An automated sampling device for agricultural soil microplastic samples

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of soil micro-plastic sampling, and discloses an automatic sampling device for farmland soil micro-plastic samples, which comprises a working box, a crushing box is installed on the upper surface of the working box, a conveying pipe is installed in the crushing box, a negative pressure generator is arranged in the conveying pipe, a filter screen is installed in the working box, a fixing frame is installed on the outer wall of the conveying pipe, the outer wall of the fixing frame is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the working box, a moving mechanism is arranged on the outer wall of the fixing frame, a discharging frame is installed on the lower surface of the crushing box, an opening and closing mechanism is arranged on the lower surface of the discharging frame, and a hydraulic rod is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the working box. The opening of the discharging frame is opened or closed through the driving of the hydraulic rod, the moving plate and the magnetic block two, quantitative discharging of materials entering the filtering and sorting area is realized, excessive feeding on the filter screen is avoided, and the screening is not sufficient, and the micro-plastic separation is not complete.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil microplastic sampling technology, specifically to an automated sampling device for farmland soil microplastic samples. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread use of plastic film mulching, agricultural packaging materials, and plastic products in agricultural production, a large amount of plastic residue gradually breaks down in the natural environment and forms microplastic particles with smaller particle sizes. These microplastics can enter the farmland soil system through tillage activities, irrigation, and natural sedimentation, potentially affecting soil structure, crop growth, and the ecological environment.

[0003] Existing automated sampling and processing devices for microplastic samples in farmland soil often use direct pouring or continuous conveying to feed soil samples to the filtration or sieving area. When the soil sample enters the filtration area, it is easy to form local accumulation on the filter screen surface, which hinders the smooth passage of soil particles through the filtration structure, resulting in insufficient sieving and affecting the separation effect of microplastics. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an automated sampling device for microplastic samples from farmland soil, solving the problem that direct dumping or continuous conveying of feed materials can easily lead to localized accumulation on the filter screen surface.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an automated sampling device for microplastic samples of farmland soil, comprising a working box, a crushing box mounted on the upper surface of the working box, a conveying pipe installed inside the crushing box, a negative pressure generator installed inside the conveying pipe, the lower surface of the negative pressure generator mounted on the upper surface of the working box, a filter screen installed inside the working box, a fixing frame mounted on the outer wall of the conveying pipe, the outer wall of the fixing frame fixedly connected to the outer wall of the working box, a moving mechanism provided on the outer wall of the fixing frame, a feeding frame mounted on the lower surface of the crushing box, an opening and closing mechanism provided on the lower surface of the feeding frame, a hydraulic rod fixedly connected to the outer wall of the working box, a moving plate fixedly connected to the output end of the hydraulic rod, the outer wall of the moving plate slidably connected to the inside of the working box, and a magnetic block II mounted on the upper surface of the moving plate.

[0006] The above scheme utilizes a negative pressure generator to create negative pressure inside the conveying pipe, which flows into the crushing box. This facilitates the transport of soil collected by the moving mechanism, crushes the sampled soil, and temporarily stores the crushed soil through the cooperation of the feeding frame and the opening and closing mechanism. The movement of the magnetic block and the moving plate attracts the magnetic components of the opening and closing mechanism, thereby driving the mechanism and discharging the material inside the feeding frame. The filter screen is designed with appropriate pore size to filter out soil and microplastics.

[0007] Preferably, the opening and closing mechanism includes a rectangular plate, the upper surface of which is disposed on the lower surface of the unloading frame. A trapezoidal block is mounted on the upper surface of the rectangular plate, and the outer wall of the trapezoidal block is slidably connected to the interior of the unloading frame. A buffer block is disposed on the outer wall of the rectangular plate, and the upper surface of the buffer block is mounted on the lower surface of the unloading frame. A magnetic block is mounted on the lower surface of the rectangular plate, and the magnetic blocks are magnetically attracted to each other on opposite sides. A helical spring is fixedly connected between the rectangular plate and the working box.

[0008] Preferably, the moving mechanism includes an electric push rod, the upper surface of which is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the fixed frame, and an electric gripper fixedly connected to the output end of the electric push rod. The electric gripper is conical and its interior is slidably connected to the outer wall of the fixed frame.

[0009] Preferably, the interior of the work box is provided with a trapezoidal groove, the inner wall of the trapezoidal groove is slidably connected with an iron rod, and the inner wall of the work box is fixedly connected with a magnetic block three, and the iron rod is magnetically attracted to the magnetic block three.

[0010] Preferably, a cleaning plate is installed on the outer wall of the iron rod, the outer wall of the cleaning plate is rotatably connected to the inside of the movable plate, an elastic element is provided between the cleaning plate and the movable plate, the cleaning plate is located on the upper side of the filter screen, and a fixing rod is installed on the outer wall of the cleaning plate.

[0011] Preferably, a blower is installed on the outer wall of the working box, and an exhaust pipe is provided at the output end of the blower. The outer wall of the exhaust pipe is located inside the working box and below the filter screen.

[0012] Preferably, the outer wall of the fixing rod is provided with a limiting plate, and a collection box is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the limiting plate. The outer wall of the collection box is installed on the outer wall of the working box.

[0013] Preferably, an elastic pad is provided on the upper side of the limiting plate, and the outer wall of the elastic pad is installed inside the collection box.

[0014] Preferably, hollow cylinders are provided at both ends of the limiting plate, and the outer wall of the hollow cylinders is installed inside the collection box.

[0015] Preferably, one end of a torsion spring is fixedly connected inside the hollow cylinder, and the other end of the torsion spring is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the limiting plate.

[0016] Working principle: The moving mechanism grabs farmland soil with grippers, and the negative pressure generator in the conveying pipe generates negative pressure airflow to transport the collected soil to the crushing box for crushing pretreatment. The crushed soil enters the working box through the feeding frame. The hydraulic rod drives the moving plate and magnetic block II to move, generating magnetic attraction with the magnetic components of the opening and closing mechanism, opening the feeding port of the feeding frame, allowing the soil to fall into the filter screen for filtration of soil and microplastics in order to obtain microplastic samples. The opening and closing mechanism enables batch or quantitative feeding, making the material flow into the filtration area more stable.

[0017] This invention provides an automated sampling device for microplastic samples from farmland soil. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention opens or closes the opening of the feeding frame by means of the opening and closing mechanism driven by the hydraulic rod, the moving plate and the second magnetic block, so as to realize the quantitative feeding of the material entering the filtration and sorting area, and avoid the accumulation of excessive material on the filter screen, which would lead to insufficient screening and incomplete separation of microplastics.

[0018] 2. This invention uses the cooperation of a moving plate, a trapezoidal groove, an iron rod, a cleaning plate, an elastic element, and a magnetic block to push the lightweight microplastic particles remaining on the upper side of the filter screen for collection. When the cleaning plate resets, it will not push the material on the upper side of the filter screen to accumulate locally, ensuring stable and reliable operation of the device and achieving stable screening and collection effects with unidirectional feeding, no material accumulation, and no screen blockage.

[0019] 3. This invention forms a closed loop through the entire process of sampling, crushing, feeding, separation and collection, and can be completed without human intervention, which greatly improves the degree of automation and work efficiency.

[0020] 4. This invention, through the cooperation of a limiting plate, elastic pad, hollow cylinder and torsion spring, and driven by a cleaning plate and a fixing rod, opens the collection box in time when collecting microplastic samples and closes the collection box in time after collection is completed. This not only realizes the automatic temporary storage of samples, which is convenient for subsequent transportation and testing, but also avoids the mixing of soil particles and impurities. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of the fixed frame of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the working box of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a partial structural diagram of the feeding frame of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a partial structural diagram of the trapezoidal block of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a partial structural diagram of the cleaning plate of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a partial structural diagram of the elastic pad of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the collection box of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the internal structure of the hollow cylinder of the present invention.

[0022] The components are as follows: 1. Working box; 2. Crushing box; 3. Conveying pipe; 4. Negative pressure generator; 5. Fixed frame; 6. Moving mechanism; 601. Electric push rod; 602. Electric gripper; 7. Discharge frame; 8. Opening and closing mechanism; 801. Rectangular plate; 802. Trapezoidal block; 803. Buffer block; 804. Magnetic block one; 805. Helical spring; 9. Hydraulic rod; 10. Moving plate; 11. Magnetic block two; 12. Filter screen; 13. Trapezoidal groove; 14. Iron rod; 15. Cleaning plate; 16. Elastic element; 17. Magnetic block three; 18. Fixed rod; 19. Blower; 20. Exhaust pipe; 21. Collection box; 22. Limiting plate; 23. Elastic pad; 24. Hollow cylinder; 25. Torsion spring. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Please see the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 4 This invention provides an automated sampling device for microplastic samples of farmland soil, including a working box 1, a crushing box 2 installed on the upper surface of the working box 1, a conveying pipe 3 installed inside the crushing box 2, a negative pressure generator 4 installed inside the conveying pipe 3, the lower surface of the negative pressure generator 4 installed on the upper surface of the working box 1, a filter screen 12 installed inside the working box 1, a fixing frame 5 installed on the outer wall of the conveying pipe 3, the outer wall of the fixing frame 5 fixedly connected to the outer wall of the working box 1, a moving mechanism 6 provided on the outer wall of the fixing frame 5, a feeding frame 7 installed on the lower surface of the crushing box 2, an opening and closing mechanism 8 provided on the lower surface of the feeding frame 7, a hydraulic rod 9 fixedly connected to the outer wall of the working box 1, a moving plate 10 fixedly connected to the output end of the hydraulic rod 9, the outer wall of the moving plate 10 slidably connected to the inside of the working box 1, and a magnetic block 11 installed on the upper surface of the moving plate 10.

[0025] Specifically, the negative pressure generator 4 and the moving mechanism 6 work together to sample the farmland soil and transport it to the crushing box 2. The soil is crushed by the appropriate crushing blades inside the crushing box 2. The crushed sample is temporarily stored by the feeding frame 7 and the opening and closing mechanism 8. When the hydraulic rod 9 drives the moving plate 10 and the magnetic block 11 to run, the magnetic components of the magnetic block 11 and the opening and closing mechanism 8 open or close the opening on the lower side of the feeding frame 7 to achieve quantitative feeding of the material entering the filtration area. This avoids insufficient screening and incomplete separation of microplastics due to too much or too little feeding. Moreover, the above operations can be completed without manual intervention, forming a closed loop for the entire process of sampling, crushing, feeding, separation and subsequent collection, which greatly improves the degree of automation and operation efficiency.

[0026] Please see the appendix Figure 4 - Appendix Figure 5 The opening and closing mechanism 8 includes a rectangular plate 801, the upper surface of which is disposed on the lower surface of the unloading frame 7. A trapezoidal block 802 is mounted on the upper surface of the rectangular plate 801. The outer wall of the trapezoidal block 802 is slidably connected to the inside of the unloading frame 7. A buffer block 803 is disposed on the outer wall of the rectangular plate 801. The upper surface of the buffer block 803 is mounted on the lower surface of the unloading frame 7. A magnetic block 804 is mounted on the lower surface of the rectangular plate 801. Magnetic block 804 and magnetic block 805 are magnetically attracted to each other on opposite sides. A helical spring 805 is fixedly connected between the rectangular plate 801 and the working box 1.

[0027] Specifically, the movement of the trapezoidal block 802 is supported and limited by the interior of the feeding frame 7, thereby also supporting and limiting the movement of the rectangular plate 801. The helical spring 805 not only keeps the position of the rectangular plate 801 stable, but also limits the range of movement of the rectangular plate 801. The buffer block 803 buffers the impact of the rectangular plate 801 when the elastic force of the helical spring 805 returns to its original position. The magnetic block 1 804 and magnetic block 2 11 attract each other on opposite sides, making it easy to open or close the opening on the lower side of the feeding frame 7 by being driven by magnetic block 2 11 and its connecting parts.

[0028] Please see the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 2 The moving mechanism 6 includes an electric push rod 601. The upper surface of the electric push rod 601 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the fixed frame 5. An electric gripper 602 is fixedly connected to the output end of the electric push rod 601. The electric gripper 602 is conical and its interior is slidably connected to the outer wall of the fixed frame 5.

[0029] Specifically, since the electric gripper 602 is cone-shaped, it drives the grippers on both sides to grab soil of appropriate size from the farmland. The electric push rod 601 is used to drive the electric gripper 602 to move up and down. Since the fixed frame 5 is inside the electric gripper 602, the soil grabbed by the electric gripper 602 is transported through the conveying component.

[0030] Please see the appendix Figure 3 - Appendix Figure 6 The work box 1 has a trapezoidal groove 13 inside, and an iron rod 14 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the trapezoidal groove 13. A magnetic block 3 17 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the work box 1, and the iron rod 14 is magnetically attracted to the magnetic block 3 17.

[0031] Specifically, the trapezoidal groove 13 is set in the positive direction, with the short groove on the upper side and the long groove on the lower side. Then, the magnetic block 17 is located on the front side of the work box 1. The iron rod 14 initially slides forward in the long groove. When the iron rod 14 moves backward, it passes the inclined side of the trapezoidal groove 13, causing the iron rod 14 to move upward. When the iron rod 14 moves backward to the appropriate position, it moves downward to reset.

[0032] Please see the appendix Figure 4 - Appendix Figure 6 A cleaning plate 15 is installed on the outer wall of the iron rod 14. The outer wall of the cleaning plate 15 is rotatably connected to the inside of the movable plate 10. An elastic element 16 is provided between the cleaning plate 15 and the movable plate 10. The cleaning plate 15 is located on the upper side of the filter screen 12. A fixing rod 18 is installed on the outer wall of the cleaning plate 15.

[0033] Specifically, the cleaning plate 15 moves above the filter screen 12 to push the material accumulated on the upper side of the filter screen 12. At the same time, the movement of the cleaning plate 15 can also assist in filtering the material entering the filtration area of ​​the filter screen 12. The elastic element 16 limits the backward rotation of the cleaning plate 15 to ensure that the cleaning plate 15 and the moving plate 10 move synchronously.

[0034] Please see the appendix Figure 6 A blower 19 is installed on the outer wall of the working box 1. An exhaust pipe 20 is provided at the output end of the blower 19. The outer wall of the exhaust pipe 20 is located inside the working box 1 and below the filter screen 12.

[0035] Specifically, the arrangement of the blower 19 and the exhaust pipe 20 facilitates the provision of upward buoyancy to the filtration area of ​​the filter screen 12, so that lightweight microplastic particles remain on the upper side of the filter screen 12, while heavy soil particles are discharged through the filter screen 12.

[0036] Please see the appendix Figure 3 - Appendix Figure 9A limiting plate 22 is provided on the outer wall of the fixed rod 18. A collection box 21 is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the limiting plate 22. The outer wall of the collection box 21 is installed on the outer wall of the working box 1. An elastic pad 23 is provided on the upper side of the limiting plate 22. The outer wall of the elastic pad 23 is installed inside the collection box 21. Hollow cylinders 24 are provided at both ends of the limiting plate 22. The outer walls of the hollow cylinders 24 are installed inside the collection box 21. One end of a torsion spring 25 is fixedly connected inside the hollow cylinder 24. The other end of the torsion spring 25 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the limiting plate 22.

[0037] Specifically, the fixed rod 18 facilitates the transmission of the limiting plate 22 to open and close the opening of the collection box 21. The collection box 21 collects the separated microplastic samples. The collection box 21 itself can be installed and removed from the outer wall of the working box 1. The collection box 21 can be installed according to the required space as needed. The elastic pad 23, made of rubber or other elastic material, fills the gap between the upper side of the limiting plate 22 and the collection box 21. The rotation of the limiting plate 22 is supported by the hollow cylinder 24 and the inside of the collection box 21. The torsion spring 25 not only limits the rotation of the limiting plate 22, but also facilitates the reset of the limiting plate 22 after rotation.

[0038] Workflow: The electric actuator 601 drives the electric gripper 602 to penetrate the farmland and collect soil samples. The electric gripper 602 automatically grabs soil that can pass through the conveying pipe 3. Then, the electric gripper 602 resets, and the negative pressure generator 4 generates a negative pressure airflow. The collected soil is sucked in through the conveying pipe 3 and transported to the crushing box 2 for crushing. The soil clods are broken into fine particles. The crushed soil enters the feeding frame 7. The hydraulic rod 9 drives the moving plate 10 and the second magnetic block 11 to move. They are magnetically attracted to the first magnetic block 804, which squeezes the spiral spring 805, thereby pulling the rectangular plate 801 to open the feeding port of the feeding frame 7, allowing the soil to fall into the filter screen 12 in the working box 1 for quantitative feeding. The blower 19 sends air to the filter screen 12 from bottom to top through the exhaust pipe 20. The appropriate airflow retains the light microplastic particles on the upper side of the filter screen 12, while the heavy soil particles pass through the filter screen 12 and are discharged.

[0039] When the hydraulic rod 9 drives the moving plate 10, the elastic force of the elastic element 16 causes the cleaning plate 15 and the moving plate 10 to move synchronously toward the collection box 21. The cleaning plate 15 pushes the microplastic particles left on the upper side of the filter screen 12 toward the collection box 21. After the cleaning plate 15 moves to the appropriate position, the fixing rod 18 pushes against the limiting plate 22 and rotates, causing the torsion spring 25 to deform and open the opening of the collection box 21 to facilitate the collection of microplastic particles.

[0040] When the moving plate 10 is reset by the hydraulic rod 9, the iron rod 14 slides on the inner wall of the trapezoidal groove 13, and the magnetic block 17 is located on the side close to the collection box 21. The magnetic attraction of the magnetic block 17 to the iron rod 14 provides an upward force for the cleaning plate 15. When the cleaning plate 15 and the moving plate 10 are reset to the rear, the inclined side of the trapezoidal groove 13 causes the cleaning plate 15 to rotate forward as it moves, creating an intermittent contact with the filter screen 12. This prevents the material on the upper side of the filter screen 12 from accumulating to the rear. When the cleaning plate 15 moves to a suitable rear position, the inclined side of the trapezoidal groove 13 causes the cleaning plate 15 to be reset and contact the filter screen 12 when it moves forward.

[0041] As the cleaning plate 15 drives the fixing rod 18 to the collection box 21, the fixing rod 18 no longer limits the limiting plate 22. Under the reset force of the torsion spring 25, the limiting plate 22 rotates, thereby closing the opening of the collection box 21. This prevents other substances from entering the interior of the collection box 21 when microplastic particles are not being collected. The elastic pad 23 not only adapts to the rotation of the limiting plate 22, but also reduces the gap between the rotating part of the limiting plate 22 and the collection box 21.

[0042] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An automated sampling device for microplastic samples of farmland soil, comprising a working box (1), characterized in that: The upper surface of the working box (1) is equipped with a crushing box (2), the inside of the crushing box (2) is equipped with a conveying pipe (3), the inside of the conveying pipe (3) is equipped with a negative pressure generator (4), the lower surface of the negative pressure generator (4) is installed on the upper surface of the working box (1), the inside of the working box (1) is equipped with a filter screen (12), the outer wall of the conveying pipe (3) is equipped with a fixing frame (5), the outer wall of the fixing frame (5) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the working box (1), the outer wall of the fixing frame (5) is equipped with a moving mechanism (6), the lower surface of the crushing box (2) is equipped with a feeding frame (7), the lower surface of the feeding frame (7) is equipped with an opening and closing mechanism (8), the outer wall of the working box (1) is fixedly connected with a hydraulic rod (9), the output end of the hydraulic rod (9) is fixedly connected with a moving plate (10), the outer wall of the moving plate (10) is slidably connected to the inside of the working box (1), and the upper surface of the moving plate (10) is equipped with a magnetic block two (11).

2. The automated sampling device for microplastic samples of farmland soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opening and closing mechanism (8) includes a rectangular plate (801), the upper surface of which is disposed on the lower surface of the unloading frame (7), a trapezoidal block (802) is mounted on the upper surface of the rectangular plate (801), the outer wall of the trapezoidal block (802) is slidably connected to the inside of the unloading frame (7), a buffer block (803) is disposed on the outer wall of the rectangular plate (801), the upper surface of the buffer block (803) is mounted on the lower surface of the unloading frame (7), a magnetic block one (804) is mounted on the lower surface of the rectangular plate (801), the magnetic block one (804) and the magnetic block two (11) are magnetically attracted to each other on opposite sides, and a helical spring (805) is fixedly connected between the rectangular plate (801) and the working box (1).

3. The automated sampling device for microplastic samples of farmland soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moving mechanism (6) includes an electric push rod (601), the upper surface of which is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the fixed frame (5), and an electric gripper (602) is fixedly connected to the output end of the electric push rod (601). The electric gripper (602) is conical and its interior is slidably connected to the outer wall of the fixed frame (5).

4. The automated sampling device for microplastic samples of farmland soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The work box (1) has a trapezoidal groove (13) inside. An iron rod (14) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the trapezoidal groove (13). A magnetic block three (17) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the work box (1). The iron rod (14) is magnetically attracted to the magnetic block three (17).

5. An automated sampling device for microplastic samples of farmland soil according to claim 4, characterized in that: A cleaning plate (15) is installed on the outer wall of the iron rod (14). The outer wall of the cleaning plate (15) is rotatably connected to the inside of the moving plate (10). An elastic element (16) is provided between the cleaning plate (15) and the moving plate (10). The cleaning plate (15) is located on the upper side of the filter screen (12). A fixing rod (18) is installed on the outer wall of the cleaning plate (15).

6. The automated sampling device for microplastic samples of farmland soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: A blower (19) is installed on the outer wall of the working box (1). An exhaust pipe (20) is provided at the output end of the blower (19). The outer wall of the exhaust pipe (20) is located inside the working box (1) and below the filter screen (12).

7. An automated sampling device for microplastic samples of farmland soil according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer wall of the fixed rod (18) is provided with a limiting plate (22), and the outer wall of the limiting plate (22) is rotatably connected to a collection box (21). The outer wall of the collection box (21) is installed on the outer wall of the working box (1).

8. An automated sampling device for microplastic samples of farmland soil according to claim 7, characterized in that: An elastic pad (23) is provided on the upper side of the limiting plate (22), and the outer wall of the elastic pad (23) is installed inside the collection box (21).

9. An automated sampling device for microplastic samples of farmland soil according to claim 7, characterized in that: Hollow cylinders (24) are provided at both ends of the limiting plate (22), and the outer wall of the hollow cylinders (24) is installed inside the collection box (21).

10. An automated sampling device for microplastic samples of farmland soil according to claim 9, characterized in that: One end of a torsion spring (25) is fixedly connected inside the hollow cylinder (24), and the other end of the torsion spring (25) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the limiting plate (22).

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