Electrolyzer test conversion system for solid oxide fuel cells

Abstract

The application relates to the field of fuel cells, and discloses an electrolytic cell test conversion system for a solid oxide fuel cell, which comprises a SOFC-SOEC stack containing at least one solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) unit; a gas supply system comprising a fuel gas supply assembly, an oxidant gas supply assembly and a purge gas supply assembly connected with the SOFC-SOEC stack; a water supply system in communication with the SOFC-SOEC stack; a temperature control system comprising a high-temperature furnace, a heating element and a temperature sensor, the SOFC-SOEC stack is installed in the high-temperature furnace, the heating element is arranged between the SOFC-SOEC stack and pipelines in communication with the gas supply system and the water supply system, and the temperature sensor is used for measuring the temperature required by the SOFC-SOEC stack during operation; and a safety control system. The electrolytic cell test conversion system can quickly switch between the SOFC power generation mode and the SOEC electrolysis mode, and solves the problem that the prior art can only test the SOFC or the SOEC alone.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fuel cells, and more particularly to a test conversion system for an electrolyzer used in solid oxide fuel cells. Background Technology

[0002] Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are devices capable of switching between fuel cell mode (power generation mode) and electrolyzer mode (electrolysis mode), exhibiting bidirectional operation. In fuel cell mode, an SOFC directly converts chemical energy into electrical energy; while in electrolyzer mode, it uses electrical energy to drive a chemical reaction, producing hydrogen and oxygen. Due to its advantages in energy storage, conversion, and renewable energy utilization, SOFCs hold immense potential in the field of new energy technologies.

[0003] Solid oxide fuel cell test benches are key tools for evaluating the performance of SOFCs and their stacks. Their main functions include:

[0004] 1. Performance Evaluation: The test bench can perform performance tests on SOFC single cells or stacks under different operating conditions, such as voltage-current characteristics and power output, to evaluate their operating efficiency.

[0005] 2. Stability and Durability Testing: Through long-term experiments, the stability and durability of the SOFC system under long-term operation are evaluated, including material aging and performance degradation.

[0006] 3. Environmental adaptability test: By simulating different environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity, the adaptability and stability of SOFC under environmental changes are tested.

[0007] 4. Fuel Flexibility Analysis: Test the adaptability of SOFC to different types of fuels (such as hydrogen, methane, biomass gas, etc.) and their conversion efficiency to help determine the optimal fuel selection.

[0008] 5. Control Strategy Development and Verification: Develop and verify the control strategy for the SOFC system to ensure its efficient and safe operation, including power output regulation and load change management.

[0009] However, existing test benches can usually only test SOFC power generation performance, or only SOEC electrolysis performance, or they integrate the test benches for testing SOFC power generation performance and SOEC electrolysis performance together, which leads to slow switching due to the inability to switch quickly and flexibly. Summary of the Invention

[0010] Based on this, and to address these limitations, the present invention aims to propose a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) electrolyzer test conversion system, specifically designed to overcome the limitation of existing technologies that can only test SOFC or SOEC independently. This electrolyzer test conversion system achieves bidirectional operation of SOFC and electrolyzer by adding an electrolyzer mode during SOFC power generation performance testing. It can simultaneously test the power generation performance of SOFC and the electrolytic performance of SOEC. Software control enables rapid switching between power generation and electrolysis modes, and a gas supply is added to provide water vapor in electrolysis mode. This design aims to simultaneously support operation in both solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and solid oxide electrolyzer (SOEC) modes. This versatility makes the SOFC-EC test conversion system an ideal platform for researching new materials, optimizing system design, and exploring high-efficiency energy conversion technologies, without requiring system reconfiguration. Through automated control and flexible hardware design, this electrolyzer test conversion system not only reduces switching time but also improves testing efficiency and accuracy, while lowering experimental costs.

[0011] A test conversion system for an electrolyzer in a solid oxide fuel cell includes:

[0012] The SOFC-SOEC stack includes at least one solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) unit, which is used for the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy or for the electrolysis of hydrogen.

[0013] The gas supply system includes a fuel gas supply assembly, an oxidizer gas supply assembly, and a purge gas supply assembly connected to the SOFC-SOEC stack.

[0014] A water supply system, connected to the SOFC-SOEC stack, is used to supply deionized water to the SOFC-SOEC stack when hydrogen is generated by electrolyzing water in SOFC power generation mode.

[0015] The temperature control system includes a high-temperature furnace, heating elements, and temperature sensors. The SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack is installed inside the high-temperature furnace. The heating elements are located between the SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack and the gas supply system and water supply system. The temperature sensors are used to measure the temperature required for the SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack to operate.

[0016] The safety management system, connected to the SOFC-SOEC stack, includes an electrochemical workstation for power management and a data acquisition system for real-time recording, monitoring, and adjustment of the SOFC-SOEC stack's operating parameters.

[0017] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the SOFC-SOEC stack includes one or more SOFC units, which have two operating modes: SOFC mode and SOEC mode.

[0018] As a further aspect of the present invention, in SOFC mode, the solid oxide fuel cell unit's stack generates electrical energy through the chemical reaction of fuel gas and oxidant gas; in SOEC mode, the stack is used for electrolysis of water to generate hydrogen.

[0019] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the fuel gas supply assembly includes a fuel gas cylinder, a fuel gas flow meter, a one-way valve I, a flame arrester, and an automatic valve I. The fuel gas flow meter, one-way valve I, flame arrester, and automatic valve I are sequentially installed on the output pipeline of the fuel gas cylinder for supplying fuel gas to the SOFC stack. The fuel gas is hydrogen or methane.

[0020] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the oxidant gas supply assembly includes an air compressor, an air flow meter, a one-way valve II, and an automatic valve II. The air compressor is connected to the SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack via an oxidant gas pipeline. An air flow meter, a one-way valve II, and an automatic valve II are sequentially installed on the oxidant gas pipeline at the output end of the air compressor for supplying oxidant gas to the SOFC stack of the SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack. The oxidant gas is air.

[0021] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the purging gas supply assembly includes a nitrogen cylinder, a nitrogen flow meter, a one-way valve III, an automatic valve III, and a three-way valve I, for providing nitrogen for purging and preventing gas leakage.

[0022] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the water supply system includes a deionized water tank, a metering pump, and an automatic switching valve, wherein the deionized water tank regulates the water flow through the metering pump and the automatic switching valve installed on the pipeline.

[0023] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the automatic valve I in the fuel gas supply assembly is connected to the three-way valve I in the purge gas supply assembly, the three-way valve I is connected to the automatic switching valve of the water supply system through the three-way valve II installed on the pipeline, and the three-way valve II is also connected to the SOFC-SOEC stack through the pipeline.

[0024] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack is mounted in a high-temperature furnace of a temperature control system via a bracket. The heating element is a spring heater heat tracing pipe connecting the automatic valve II and the SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack. The temperature sensor is installed at the anode, cathode, and electrolyte positions of the SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack. The high-temperature furnace and heating element of the temperature control system are used to provide the SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack with an operating temperature of 600°C to 1000°C in both SOFC power generation mode and SOEC electrolysis mode.

[0025] As a further embodiment of the present invention, a steam generator, an automatic valve IV, and a spring heater heat tracing pipe are also installed between the three-way valve II and the SOFC-SOEC stack. The SOFC-SOEC stack is also connected to an air outlet pipe, a gas washing bottle, and a fuel gas outlet pipe. The air outlet pipe is used to discharge excess oxidant gas supplied by the air compressor in the oxidant gas supply assembly. The gas washing bottle is used to collect excess liquid during the purging of the purge gas supply assembly. The fuel gas outlet pipe is used to discharge excess gas during the purging of the purge gas supply assembly and excess fuel gas input from the fuel gas cylinder in the fuel gas supply assembly.

[0026] As a further aspect of the present invention, the safety control system also includes a power-off protection unit for over-temperature protection, over-voltage protection, and short-circuit protection, which is used to perform over-temperature protection, over-voltage protection, and short-circuit protection to ensure the safety of the testing process.

[0027] Compared with existing technologies, the electrolyzer test and conversion system for solid oxide fuel cells proposed in this invention has the following advantages:

[0028] 1. The test conversion system of this invention can quickly switch between SOFC power generation mode and SOEC electrolysis mode, with a switching time of no more than 30 minutes. This high-efficiency switching capability greatly improves experimental testing efficiency, making it particularly suitable for research and development work that requires frequent switching of operating modes. Through the automated control system, components such as the gas supply, water supply system, and temperature control system can be automatically adjusted, reducing manual intervention and operation time, and improving the convenience and accuracy of testing.

[0029] 2. The test conversion system of this invention, through a sophisticated gas supply system including fuel gas, oxidant gas, and purge gas supply components, can flexibly switch as needed to ensure the supply of gases such as hydrogen and air in SOFC power generation mode, and to provide water to support the water electrolysis process in SOEC electrolysis mode. Furthermore, parameters such as gas flow rate and pressure can be precisely controlled, ensuring the stability and accuracy of the gas supply. In addition, the water supply system provides precise water flow regulation, ensuring the water supply required for the electrolysis reaction in SOEC mode, effectively improving the efficiency of hydrogen electrolysis.

[0030] 3. This invention employs a temperature control system, including a high-temperature furnace and a precision temperature control unit, which can accurately regulate the operating temperature of the SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack. The high-temperature furnace provides a stable operating temperature (600℃ to 1000℃) for the stack, and the temperature control unit monitors temperature changes in real time, preventing performance instability or malfunctions due to temperature fluctuations. The uniform heat distribution within the high-temperature furnace ensures that the stack reaches the required temperature environment during operation, thereby improving stack efficiency and service life.

[0031] 4. The data acquisition and monitoring system equipped on the test bench of this invention includes multiple sensors such as temperature, voltage, current, and gas flow rate, which can monitor the working status of the fuel cell stack in real time and record relevant data, achieving high accuracy in data acquisition and monitoring. Furthermore, it is equipped with a comprehensive safety protection system, including multiple protection measures against over-temperature, over-pressure, and hydrogen leakage, ensuring the safe operation of the fuel cell stack and gas system during experiments. In case of abnormalities, the system can automatically cut off the power supply, stop the gas supply, or activate other safety measures, effectively preventing accidents and protecting the safety of experimental personnel.

[0032] 5. The test bench of this invention adopts a modular design, allowing individual system components to be independently replaced or upgraded according to experimental needs. This not only improves the flexibility of the equipment but also facilitates system maintenance and upgrades, reduces equipment failure rates, and extends equipment lifespan. Furthermore, the test conversion system of this invention provides a stable and accurate testing environment. Through automated adjustment systems and precise sensor monitoring, the performance of the fuel cell stack can be optimized under different operating modes. Especially for the performance testing and optimization of solid oxide fuel cells and electrolyzers, it provides more realistic and reliable data support, helping to accelerate the research and product development process.

[0033] 6. The test bench of this invention, through its automated control system, reduces the difficulty of manual intervention and operation, and realizes automatic adjustment of various test parameters, thereby reducing the complexity and error rate of manual operation. In particular, during the switching between SOFC and SOEC working modes, the system automatically adjusts parameters such as gas, temperature, and moisture, reducing interference from human operation and improving the repeatability and stability of the experiment.

[0034] In summary, the solid oxide fuel cell electrolyzer testing and conversion system of the present invention has significant advantages in several aspects, including efficient operating mode switching capability, precise gas and moisture supply system, optimized temperature control system, accurate data acquisition and monitoring, comprehensive safety assurance, and modular design. These advantages enable the electrolyzer testing and conversion system to significantly improve the efficiency, accuracy, and safety of solid oxide fuel cell and electrolyzer testing, making it suitable for laboratory research, technology development, and large-scale testing, and possessing high practical value and application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0036] in:

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electrolytic cell test conversion system for solid oxide fuel cells according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 The figure shows the SOFC test results of the electrolyzer test conversion system for solid oxide fuel cells according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the SOEC test results of the electrolyzer for a solid oxide fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure label:

[0041] 1-Fuel cylinder, 2-Fuel gas flow meter, 3-One-way valve I, 4-Flame arrester, 5-Automatic valve I, 6-Nitrogen cylinder, 7-Nitrogen flow meter, 8-One-way valve III, 9-Automatic valve III, 10-Three-way valve I, 11-Deionized water tank, 12-Metering pump, 13-Automatic switching valve, 14-Three-way valve II, 15-Air compressor, 16-Air flow meter, 17-One-way valve II, 18-Automatic valve II, 19-Steam generator, 20-Automatic valve IV, 21-Spring heater heat tracing pipe, 22-High temperature furnace, 23-SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack, 24-Electrochemical workstation, 25-Air outlet pipe, 26-Gas washing cylinder, 27-Fuel gas outlet pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] To address the limitation of existing test benches that can only test the power generation performance of SOFCs, this invention proposes a test conversion system for an electrolyzer in solid oxide fuel cells. By adding an electrolyzer mode function, it achieves bidirectional operation of both SOFC and electrolyzer modes. It includes a steam generator to provide steam in electrolysis mode, an electrochemical workstation to provide the power required for electrolysis mode and the electronic load for power generation mode, and parameter monitoring and recording functions. This electrolyzer test conversion system, using at least one solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) unit in an SOFC-SOEC stack 23, enables rapid switching between SOFC power generation mode and SOEC electrolysis mode without system reconfiguration. Through automated control and flexible hardware design, this electrolyzer test conversion system not only reduces switching time but also improves testing efficiency and accuracy, while lowering experimental costs.

[0044] See Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a test conversion system for an electrolyzer for a solid oxide fuel cell. The electrolyzer test conversion system includes an SOFC-SOEC stack 23, a gas supply system, a water supply system, a temperature control system, and a safety management system.

[0045] See Figure 1As shown, the SOFC-SOEC stack 23 includes at least one solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) unit. The SOFC unit is used for the conversion of chemical energy to electrical energy or for hydrogen production by electrolysis. The SOFC-SOEC stack 23 is used to switch between SOFC power generation mode and SOEC electrolysis mode, and can simultaneously support the operation of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) mode and solid oxide electrolyzer (SOEC) mode. In this embodiment, the SOFC-SOEC stack 23 includes multiple solid oxide fuel cell units, with two operating modes: SOFC mode and SOEC mode, for the conversion of chemical energy to electrical energy or for hydrogen production by electrolysis. In SOFC mode, the stack of the solid oxide fuel cell unit generates electrical energy through the chemical reaction of fuel gas and oxidant gas; in SOEC mode, the stack is used for the electrolysis of water to generate hydrogen.

[0046] See Figure 1 As shown, the gas supply system includes a fuel gas supply assembly, an oxidant gas supply assembly, and a purge gas supply assembly connected to the SOFC-SOEC stack 23, used to control the gas flow rate and supply method when switching between SOFC power generation mode and SOEC electrolysis mode; wherein:

[0047] The fuel gas supply assembly includes a fuel gas cylinder 1, a fuel gas flow meter 2, a one-way valve I3, a flame arrester 4, and an automatic valve I5. The fuel gas cylinder 1 is equipped with the fuel gas flow meter 2, the one-way valve I3, the flame arrester 4, and the automatic valve I5 in sequence on its output pipeline for supplying fuel gas to the SOFC stack. The fuel gas is hydrogen or methane.

[0048] The oxidant gas supply assembly includes an air compressor 15, an air flow meter 16, a one-way valve II 17, and an automatic valve II 18. The air compressor 15 is connected to the SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack 23 via an oxidant gas pipeline. The air flow meter 16, the one-way valve II 17, and the automatic valve II 18 are sequentially installed on the oxidant gas pipeline at the output end of the air compressor 15 to supply oxidant gas, which is air, to the SOFC stack of the SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack 23.

[0049] The purging gas supply assembly includes a nitrogen cylinder 6, a nitrogen flow meter 7, a one-way valve III 8, an automatic valve III 9, and a three-way valve I 10, which are used to provide nitrogen for purging and prevent gas leakage.

[0050] In this embodiment, the automatic valve I5 in the fuel gas supply assembly is connected to the three-way valve I10 in the purge gas supply assembly. The three-way valve I10 is connected to the automatic switching valve 13 of the water supply system through the three-way valve II14 installed on the pipeline. The three-way valve II14 is also connected to the SOFC-SOEC stack 23 through the pipeline.

[0051] The testing and conversion system of this invention, through a sophisticated gas supply system including fuel gas, oxidant gas, and purge gas supply components, can flexibly switch as needed to ensure the supply of gases such as hydrogen and air in SOFC power generation mode, and to provide water to support the water electrolysis process in SOEC electrolysis mode. Furthermore, parameters such as gas flow rate and pressure can be precisely controlled, ensuring the stability and accuracy of the gas supply. In addition, the water supply system provides precise water flow regulation, ensuring the water supply required for the electrolysis reaction in SOEC mode, effectively improving the efficiency of hydrogen electrolysis.

[0052] See Figure 1 As shown, the water supply system is connected to the SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack 23 and is used to supply deionized water to the SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack 23 when hydrogen is generated by electrolyzing water in SOFC power generation mode. In this embodiment, the water supply system includes a deionized water tank 11, a metering pump 12, and an automatic switching valve 13. The deionized water tank 11 regulates the water flow through the metering pump 12 and the automatic switching valve 13 installed on the pipeline.

[0053] See Figure 1 As shown, the temperature control system includes a high-temperature furnace 22, heating elements, and a temperature sensor. The SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack is installed inside the high-temperature furnace. The heating elements are located between the SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack and the gas supply system and water supply system. The temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature required for the SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack to operate. The temperature control system can maintain the temperature required for the SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack 23 to operate in both SOFC power generation mode and SOEC electrolysis mode, and adjust the temperature.

[0054] In this embodiment, the SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack 23 is mounted in the high-temperature furnace 22 of the temperature control system via a bracket. The heating element is a spring heater heat tracing pipe 21 that connects the automatic valve II 18 and the SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack 23. The temperature sensor is installed at the anode, cathode, and electrolyte positions of the SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack 23. The high-temperature furnace 22 and the heating element of the temperature control system are used to provide the SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack 23 with an operating temperature of 600°C to 1000°C in both SOFC power generation mode and SOEC electrolysis mode.

[0055] This invention employs a temperature control system, including a high-temperature furnace 22 and a precision temperature control unit, which can accurately regulate the operating temperature of the SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack 23. The high-temperature furnace 22 provides a stable operating temperature (600℃ to 1000℃) for the fuel cell stack, and the temperature control unit monitors temperature changes in real time, preventing performance instability or malfunctions caused by temperature fluctuations. The uniform heat distribution within the high-temperature furnace 22 ensures that the fuel cell stack reaches the required temperature environment during operation, thereby improving its efficiency and service life.

[0056] See Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, a steam generator 19, an automatic valve IV 20, and a spring heater heat tracing pipe 21 are also installed between the three-way valve II 14 and the SOFC-SOEC stack 23. The SOFC-SOEC stack 23 is also connected to an air outlet pipe 25, a gas washing bottle 26, and a fuel gas outlet pipe 27. The air outlet pipe 25 is used to discharge excess oxidant gas supplied by the air compressor 15 in the oxidant gas supply assembly. The gas washing bottle 26 is used to collect excess liquid during the purging of the purging gas supply assembly. The fuel gas outlet pipe 27 is used to discharge excess gas during the purging of the purging gas supply assembly and excess fuel gas input from the fuel gas cylinder 1 in the fuel gas supply assembly.

[0057] In this embodiment, the testing steps for the electrolyzer conversion system for solid oxide fuel cells are as follows:

[0058] (1) SOFC mode start-up (fuel cell power generation):

[0059] Ensure that the SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack 23 has been installed in the high-temperature furnace 22 and that all temperature control devices (such as heating elements) have been turned on.

[0060] Start the fuel gas supply system to ensure that hydrogen or methane is supplied to the SOFC stack, and regulate the gas flow rate via automatic valve I5.

[0061] Start the oxidizer gas supply system (air compressor 15) to ensure oxygen or air flow into the SOFC stack. At this point, the SOFC stack generates electricity through the chemical reaction of the oxidizer and fuel.

[0062] The voltage, current and temperature parameters of the SOFC-SOEC stack 23 are monitored in real time using an electrochemical workstation 24 to ensure that it operates stably within the set range.

[0063] Record the electrical energy output of the system and evaluate the power generation efficiency of SOFC.

[0064] (2) Start-up of SOEC mode (hydrogen production by water electrolysis):

[0065] Switch to SOEC mode, shut down the fuel gas supply system, and stop the fuel supply.

[0066] Start the water supply system to ensure that deionized water is accurately supplied to the SOFC-SOEC stack 23 via metering pump 12.

[0067] Adjust the connection between automatic valve I5 and three-way valve I10 in the gas supply system to control the flow rate of nitrogen, so as to ensure the supply of water vapor to the fuel cell stack in electrolysis mode.

[0068] Start the oxidant gas supply system and adjust the air flow to ensure that oxygen is used as an oxidant during the electrolysis process.

[0069] The temperature control system adjusts the high-temperature furnace 22 to ensure that the fuel cell stack operates at a stable temperature between 600°C and 1000°C.

[0070] Record the current and voltage in the stack, monitor the hydrogen production, and evaluate the electrolysis efficiency of SOEC.

[0071] The switching mode involves switching between SOFC and SOEC modes. During the switching process, it is crucial to ensure a smooth transition between the fuel gas and oxidant gas supply components, and to ensure that the switching between the water flow system and the gas flow rate does not conflict. All system pressure, flow rate, and temperature parameters must be thoroughly checked and calibrated before and after the switching process to ensure the equipment can safely and stably switch operating modes.

[0072] See Figure 1 As shown, the safety management system is connected to the SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack 23 and includes an electrochemical workstation 24 for power management and a data acquisition system for real-time recording, monitoring, and adjustment of the operating parameters of the SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack 23. In this embodiment, the safety management system also includes a power-off protection unit for over-temperature protection, over-voltage protection, and short-circuit protection, which performs over-temperature protection, over-voltage protection, and short-circuit protection to ensure the safety of the testing process.

[0073] The safety control system is used to monitor and record various parameters during SOFC operation in real time, such as voltage, current, temperature, and gas flow rate, including over-temperature protection, over-voltage protection, and short-circuit protection, to ensure the safety of the testing process. The test bench of this invention is equipped with a data acquisition and monitoring system, including multiple sensors for temperature, voltage, current, and gas flow rate, which can monitor the stack's operating status in real time and record relevant data, achieving high accuracy in data acquisition and monitoring. Furthermore, it is equipped with a comprehensive safety protection system, including multiple protection measures for over-temperature, over-voltage, and hydrogen leakage, ensuring the safe operation of the stack and gas system during experiments. In case of abnormalities, the system can automatically cut off the power supply, stop the gas supply, or activate other safety measures, effectively preventing accidents and protecting the safety of experimental personnel.

[0074] The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) electrolyzer test conversion system of the present invention can perform efficient and accurate testing and performance evaluation of SOFC stacks and SOEC electrolyzers. The working process includes a preparation stage, a testing stage, a data analysis stage, and a cleanup stage after the test. Specifically:

[0075] 1. Preparation Phase: The preparation phase ensures that all equipment is working properly and provides a stable environment for subsequent testing.

[0076] 1.1 System Check: During the preparation phase, a comprehensive system check is first conducted to ensure the normal operation of all components:

[0077] (1) Gas supply system: Inspect the supply pipelines, flow meters, check valves, automatic valves, and other equipment for fuel gas (hydrogen, methane), oxidizer gas (air), and purge gas (nitrogen) to ensure there are no leaks and that the flow controllers and valves are functioning properly. In particular, for the hydrogen system, it is necessary to ensure the connection and safety of key components such as gas cylinders and flow meters.

[0078] (2) Temperature control system: ensures the normal operation of heating elements, temperature sensors and temperature controllers, and precisely adjusts the working temperature of SOFC stack through temperature control system.

[0079] (3) Power Management System: Check the electrochemical workstation and power control system to ensure that the voltage and current of the fuel cell stack can be accurately monitored and adjusted.

[0080] (4) Data acquisition and monitoring system: Confirm that all sensors (temperature, voltage, current, gas flow, etc.) are working properly and ensure that the data transmission lines are unobstructed.

[0081] (5) Safety protection system: Check the safety functions such as over-temperature protection, over-voltage protection, and short-circuit protection to ensure that they can automatically respond to abnormal situations during the test.

[0082] 1.2 Sample Installation:

[0083] (1) Install SOFC-SOEC stack 23: Install the SOFC stack of SOFC-SOEC stack 23 onto the stand and ensure that the stack connection is firm and well sealed.

[0084] (2) Connect the gas pipelines: Connect the fuel gas, oxidizer gas and purge gas pipelines to the corresponding interfaces of the SOFC stack to ensure smooth gas flow and no leakage.

[0085] (3) Connect the power line: Connect the electrochemical workstation to the SOFC stack to ensure stable transmission of current and voltage.

[0086] (4) Connect temperature sensors: Install temperature sensors in key parts of the SOFC stack (anode, cathode, electrolyte) to monitor the stack temperature in real time.

[0087] 2. Testing Phase: During the testing phase, the entire system is started up according to certain steps to conduct SOFC power generation tests or SOEC electrolysis tests.

[0088] 2.1 Preheating and Start-up:

[0089] (1) Heating system startup: The stack is gradually heated by a high-temperature furnace (such as a heating element) until the temperature rises to the SOFC operating temperature (600°C to 1000°C). This process takes 3-4 hours depending on the stack specifications and material requirements.

[0090] (2) Temperature monitoring: The temperature of the stack is monitored in real time by temperature sensors to ensure that the temperature is evenly distributed and does not exceed the safe range.

[0091] 2.2 Gas Supply:

[0092] (1) Start the gas supply: Start the fuel gas and oxidant gas supply system, and gradually adjust the flow controller to ensure that the gas flow is stable and meets the test requirements.

[0093] (2) Monitoring gas flow rate: The flow rate of gases such as hydrogen and air is monitored in real time through flow sensors to ensure the accuracy of experimental conditions.

[0094] 2.3 Power Management:

[0095] (1) Power on: Turn on the power and gradually increase the load resistance to bring the SOFC stack into working state.

[0096] (2) Monitoring voltage and current: The output voltage and current of the stack are monitored in real time by voltage and current sensors, and the load resistance is adjusted as needed to test the performance of the stack under different loads.

[0097] 2.4 Data Acquisition:

[0098] (1) Start the data acquisition system: turn on the data acquisition module and record key parameters (such as temperature, voltage, current, gas flow rate, etc.) in real time.

[0099] (2) Real-time monitoring: View all parameters in real time through data monitoring software to ensure the stability of the testing process.

[0100] 2.5 Safety Protection:

[0101] (1) Monitoring temperature, pressure and circuit status: Throughout the test, the system continuously monitors the temperature, pressure and circuit status of the stack to ensure that all parameters do not exceed the safety limit and to avoid faults such as over-temperature, over-pressure and short circuit.

[0102] 3. Data Analysis Phase: After the test is completed, the data is organized and analyzed to evaluate the performance of the SOFC stack and generate relevant reports.

[0103] 3.1 Data Preparation:

[0104] (1) Export data: Export test data from the data acquisition system and save it as a CSV or Excel file.

[0105] (2) Data cleaning: Clean the data to remove outliers and noise to ensure the accuracy of the data.

[0106] 3.2 Data Analysis:

[0107] (1) Performance evaluation: Based on the test data, calculate the key performance indicators of the stack such as output power, efficiency, and internal resistance, and evaluate the operating status of the SOFC stack.

[0108] (2) Stability assessment: Analyze the stability of the stack under different load conditions and check for unstable current and voltage fluctuations.

[0109] (3) Fault diagnosis: Based on data changes, analyze possible fault points and causes in the stack and propose optimization solutions.

[0110] 3.3 Report Generation:

[0111] (1) Generate test report: Write a detailed test report, including test purpose, methods, results and conclusions.

[0112] (2) Chart Display: Use charts to display the changing trends of key parameters (such as voltage, current, temperature, gas flow rate, etc.) and present the test results intuitively.

[0113] 4. SOEC Hydrogen Production Testing Mode: After completing the SOFC power generation performance test, the system can switch to SOEC mode for hydrogen production performance testing. The switching process is as follows:

[0114] 4.1 Water supply system management: Open the ion water tank (11), metering pump (12), automatic switch valve (13) and other components, and the water supply system will work normally.

[0115] 4.2 Mode Switching: After the open circuit voltage (OCV) in SOEC mode stabilizes, performance tests such as I / V curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and durability can be performed.

[0116] 4.3 Switching time: The switching time is approximately 30 minutes. The system automatically adjusts the gas, temperature and moisture supply to ensure that the working conditions are suitable for SOEC mode.

[0117] 5. Test Completion Phase: After the test is completed, the system enters the shutdown phase, where necessary shutdown operations and equipment cleanup are performed.

[0118] 5.1 System shutdown:

[0119] (1) Turn off the power: Gradually reduce the load resistance and disconnect the power to shut down the system.

[0120] (2) Shut down the gas supply: shut off the valves for fuel gas, oxidizer gas and purging gas to ensure that there is no residual gas in the gas system.

[0121] (3) Turn off the heating system: Turn off the heating elements and allow the stack to cool naturally to room temperature.

[0122] 5.2 Clean up the site:

[0123] (1) Clean the SOFC stack and test bench to ensure the equipment is clean and tidy.

[0124] (2) Return the test tools and equipment to their original positions and restore the test bench to its initial state to prepare for the next test.

[0125] See Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the SOFC test results indicate an open-circuit voltage of 1.07V, a voltage of 0.68V at a current of 50A, and a power of 34W. The SOEC test results show that at an electrolysis voltage of 1.5V, the current is 60A and the power is 93W. The electrolysis cell testing and conversion system of this invention can operate in dual modes. In SOFC mode, the test bench operates as a fuel cell, directly converting the chemical energy in the fuel into electrical energy. Switching to SOEC mode, the test bench can utilize an external power source to decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen, achieving the conversion of electrical energy into chemical energy, providing strong support for the research and application of SOFC and SOEC technologies. The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) electrolysis cell testing and conversion system of this invention can achieve rapid switching between SOFC power generation mode and SOEC electrolysis mode, providing a stable and accurate testing environment. Through comprehensive system checks, precise gas and moisture supply, a sophisticated temperature and power management system, and a complete data acquisition and analysis process, the high efficiency and reliability of each test are ensured. In addition, the safety protection system, quick switching function, and automated operation design further improve the safety of testing and the ease of operation.

[0126] The test conversion system of this invention can quickly switch between SOFC power generation mode and SOEC electrolysis mode, with a switching time of no more than 30 minutes. This high-efficiency switching capability greatly improves experimental testing efficiency, making it particularly suitable for research and development work that requires frequent switching of operating modes. Through an automated control system, components such as the gas supply, water supply system, and temperature control system can automatically adjust, reducing manual intervention and operation time, and improving the convenience and accuracy of testing.

[0127] The test bench of this invention adopts a modular design, allowing individual system components to be independently replaced or upgraded according to experimental needs. This not only improves the flexibility of the equipment but also facilitates system maintenance and upgrades, reduces equipment failure rates, and extends equipment lifespan. Furthermore, the test conversion system of this invention provides a stable and accurate testing environment. Through automated adjustment systems and precise sensor monitoring, the performance of the fuel cell stack can be optimized under different operating modes. Especially for the performance testing and optimization of solid oxide fuel cells and electrolyzers, it provides more realistic and reliable data support, helping to accelerate the research and product development process.

[0128] The test bench of this invention, through its automated control system, reduces the difficulty of manual intervention and operation, and achieves automatic adjustment of various test parameters, thereby reducing the complexity and error rate of manual operation. In particular, during the switching between SOFC and SOEC operating modes, the system automatically adjusts parameters such as gas, temperature, and moisture, reducing interference from human operation and improving the repeatability and stability of the experiment.

[0129] In summary, the solid oxide fuel cell electrolyzer testing and conversion system of the present invention has significant advantages in several aspects, including efficient operating mode switching capability, precise gas and moisture supply system, optimized temperature control system, accurate data acquisition and monitoring, comprehensive safety assurance, and modular design. These advantages enable the electrolyzer testing and conversion system to significantly improve the efficiency, accuracy, and safety of solid oxide fuel cell and electrolyzer testing, making it suitable for laboratory research, technology development, and large-scale testing, and possessing high practical value and application prospects.

[0130] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0131] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A testing and conversion system for an electrolyzer used in a solid oxide fuel cell, characterized in that, include: An SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack contains at least one SOFC unit, which is used for the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy or for the electrolysis of hydrogen. The gas supply system includes a fuel gas supply assembly, an oxidizer gas supply assembly, and a purge gas supply assembly connected to the SOFC-SOEC stack. A water supply system, connected to the SOFC-SOEC stack, is used to supply deionized water to the SOFC-SOEC stack when hydrogen is generated by electrolysis of water. The temperature control system includes a high-temperature furnace, heating elements, and temperature sensors. The SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack is installed inside the high-temperature furnace. The heating elements are located between the SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack and the gas supply system and water supply system. The temperature sensors are used to measure the temperature required for the SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack to operate. The safety management system, connected to the SOFC-SOEC stack, includes an electrochemical workstation for power management and a data acquisition system for real-time recording, monitoring, and adjustment of the SOFC-SOEC stack's operating parameters.

2. The electrolyzer test and conversion system for solid oxide fuel cells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The SOFC-SOEC stack includes one or more SOFC units and has two operating modes: SOFC mode and SOEC mode.

3. The electrolytic cell testing and conversion system for solid oxide fuel cells according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fuel gas supply assembly includes a fuel gas cylinder, a fuel gas flow meter, a one-way valve I, a flame arrester, and an automatic valve I. The fuel gas cylinder's output pipeline is sequentially equipped with a fuel gas flow meter, a one-way valve I, a flame arrester, and an automatic valve I, for supplying fuel gas to the SOFC stack. The fuel gas is hydrogen or methane.

4. The electrolyzer test and conversion system for solid oxide fuel cells according to claim 3, characterized in that, The oxidant gas supply assembly includes an air compressor, an air flow meter, a one-way valve II, and an automatic valve II. The air compressor is connected to the SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack via an oxidant gas pipeline. An air flow meter, a one-way valve II, and an automatic valve II are sequentially installed on the oxidant gas pipeline at the output end of the air compressor to supply oxidant gas to the SOFC stack of the SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack. The oxidant gas is air.

5. The electrolyzer test and conversion system for solid oxide fuel cells according to claim 4, characterized in that, The purging gas supply assembly includes a nitrogen cylinder, a nitrogen flow meter, a one-way valve III, an automatic valve III, and a three-way valve I, which are used to provide nitrogen for purging and prevent gas leakage.

6. The electrolyzer test and conversion system for solid oxide fuel cells according to claim 5, characterized in that, The water supply system includes a deionized water tank, a metering pump, and an automatic on / off valve. The deionized water tank regulates the water flow through the metering pump and the automatic on / off valve installed on the pipeline.

7. The electrolyzer test and conversion system for solid oxide fuel cells according to claim 6, characterized in that, The automatic valve I in the fuel gas supply assembly is connected to the three-way valve I in the purge gas supply assembly. The three-way valve I is connected to the automatic switching valve of the water supply system through a three-way valve II installed on the pipeline. The three-way valve II is also connected to the SOFC-SOEC stack through a pipeline.

8. The electrolyzer test and conversion system for solid oxide fuel cells according to claim 7, characterized in that, The SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack is mounted in a high-temperature furnace of the temperature control system via a bracket. The heating element is a spring heater heat tracing pipe that connects the automatic valve II and the SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack. The high-temperature furnace and heating element of the temperature control system are used to provide the SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack with an operating temperature of 600°C to 1000°C in both SOFC power generation mode and SOEC electrolysis mode.

9. The electrolyzer test and conversion system for solid oxide fuel cells according to claim 8, characterized in that, The temperature sensors are installed at the anode, cathode, and electrolyte locations of the SOFC-SOEC fuel cell stack.

10. The electrolyzer test and conversion system for solid oxide fuel cells according to claim 8, characterized in that, A steam generator, an automatic valve IV, and a spring heater tracing pipe are also installed between the three-way valve II and the SOFC-SOEC stack. The SOFC-SOEC stack is also connected to an air outlet pipe, a gas washing bottle, and a fuel gas outlet pipe. The air outlet pipe is used to discharge excess oxidizer gas supplied by the air compressor in the oxidizer gas supply assembly. The gas washing bottle is used to collect excess liquid during the purging of the purging gas supply assembly. The fuel gas outlet pipe is used to discharge excess gas during the purging of the purging gas supply assembly and excess fuel gas input from the fuel gas cylinder in the fuel gas supply assembly.

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