing a pair of orthogonally mounted antennas 400 (e.g., Figure 4 As shown, this provides an antenna for circularly polarized signals.

[0069] A first antenna element, i.e., a first example of antenna 400, includes a first dipole formed by a first dipole element 520A and a second dipole element 520B, which are orthogonal to and parallel to a ground plane (GP) 540. The first dipole element 520A and the second dipole element 520B are coupled to a first feed point via one or more methods known in the art. The first dipole element 520A is coupled to a first feed section 560, and the second dipole element 520B is coupled to a second feed section (not visible in the perspective view), wherein the first feed section 560 and the second feed section include external connections to the dipole feed point. A first ground element 510A and a second ground element 510B are also depicted in association with the first dipole element 520A and the second dipole element 520B. The first ground element 510A and the second ground element 510B extend over the first dipole element 520A and the second dipole element 520B, respectively, and are each coupled to a ground plane 540. The first grounding element 510A and the second grounding element 510B are depicted as being directly electrically coupled to the ground plane 540, but in other embodiments of the invention, they may be electromagnetically coupled.

[0070] The second antenna element, a second example of antenna 400, includes a second dipole formed by a third dipole element 550A and a fourth dipole element 550B, which are orthogonal to and parallel to the ground plane (GP) 540. The third dipole element 550A and the second dipole element 550B are coupled to a second feed point via one or more methods known in the art. The third dipole element 550A is coupled to a third feed section 570, and the fourth dipole element 550B is coupled to a fourth feed section (not visible in the perspective view), wherein the third feed section 570 and the fourth feed section include external connections to the second dipole feed point. A third ground element 510C and a fourth ground element 510D are also depicted in association with the third dipole element 550A and the fourth dipole element 550B. The third ground element 510C and the fourth ground element 510D extend over the third dipole element 550A and the fourth dipole element 550B, respectively, and are each coupled to the ground plane 540. The third grounding element 510C and the fourth grounding element 510D are depicted as being directly electrically coupled to the ground plane 540, but in other embodiments of the invention, they may be electromagnetically coupled.

[0071] Refer to the above Figures 1 to 5In the described embodiments of the invention, the antenna structure can be designed and intended to be such that the first gap and the third gap are equal, and the second gap and the fourth gap are equal, or the first gap and the third gap are different, and the second gap and the fourth gap are different. In each case, the antenna structure is designed and intended to be such that the first gap and the second gap are equal, and the third gap and the fourth gap are equal. However, those skilled in the art will understand that manufacturing tolerances may result in variations in the single axis (e.g., for CP antennas) Figure 5 As shown), the first and second gaps are not equal, and / or the third and fourth gaps are not equal. Furthermore, the first and / or second gaps between one axis and another of the CP antenna may differ, and the third and / or fourth gaps between one axis and another may also differ.

[0072] Therefore, as will become apparent below with respect to embodiments of the present invention, the inventors have developed techniques for addressing these manufacturing tolerances and their impact on antenna performance.

[0073] refer to Figure 6A , Figure 6A An exploded perspective view 600A depicts an inventive CP antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the CP antenna 600 includes a flexible circuit (FLEX) 610 that provides physical support for ground plane elements of first and second grounding elements 360A and 360B associated with each orthogonal dipole (i.e., first dipole 630A and second dipole 630B). Thus, the FLEX 610 has four ground planes on each of its end arms. A support member 620 is disposed between a pair of assembled orthogonal dipoles (first dipole 630A and second dipole 630B) and engages features on the upper surfaces of the first dipoles 630A and second dipoles 630B to hold them in position at the support member 620. Other features on the lower edges of the first dipoles 630A and second dipoles 630B engage with corresponding features on a base 650 to maintain the first dipoles 630A and second dipoles 630B in an orthogonal position. The interlocking design of the first dipole 630A and the second dipole 630B, along with the combination of the base 650 and the support 620, also provides that the first dipole 630A and the second dipole 630B are orthogonal to the base 650. The base 650 includes a lower ground plane, for example... Figure 3 GP 350, for example, is located on the distal lower surface opposite the antenna element assembly surface. The first dipole 630A and the second dipole 630B also engage with the mounting member 640, which facilitates assembly, thereby improving manufacturability, and, as described below, can provide tuning to improve the repeatability of antenna performance.

[0074] Now for reference Figure 6B , Figure 6BA top view 600B of FLEX 610 in planar form is depicted, at which point it has not yet been formed on the first dipole 630A, the second dipole 630B and the support 620, and has not yet been attached to the base 650 by the first and second tabs 615A and 615B inserted into the opening 655 inside the base 650. Figure 6A and 6B The variant of FLEX 610 depicted in mid-views 600A and 600B includes a pair of first tabs 615A and second tabs 650B. The second tab 650B is slightly longer than the first tab 615A and has a through opening, although in other embodiments of the invention, each tab in a set of tabs at the distal end of the FLEX 610 lobe may be designed as either the first tab 615A or the second tab 615B.

[0075] refer to Figure 6C , Figure 6C A top view 600C depicts the flexible circuit 610B, which is... Figure 6A and 6B A variant of the FLEX 610 depicted herein. The flexible circuit 610B has a pair of shaped tabs 615C at the distal end of each lobe. From Figure 6D and 6E It is evident that these shaped tabs 615C are inserted into the openings 655 within the base 650. These tabs are shaped such that the shaped tabs 615C can be inserted, and then the flexibility in the flexible circuit 610B pushes the flaps toward the outer edge of the base 650 and into the openings 655, wherein the protrusions on the outer edge of the openings 655 engage with the shaped tabs 615C, so that the distal end of the flaps of the flexible circuit 610B remains in place and does not spring back from the openings 655.

[0076] Now for reference Figure 7A , Figure 7A A perspective view of the assembled inventive CP antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention is depicted, such as... Figure 6A As shown. Therefore, FLEX 610, support 620, first dipole 630A, second dipole 630B and mounting 640 are depicted as being assembled onto base 650.

[0077] The lower edge of each arm of FLEX 610 is depicted with a mechanical structure similar to that described by the inventor in PCT / CA2020 / 051188 (published as WO / 2021 / 046,635) to provide a PCB for the dipole, which supports a mounting piece on which a grounding element metallization layer is provided, so that the ground plane on FLEX 610 can be directly soldered to the ground plane on the lower surface of the base 650.

[0078] Optionally, FLEX 610 may have additional mechanical structures, such as those described and depicted by the inventors in U.S. Provisional Patent 63 / 499,088, that provide mechanical engagement between FLEX 610 and the first dipole 630A and / or the second dipole 630B.

[0079] refer to Figures 7B to 7D , Figures 7B to 7D Depicting according to Figures 6A-6E The inventive CP antenna of this embodiment of the invention shown features alternative ground plane interconnects to improve manufacturability and reproducibility of the assembled antenna. As shown, the lower edge of the FLEX 610 has three protrusions (tabs) with metallized layers that extend through the base 650. Figure 7A In this case, only the central protrusion is welded to the base mounting plate 655 on the lower side of the base 650. In contrast, in Figure 7C In the middle, both outer protrusions are connected, while... Figure 7D In the middle, only one of the outer pair of protrusions is connected.

[0080] Therefore, adjusting the weld connection from the ground plane on FLEX 610 to the base ground plane 655 results in different high-frequency current paths flowing in the corresponding AL of the antenna, which includes the ground plane on FLEX 610, the base ground plane 655, and the associated feed section and the first / second element of the dipole. These weld connection-based adjustments achieve a certain degree of tuning of the dipole arm by adjusting the AL of the dipole arm, i.e., tuning the first element 110A and the second element 110B according to which end of the carrier 160 is undergoing weld connection adjustment. Therefore, it is evident that different weld connections can be used for the first element 110A and the second element 110B on one dipole, and these connections can be similar to or different from the weld connections used for the first element 110A and the second element 110B of another orthogonal dipole.

[0081] In other embodiments of the invention, the number of tabs and their positions relative to the center line of the ground metallization layer or other reference points can be varied in different antenna designs to provide different tuning options and configurations.

[0082] refer to Figure 8 , Figure 8 Depicting according to Figures 6A-6E The figures 7A-7D show cross-sectional views of the assembled inventive CP antennas according to embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, this cross-section is along the axis of the first dipole 630A, and thus in... Figure 8 The first dipole 630A is facing forward. The upper connecting element of the second dipole 630B is located on top of the first dipole 630A. Figure 8The upper middle part is visible. For clarity, the support member 640 shown in Figure 6 is omitted. The first dipole 630A has openings at its lowest edge, which fit over the mounting member 640, which is also assembled onto the base 650. At the upper end of the first dipole 630A is a protrusion 810 that passes through the opening 820 in the FLEX 610. From the description below... Figures 12 to 14 It will become apparent that the protrusion 810 has corresponding dipole elements constituting the first dipole 630A (e.g., Figure 1 A portion of the metallization layer of the first and second elements 110 and 110B in the FLEX 610 supports the welding of the metallization pattern on the FLEX 610 to the protrusion 810, thereby forming a mechanical interface between the first dipole 630A and the FLEX 610.

[0083] and Figure 8 Similar cross-sections that are orthogonal and off-center from the antenna centerline, such as Figure 9 As shown. Therefore, the second dipole 630B is depicted as spanning, with the vertical portion of the first dipole 630A centered relative to the second dipole 630B. The first dipole 630A extends vertically through the mounting member 640. A support member 620 is depicted in this section, providing mechanical alignment of the upper edges of the first dipole 630A and the second dipole 630B relative to each other. The alignment of the first dipole 630A and the second dipole 630B is also provided by the mounting member 640 and its tabs that insert into the inner groove of the base 650. Although the metallization layer on the FLEX 610 is omitted for clarity, the protrusion 810 and the opening 820 are also visible.

[0084] refer to Figure 10 , Figure 10 Describes the formation basis Figures 6A to 9 The following are examples of mounting and tuning elements for a portion of the inventive CP antenna in various embodiments of the present invention. The mounting element, such as mounting element 640 in FIG. 6, has orthogonal slots and features to engage a dipole, for example... Figure 6A The first dipole 630A and the second dipole 630B are shown in Figure 6, respectively. As will become apparent from the following description, the specific design and / or materials of the mounting-tuning elements provide a certain degree of tuning and / or decoupling for this pair of orthogonal dipoles (e.g., the first dipole 630A and the second dipole 630B shown in Figure 6, respectively).

[0085] Now for reference Figure 11 , Figure 11 Depicting according to Figures 6A to 10 The following are side views of the assembled inventive CP antenna according to embodiments of the present invention. Again, the support member 620 is omitted for clarity. Thus, on the left, a first protrusion 810A on the dipole 1110 is depicted, protruding through an opening within the FLEX 610. The dipole 1110 can be, for example... Figure 6A The first dipole 630A in Figure 6A The second dipole 630B or Figure 1 The carrier 160 has first and second elements 110A and 110B.

[0086] On the right side, a second protrusion 810B of the orthogonal dipole is depicted, protruding through an opening 820 within the FLEX 610. A first metallization layer 1120 is disposed around the opening 820. The first metallization layer 1120 is separated from the ground plane (GP) metallization layer 1140 of the FLEX 610 by a FLEX opening 1130 within the GP metallization layer, thereby electrically isolating the first metallization layer 1120 from the GP metallization layer 1140.

[0087] However, by soldering the metallization layer on the second protrusion 810B to the first metallization layer 1120, the FLEX 610 is mechanically coupled to the carrier of the dipole. Therefore, the capacitance of the dipole element (including the metallization layer on the second protrusion 810B) to the GP metallization layer 1140 is determined by the design (e.g., size and geometry) of the FLEX opening 1130, located between the first metallization layer 1120 and the GP metallization layer 1140. Thus, in addition to mechanically connecting each dipole to the FLEX 610, the depicted design allows for control over the capacitance from each dipole element to ground and improves repeatability during antenna manufacturing.

[0088] refer to Figure 12 , Figure 12 Depicting according to Figures 6A to 11 The photographs shown depict the mounting of the dipole (specifically, protrusion 810) of the inventive CP antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention with a carrier (e.g., the insulating underlayer mechanical support of FLEX 610), on which a GP metallization layer 1140 is formed. The solder 1210 between the protrusion 810 and the metallization layer around the opening is evident. As previously described, this design improves manufacturability and provides improved repeatability of the assembled antenna by mechanically limiting the capacitance between the dipole element and the upper ground plane of FLEX 610.

[0089] Figure 12 Additional markings 1220 are clearly visible within the GP metallization layer 1140. These markings allow for adjustment of the FLEX opening 1130 after FLEX 610 manufacturing or antenna assembly. For example, this can be achieved by mechanically scrubbing the GP metallization layer using the markings 1220 as a guide. Alternatively, methods such as laser cutting or laser ablation can be employed. In this way, for example, the capacitance from the dipole element to ground can be adjusted after assembly.

[0090] Now for reference Figure 13 , Figure 13 Depicting according to Figures 6A to 12 The inventive CP antenna of the present invention, as shown in the respective embodiments, employs a carrier-based dipole. As illustrated, the dipole includes a first element 1330 extending from a first protrusion 810A to a first feed portion 1340; and a second element 1360 extending from a second protrusion 810B to a second feed portion 1350. The first feed portion 1340 and the second feed portion 1350 are coupled to feed connection portions 1320 and 1330, respectively, forming the feed point (FP) of the dipole.

[0091] refer to Figure 14 , Figure 14 Flexible circuits (e.g.) are depicted Figure 6A FLEX 610 (in which), provides a grounding plate (e.g. Figure 11 The flexible circuit supports the grounding element of the inventive CP antenna according to embodiments of the invention shown in Figures 6 to 13. The insert illustrations show the opening 820, the first metallization layer 1120, the FLEX opening 1130, and the GP metallization layer 1140 in each arm. Thus, the pairs of these arms are used in conjunction with each of a pair of dipoles in the CP antenna.

[0092] Now for reference Figure 15A and 15B , Figure 15A and Figure 15B Depicting Figure 10 A variation of the mounting-tuning element in which it is used, for example Figures 6A to 14 The creative CP antenna shown aims to support improved manufacturability and improved reproducibility of assembled antennas. Figure 15A The first mounting 1510 is depicted, which provides the same dipole mechanical support as mounting 640 in Figure 6. Similarly, in Figure 15B The second mounting 1520 is depicted, which also provides the same dipole mechanical support as the mounting 640 in Figure 6.

[0093] The upper edge of the first mounting member 1510 has a first gap H1 between it and the lower edge of the metallization layer of the dipole element. The upper edge of the second mounting member 1520 has a second gap H2 between it and the lower edge of the metallization layer of the dipole element. Therefore, the first mounting member 1510 and the second mounting member 1520 cover the vertical feed section (e.g., Figure 13 Different parts of the first power supply section 1340 and the second power supply section 1350.

[0094] It is known that for example Figures 1 to 15BThe production of the antenna elements of the inventive CP antenna described and illustrated is subject to variability due to varying tolerances in different manufacturing processes and assembly processes. Therefore, the inventors determined that the position of the dipole center relative to the antenna's mechanical center varies depending on the mechanical tolerances of the cutting / isolating dipole carrier. Similarly, the tolerances forming the base 650 and FLEX 610, combined with the mechanical offset of the dipole element on its carrier, result in an offset of the dipole relative to the CP antenna and FLEX 610.

[0095] exist Figures 6A to 15B In the image, a protrusion on the carrier supporting the metallization layer of the dipole element (the protrusion being electrically connected to the metallization layer around an opening within the FLEX610 and extending through that opening) is depicted as located at the upper distal end of the dipole element. Figure 17 In this design, the protrusion is located at the lower distal end, but it is obvious that other designs can be employed without departing from the scope of the invention. In some embodiments of the invention, such designs may include multiple protrusions and multiple openings within the FLEX 610, wherein one or all of such protrusions and openings are employed. Optionally, one or a subset may be used to provide adjustment of antenna performance.

[0096] about Figures 6A to 15B The embodiments of the invention described and depicted in 17, according to an alternative description, can be considered as including a printed circuit, another printed circuit, and a pair of grounding elements. The printed circuit includes a dipole element disposed on an insulating substrate, having a centrally located feed connection, wherein at each distal end of the dipole element relative to the centrally located feed connection, a metallization layer of the dipole element extends onto a protruding extension of the printed circuit.

[0097] Another printed circuit has a ground plane arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the dipole element and offset relative to the longitudinal axis by a predetermined amount. Regarding this pair of ground elements, each ground element has a predetermined length and width, is metallized on an insulating substrate, and is disposed at the distal end of the dipole element. This insulating substrate may be common to the pair of ground elements, or, in another embodiment of the invention, may be a pair of insulating substrates.

[0098] Each of the pair of grounding elements has its first end electrically connected to a ground plane on another printed circuit board. Each grounding element in the pair includes a hole in its insulating substrate surrounded by a metallized region isolated from the metallization layer of the grounding element by one or more defined gaps. Each metallized protrusion of the printed circuit board at the distal end of the dipole element is inserted into the hole of the corresponding grounding element in the pair, and the metallization layer of the dipole element at the distal end of the dipole element is directly electrically connected to the metallization region of the corresponding grounding element in the pair. Optionally, the printed circuit board protrusion at the distal end of the dipole element may protrude through the hole of the corresponding grounding element in the associated pair of grounding elements.

[0099] The metallized region of each grounding element, along with one or more defined gaps between the grounding element and the metallized region, defines the characteristic capacitance between each dipole of the dipole element and ground, thereby reducing or ideally eliminating manufacturing and / or assembly deviations in the capacitance between the dipole and ground. In embodiments of the invention, the one or more gaps may be a single gap, for example, a circular metallized region with a constant radial gap. In embodiments of the invention, the one or more gaps may be a pair of gaps, for example, a rectangular metallized region having a gap to a grounding element at each end of one axis of the rectangle and another gap to a grounding element along the other axis of the rectangle.

[0100] about Figures 6A to 15B The embodiments of the invention described and depicted in 17, according to an alternative description, can be considered to include a printed circuit, another printed circuit, and a pair of grounding elements. The printed circuit includes dipole elements disposed on an insulating substrate, having a centrally located feed connection, wherein at each distal end away from the centrally located feed connection, a metallization layer of the dipole element extends onto a protruding extension of the printed circuit.

[0101] Another printed circuit has a ground plane arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the dipole element and offset relative to the longitudinal axis by a predetermined amount. Regarding this pair of ground elements, each ground element has a predetermined length and width, is metallized on an insulating substrate, and is located at the distal end of the dipole element. This insulating substrate may be common to the pair of ground elements, or, in another embodiment of the invention, may be a pair of insulating substrates.

[0102] Each of the two grounding elements has a first end electrically connected to a ground plane on another printed circuit board. Each grounding element includes a hole in its insulating substrate surrounded by a metallized region isolated from the metallized portion of the grounding element by one or more defined gaps. Each metallized protrusion of the printed circuit board at the distal end of the dipole element is inserted into the hole of the grounding element in the pair of grounding elements, and the metallization layer of the dipole element at the distal end of the dipole element is directly electrically connected to the metallized region of the grounding element in the pair of grounding elements. Optionally, at the distal end of the dipole element, the protrusion of the printed circuit board may protrude through the hole of the grounding element in the associated pair of grounding elements.

[0103] Therefore, each of the pair of grounding elements radiates excitation to the metallized region of the grounding element in the pair of grounding elements through a defined capacitive reactance. The metallized region of each grounding element defines a characteristic capacitance with one or more defined gaps between it and the grounding element.

[0104] The inventors have determined that the described and depicted dipole antenna comprises a pair of antenna loops, each formed between a dipole arm, a ground plane, and a grounding element extending from the ground plane to the distal end of the dipole arm. This antenna loop is sensitive to variations in radiative coupling between the distal end of the dipole arm and the grounding element due to mechanical tolerances, assembly deviations, etc. Therefore, the inventors have determined that mechanically connecting the circuit board forming the dipole to the grounding element eliminates some deviations, while electrically connecting the dipole to the metallization layer on the grounding element eliminates other deviations, ensuring consistent radiative coupling between the antennas because the capacitive reactance between the dipole arm and the grounding element is defined by one or more gaps between the metallization layer on the grounding element and the metallization layer of the ground plane on the grounding element.

[0105] Therefore, the inventors modified each of the pair of grounding elements such that it is coupled through a metallized region of the grounding element to a metallized protrusion extension on the printed circuit board at a different end of the dipole, the metallized region being isolated from the ground plane metallization layer of the grounding element by the one or more defined gaps. The metallized protrusion extension is electrically connected to the metallized region of the grounding element. If soldered, this electrical connection between the metallized protrusion extension and the metallized region of the grounding element provides both a mechanical and an electrical connection.

[0106] about Figures 6A to 15BThe embodiments of the invention described and depicted in paragraphs 17, according to an alternative description, can be considered as including a printed circuit board (PCB), a base grounding PCB, first and second metallized grounding elements, and first and second predetermined capacitive reactances. The PCB provides an insulating substrate on which dipole elements are disposed, having feed terminals for connection to a balanced feed network, wherein the metallization layer of the dipole includes a first terminal forming part of the feed terminal, a second terminal forming another part of the feed terminal, and extends at each distal end of the dipole element to a third and a fourth terminal.

[0107] The base grounding PCB has a planar geometry, and its metallization layer provides a ground plane for the antenna. This ground plane has a dimension along the longitudinal axis of the dipole element along the PCB insulating substrate, the dimension being determined based on the length of the dipole element along this longitudinal axis. The base grounding PCB is arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the dipole element and offset by a predetermined offset. First and second metallized grounding elements are metallized on the insulating substrate, each having a first end and a second distal end, each having a predetermined length and width. The first end is electrically connected to the base grounding PCB at one or more points laterally arranged on the base grounding PCB, and its second distal end is arranged adjacent to the distal end of the dipole element.

[0108] A first predetermined capacitor reactance is connected between the third terminal of the dipole element and the second distal end of the first metallized ground element, while a second predetermined capacitor reactance is connected between the fourth terminal of the dipole element and the second distal end of the second metallized ground element. A balanced feed network provides the same antipodal feed signal at the first and second terminals, wherein this antenna configuration effectively provides a miniaturized antenna and improved wide-bandwidth impedance at the first and second terminals.

[0109] In an embodiment of the invention, the first metallized grounding element includes a first metallized layer isolated from a second metallized layer extending from a first end to a second distal end, and the second metallized grounding element includes a third metallized layer isolated from a fourth metallized layer extending from the first end to the second distal end. In this embodiment, the third terminal of the dipole element is directly electrically connected to the first metallized layer, the fourth terminal of the dipole element is directly electrically connected to the second metallized layer, the third terminal is mechanically connected to the first metallized grounding element, and the fourth terminal is mechanically connected to the second metallized grounding element. Therefore, the first predetermined capacitive reactance is defined according to the geometry of the gap between the first and second metallized layers, and the second predetermined capacitive reactance is defined according to the geometry of the gap between the third and fourth metallized layers.

[0110] While the mechanical protrusions on the dipole carrier and the electrical connections between the metallization layers on these protrusions and the metallization layers on the FLEX 610 provide improved repeatability of capacitance from the dipole elements to ground, the mechanical offset of the two dipole elements relative to each other results in different capacitances between the opposing elements of the two dipoles, such as... Figure 16 As shown, first image 1600A depicts a perspective view of a pair of orthogonal dipoles. One pair includes first and second dipole elements 1610 and 1620, respectively, and the other pair includes third and fourth dipole elements 1630 and 1640, respectively. Typically, a ground plane is arranged on the opposite side of each carrier of the dipole.

[0111] The second image 1600B depicts the radial capacitance between the dipole elements. Therefore, there is a first capacitance C1 between the first dipole element 1610 and the third dipole element 1630, a second capacitance C2 between the third dipole element 1630 and the second dipole element 1620, a third capacitance C3 between the second dipole element 1620 and the fourth dipole element 1640, and a fourth capacitance C4 between the fourth dipole element 1640 and the first dipole element 1610. When the first and second dipole elements 1610 and 1620 are equidistantly arranged on both sides of the central vertical axis of the cross dipole, and the third and fourth dipole elements 1630 and 1640 are also equidistantly arranged on both sides of the central vertical axis and have the same spacing from the first and second dipole elements 1610 and 1640, the first to fourth capacitances C1 to C4 will be equal. However, as mentioned above, manufacturing tolerances cause offsets in the dipole elements, resulting in the first to fourth capacitors C1 to C4 not being completely equal, thus producing artifacts in the frequency response of the antenna. These artifacts may appear within the frequency response range of the antenna's operating frequency band.

[0112] The resulting deviation of these four capacitors leads to a certain electromagnetic cross-coupling between the orthogonal dipoles, which manifests in the antenna response. Therefore, the inventors determined that providing a material with a higher dielectric constant between the dipoles could shift these artifacts in the antenna response outside the antenna's operating frequency band. Consequently, the mechanical support of the mounting 640 at the bottom is reinforced through the vertical central portion.

[0113] In the third image 1600C, the tuning block 1650 has been positioned, filling a portion of the region between multiple pairs of dipoles. Therefore, due to the material used (i.e., its dielectric constant), the radius of the tuning block 1650, and the distance the tuning block 1650 vertically covers, the first to fourth capacitors C1 to C4 are now adjusted to the fifth to eighth capacitors C5 to C8, respectively. Furthermore, the tuning block 1650 increases the microwave feed loss from the bottom of the carrier to the dipole elements. In this way, artifacts in the antenna frequency response can be removed from the frequency response of the antenna's operating band. In embodiments of the invention, the tuning block 1650 can be as shown in FIG. 6 and as... Figure 10 The described mounting component is 640.

[0114] Alternatively, in other designs, the dipole carrier can be mounted as an element located close to the base (e.g., base 650), with one or more tuning blocks 1650 attached to the base or mounting. Figure 15A and 15B As shown, different vertical heights allow for adjustments to the capacitance and thus the antenna's microwave performance.

[0115] Therefore, the above concept solves the problem of repeatability of antenna performance by reducing manufacturing tolerances and deviations.

[0116] Refer to the above Figures 1 to X In the embodiments of the invention described in X, the structure is primarily described from the perspective of a receiver of microwave or radio frequency (RF) signals. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the antenna structures described and depicted in the embodiments of the invention can be used for transmitters of microwave or RF signals as well as transceivers of microwave or RF signals.

[0117] In embodiments of the invention, a molded component (i.e., a carrier or PCB) for a dipole, a pair of crossed dipoles, or three or more radially arranged dipoles can be designed and formed to be uniformly distributed around the periphery of a surface, and an antenna is formed on this surface. In embodiments of the invention, for a pair of dipoles orthogonally arranged for circularly polarized microwave signals, the molded component can be designed and formed to provide the pair of parasitic elements distributed around and across its surface. In the presented embodiments, the surface can be quasi-rectangular or quasi-hemispherical. However, in other embodiments of the invention, the surface can be a truncated conical surface, an ellipsoidal surface, or another surface defined by a regular polygon, an irregular polygon, or one or more mathematical functions. In other embodiments of the invention, the molded component can be designed and formed to provide N dipole antennas, where N is a positive integer, uniformly distributed around the periphery of a polygonal surface, and an antenna is formed on this polygonal surface.

[0118] Such polygonal surfaces can have 2N or other numbers of edges, although generally more edges result in smaller angle transitions, thereby reducing induced stress and / or fatigue in the formed part. In a similar manner, formed parts with parasitic elements or multiple parasitic elements can be designed in a manner similar to the dipoles described above.

[0119] Those skilled in the art will recognize that these linear elements are electrical conductors (conductors) formed from a combination of suitable conductive materials or alloys and / or laminated conductive materials. Such conductive materials may include, but are not limited to, copper, gold, silver, aluminum, titanium, tungsten, platinum, palladium, and zinc.

[0120] Specific details are set forth in the foregoing description to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it should be understood that these embodiments can be practiced without these specific details. For example, circuits may be shown as block diagrams to avoid obscuring the embodiments with unnecessary details. In other instances, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques may be shown without providing unnecessary details to avoid obscuring the embodiments.

[0121] The foregoing disclosure of exemplary embodiments of the present invention is for illustrative and descriptive purposes only and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many variations and modifications of the embodiments described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the foregoing disclosure. The scope of the invention is defined only by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0122] Furthermore, in describing representative embodiments of the invention, the specification may have presented the methods and / or processes of the invention as having a specific order of steps. However, the method or process should not be limited to the specific order of steps described herein, to the extent that it does not depend on such a specific order. Other orders of steps are possible, as will be understood by those skilled in the art. Therefore, the specific order of steps set forth in the specification should not be construed as a limitation of the claims. Moreover, the claims relating to the methods and / or processes of the invention should not be limited to performing the steps in the written order; those skilled in the art will readily understand that the order can be varied and still remain within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. An antenna, comprising: A printed circuit includes a dipole element disposed on an insulating substrate, the dipole element having a centrally located feed connection, wherein a metallization layer of the dipole element at each distal end relative to the centrally located feed connection extends onto a protruding extension of the printed circuit. Another printed circuit has a ground plane arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the dipole element and offset relative to the longitudinal axis by a predetermined amount. A pair of grounding elements, each having a predetermined length and width, are metallized on an insulating substrate and arranged at the distal end of the dipole element; wherein: The first end of each of the pair of grounding elements is electrically connected to the ground plane on the other printed circuit. Each of the pair of grounding elements includes a hole in its insulating substrate, the hole being surrounded by a metallized region, and the metallized region being isolated from the metallization layer of the grounding element by one or more defined gaps; Each metallized protrusion of the printed circuit board at the distal end of the dipole element is inserted into a hole of the ground element in the pair of ground elements, and the metallization layer of the dipole element at the distal end of the dipole element is directly electrically connected to the metallized region of the ground element in the pair of ground elements; and Each of the pair of grounding elements radiates excitation to the metallized region of the grounding element through a defined capacitive reactance.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The metallized region of each grounding element defines a characteristic capacitance with one or more defined gaps between the grounding element and the grounding element.

3. An antenna, comprising: Dipole on a printed circuit board; as well as A pair of grounding elements; in Each of the pair of grounding elements is radiatively coupled to the different ends of the dipole via a defined capacitive reactance and is mechanically connected to the printed circuit.

4. The antenna according to claim 3, wherein, Each of the pair of grounding elements is coupled to a metallized protrusion of the printed circuit board at a different end of the dipole via a metallized region of the grounding element, the metallized region being isolated from the ground plane metallization layer of the grounding element by one or more defined gaps. The metallized protruding extension is electrically connected to the metallized area of ​​the grounding element; as well as The defined capacitive reactance is determined based on the one or more defined gaps.

5. An antenna, comprising: A printed circuit includes a dipole element disposed on an insulating substrate, the dipole element having a centrally located feed connection, wherein a metallization layer of the dipole element at each distal end relative to the centrally located feed connection extends onto a protruding extension of the printed circuit. Another printed circuit has a ground plane arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the dipole element and offset relative to the longitudinal axis by a predetermined amount. A pair of grounding elements, each having a predetermined length and width, are metallized on an insulating substrate and arranged at the distal end of the dipole element; wherein: The first end of each of the pair of grounding elements is electrically connected to the ground plane on the other printed circuit. Each of the pair of grounding elements includes a hole in its insulating substrate, the hole being surrounded by a metallized region that is isolated from the metallization layer of the grounding element by one or more defined gaps; and Each metallized protrusion of the printed circuit board at the distal end of the dipole element is inserted into a hole of the ground element in the pair of ground elements, and the metallization layer of the dipole element at the distal end of the dipole element is directly electrically connected to the metallized region of the ground element in the pair of ground elements.

6. The antenna according to claim 5, wherein, The metallized region of each grounding element is defined by one or more defined gaps between the grounding elements, defining characteristic capacitance.

7. A method of providing an antenna, comprising: A printed circuit is provided, the printed circuit including a dipole element disposed on an insulating substrate, the dipole element having a centrally disposed feed connection, wherein a metallization layer of the dipole element at each distal end relative to the centrally disposed feed connection extends onto a protruding extension of the printed circuit. Another printed circuit is provided, the other printed circuit having a ground plane arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the dipole element and offset relative to the longitudinal axis by a predetermined amount, and A pair of grounding elements are provided, each having a predetermined length and width, metallized on an insulating substrate, and disposed at the distal end of the dipole element; wherein: The first end of each of the pair of grounding elements is electrically connected to the ground plane on the other printed circuit. Each of the pair of grounding elements includes a hole in its insulating substrate, the hole being surrounded by a metallized region that is isolated from the metallization layer of the grounding element by one or more defined gaps; and Each metallized protrusion of the printed circuit board at the distal end of the dipole element is inserted into the hole of the ground element in the pair of ground elements, and the metallization layer of the dipole element at the distal end of the dipole element is directly electrically connected to the metallized region of the ground element in the pair of ground elements.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein, The metallized region of each grounding element defines a characteristic capacitance with one or more defined gaps between the grounding element and the grounding element.

9. An antenna, comprising: Base; A dipole element extending on a carrier, wherein the dipole element is arranged at a defined distance above the base and extends in a plane parallel to the base; A ground plane having a portion extending above the dipole element at a defined distance; wherein... The dipole element extends along the protrusion of the carrier; The protrusion extends through an opening in the ground plane, such that the dipole element also extends through the opening; The portion of the dipole element extending through the opening is electrically connected to the metallization layer surrounding the opening; and The metallization layer surrounding the opening is electrically isolated from the ground plane by a non-metallization region having a defined geometry and a defined size.

10. The antenna according to claim 9, wherein, The capacitance between the dipole element and the ground plane is determined based on the defined geometry and defined dimensions of the unmetallized region between the metallized layer surrounding the opening and the ground plane.

11. The antenna according to claim 9, wherein, The grounding plate has another portion that extends into the base and is electrically connected to another grounding plate that forms part of the base.

12. An antenna, comprising: Base; A pair of dipole elements extending radially on a carrier from an axis perpendicular to the base, wherein the pair of dipole elements are arranged at a defined distance above the base and extend from an end toward the axis to a distal end in a plane parallel to the base; A ground plane has a first portion and a second portion, the first portion extending at a predetermined distance above the distal end of one of the pair of dipole elements, and the second portion extending at the predetermined distance above the distal end of the other dipole element in the pair of dipole elements; wherein, One of the pair of dipole elements extends along a first protrusion of the carrier, and the other of the pair of dipole elements extends along a second protrusion of the carrier; The first protrusion extends through an opening in the first portion of the ground plane, such that one of the pair of dipole elements extends through the opening; The second protrusion extends through another opening within the second portion of the ground plane, such that the other dipole element of the pair of dipole elements extends through the other opening; One of the pair of dipole elements extends through a portion of the opening and is electrically connected to the metallization layer surrounding the opening; The other dipole element of the pair of dipole elements extends through a portion of the other opening and is electrically connected to the metallization layer surrounding the other opening; The metallization layer surrounding the opening is electrically isolated from the first portion of the ground plane via a non-metallized region having a defined geometry and defined dimensions; and The metallized layer surrounding the other opening is electrically isolated from the second portion of the ground plane by another non-metallized region having other defined geometries and other defined dimensions.

13. The antenna according to claim 12, wherein, The capacitance between the dipole element of the pair of dipole elements and the first portion of the ground plane is determined based on the defined geometry and the defined dimensions of the unmetallized region between the metallized layer surrounding the opening and the first portion of the ground plane. as well as Another capacitance between the other dipole element of the pair of dipole elements and the second portion of the ground plane is determined based on the other defined geometry and the other defined dimensions of the non-metallized region between the metallized layer surrounding the other opening and the second portion of the ground plane.

14. The antenna according to claim 12, wherein, The first portion of the grounding plate has another portion that extends into the base and is electrically connected to another grounding plate forming part of the base; and The second portion of the grounding plate has a further portion that extends into the base and is electrically connected to another grounding plate that forms part of the base.

15. The antenna according to claim 12, wherein, The first portion of the grounding plate has another portion that extends into the base and is electrically connected to another grounding plate forming part of the base; and The second portion of the grounding plate has a further portion that extends into the base and is electrically connected to another grounding plate forming part of the base; wherein... The other portion of the ground plane is radially further away from the axis perpendicular to the base than the dipole element of the pair of dipole elements, and yet another portion of the ground plane is radially further away from the axis perpendicular to the base than the other dipole element of the pair of dipole elements.

16. An antenna, comprising: Base; A first dipole includes a pair of dipole elements extending radially from an axis perpendicular to the base on a first carrier, wherein the pair of dipole elements are arranged at a defined distance above the base and extend from an end toward the axis to a distal end in a plane parallel to the base. A second dipole includes another pair of dipole elements extending radially from an axis perpendicular to the base on a second carrier, wherein the other pair of dipole elements are arranged at a defined distance above the base and extend from an end toward the axis to a distal end in a plane parallel to the base; and The mounting elements on the base include: The mounting portion, wherein the first carrier and the second carrier are orthogonally mounted on the mounting portion; and A series of other parts, each extending vertically from the mounting portion, are arranged between predetermined portions of the first carrier and the second carrier.

17. The antenna according to claim 16, wherein, When the first dipole and the second dipole are mounted on the mounting element, the characteristic characteristics of the frequency response of the antenna within its operating frequency band occur outside the operating frequency band, while when the first dipole and the second dipole are used without the series of other components, the characteristic characteristics occur within the operating frequency band.

18. The antenna according to claim 16, wherein, The frequency of the characteristic frequency response of the antenna within its operating frequency band is shifted relative to the frequency when the first dipole and the second dipole are used without the aforementioned series of other components; and The frequency offset of the characteristic properties of the frequency response of the antenna varies depending on the degree of vertical extension of the series of other parts.

19. An antenna, comprising: A dipole element located on an insulating substrate of a printed circuit board (PCB) has a centrally arranged feed terminal for connection to a balanced feed network, wherein the metallization layer of the dipole includes a first terminal forming a portion of the feed terminal, a second terminal forming another portion of the feed terminal, and a third and a fourth terminal extending to each distal end of the dipole element. A base grounding PCB having a planar geometry, wherein a metallization layer provides a ground plane for the antenna, the ground plane having a dimension along the longitudinal axis of the dipole element along the PCB insulating substrate, the dimension being determined based on the length of the dipole element along the longitudinal axis, the base grounding PCB being arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the dipole element and offset relative to the longitudinal axis by a predetermined offset; First and second metallized grounding elements are metallized on an insulating substrate, each of the metallized grounding elements having a first end and a second far end, each having a predetermined length and width, wherein the first end is electrically connected to the base grounding PCB at one or more points arranged laterally on the base grounding PCB, and the second far end is arranged adjacent to the far end of the dipole element. A first predetermined capacitive reactance connected between the third terminal of the dipole element and the second distal end of the first metallized grounding element; and A second predetermined capacitive reactance connected between the fourth terminal of the dipole element and the second distal end of the second metallized grounding element; wherein The balanced feed network provides the same, antipodal feed signal at both the first and second terminals; and The antenna configuration effectively provides a miniaturized antenna with improved wide-bandwidth impedance at the first and second terminals.

20. The antenna according to claim 19, wherein, The first metallized grounding element includes a first metallized layer that is isolated from a second metallized layer extending from the first end to the second distal end; The second metallized grounding element includes a third metallized layer that is isolated from the fourth metallized layer extending from the first end to the second distal end; The third terminal of the dipole element is directly electrically connected to the first metallization layer; The fourth terminal of the dipole element is directly electrically connected to the second metallization layer; The third terminal is mechanically connected to the first metallized grounding element; The fourth terminal is mechanically connected to the second metallized grounding element; The first predetermined capacitor reactance is defined according to the geometry of the gap between the first metallization layer and the second metallization layer; as well as The second predetermined capacitor reactance is defined according to the geometry of the gap between the third metallization and the fourth metallization.

Images