A vitamin a, d fortified feed for promoting the molting and growth of procambarus clarkia larvae
By adding appropriate concentrations of vitamin A and vitamin D to the feed of juvenile and young Procambarus clarkii, the problems of growth inhibition and abnormal molting in existing technologies have been solved, resulting in improved growth performance and gut health, and thus increased aquaculture efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- YANGTZE UNIVERSITY
- Filing Date
- 2026-05-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-23
AI Technical Summary
Existing research indicates that the diets for juvenile and larval crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) lack vitamins A and D, leading to growth inhibition, abnormal molting, and low feed utilization, thus affecting aquaculture efficiency.
This product provides a basic feed consisting of fishmeal, soybean meal, cottonseed protein, rapeseed meal, corn DDGS, and wheat flour, with appropriate concentrations of vitamin A and vitamin D added to form a vitamin A and D fortified feed, which promotes the growth and molting of juvenile and crayfish of Procambarus clarkii.
It improved the growth performance, molting frequency and intestinal health of juvenile and larval Procambarus clarkii, reduced feed conversion ratio, improved intestinal digestive enzyme activity and amino acid balance, and promoted feeding and molting metabolism.
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Figure CN122250593A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of aquaculture feed technology, and in particular to a vitamin A and D fortified feed for promoting molting and growth of juvenile and young red swamp crayfish. Background Technology
[0002] Red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) Procambarus clarkii The red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) belongs to the genus Procambarus of the family Caviidae and is commonly known as the crayfish. It is a highly valuable aquatic species, prized for its delicious meat, high protein and fatty acid content, and high nutritional and edible value. It is popular with consumers worldwide, and its aquaculture scale is expanding rapidly.
[0003] Vitamins are essential for the normal health and vital physiological functions of crustaceans. Vitamins A and D are common fat-soluble vitamins that play a crucial role in regulating physiological processes such as growth and development, molting, immune regulation and antioxidant activity, lipid metabolism, vision, reproduction, and mucosal barrier function. Insufficient or excessive intake of vitamins A and D can inhibit growth and molting, lead to metabolic disorders, further reduce feed utilization and increase mortality, and decrease muscle quality.
[0004] Currently, there is basic nutritional data available for Procambarus clarkii feed, but micronutrients such as vitamins in feed specifically for juvenile and young crayfish have not yet been studied. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a vitamin A and D-fortified feed for promoting molting and growth of juvenile and larval procambarus clarkii, thereby addressing the problems existing in the prior art. Based on a thorough understanding of the appropriate supplementation levels of key micronutrients (such as vitamins) for juvenile and larval procambarus clarkii, researching suitable feeds for their growth, development, and molting is of great significance for improving the survival, growth, molting, and aquaculture efficiency of juvenile and larval procambarus clarkii.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: One of the technical solutions of this invention is a vitamin A and D fortified feed that promotes molting and growth of juvenile and larval crayfish, which consists of a basic feed and a vitamin fortifier. The basic feed contains the following ingredients in the following weight percentages: fish meal 5%, soybean meal 15%, cottonseed protein 6%, rapeseed meal 13%, peanut meal 10%, corn DDGS 5%, wheat flour 28%, soybean oil 2%, soybean lecithin oil 1.5%, compound vitamins and minerals 1%, sodium alginate 2%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.3%, yeast powder 2%, sodium chloride 0.2%, choline chloride 0.25%, chitosan 0.1%, threonine 0.35%, lysine 0.3%, and methionine 0.1%. The vitamin fortifiers are vitamin A and vitamin D.
[0007] The second technical solution of the present invention is the application of the vitamin A and D fortified feed in promoting the growth of juvenile and young swamp crayfish, increasing molting frequency, reducing feed conversion rate, and improving intestinal health.
[0008] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention has the following technical effects: (1) The rational combination of animal and plant protein sources in this invention maintains the amino acid balance and promotes the feeding and growth of juvenile and tender Procambarus clarkii.
[0009] (2) In this invention, vitamin A with a concentration of 350,000 IU / kg or vitamin D with a concentration of 12,000 IU / kg is selected for addition. When the appropriate addition amounts of vitamin A and vitamin D in the feed are 9,000 to 27,000 IU / kg and 6,000 to 12,000 IU / kg, respectively, it can meet the growth requirements of red swamp crayfish, improve the activity of digestive enzymes in its stomach, hepatopancreas and intestines, and promote its growth, molting and feeding.
[0010] (3) When the appropriate addition amounts of vitamin A and vitamin D in the feed are 9000-27000 IU / kg and 6000-12000 IU / kg, respectively, the MIH and mTOR signaling pathways can be regulated to promote molting metabolism. Attached Figure Description
[0011] Figure 1 Images showing the intestinal histological staining of juvenile and larval Procambarus clarkii fed with different diets in Experiment 1, where A1-A6 represent treatment groups 1-6 in Example 1, respectively.
[0012] Figure 2 This is a comparative diagram showing the expression of molting-related genes in the eyestalks of juvenile and young Procambarus clarkii fed with different diets in Experiment 1.
[0013] Figure 3 Images of the intestinal histology of juvenile and larval Procambarus clarkii fed with different diets in Experiment 2, where D1-D6 represent treatment groups 1-6 in Example 2, respectively.
[0014] Figure 4 This is a comparative diagram showing the expression of molting-related genes in the eyestalks of juvenile and young Procambarus clarkii fed with different diets in Experiment 2. Detailed Implementation
[0015] Unless otherwise specified, the technical solutions described in this invention are all conventional solutions in the field, and the reagents or raw materials used are all purchased from commercial channels or are publicly available unless otherwise specified.
[0016] This invention provides a vitamin A and D fortified feed that promotes molting and growth of juvenile and larval crayfish, consisting of a basic feed and a vitamin fortifier; The basic feed contains the following ingredients in the following weight percentages: fish meal 5%, soybean meal 15%, cottonseed protein 6%, rapeseed meal 13%, peanut meal 10%, corn DDGS 5%, wheat flour 28%, soybean oil 2%, soybean lecithin oil 1.5%, compound vitamins and minerals 1%, sodium alginate 2%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.3%, yeast powder 2%, sodium chloride 0.2%, choline chloride 0.25%, chitosan 0.1%, threonine 0.35%, lysine 0.3%, and methionine 0.1%. The vitamin fortifiers are vitamin A and vitamin D.
[0017] In some specific implementations, the amount of vitamin A added to the feed is 9000–27000 IU / kg.
[0018] In some specific implementations, the amount of vitamin D added to the feed is 6000–12000 IU / kg.
[0019] In some specific implementations, the feed contains 6.05% total fat and 32.3% total protein.
[0020] In some specific implementation schemes, the feeding amount of the vitamin A and D fortified feed is 3% to 5% of the shrimp's body weight per day, fed twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening.
[0021] This invention also provides the application of the vitamin A and D fortified feed in promoting the growth of juvenile and young swamp crayfish, increasing molting frequency, reducing feed conversion rate, and improving intestinal health.
[0022] Example 1 The feed for juvenile and larval crayfish of Procambarus clarkii consists of the following ingredients by weight percentage: fish meal 5%, soybean meal 15%, cottonseed protein 6%, rapeseed meal 13%, peanut meal 10%, corn DDGS 5%, wheat flour 28%, soybean oil 2%, soybean lecithin oil 1.5%, compound vitamins and minerals 1%, sodium alginate 2%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.3%, yeast powder 2%, sodium chloride 0.2%, choline chloride 0.25%, chitosan 0.1%, threonine 0.35%, lysine 0.3%, and methionine 0.1%. Based on this, six gradient concentrations are added (0 IU / kg (A1), 3000 IU / kg (A2), 9000 IU / kg (A3), 27000 IU / kg (A4), 81000 IU / kg (A5), and 243000 IU / kg). Vitamin A (A6) is added, and finally cellulose is used to make up the total amount of raw materials to 100%; the total fat content in the feed is 6.05%, and the total protein content is 32.3%.
[0023] The compound vitamins in each kg of feed include: V C 20 g, V D3 20 mg, V E 10 g, V K3 10 g, V B1 10 g, V B2 10 g, V B6 20 g, V B3 40 g, V B7 200 mg, V B12 10 mg, calcium pantothenate 20 g, folic acid 500 mg, inositol 400 g; all vitamins were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
[0024] The compound minerals per kg of feed include: 600 mg KIO3, 80 mg Na2SeO3·5H2O, 320 g KH2PO4, 200 g MgSO4, 20 g MnSO4·H2O, 2 g CuCl2·2H2O, 60 g ZnSO4·7H2O, 50 g FeSO4·7H2O, 100 g NaCl, and 2 g CoCl2·6H2O; all minerals were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
[0025] Example 2 The feed for juvenile and larval crayfish of Procambarus clarkii consists of the following ingredients by weight percentage: fishmeal 5%, soybean meal 15%, cottonseed protein 6%, rapeseed meal 13%, peanut meal 10%, corn DDGS 5%, wheat flour 28%, soybean oil 2%, soybean lecithin oil 1.5%, compound vitamins and minerals 1%, sodium alginate 2%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.3%, yeast powder 2%, sodium chloride 0.2%, choline chloride 0.25%, chitosan 0.1%, threonine 0.35%, lysine 0.3%, and methionine 0.1%. Based on this, six gradient concentrations are added (0 IU / kg (D1), 3000 IU / kg (D2), 6000 IU / kg (D3), 12000 IU / kg (D4), 24000 IU / kg (D5), and 48000 IU / kg). Vitamin D (D6) is added, and finally cellulose is used to make up the total amount of raw materials to 100%; the total fat content in the feed is 6.05%, and the total protein content is 32.3%.
[0026] The compound vitamins in each kg of feed include: V A 4 g, V C 20 g, V D3 20 mg, V E 10 g, V K3 10 g, V B1 10g, V B2 10 g, V B6 20 g, V B3 40 g, V B7 200 mg, V B12 10 mg, calcium pantothenate 20 g, folic acid 500 mg, inositol 400 g (S11074); all vitamins were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
[0027] The compound minerals per kg of feed include: 600 mg KIO3, 80 mg Na2SeO3·5H2O, 320 g KH2PO4, 200 g MgSO4, 20 g MnSO4·H2O, 2 g CuCl2·2H2O, 60 g ZnSO4·7H2O, 50 g FeSO4·7H2O, 100 g NaCl, and 2 g CoCl2·6H2O; all minerals were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
[0028] Experimental Example 1 Using the A1 group of juvenile and larval crayfish feed provided in Example 1 as the control group, and the A2-A6 group of juvenile and larval crayfish feed as the experimental group, a comparative aquaculture experiment was conducted for a period of 2 months. The crayfish were fed to their full capacity, once in the morning and once in the evening.
[0029] Feeding methods and dosage: Feeding method: Feed the animals at fixed times and locations at 8:30 and 18:00 every day.
[0030] Dosage: Feed to full capacity, with a daily feed amount of approximately 3% to 5% of the shrimp's body weight.
[0031] Feeding and management: A method for rearing juvenile and larval procambarus clarkii involves maintaining a water temperature of 18.5–23.5℃, dissolved oxygen levels of no less than 5 mg / L, a daily water exchange rate of 20%–30%, timely collection of uneaten feed, and recording of molt counts.
[0032] Juvenile and vigorous *Procambarus clarkii* shrimp with a uniform size and a weight of approximately 1.7 g were selected as experimental subjects and a comparative experiment was conducted in indoor culture tanks for two months. The experiment included six treatment groups, with four replicates per group. Treatment group 1 (control group) was fed the feed group A1 (denoted as A1) from Example 1; treatment group 2 was fed the feed group A2 (denoted as A2) provided in Example 1; treatment group 3 was fed the feed group A3 (denoted as A3) provided in Example 1; treatment group 4 was fed the feed group A4 (denoted as A4) provided in Example 1; treatment group 5 was fed the feed group A5 (denoted as A5) provided in Example 1; and treatment group 6 was fed the feed group A6 (denoted as A6) provided in Example 1. Feeding was performed manually for 15 minutes until satiation at 8:30 AM and 6:00 PM daily. Growth performance and molting were analyzed after the experiment, and the results are as follows: I. Growth performance, feed conversion ratio and body index of juvenile and larval red swamp crayfish Sample Collection: At the end of the rearing trial, all shrimp in each rearing tank were counted and weighed. Ten shrimp were randomly selected from each tank, and their hepatopancreas and abdominal muscle were harvested. The hepatopancreas index and abdominal meat yield were calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0033] One-way ANOVA was performed using SPSS 22.0 statistical software (IBM, USA), and the Tucky method was used for multiple comparisons to determine the differences among the six groups. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
[0034] Table 1. Growth performance, feed conversion ratio, and body index of juvenile and larval Procambarus clarkii Table 1 shows that compared with treatment group 1 (A1) and treatment group 6 (A6), treatment groups 3 (A3) and 4 (A4) significantly improved the final weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and molting frequency of juvenile and larval Procambarus clarkii, and significantly reduced their feed conversion ratio and hepatosome ratio. P <0.05). This indicates that the present invention can effectively improve the growth performance and feed efficiency of juvenile and crayfish of the red swamp crayfish.
[0035] II. Detection of digestive enzyme activity and intestinal histology in juvenile and larval Procambarus clarkii hepatopancreas, stomach, and intestine. Sample collection: At the end of the feeding experiment, hepatopancreas, stomach, and intestine samples were collected from 5 shrimp per tank. After homogenization with physiological saline, the samples were centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 10 min at 4℃ to further determine digestive enzyme activities. Intestinal trypsin, lipase, and amylase activities were measured using a kit from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0036] Sample collection: At the end of the feeding experiment, hepatopancreas, stomach, and intestine samples were collected from 5 shrimp per tank. After homogenization with physiological saline, the samples were centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 10 min at 4℃ to further determine digestive enzyme activities. Intestinal trypsin, lipase, and amylase activities were measured using a kit from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0037] The collected intestinal tissue was fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, subjected to routine histological treatment, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and examined under a light microscope. The results are shown below. Figure 1 .
[0038] Table 2. Digestive enzyme activities in the hepatopancreas, stomach, and intestines of juvenile and larval Procambarus clarkii. Table 2 shows that compared with treatment group 1 (A1) and treatment group 6 (A6), treatment groups 3 (A3) and 4 (A4) significantly increased the activity of hepatopancreas and intestinal lipase and intestinal trypsin in juvenile and larval Procambarus clarkii. P <0.05). This indicates that the present invention can effectively improve its digestibility and promote its food intake.
[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, the intestinal morphology of treatment group 3 (A3) and treatment group 4 (A4) was relatively intact, the intestinal villi were regular in shape and more tightly arranged, the surface folds were more developed, the connective tissue was more compact, and the muscle bundles wrapped around them were more intact.
[0040] III. Detection of expression levels of genes related to eyestalk molting in juvenile and larval Procambarus clarkii At the end of the rearing experiment, 10 shrimp were taken from each tank, and total RNA was extracted from fresh shrimp eyestalks (n=4) using the Total RNA kit I (Omega Bio-Tek, USA). The extracted total RNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA using the MonScript™ RTIII Super Mix withdsDNase (Two-Step) kit (Mona Biotech, China). Real-time quantitative PCR was performed using the Line Gene 9600 Plus real-time PCR system (Hangzhou Borui Technology Co., Ltd., China). β-actin was used as an internal control gene, and a 2... -△△CT The relative expression levels of mRNA (messenger RNA) were calculated using the following methods. Primer sequences for the target gene were designed using Primer Primer 5.0 (Premier, Canada) software and synthesized by Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All primer sequences used in this study are shown in Table 3.
[0041] Table 3. Primer sequence list of genes related to eyestalk molting in juvenile and larval Procambarus clarkii.
[0042] Figure 2 This is a comparative graph showing the expression of molting-related genes in the eyestalks of juvenile and larval Procambarus clarkii fed with six different diets in Example 1. The bars, from left to right, represent treatment group 1 (A1), treatment group 2 (A2), treatment group 3 (A3), treatment group 4 (A4), treatment group 5 (A5), and treatment group 6 (A6) in Example 1. Figure 2 As shown, with the increase of vitamin A content, the amount of vitamin A in the eye stalk... E75 , ECR , RXR and S6K1 The expression level showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. 4EBP1 and MIH The relative expression level showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing; in treatment group 3 (A3) and treatment group 4 (A4) E75 , ECR and S6K1 The expression level was significantly higher than that in treatment group 1 (A1) and treatment group 6 (A6), and treatment group 3 (A3) and treatment group 4 (A4). 4EBP1 and MIH Significantly lower than treatment group 1 (A1) and treatment group 6 (A6) P <0.05).
[0043] Experimental Example 2 Using the D1 group of procambarus larvae and juveniles feed provided in Example 2 as the control group, and the D2-D6 groups of procambarus larvae and juveniles feed as the experimental group, a comparative aquaculture experiment was carried out for a period of 2 months. The crayfish were fed to their full capacity, once in the morning and once in the evening.
[0044] Feeding methods and dosage: Feeding method: Feed the animals at fixed times and locations at 8:30 and 18:00 every day.
[0045] Dosage: Feed when the animal is full, with a daily intake of approximately 3% to 5%.
[0046] Feeding and management: This invention provides a method for raising juvenile and larval procambarus clarkii. The water temperature for raising the juveniles and larvae is 18.5–23.5℃, the dissolved oxygen is maintained at no less than 5 mg / L, the daily water exchange rate is 20%–30%, and uneaten feed is collected and the number of molts is recorded in a timely manner.
[0047] Juvenile and vigorous *Procambarus clarkii* shrimp with a uniform size and a weight of approximately 1.5 g were selected as experimental subjects and a comparative experiment was conducted in indoor culture tanks for two months. The experiment included six treatment groups, with four replicates per group. Treatment group 1 (control group) was fed the feed group D1 (denoted as D1) from Example 1; treatment group 2 was fed the feed group D2 (denoted as D2) provided in Example 1; treatment group 3 was fed the feed group D3 (denoted as D3) provided in Example 1; treatment group 4 was fed the feed group D4 (denoted as D4) provided in Example 1; treatment group 5 was fed the feed group D5 (denoted as D5) provided in Example 1; and treatment group 6 was fed the feed group D6 (denoted as D6) provided in Example 1. Feeding was performed manually for 15 minutes until satiation at 8:30 AM and 6:00 PM daily. Growth performance and molting were analyzed after the experiment, and the results are as follows: I. Growth performance, feed conversion ratio and body index of juvenile and larval red swamp crayfish Sample Collection: At the end of the rearing trial, all shrimp in each rearing tank were counted and weighed. Ten shrimp were randomly selected from each tank, and their hepatopancreas and abdominal muscle were harvested. The hepatopancreas index and abdominal meat yield were calculated. The results are shown in Table 4.
[0048] One-way ANOVA was performed using SPSS 22.0 statistical software (IBM, USA), and the Tucky method was used for multiple comparisons to determine the differences among the six groups. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
[0049] Table 4. Growth performance, feed conversion ratio and body index of juvenile and larval Procambarus clarkii Table 4 shows that compared with treatment group 1 (D1) and treatment group 6 (D6), treatment groups 3 (D3) and 4 (D4) significantly improved the final weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and molting frequency of juvenile and larval Procambarus clarkii, and significantly reduced their feed conversion ratio and hepatosome ratio. P <0.05). This indicates that the present invention can effectively improve the growth performance and feed efficiency of juvenile and crayfish of the red swamp crayfish.
[0050] II. Detection of digestive enzyme activity and intestinal histology in juvenile and larval Procambarus clarkii hepatopancreas, stomach, and intestine. Sample collection: At the end of the feeding experiment, hepatopancreas, stomach, and intestine samples were collected from 5 shrimp per tank. After homogenization with physiological saline, the samples were centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 10 min at 4℃ to further determine digestive enzyme activities. Intestinal trypsin, lipase, and amylase activities were measured using a kit from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute. The results are shown in Table 5.
[0051] The collected intestinal tissue was fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, subjected to routine histological treatment, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and examined under a light microscope. The results are shown below. Figure 3 .
[0052] Table 5. Digestive enzyme activities in the hepatopancreas, stomach, and intestines of juvenile and larval Procambarus clarkii. Table 5 shows that compared with treatment group 1 (D1) and treatment group 6 (D6), treatment groups 3 (D3) and 4 (D4) significantly increased the activity of hepatopancreas and intestinal lipase and intestinal trypsin in juvenile and larval Procambarus clarkii. P <0.05). This indicates that the present invention can effectively improve its digestibility and promote its food intake.
[0053] like Figure 3 As shown, the intestinal morphology of treatment group 3 (D3) and treatment group 4 (D4) was relatively intact, the intestinal villi were regular in shape and more tightly arranged, the surface folds were more developed, the connective tissue was more compact, and the muscle bundles wrapped around them were more intact.
[0054] III. Detection of expression levels of genes related to eyestalk molting in juvenile and larval Procambarus clarkii At the end of the rearing experiment, 10 shrimp were taken from each tank, and total RNA was extracted from the eyestalks (n=4) using the Total RNA kit I (Omega Bio-Tek, USA). The extracted total RNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA using the MonScript™ RTIII Super Mix withdsDNase (Two-Step) kit (Mona Biotech, China). Real-time quantitative PCR was performed using the Line Gene 9600 Plus real-time PCR system (Hangzhou Borui Technology Co., Ltd., China). β-actin was used as an internal control gene, and a 2... -△△CT The relative expression levels of mRNA (messenger RNA) were calculated using the following methods. Primer sequences for the target gene were designed using Primer Primer 5.0 (Premier, Canada) software and synthesized by Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All primer sequences used in this study are shown in Table 6.
[0055] Table 6. Primer sequence list of genes related to eyestalk molting in juvenile and larval Procambarus clarkii.
[0056] Figure 4 This is a comparative graph showing the expression of molting-related genes in the eyestalks of juvenile and larval Procambarus clarkii fed with six different diets in Example 2. The bars, from left to right, represent treatment group 1 (D1), treatment group 2 (D2), treatment group 3 (D3), treatment group 4 (D4), treatment group 5 (D5), and treatment group 6 (D6) from Example 1. Figure 4 As shown, with the increase of vitamin D content, the amount of vitamin D in the eye stalk... mTOR and S6K1 The relative expression level did not change significantly in any of the treatment groups. P >0.05); in the eyelid ECR , RXR, E75 and Chitinase The relative expression level showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. MIH and 4EBP1 The relative expression level showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing; in treatment group 3 (D3) and treatment group 4 (D4) ECR , RXR, E75 and Chitinase The expression level was significantly higher than that in treatment group 1 (D1) and treatment group 6 (D6), and in treatment group 3 (D3) and treatment group 4 (D4). MIH and 4EBP1 Significantly lower than treatment group 1 (D1) and treatment group 6 (D6) P <0.05).
[0057] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A vitamin A and D fortified feed for promoting molting and growth of juvenile and larval proswine crayfish, characterized in that, It consists of basic feed and vitamin fortifiers; The basic feed contains the following ingredients in the following weight percentages: fish meal 5%, soybean meal 15%, cottonseed protein 6%, rapeseed meal 13%, peanut meal 10%, corn DDGS 5%, wheat flour 28%, soybean oil 2%, soybean lecithin oil 1.5%, compound vitamins and minerals 1%, sodium alginate 2%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.3%, yeast powder 2%, sodium chloride 0.2%, choline chloride 0.25%, chitosan 0.1%, threonine 0.35%, lysine 0.3%, and methionine 0.1%. The vitamin fortifiers are vitamin A and vitamin D.
2. The vitamin A and D fortified feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of vitamin A added to the feed is 9000-27000 IU / kg.
3. The vitamin A and D fortified feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vitamin D addition amount in the feed is 6000-12000 IU / kg.
4. The vitamin A and D fortified feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed contains 6.05% total fat and 32.3% total protein.
5. The vitamin A and D fortified feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding amount of the vitamin A and D fortified feed is 3% to 5% of the shrimp's body weight per day, fed twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening.
6. The application of the vitamin A and D fortified feed as described in any one of claims 1-5 in promoting the growth of juvenile and crayfish of Procambarus clarkii, increasing molting frequency, reducing feed conversion ratio, and improving intestinal health.