A biological control and breeding method for centipede

Abstract

A biological control method for centipede breeding belongs to the field of special economic animal breeding technology. This invention uses a compound probiotic strain of *Trichoderma longicornis*, *Streptomyces flavus*, *Bacillus subtilis*, *Bacillus licheniformis*, *Clostridium butyricum*, and lactic acid bacteria, which is fully incorporated into the breeding substrate. After 24-72 hours of static setting, the bacteria fully colonize and form a stable antibacterial state. The bacterial community can remain dormant during periods of nutrient deficiency, low-temperature overwintering, or year-end static setting, and will revive upon contact with organic matter. The method is supplemented with springtails and pink woodlice, which preferentially consume harmful bacteria, clean up uneaten feed, and primarily feed on and decompose centipede feces, forming a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship with the biocontrol bacteria. Their feces further nourish the bacterial community, extending the stable effective period of the bacterial community from 2 months to 4-6 months or more. Simultaneously, probiotics and vitamins are added to the feed to strengthen the centipede's constitution. This invention constructs a three-dimensional synergistic prevention and control system that integrates matrix inhibition of pathogenic bacteria, environmental residue removal, and internal administration for enhanced protection. This system enables drug-free ecological disease control, significantly reduces the incidence of diseases such as green muscardine, and improves the survival rate of centipede farming. It is suitable for large-scale centipede farming.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] A biological control method for centipede breeding is disclosed. This invention relates to the field of centipede artificial breeding technology, specifically to a biological control method for centipede breeding based on the whole-domain regulation of compound probiotics, the synergistic cleaning of residues and feces by biological cleaners, and the internal nutritional fortification of feed. It is mainly used to inhibit green muscardine disease in centipedes and improve the survival rate of the breeding population. Background Technology

[0002] In centipede farming, Metarhizium anisopliae easily proliferates and spreads in humid, organic-rich environments, leading to large-scale mortality. Traditional methods often use chemical disinfectants and antibiotics, which not only have unstable disease control effects but also easily lead to drug resistance in pathogens, while disrupting the microecological balance of the farming environment. Existing centipede ecological farming techniques generally have many shortcomings: the types of probiotics used are limited, resulting in limited disease control effects and a lack of long-term maintenance mechanisms; a complete biological waste and manure removal system is lacking, making manure and uneaten feed in the farming environment prone to mold and pathogen growth; nutritional fortification of feed is not combined to enhance the centipedes' own immunity; and a long-term ecological self-circulation of mutually beneficial symbiosis between probiotics and cleaner insects cannot be achieved, resulting in problems such as overwintering inactivation of bacterial colonies, short effective periods, and the need for repeated replenishment of bacteria. These issues have failed to solve the industry pain points of difficult control of Metarhizium anisopliae and low survival rates, seriously hindering the sustainable development of large-scale, standardized centipede farming. Summary of the Invention

[0003] 1. Purpose of the invention To address the problems of difficult control of diseases such as green muscardine, low survival rate, unstable micro-ecological environment, chemical residues, and short survival cycle of probiotics in existing centipede farming techniques, this invention provides a biological control method for centipede farming. Through a triple synergistic mechanism of matrix-compound probiotics for overall antibacterial activity, biological cleaning insects for synergistic removal of residues and feces, and internal feed nutritional enhancement, a stable micro-ecological system of mutual benefit between insects and bacteria is constructed. This achieves long-term antibacterial effect, self-circulating proliferation of beneficial bacteria, significantly reduces the incidence of diseases such as green muscardine in centipedes, and greatly improves the survival rate of centipede farming. Technical solution

[0004] (1) Preparation of compound probiotics and mixing and standing of substrate Trichoderma longifolia, Streptomyces flavus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Clostridium butyricum, and lactic acid bacteria were compounded in a mass ratio of (1–1.5):(1–1.5):(1–1.5):(1–1.5):(1–1.5):(1–1.5) to prepare a product with a total effective viable count ≥1×10⁻⁶. 9CFU / g of compound probiotic powder. Add 500-800g of compound probiotic powder per cubic meter of breeding substrate, and mix it thoroughly with the breeding substrate to ensure that the probiotics are evenly distributed throughout the substrate without stratification. After mixing, let it stand for 24-72 hours to ensure that the probiotics are fully colonized, proliferated, and form a stable system that inhibits harmful bacteria before using it for centipede farming.

[0005] (2) Microbial community stability and dormancy-reactivation mechanism Under the conditions of breeding temperature of 20-30℃, substrate moisture content of 20%-25%, and relative humidity of air of 60%-90%, the compound probiotics can quickly enter a stable growth stage after 24-72 hours of static placement, forming a dominant antibacterial bacterial community in the substrate and inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria such as Metarhizium anisopliae. In the absence of external organic matter supplementation, low temperature overwintering, or long-term static placement across the year, dominant strains such as Trichoderma longifolia, Bacillus, and Streptomyces will enter a deep dormant state in the form of spores and endospores. The bacteria will not die completely and are resistant to low temperature and long-term starvation. Once the temperature and humidity in the breeding environment return to the suitable range and new organic matter such as centipede feces and uneaten feed appears, the dormant bacterial spores can re-absorb water and germinate within 4-12 hours, rapidly proliferate, and continue to maintain their dominance in inhibiting harmful bacteria.

[0006] (3) Long-term ecological self-circulation and insect-fungus synergy mechanism Under conditions of pure coconut coir or pure substrate, without farmed animals or external organic matter supplementation, continuous monitoring and verification showed that the stable effective period of the compound microbial community in the substrate was about 2 months. After the nutrients in the substrate were depleted, the microbial community gradually entered a dormant state. In actual centipede farming systems, springtails and pink woodlice can efficiently consume centipede feces and uneaten feed. Their feces and metabolites are rich in decomposed organic matter and small molecule nutrients, which can continuously provide a source of nutrition for the growth and reproduction of compound probiotics, enabling the biocontrol bacteria to self-renew and continuously proliferate. The stable effective period of the microbial community can be extended to more than 4 to 6 months. At the same time, springtails and pink woodlice prefer to consume harmful pathogenic bacteria such as Metarhizium anisopliae and other fungi in feces, and their feeding intensity on beneficial biocontrol bacteria is extremely low. They only consume a small amount of excess biocontrol bacteria to regulate the microbial community density in the substrate, avoiding excessive fermentation of the microbial community that would lead to the deterioration of the substrate environment. Ultimately, a self-circulating micro-ecosystem of mutual benefit, mutual regulation, and no conflict between insects and bacteria is formed.

[0007] (4) Release and division of labor of biological cleaner insects The following biological cleaning insects should be introduced per square meter of breeding area. These two types of insects work together to clean up waste and feces in the breeding environment: * **Fleabugs:** 300-500 individuals. They primarily feed on bacteria, fungal hyphae, and spores, while also actively consuming and decomposing small centipede feces and organic debris, regulating the bacterial population in the substrate. * **Pink Woodlice:** 30-50 individuals. They feed on centipede feces, as well as large pieces of uneaten feed, decaying organic matter, and mold on the substrate surface. They process large particles of waste and lumps of feces that the leafhoppers cannot decompose, while also loosening the substrate and preventing water accumulation. The two types of cleaning insects work together to comprehensively clean up feces, uneaten feed, and other sources of pathogens in the breeding environment. Their feces further promote the colonization and proliferation of biocontrol bacteria, enhancing the effect of the microecological system in inhibiting harmful bacteria.

[0008] (5) Add probiotics and vitamins to feed Add Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Clostridium butyricum, and lactic acid bacteria evenly to the daily feed of centipedes at a rate of 0.2% to 0.5% of the feed weight. At the same time, add B vitamins and vitamin C at a rate of 0.05% to 0.1% of the feed weight. This oral administration will improve the intestinal microecology of centipedes, prevent enteritis, and enhance their immunity and stress resistance.

[0009] (6) Aquaculture environment control The entire breeding process is controlled at a temperature of 20-30℃ and a relative humidity of 60%-90%. The substrate is kept moist but without water accumulation to maintain the activity of compound probiotics and biological cleaner insects, ensuring the stable operation of the entire insect-bacteria synergistic ecological disease prevention system.

[0010] Example 1. Preparation of compound probiotics: Mix Trichoderma longicornis, Streptomyces flavus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Clostridium butyricum, and lactic acid bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1:1:1 to prepare a probiotic with a total effective viable count ≥1×10⁻⁶. 9 1. Compound probiotic agent (CFU / g); 2. Substrate treatment: Add 600g of the above compound probiotic agent per cubic meter of breeding substrate, stir thoroughly to achieve uniform mixing throughout the entire area, let stand for 48 hours to ensure that the bacterial community is fully colonized and proliferates to form a stable environment that inhibits harmful bacteria before using it for breeding; 3. Release of cleaning insects: Release 500 longhorn fleas and 40 pink sowbugs per square meter of breeding area; 4. Feed addition: Add 0.3% compound probiotic and 0.08% mixture of B vitamins and vitamin C to the centipede feed; 5. Environmental control: Control the breeding temperature at 23-27℃ and the air humidity at about 75%, and keep the substrate moist but not waterlogged.

[0011] Implementation Results Actual breeding verification shows that after adopting the method of this invention, centipede feces and uneaten feed in the breeding environment can be quickly decomposed, without mold or odor. The incidence of green muscardine disease in centipedes is less than 3%, and the survival rate of centipede breeding reaches more than 85%. Compared with traditional chemical control breeding methods, the incidence of green muscardine disease is reduced by more than 60%, the survival rate is increased by more than 30%, the insect and fungal ecological disease prevention system is stable in the long term, there is no need to frequently supplement probiotics, and the breeding management cost is significantly reduced.

[0012] Beneficial effects 1. The compound probiotics are distributed throughout the substrate. After standing for 24 to 72 hours, a stable antibacterial ecology can be formed, which can effectively inhibit the germination and infection of harmful bacteria such as Metarhizium anisopliae, and prevent and control diseases such as Metarhizium anisopliae in centipedes from the root. 2. Biocontrol bacteria can enter deep dormancy when nutrients are scarce, wintering is in low temperature, or the year is spent in stillness. When they encounter organic matter such as feces and uneaten feed and the temperature and humidity are suitable, they can be quickly revived, achieving long-term effectiveness after one application of bacteria, which greatly simplifies the breeding management process. 3. The longhorn flea and the pink woodlice work together to clean up debris and feces. The pink woodlice feed on centipede feces, while the longhorn flea decomposes fine feces. Both of them prioritize feeding on harmful bacteria and do not have a survival conflict with the biocontrol bacteria. Their feces can also nourish and proliferate the biocontrol bacteria, thus realizing a mutually beneficial symbiotic defense system between insects and bacteria. 4. The feces and uneaten feed generated during the breeding process provide a continuous supply of nutrients to the microbial community, extending the effective stability period of the microbial community from 2 months to more than 4 to 6 months, thus constructing a long-term self-circulating ecological antibacterial control system; 5. Adding probiotics and vitamins to the feed, combined with the antibacterial environment of the substrate, doublely enhances the centipede's physical condition and intestinal health, further improving the survival rate of centipede farming; 6. No chemical disinfectants or antibiotics are needed throughout the process, resulting in no drug residues and environmental friendliness. The operation is simple and easy, making it suitable for both small-scale farmers and large-scale farms. It has strong practicality and promotional value.

Claims

1. A method for the biological control and breeding of centipedes, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Mix Trichoderma longifolia, Streptomyces flavus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Clostridium butyricum, and lactic acid bacteria in a mass ratio of (1-1.5):(1-1.5):(1-1.5):(1-1.5):(1-1.5):(1-1.5) to prepare a mixture with a total effective viable count ≥1×10⁻⁶. 9 (1) Add 500-800g of compound probiotic powder per cubic meter of substrate and mix it evenly into the substrate. Do not layer it. Let it stand for 24-72 hours before using it for breeding. (2) Put 300-500 longhorn fleas and 30-50 pink sowbugs per square meter of breeding area. The two cleaning insects work together to clean up the breeding environment and remove feces. (3) Add the above compound probiotic to the centipede feed at a rate of 0.2%-0.5% of the feed weight. Also add B vitamins and vitamin C at a rate of 0.05%-0.1% of the feed weight. (4) Control the breeding temperature to 20-30℃, the air humidity to 60%-90%, and the substrate to be moist but not waterlogged.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Compound probiotics can quickly establish themselves and form a stable growth period after being left to stand in the substrate for 24 to 72 hours. When there is no organic matter supplementation, low temperature overwintering or standing for years, they are in deep dormancy in the form of buds and spores. When they encounter feces and suitable temperature and humidity, they can re-germinate and revive, and restore their activity of inhibiting harmful bacteria.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Springtails and pink woodlice preferentially feed on harmful pathogens such as Metarhizium anisopliae and other fungi in their feces, while exhibiting low feeding intensity towards biocontrol bacteria. Their feces can promote the proliferation of biocontrol bacteria, forming a mutually beneficial and conflict-free synergistic ecosystem between insects and bacteria. The stable effective period of the pure substrate microbial community is about 2 months, and under the self-circulating breeding system, the effective period is extended to more than 4 to 6 months for cyclical propagation.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Pink woodlice feed on centipede feces, while springtails decompose fine feces and organic debris and regulate substrate flora. Pink woodlice clean up large pieces of uneaten food and loosen the substrate. Together, they complete the biological cleaning of the breeding environment, remove feces and inhibit pathogenic bacteria.

5. The method described in any one of claims 1 to 4 is applied in a three-dimensional synergistic prevention and control system of substrate inhibition of pathogenic bacteria, environmental residue removal, and internal administration enhancement to achieve drug-free ecological disease prevention and control, prevent pathogenic bacteria such as green muscardine disease in centipedes, and improve the survival rate of centipede farming.