Determination of DMRS sequence

Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to determination of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence. In one aspect, a terminal device receives a configuration from a network device, the configuration indicating a DMRS for data using lattice modulation. Based on an activation / deactivation indication, the terminal device determines a DMRS sequence. The terminal device then transmits the DMRS sequence to the network device, the DMRS sequence being associated with an uplink transmission of the data using the lattice modulation.

Description

Cross-reference to related applications

[0001] This application claims priority and benefit to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 737251, filed December 20, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] Various example embodiments relate to the field of communications, and more particularly to devices, methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable storage media for determining a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence. Background Technology

[0003] A communication network can be viewed as a facility that enables communication between two or more communication devices, or provides communication devices with access to a data network. Mobile or wireless communication networks are an example of communication networks.

[0004] Such communication networks operate according to standards, such as those issued by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) or the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). Examples of such standards include the so-called fifth-generation (5G) standard, the sixth-generation (6G) standard, or other standards issued by 3GPP. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Overall, the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure provide a solution for determining DMRS sequences.

[0006] In a first aspect, a terminal device is provided. The terminal device includes: at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the terminal device to at least: receive a configuration from a network device indicating a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for data using lattice modulation; determine a DMRS sequence based on the configuration; and transmit the DMRS sequence to the network device, the DMRS sequence being associated with an uplink transmission of data using lattice modulation.

[0007] In a second aspect, a network device is provided. The network device includes: at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network device to at least: determine a configuration for a terminal device, the configuration indicating a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for data using lattice modulation; transmit the configuration to the terminal device; and receive a DMRS sequence from the terminal device, the DMRS sequence being associated with an uplink transmission of data using lattice modulation.

[0008] In a third aspect, a terminal device is provided. The terminal device includes: at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network device to at least: receive a configuration from the network device indicating a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for data using trellis modulation; determine a DMRS sequence utilizing frequency domain spectral shaping (FDSS) based on the configuration; and transmit the DMRS sequence to the network device, the DMRS sequence being associated with an uplink transmission of data using trellis modulation.

[0009] In a fourth aspect, a network device is provided. The network device includes: at least one processor and at least one memory, the at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network device to at least: determine a configuration for a terminal device, the configuration indicating a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for data using trellis modulation; transmit the configuration to the terminal device; and receive from the terminal device a DMRS sequence utilizing frequency domain spectrum shaping (FDSS), the DMRS sequence utilizing frequency domain spectrum shaping (FDSS) associated with an uplink transmission of data using trellis modulation.

[0010] In a fifth aspect, a method is provided. The method includes: receiving, at a terminal device and from a network device, a configuration indicating a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for data using trellis modulation; determining a DMRS sequence based on the configuration; and transmitting the DMRS sequence to the network device, the DMRS sequence being associated with an uplink transmission of data using trellis modulation.

[0011] In a sixth aspect, a method is provided. The method includes: at a network device, determining a configuration for a terminal device, the configuration indicating a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for data using trellis modulation; sending the configuration to the terminal device; and receiving a DMRS sequence from the terminal device, the DMRS sequence being associated with an uplink transmission of data using trellis modulation.

[0012] In a seventh aspect, a method is provided. The method includes: receiving, at a terminal device and from a network device, a configuration indicating a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for data using trellis modulation; determining a DMRS sequence utilizing frequency domain spectral shaping (FDSS) based on the configuration; and transmitting the DMRS sequence to the network device, the DMRS sequence being associated with an uplink transmission of data using trellis modulation.

[0013] In an eighth aspect, a method is provided. The method includes: determining a configuration at a network device that indicates a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for data using trellis modulation; sending the configuration to a terminal device; and receiving from the terminal device a DMRS sequence utilizing frequency domain spectrum shaping (FDSS), the DMRS sequence utilizing frequency domain spectrum shaping (FDSS) being associated with an uplink transmission of data using trellis modulation.

[0014] In a ninth aspect, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes: components for receiving, at a terminal device and from a network device, a configuration indicating a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for data using trellis modulation; components for determining a DMRS sequence based on the configuration; and components for transmitting the DMRS sequence to the network device, the DMRS sequence being associated with an uplink transmission of data using trellis modulation.

[0015] In a tenth aspect, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes: components for determining, at a network device, a configuration for a terminal device, the configuration indicating a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for data using trellis modulation; components for transmitting the configuration to the terminal device; and components for receiving a DMRS sequence from the terminal device, the DMRS sequence being associated with an uplink transmission of data using trellis modulation.

[0016] In an eleventh aspect, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes: components for receiving, at a terminal device and from a network device, a configuration indicating a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for data using trellis modulation; components for determining a DMRS sequence utilizing frequency domain spectrum shaping (FDSS) based on the configuration; and components for transmitting the DMRS sequence to the network device, the DMRS sequence being associated with an uplink transmission of data using trellis modulation.

[0017] In a twelfth aspect, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes: components for determining a configuration at a network device, the configuration indicating a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for data using trellis modulation; components for transmitting the configuration to a terminal device; and components for receiving from the terminal device a DMRS sequence utilizing frequency domain spectrum shaping (FDSS), the DMRS sequence utilizing frequency domain spectrum shaping (FDSS) associated with an uplink transmission of data using trellis modulation.

[0018] In a thirteenth aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium is provided, including program instructions for causing a device to perform at least the method according to any one of the fifth to eighth aspects described above.

[0019] In the fourteenth aspect, a computer program including instructions is provided, which, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform at least the method according to any one of the fifth to eighth aspects described above.

[0020] In a fifteenth aspect, a terminal device is provided. The terminal device includes: a receiving circuitry configured to receive a configuration from a network device, the configuration indicating a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for data using trellis modulation; a determining circuitry configured to determine a DMRS sequence based on the configuration; and a transmitting circuitry configured to transmit a DMRS sequence to the network device, the DMRS sequence being associated with an uplink transmission of data using trellis modulation.

[0021] In a sixteenth aspect, a network device is provided. The network device includes: a determining circuitry configured to determine a configuration for a terminal device, the configuration indicating a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for data using trellis modulation; a transmitting circuitry configured to transmit the configuration to the terminal device; and a receiving circuitry configured to receive a DMRS sequence from the terminal device, the DMRS sequence being associated with an uplink transmission of data using trellis modulation.

[0022] In a seventeenth aspect, a terminal device is provided. The terminal device includes: a receiving circuitry configured to receive a configuration from a network device, the configuration indicating a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for data using trellis modulation; a determining circuitry configured to determine a DMRS sequence utilizing frequency domain spectral shaping (FDSS) based on the configuration; and a transmitting circuitry configured to transmit a DMRS sequence to the network device, the DMRS sequence being associated with an uplink transmission of data using trellis modulation.

[0023] In an eighteenth aspect, a network device is provided. The network device includes: a determining circuit system configured to determine a configuration indicating a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for data using trellis modulation; a transmitting circuit system configured to transmit the configuration to a terminal device; and a receiving circuit system configured to receive from the terminal device a DMRS sequence utilizing frequency domain spectrum shaping (FDSS), the DMRS sequence utilizing frequency domain spectrum shaping (FDSS) associated with an uplink transmission of data using trellis modulation.

[0024] It should be understood that the summary portion is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of this disclosure, nor is it intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Other features of this disclosure will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Some exemplary embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0026] Figure 1A The illustration shows an example network environment in which exemplary embodiments of this disclosure may be implemented;

[0027] Figure 1B An example of a state machine is illustrated;

[0028] Figure 1C The illustration shows an example constraint on the spectral flatness requirement for an EVM equalizer with the maximum permissible variation.

[0029] Figure 1D The diagram illustrates an example block diagram for DMRS signal generation.

[0030] Figure 2 The illustration shows example signaling diagrams illustrating example processes according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 3 An example of grid-based DMRS generation is illustrated;

[0032] Figure 4 The illustration shows a first example of grid-based DMRS generation;

[0033] Figure 5 The illustration shows a second example of grid-based DMRS generation;

[0034] Figure 6 Examples of non-zero crossing and zero crossing are illustrated;

[0035] Figure 7 The illustration shows another example signaling diagram illustrating example processes according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0036] Figure 8 Another example process according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is illustrated;

[0037] Figure 9 The illustration shows a flowchart of a method implemented at a terminal device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0038] Figure 10 The illustration shows a flowchart of a method implemented at a network device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0039] Figure 11 The illustration shows a flowchart of a method implemented at a terminal device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0040] Figure 12 The illustration shows a flowchart of a method implemented at a network device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0041] Figure 13A simplified block diagram of an apparatus suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure is illustrated; and

[0042] Figure 14 A block diagram of an example computer-readable medium according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0043] Throughout the accompanying drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The principles of this disclosure will now be described with reference to some exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are described for illustrative purposes only and to assist those skilled in the art in understanding and implementing this disclosure, and do not imply any limitation on the scope of this disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various ways other than those described below.

[0045] In the following description and claims, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0046] In this disclosure, references to "an embodiment," "an embodiment," "an example embodiment," etc., indicate that the described embodiments may include specific features, structures, or characteristics, but not every embodiment necessarily includes that specific feature, structure, or characteristic. Furthermore, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Additionally, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, those skilled in the art will recognize that, whether explicitly described or not, incorporating other embodiments to affect such a feature, structure, or characteristic is within their knowledge.

[0047] It should be understood that although the terms “first” and “second”, etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one element from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the exemplary embodiments, a first element may be referred to as a second element, and similarly, a second element may be referred to as a first element. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.

[0048] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that when the terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” “having,” “including,” and / or “containing” are used herein, the presence of the stated features, elements, and / or components is specified, but the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components, and / or combinations thereof is not excluded. As used herein, “at least one of the following: ” and “at least one of ” and similar wording (where the list of two or more elements is connected by “and” or “or”) means at least any one of these elements, or at least any two or more of these elements, or at least all of these elements.

[0049] As used in this application, the term "circuit system" may refer to one or more or all of the following: (a) Hardware circuit implementation only (such as implementation only in analog and / or digital circuit systems); and (b) A combination of hardware circuitry and software, such as (if applicable): (i) A combination of (multiple) analog and / or digital hardware circuits having software / firmware, and (ii) Any part of a hardware processor(s) having software (including (multiple) digital signal processors, software, and (multiple) memories, which work together to enable a device (such as a mobile phone or server) to perform various functions); and (c) (multiple) hardware circuits and / or (multiple) processors, such as (multiple) microprocessors or a portion thereof, which require software (e.g., firmware) to operate, but may be absent when operation is not required.

[0050] This definition of circuit system applies to all uses of the term in this application (including in any claim). As another example, as used in this application, the term circuit system also covers only hardware circuitry or a processor (or multiple processors) or portions of hardware circuitry or a processor and its accompanying software and / or firmware implementation. For example, and if applicable to a particular claim element, the term circuit system also covers baseband integrated circuits or processor integrated circuits for mobile devices, or similar integrated circuits in servers, cellular network devices or other computing or network devices.

[0051] As used herein, the term "communication network" refers to a network that conforms to any suitable communication standard, such as New Radio (NR), Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-A Advanced (LTE-A), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA), Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), etc. Furthermore, communication between terminal devices and network devices in the communication network can be performed according to any suitable intergenerational communication protocol, including but not limited to first-generation (1G), second-generation (2G), 2.5G, 2.75G, third-generation (3G), fourth-generation (4G), 4.5G, fifth-generation (5G), sixth-generation (6G), and / or any other currently known or to be developed in the future communication protocols. Embodiments of this disclosure can be applied to various communication systems. Due to the rapid development of communication, there will naturally be future types of communication technologies and systems that can be utilized to implement this disclosure. The scope of this disclosure should not be considered limited to the systems described above.

[0052] As used herein, the term "network device" refers to a node in a communications network through which terminal devices access the network and receive services. A network device can refer to a base station (BS) or access point (AP), such as a Node B (NodeB or NB), an evolved Node B (eNodeB or eNB), a New Radio (NR) NB (also known as a gNB), a Remote Radio Unit (RRU), a Radio Header (RH), a Remote Radio Header End (RRH), a relay, or a low-power node (such as a femtosecond, picosecond, etc.), depending on the terminology and technology used.

[0053] The term "terminal device" refers to any terminal device capable of wireless communication. As an example and not a limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE), subscriber station (SS), portable subscriber station, mobile station (MS), or access terminal (AT). Terminal devices may include, but are not limited to, mobile phones, cellular phones, smartphones, Voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, tablets, wearable terminal devices, personal digital assistants (PDAs), portable computers, desktop computers, image capture terminal devices (such as digital cameras), gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback devices, in-vehicle wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop embedded devices (LEEs), laptop devices (LMEs), USB dongles, smart devices, wireless customer premises equipment (CPEs), Internet of Things (IoT) devices, watches or other wearable devices, head-mounted displays (HMDs), vehicles, drones, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in industrial and / or automated processing chain environments), consumer electronic devices, devices operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, etc. In the following description, the terms "terminal equipment", "communication equipment", "terminal", "user equipment" and "UE" are used interchangeably.

[0054] Figure 1A The illustration depicts an example network environment 100 in which exemplary embodiments of this disclosure may be implemented. The environment or communication system 100 (which may be part of a communication network) includes terminal devices and network devices.

[0055] like Figure 1A As shown, the communication network 100 may include a terminal device 110 (hereinafter also referred to as user equipment 110 or UE 110). The communication network 100 may also include a network device 120. The network device 120 can manage cell 101. The terminal device 110 and the network device 120 can communicate with each other within the coverage area of ​​cell 101. The link from the terminal device 110 to the network device 120 is called an uplink (UL), while the link from the network device 120 to the terminal device 110 is called a downlink (DL).

[0056] It should be understood that the number of devices is for illustrative purposes only and does not imply any limitation. System 100 may include any suitable number of terminal devices or network devices suitable for implementing embodiments of this disclosure. Although not shown, it should be understood that one or more terminal devices or network devices may be located in system 100.

[0057] Communication in communication system 100 can be implemented according to any suitable communication protocol(s), including but not limited to cellular communication protocols such as first-generation (1G), second-generation (2G), third-generation (3G), fourth-generation (4G), fifth-generation (5G), and sixth-generation (6G), wireless local area network communication protocols such as IEEE 802.11, and / or any other protocols currently known or to be developed in the future. Furthermore, communication can utilize any suitable wireless communication technology, including but not limited to: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD), Time Division Duplex (TDD), Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread Spectrum OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), and / or any other technologies currently known or to be developed in the future.

[0058] Research into the 6G physical layer is considering new waveforms designed to enhance 6G physical layer performance. One such theme is a low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) waveform, which can provide a lower PAPR in the uplink than solutions currently supported in 5G. The waveform is based on DFT-s-OFDM because it has a lower PAPR than cyclic prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM). The low PAPR increases transmit power because the transmitted signal subsequently sets lower requirements for the linearity of the power amplifier. Therefore, power backoff and uplink coverage are improved.

[0059] 5G already supports π / 2 binary phase shift keying (BPSK) with spectrum shaping, which provides the lowest PAPR in 5G. Support for quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) utilizing frequency domain spectrum shaping (FDSS) has also been added to 5G in Rel-18, but it has a higher PAPR than π / 2 BPSK due to its higher modulation order.

[0060] One solution to further reduce PAPR is the use of trellis modulation. In trellis modulation, symbols are jointly encoded to reduce variations between modulation symbols, thereby reducing PAPR. Different methods exist for performing trellis encoding. One approach is to introduce a trellis encoder that utilizes a state machine to minimize variations. An example of a state machine used in this method is... Figure 1B As shown.

[0061] like Figure 1B As shown, This indicates that the next bit to be sent is the same as the previous bit. The next bit to be transmitted indicates its complement. There are two states: "+" indicates that the next modulation symbol changes to π / 2 or 0, and "-" indicates that the next modulation symbol changes to... Or 0.

[0062] Another proposed approach is to use constellation interpolation of the modulation symbols to reduce variations between consecutive modulation symbols. The interpolated symbols are then used for decoding in the receiver. It should be understood that, apart from the examples listed herein, trellis modulation or coding can refer to any processing in which the next bit and / or symbol and / or sample depends at least on the previous values.

[0063] In the 5G uplink, DMRS symbols are separated from data symbols (via Time Division Multiplexing, TDM), and this is assumed to be the same in 6G. Therefore, having a low PAPR only for data doesn't offer much benefit to the transmitter, but the PAPR of the DMRS needs to be comparable to that of the data. Thus, if new, or even lower PAPR, solutions are introduced, new DMRS solutions will be required.

[0064] As mentioned earlier, in 5G, individual symbols are used for DMRS, thus generating DMRS sequences and adding them to the resource elements of DMRS symbols in the frequency domain.

[0065] Without spectral extension for π / 2 BPSK and QPSK, the current NR supports Frequency Domain Spectrum Shaping (FDSS). The exact FDSS functionality is not defined in the standard, but performance requirements are specified to define the boundary conditions for implementation. Therefore, the standard allows for different implementations and performance optimizations, and attempts to guarantee system performance through minimum requirements related to, for example, spectral flatness, in-band / out-of-band emission, and error vector magnitude (EVM).

[0066] EVM equalizer flatness is used to set the UE Tx spectral flatness requirements for π / 2-BPSK and QPSK with spectral shaping. The inter-peak variation of the EVM equalizer coefficients within the uplink allocated frequency range is not allowed to exceed the limits defined in the specification. When spectral shaping is used for π / 2-BPSK, the spectral flatness requirements are defined for the two frequency ranges that divide the allocation into two equal-sized portions. This is in... Figure 1C The relevant parameters X1 and X2 are used for illustration. Another spectral flatness requirement was added to the Rel-18 specification. It is more stringent and allows FDSS to be used with QPSK as well.

[0067] 5G offers several different DMRS solutions. In the downlink Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), Gold codes are used because there is no high demand for low PAPR due to the use of CP-OFDM waveforms. The UL scenario differs from the downlink scenario. First, from the perspective of the power amplifier (PA), the UL multiplexing scenario is simpler than the DL scenario. This can be viewed as an enabler for a single carrier waveform. Second, UE PA design is constrained by cost and power consumption. This is why a low PAPR solution was introduced for the uplink using DFT-s-OFDM waveforms.

[0068] In 5G, low PAPR DMRS type 1, using the frequency-domain Zadoff-Chu sequence, is used as the main DMRS sequence for DFT-s-OFDM and has a reasonably reasonable PAPR. However, low PAPR DMRS type 1 does not have a sufficiently low PAPR for low PAPR modulation, and therefore low PAPR DMRS type 2 is introduced for π / 2 BPSK with even lower PAPR. The generation of type 2 DMRS is more complex, and it is defined in the time domain. Figure 1D This is a schematic diagram of DMRS signal generation. Low PAPR 2DMRS can be used with π / 2 BPSK data modulation and so-called transparent frequency domain spectral shaping (FDSS).

[0069] like Figure 1D As shown, a Gold sequence (e.g., a pseudo-random sequence) is first generated. The generated sequence is π / 2 BPSK modulated. A Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is performed to convert the signal to the frequency domain. After this comb mapping is completed, i.e., for example, the value per second is set to zero to support two DMRS combs. An Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) converts the signal to the time domain for transmission.

[0070] As mentioned earlier, the PAPR of DMRS symbols needs to be at least comparable to that of data symbols. Typically, low PAPR modulation is used with maximum TX power, where the PA operates near the saturation point. Therefore, if the PAPR of the DMRS is greater than that of the data symbols, clipping of the DMRS output signal may be necessary, which will affect the quality of the DMRS. This will also increase the EVM and affect other signal transmission metrics, thus requiring a reduction in the maximum TX power. If a mesh-based data solution with a lower PAPR is introduced, a DMRS with the same low PAPR is required. Current DMRS solutions were introduced for current data transmission schemes and are comparable to, but not necessarily identical to, mesh-based solutions.

[0071] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, a solution for determining a DMRS sequence is provided. In one aspect of this solution, a terminal device receives a configuration from a network device indicating a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for data using trellis modulation. Based on the activation / deactivation indication, the terminal device determines the DMRS sequence. The terminal device then transmits the DMRS sequence to the network device, which is associated with uplink transmission of data using trellis modulation. In this way, lower PAPR and better coverage are facilitated. Therefore, communication efficiency is improved. Although the embodiments focus on DMRS for uplink transmission, it can also be applied to the downlink direction, where the invention is applied to downlink reception and the determination of the downlink DMRS sequence associated with downlink data. Furthermore, the use cases for this solution can be 5G, 6G, non-terrestrial networks (NTN), or any other suitable scenario.

[0072] The following will refer to Figures 2-14 The principles and implementation of the embodiments of this disclosure are described in detail.

[0073] Figure 2 An example signaling diagram illustrating an example process 200 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. For discussion purposes, reference will be made to... Figure 1A Describe process 200. Process 200 may involve terminal device 110 and network device 120. It should be understood that, although combined... Figure 1A The process 200 is described in the communication system 100, but this process can also be applied to other communication scenarios with similar problems.

[0074] In process 200, network device 120 determines 210 a configuration for terminal device 110 that indicates a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for data using trellis modulation. In one example, this configuration may be used for trellis coding / modulation of the data, and the DMRS is selected accordingly (e.g., specifying which DMRS to use), or the configuration may be a specific DMRS configuration.

[0075] Alternatively or additionally, terminal device 110 may send capability information for a DMRS sequence associated with data using trellis modulation to network device 120. Accordingly, network device 120 may receive capability information from terminal device 110.

[0076] Additionally, capability information may include: an indication that the terminal device 110 can determine a DMRS sequence with a low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR); an indication that the terminal device can perform at least grid modulation for the data; an indication that the terminal device can perform at least grid modulation for the DMRS sequence; or any combination of two or more of the above items. A DMRS sequence with a low PAPR may refer to a DMRS sequence with a PAPR equal to or lower than the PAPR of the data using grid modulation (hereinafter also referred to as a low PAPR sequence), and the DMRS sequence is associated with the data.

[0077] For example, terminal device 110 may indicate a dedicated capability for low PAPR DMRS, or alternatively, terminal device 110 may indicate a capability for a specific low PAPR modulation (e.g., trellis modulation) and implicitly indicate a capability for low PAPR DMRS sequence generation.

[0078] In some embodiments, to determine configuration 220, network device 120 may determine configuration 220 based on capability information. For example, terminal device 110 may indicate capabilities for several low PAPR DMRS. Based on the indicated capabilities of terminal device 110 and the grid modulation of the selected data, the network may configure low PAPR DMRS with optimized output backoff (OBO) gain.

[0079] Continue to refer to Figure 2 Network device 120 sends configuration 220 to terminal device 110. Alternatively or additionally, configuration 220 may be sent via Radio Resource Control (RRC) messages, Media Access Control (MAC) CE, Downlink Control Information (DCI), or any combination of two or more of the above. In other words, network device 120 may explicitly or implicitly configure DMRS sequences using higher-layer (e.g., RRC-configured Granted Physical Uplink Shared Channel (CG-PUSCH) type 1 or a specific PUSCH for initial access, e.g., Msg3) and / or lower-layer signaling (e.g., DCI for Dynamically Granted Physical Uplink Shared Channel (DG-PUSCH), or CG-PUSCH type 2).

[0080] In some embodiments, configuration 220 may be transmitted via a DCI, and the DCI may be transmitted together with a Radio Network Temporary Identity (RNTI) indicating that the DMRS sequence is a DMRS sequence with grid modulation. For example, a DCI with a specific RNTI may indicate a DMRS sequence (e.g., a regular or low PAPR sequence).

[0081] Continue to refer to Figure 2After receiving configuration 220, terminal device 110 determines DMRS sequence 230 based on configuration 220.

[0082] For example, terminal device 110 determines and generates a low PAPR DMRS configuration based on the acquired configuration (i.e., configuration 220), and the acquired configuration is based on at least one of the following: a received higher-layer instruction, a received DCI instruction (scheduling information described below), the capabilities of terminal device 110, and / or specifications (rules) (e.g., from UE memory, etc.). The received higher-layer instruction carries configuration 220, and when the mesh is configured / scheduled, the received higher-layer instruction may be an enabled RRC configuration mesh instruction low PAPR DMRS configuration.

[0083] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 can determine the DMRS sequence by applying trellis modulation. In other words, the DMRS sequence can be generated based on trellis modulation. Trellis modulation is used not only for data symbols but also for DMRS to reduce PAPR.

[0084] Depending on the trellis scheme, different methods can be used. A block diagram of DMRS for trellis modulation is shown below. Figure 3 As shown. Figure 3 The diagram illustrates the modulation / grid coding blocks added compared to the conventional flowchart. Pseudo-random sequence block 310, DFT block 340, comb mapping block 370, and IFFT block 380 are standard operations. Modulation / grid coding block 320 is new compared to the conventional flowchart. Interpolation block 330, frequency domain (FD) truncation block 350, and frequency domain spectrum shaping (FDSS) block 360 are optional operations, and they are also new compared to the conventional flowchart.

[0085] Depending on the implementation, the implementation of the modulation / grid coded block can vary according to the following four methods.

[0086] In the first method, to determine the DMRS sequence, the terminal device 110 may simultaneously perform trellis coding and modulation of the DMRS sequence. In other words, modulation and trellis coding can be combined so that trellis coding produces DMRS modulation symbols.

[0087] In the second method, to determine the DMRS sequence, the terminal device 110 may perform trellis coding for the DMRS sequence before modulation. In the third method, to determine the DMRS sequence, the terminal device 110 may perform trellis coding for the DMRS sequence after modulation. In other words, trellis coding can be used separately, and modulation can be performed before or after trellis coding.

[0088] In the fourth method, to determine the DMRS sequence, the terminal device 110 may perform trellis coding for the DMRS sequence after modulation by at least one constellation interpolation. In other words, trellis coding may be performed by constellation interpolation after modulation mapping.

[0089] In constellation interpolation, new constellation points are interpolated between the original constellation points. Constellation interpolation can assume a constant or nearly constant envelope for the signal. In this case, FD truncation can be used to remove some or all of the additional samples in the frequency domain; however, FD truncation will also slightly increase PAPR. Interpolation can use any interpolation method, such as linear or polynomial interpolation in any coordinate system, such as polar or Cartesian coordinates. It can also use a simple averaging method. Another method (e.g., time-domain decimation) can also be used instead of FD truncation.

[0090] Therefore, if the terminal device 110 determines the DMRS sequence by performing trellis coding for the DMRS sequence via at least one constellation interpolation after modulation of the DMRS sequence, the terminal device may also perform frequency domain (FD) truncation to remove at least one additional sample in the FD, frequency domain spectral shaping (FDSS) to reduce the PAPR of the DMRS sequence, or a combination of the above two. Alternatively, the same trellis coding and modulation can be used for both the DMRS sequence and the data.

[0091] As mentioned earlier, some trellis schemes are based on a separate trellis code, while others use time-domain interpolation of modulation symbols. When a separate trellis encoder is used, it needs to be specified to know the received signal. This also applies to both data and DMRS.

[0092] Figure 4 The illustration shows a first example of grid-based DMRS generation corresponding to the first method. For example... Figure 4As shown, at box 410, the Gold sequence is generated as in Type 2 DMRS. It should be understood that other sequences can also be used. At box 420, trellis coding uses a state machine to minimize variations in the modulation symbols; for example, π / 2 BPSK or QPSK can be used, or other modulations can be employed. At box 430, interpolation via the oversampling factor (OSF) is an optional step and not part of the trellis code. At box 440, a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is performed to convert the signal to the frequency domain. At box 450, frequency truncation is performed to remove samples added by oversampling while still preserving most of the PAPR gain obtained due to oversampling. This step is optional; however, it can be used to reduce the signal bandwidth if interpolation is used and the signal bandwidth is increased via OSF. At box 460, FDSS can still be optionally used to further reduce PAPR. This step can also be performed after comb mapping. After the comb mapping is completed at box 470, i.e., for example, the value per second is set to zero to support two DMRS combs. At box 480, IFFT is used to transform the signal to the time domain for transmission.

[0093] Figure 5 The illustration shows a second example of grid-based DMRS generation corresponding to the fourth method. For example... Figure 5 As shown, in box 510, the Gold sequence is generated as in Type 2 DMRS. It should be understood that other sequences can also be used, and the sequence length may differ from the conventional sequence due to interpolation / FD truncation. In box 520, modulation is performed; for example, π / 2 BPSK or QPSK can be used, and other modulations are also possible. In box 530, new interpolation symbols are introduced between modulation symbols using OSF interpolation. Depending on the implementation, the signal bandwidth may increase or remain unchanged after the interpolation step.

[0094] At box 540, a DFT is performed to transform the signal to the frequency domain. At box 550, frequency truncation is performed to remove samples added through oversampling while still preserving most of the PAPR gain obtained due to oversampling. This step is optional; however, it is necessary if interpolation is used and the signal bandwidth is increased via OSF. At box 560, FDSS can still be optionally used to further reduce PAPR. This step can also be performed after comb mapping. After comb mapping is completed at box 570, i.e., the value per second is set to zero to support two DMRS combs. At box 580, an IFFT is used to transform the signal to the time domain for transmission.

[0095] In some embodiments, in order to determine the DMRS sequence, the terminal device 110 may determine the length of the DMRS sequence before performing the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) based on the sequence length after performing the DFT, the truncation factor, the oversampling factor for at least one constellation, the modulation order, and the allocation length of the DMRS sequence in the subcarriers.

[0096] Assuming the modulation order is 1, the length of the generated input sequence can be determined based on the following equation (1): in It is the length of the input sequence. TF It is a truncation (extraction) factor for TF truncation, and OSF It is the oversampling factor for interpolation (taking into account all interpolations included in the trellis coding and the rest of the signaling chain). This refers to the allocation length of DMRS in the subcarrier (including the impact of possible comb or other physical resource mapping functions). Processing parameters TF / OSF You can choose based on the use case, such as modulation, bit rate, etc.

[0097] The actual DMRS sequence is determined based on the input sequence (i.e., grid processing is applied to the input sequence, for example), which may include at least one of the following: π / 2 BPSK sequence, BPSK sequence, QPSK sequence, π / 4 QPSK sequence, Gold sequence, or m sequence.

[0098] In some embodiments, when weighting is applied to at least one constellation, the weight of at least one constellation in the at least one constellation interpolation can be predefined. Additionally, the handling of zero crossings can be predefined.

[0099] The proposed grid coding becomes part of the DMRS sequence generation and therefore needs to be specified. An exception could be using a fourth method (constellation interpolation) and removing all additional samples. However, if any weighting is used in the interpolation method, the interpolation result is unknown unless the method is specified. Another issue is that zero crossings may require special handling, as... Figure 6 As shown, zero crossings can occur in both directions. Figure 6 In the process, there is an interpolation between constellation points A and B. The interpolation result can be a diamond-shaped point (clockwise) or an opposite circular point (counterclockwise), and it is necessary to specify which one is used.

[0100] Alternatively or additionally, terminal equipment 110 may determine the DMRS sequence based on the following: modulation, modulation and coding scheme (MCS), uplink (UL) waveform of the terminal equipment, number of symbols per time slot for DMRS, number of symbols allocated for DMRS and data, number of symbols allocated for DMRS and data per time slot, UL transmit power, power margin, or any combination of two or more of the above items.

[0101] For example, terminal device 110 can determine the low PAPR DMRS sequence based on the configured modulation, or MCS, and waveform.

[0102] In some embodiments, if the modulation order is less than a first threshold and Discrete Fourier Transform Spread Spectrum Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) is configured, the terminal device 110 can determine the DMRS sequence. In one example, the terminal device 110 can determine the DMRS sequence based on the modulation order or MCS being less than a predefined threshold and DFT-s-OFDM being configured.

[0103] In some embodiments, if the trellis modulation is included in a predefined subset of at least one MCS table and DFT-s-OFDM is configured, the terminal device 110 can determine the DMRS sequence.

[0104] Alternatively, terminal device 110 may determine the DMRS sequence based on the following: the number of symbols for the DMRS is greater than a second threshold, the UL transmit power is greater than a third threshold, the power margin is less than a fourth threshold, or any combination of two or more of the above items.

[0105] For example, terminal device 110 may determine to generate such a low PAPR DMRS sequence based on the following: the number of DMRS symbols, and / or the number of symbols allocated (per slot or slot), which may be an absolute number of DMRS symbols or a total number of allocated symbols (e.g., based on pos0, pos1, pos2 and pos3, and / or single / double symbol DMRS configurations in the table below), and / or the potential PUSCH mapping type (A / B, etc.).

[0106] In one example, very low PAPR sequences (i.e., low PAPR sequences) are used for a subset of the configurations in Tables 1-3. As an example, Tables 1-3 refer to Tables 6.4.1.3 / 4 in 3GPP, or similar tables in 38.211, or equivalent tables (and based on the waveform / filter (W / F) / modulation configuration), and conventional DMRS are used for another subset of WF / modulation (e.g., trellis) for the same configuration (e.g., the remaining DMRS configurations).

[0107] In another example, terminal device 110 may use conventional DMRS with a low (relative) number of DMRS (e.g., less than or equal to a threshold) due to their potentially low impact on final OBO and / or performance (e.g., 1 DMRS with 14 assigned PUSCH symbols), and may use the proposed DMRS sequence for a high (relative) number of DMRS (e.g., greater than a threshold, 1 DMRS with 2 or 4 assigned PUSCH symbols, or 3 DMRS with 8 assigned PUSCH symbols, and vice versa). Table 1: PUSCH DMRS positions within time slots for single-symbol DMRS and disabling in-slot frequency hopping Table 2: PUSCH DMRS positions within time slots used for dual-symbol DMRS and disabling in-slot frequency hopping Table 3: PUSCH DMRS positions within time slots for single-symbol DMRS and disabling in-slot frequency hopping

[0108] In some embodiments, to determine the DMRS sequence, the terminal device 110 may determine the DMRS sequence for a resource block (RB) allocation or RB allocation region indicated in the configuration. Alternatively or additionally, the RB allocation may be indicated by the index of the starting RB and the size of the RB allocation. Additionally, the RB allocation region may include at least one of the following: an external RB allocation or an edge RB allocation.

[0109] Terminal device 110 can determine to generate a low DMRS sequence for a specific RB allocation (characterized by the index of the starting RB and the size of the allocation) or a specific RB allocation region (e.g., external and / or edge RB allocations), where low PAPRDMRS can have a greater impact on the final OBO gain. The starting RB and allocation size can be part of L1 control (e.g., DCI). Frequency Domain Resource Allocation (FDRA) can be indicated in the DCI grant for DG-PUSCH and CG-PUSCH type 2, and in the RRC for CG-PUSCH type 1 (in ConfiguredGrantConfig IE).

[0110] Additionally, terminal device 110 can determine whether to use a low PAPR DMRS sequence or a conventional DMRS sequence (e.g., Zadoff-Chu for DFT-s-OFDM) based on the determined UL transmit power and / or the last reported (true) PHR. For example, if PH is greater than a positive threshold or the power transmitted by PUSCH (P_PUSCH) is less than or equal to the threshold, and the threshold is less than or equal to the maximum output power (Pcmax), then terminal device 110 can determine to use a conventional DMRS sequence; otherwise, a low PAPR sequence will be used.

[0111] It should be understood that the low PAPR sequence can be one of the example sequences in the example sequences. Alternatively or additionally, the low PAPR sequence can be any of the 5G NR low PAPR sequences used for PUSCH and / or PUCCH.

[0112] Alternatively or additionally, network device 120 may also send scheduling information to terminal device 110 for scheduling data using grid modulation. Furthermore, this scheduling information may be received via DCI.

[0113] In some embodiments, terminal device 110 may determine a DMRS sequence in response to receiving scheduling information from network device 120, the scheduling information being used to schedule data using grid modulation.

[0114] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may also determine the sequence of time-domain DMRS for multiplexing within data symbols by omitting the DFT and subsequent operations, or by jointly applying the DFT and subsequent operations with the modulation symbols of the data. The subsequent operations include at least one of the following: comb mapping or inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT).

[0115] For example, terminal device 110 can determine similar sequence generation for time-domain DMRS multiplexed within data symbols by omitting the DFT and subsequent operations. Terminal device 110 can jointly apply the DFT and subsequent operations with data modulation symbols (e.g., perform a joint DFT for the data and a DMRS for DFT-s-OFDM with time-domain DMRS, optionally perform spectral truncation and FDSS, and then perform IFFT, etc.).

[0116] Continue to refer to Figure 2 Terminal device 110 sends a 235 DMRS sequence to network device 120, which is associated with an uplink transmission of data using trellis modulation 240. Correspondingly, network device 120 receives a 245 DMRS sequence from terminal device 110, which is associated with an uplink transmission of data using trellis modulation 240.

[0117] Figure 7 Another example signaling diagram illustrating example process 700 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. For discussion purposes, reference will be made to... Figure 1A Describe process 700. Process 700 may involve terminal device 110 and network device 120. It should be understood that, although combined... Figure 1A The process 700 is described in the communication system 100, but this process can also be applied to other communication scenarios with similar problems.

[0118] In process 700, network device 120 determines 710 a configuration for the terminal device that indicates a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for data using trellis modulation. In some embodiments, the configuration may indicate a range of spectral flatness requirements, including minimum and maximum spectral flatness requirements; different spectral flatness requirements for data and DMRS sequences using trellis modulation; or a combination of both.

[0119] The spectrum shaping solution in 5G has been specified, so the actual shaping function is not specified; only the so-called spectrum flatness requirement is specified, which sets an upper limit on how much spectrum can be shaped. The purpose of this upper limit is to ensure that the frequency domain equalization in the receiver can equalize the combination of the FDSS filter and the propagation channel. In conventional methods, the spectrum flatness requirement is evaluated on both data and DMRS symbols; that is, the requirement is the same for data and DMR.

[0120] The effects of trellis coding / modulation are visible in the EVM equalization results, which are used to measure spectral flatness. Therefore, a series of spectral flatness requirements may be required, including shaped minimum and maximum values, to account for the effects of (analog) trellis coding.

[0121] For DMRS, a simpler approach than trellis coding for data might be desired. PAPR reduction can come in part from interpolation or FDSS. Therefore, different spectral shaping requirements may be needed for data and DMRS. It can be indicated which requirement applies to data or DMRS symbols, or both.

[0122] To support trellis modulation, a range including minimum and maximum spectral flatness requirements can be indicated. Furthermore, different spectral flatness requirements for data and DMRS can be indicated.

[0123] Table 4 below gives the spectral flatness requirements for π / 2 BPSK and QPSK modulation with powerBoost TSRel18 capability. Bold text shows an example of how minimum shaping is described in the specification. Table 4: Mask of EVM Equalizer Coefficients for π / 2 BPSK under Normal Conditions

[0124] Alternatively or additionally, terminal device 110 may send capability information for a DMRS sequence associated with data using trellis modulation to network device 120. Accordingly, network device 120 may receive this capability information from terminal device 110.

[0125] Additionally, capability information may include: an indication that the terminal device is capable of determining a DMRS sequence with a low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), an indication that the terminal device is capable of performing at least grid modulation of the data, an indication that the terminal device is capable of performing at least grid modulation of the DMRS sequence, or any combination of two or more of the above items.

[0126] In some embodiments, network device 120 may determine the configuration based on capability information in order to determine the configuration.

[0127] Continue to refer to Figure 7 Network device 120 sends configuration 720 to terminal device 110. Alternatively or additionally, configuration 720 may be sent via RRC message, MAC CE, DCI, or any combination of two or more of the above items.

[0128] In some embodiments, configuration 720 is transmitted via DCI, and DCI may be transmitted together with RNTI, which indicates that the DMRS sequence is a DMRS sequence with trellis modulation.

[0129] After receiving configuration 720 from network device 120, terminal device 110 determines the DMRS sequence using frequency domain spectral shaping (FDSS) based on configuration 720.

[0130] Alternatively or additionally, terminal device 110 may determine the DMRS sequence based on the following: modulation, MCS, UL waveform of terminal device 110, number of symbols per time slot for DMRS, number of symbols for DMRS and data allocation, number of symbols per time slot for DMRS and data allocation, UL transmit power, power margin, or any combination of two or more of the above items.

[0131] In some embodiments, if the modulation order is less than a first threshold and DFT-s-OFDM is configured, the terminal device 110 can determine the DMRS sequence.

[0132] In some embodiments, if the trellis modulation is included in a predefined subset of at least one MCS table and DFT-s-OFDM is configured, the terminal device 110 can determine the DMRS sequence.

[0133] Alternatively, terminal device 110 may determine the DMRS sequence based on the following: the number of symbols for the DMRS is greater than a second threshold, the UL transmit power is greater than a third threshold, the power margin is less than a fourth threshold, or any combination of two or more of the above items.

[0134] In some embodiments, to determine the DMRS sequence, the terminal device 110 may determine the DMRS sequence for a resource block (RB) allocation or RB allocation region indicated in the configuration. Alternatively or additionally, the RB allocation may be indicated by the index of the starting RB and the size of the RB allocation. Additionally, the RB allocation region may include at least one of the following: an external RB allocation or an edge RB allocation.

[0135] Alternatively or additionally, network device 120 may also send scheduling information to terminal device 110 for scheduling data using trellis modulation. Additionally, the scheduling information may be received via DCI. In some embodiments, terminal device 110 may determine the DMRS sequence by applying trellis modulation.

[0136] In some embodiments, terminal device 110 may determine a DMRS sequence in response to receiving scheduling information from network device 120, the scheduling information being used to schedule data using grid modulation.

[0137] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may also determine the sequence of time-domain DMRS for multiplexing within data symbols by omitting the DFT and subsequent operations, or by jointly applying the DFT and subsequent operations with the modulation symbols of the data. The subsequent operations include at least one of the following: comb mapping, or IFFT.

[0138] Continue to refer to Figure 7 Terminal device 110 sends a 735 DMRS sequence to network device 120, which is associated with an uplink transmission of data using mesh modulation 740.

[0139] Accordingly, network device 120 receives 745 DMRS sequences with FDSS from terminal device 110, which are associated with uplink transmissions of data using trellis modulation 740.

[0140] 5G FDSS is already specified under the assumption that the data and DMRS have similar filtering, so the receiver does not need to know the filter parameters used, but the filter is compensated for as part of the estimated channel. This is called transparent FDSS. A similar approach can also be used in lattice schemes. In this approach, Figures 3 to 5 None of the optional boxes will be specified because they can be considered part of the shaping function. In this case, FD truncation can truncate the effect of interpolation so that the signal in the frequency domain will follow the specified sequence.

[0141] It should be understood that the embodiments in processes 200 and 700 can be used in combination or individually. For low PAPR sequences of length 30 or greater (e.g., additions / updates to Section 5.2.X of TS 38.211): in λ It is the oversampling rate that can be used before the DFT in filtering / interpolation. α This is the filter roll-off factor between 0 and 1 (inclusive). Note that... It is the total number of REs in the frequency domain (the DFT after spectral truncation, if any). λ If M > 1, then it is required. It can be adjusted to use excess bandwidth factor, and M is the number of in-band (data) REs.

[0142] It should be noted that equation (2) reflects the potential oversampling / interpolation / filtering and DFT of the DMRS sequence mapped according to the mapping / modulation scheme under consideration, as well as the spectral truncation.

[0143] for λ =1 (no oversampling) and α =0 (no extra bandwidth), the above equation (2) will be the same as the 5G NR specification (rel-18), while other values ​​reflect the impact of the new modulation technology on the generation of DMRS sequence types.

[0144] In equation (2), This is based on a mapper that references a new modulation / mapping (e.g., trellis coding), which may or may not include oversampling / interpolation of the original sequence. As an example, The Mapper function can include trellis encoding for π / 2 BPSK / QPSK, etc., and can include encoding based on... λ Upsampling / oversampling, interpolation, and / or filtering.

[0145] Alternative sites , The UpSampleAndFilterOrInterpolate function can correspond to The specific filtering or interpolation operation is performed, and as described above, the Mapper does not perform filtering / interpolation / oversampling in subsequent stages.

[0146] An example of a mapping with lattice coding can be as follows (the general lattice emphasizes the previous symbol and the modulation symbol dependency of the bit).

[0147] Example of a Mapper function (general mesh):

[0148] c(i) is the binary sequence given in clause 5.2.1. , where M is the sequence length. d(i) is the complex-valued modulation symbol. ; For i=0 to M-1 Finish The output complex symbols of the mapping function with grid-based encoding are based at least on one or more bits for the current symbol, at least one or more bits associated with the previous symbol, and the previous symbol. It is a vector of bits to be encoded, where x is one or more initial state bits. ,and This is the initial state of the modulation symbol.

[0149] Generally, the solution disclosed herein, with its novel DMRS scheme and low complexity and relatively easy implementation based on low PAPR type 2, promotes lower PAPR, thereby improving coverage. Furthermore, a transparent approach can be used to specify mesh DMRS signal processing.

[0150] Figure 8 Example procedures of a proposed solution according to some embodiments of this disclosure are illustrated. Procedure 800 may relate to gNB 801 and UE 802. It should be understood that procedure 800 can be considered as a more specific example of procedure 200 or 700. Therefore, Figure 8 The gNB 801 can represent, for example Figure 2 or Figure 7 Network equipment 120, Figure 8 UE 802 can represent, for example Figure 2 or Figure 7 Terminal equipment 110.

[0151] In procedure 800, at point 810, UE 802 may send UE capability signaling to gNB 801. At point 815, gNB 801 determines and instructs a (new) low PAPR DMRS configuration based on the UE capabilities. At point 820, gNB 801 sends network configuration (i.e., low PAPR DMRS configuration) to UE 802.

[0152] At 825, UE 802 acquires the (new) low PAPR DMRS or mesh configuration. At 830, gNB 801 schedules data using mesh modulation. At 835, gNB 801 sends network scheduling information (e.g., DCI) to UE 802.

[0153] At AT 840, UE 802 generates DMRS based on the acquired DMRS configuration. At AT 845, UE 802 performs a transport to gNB801.

[0154] Figure 9 A flowchart of an example method 900 implemented at a terminal device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. Reference will be made for discussion purposes. Figure 1A Method 900 is described from the perspective of terminal device 110.

[0155] At block 910, terminal device 110 receives a configuration from network device indicating the DMR for data using mesh modulation. At block 920, terminal device 110 determines a DMRS sequence based on the configuration. At block 930, terminal device 110 sends a DMRS sequence to network device, which is associated with an uplink transmission of data using mesh modulation.

[0156] In some embodiments, the first terminal device 110 may also send capability information for a DMRS sequence to a network device, the DMRS sequence being associated with data using trellis modulation.

[0157] In some embodiments, the capability information may include at least one of the following: an indication that the terminal device is capable of determining a DMRS sequence with low PAPR, an indication that the terminal device is capable of performing at least trellis modulation for data, or an indication that the terminal device is capable of performing at least trellis modulation for a DMRS sequence.

[0158] In some embodiments, the configuration may be received via at least one of the following: Radio Resource Control (RRC) messages, Media Access Control (MAC) CE, or Downlink Control Information (DCI).

[0159] In some embodiments, the configuration may be received via a DCI, and the DCI may be received together with a Radio Network Temporary Identity (RNTI) indicating that the DMRS sequence is a DMRS sequence using trellis modulation.

[0160] In some embodiments, terminal device 110 may determine the DMRS sequence by: determining the DMRS sequence in response to receiving scheduling information from a network device for scheduling data using grid modulation.

[0161] In some embodiments, scheduling information may be received via DCI. In some embodiments, terminal device 110 may determine the DMRS sequence by applying trellis modulation.

[0162] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine the DMRS sequence by at least one of the following: performing trellis coding for the DMRS sequence and modulation for the DMRS sequence together; performing trellis coding for the DMRS sequence before modulation; performing trellis coding for the DMRS sequence after modulation; or performing trellis coding for the DMRS sequence after modulation by at least one constellation interpolation.

[0163] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine the DMRS sequence by performing trellis coding of the DMRS sequence via at least one constellation interpolation after modulation of the DMRS sequence, and the terminal device is further caused to perform at least one of the following: frequency domain (FD) truncation for removing at least one additional sample in the FD; or frequency domain spectral shaping (FDSS) for reducing the PAPR of the DMRS sequence. In some embodiments, the same trellis coding and modulation may be used for both the DMRS sequence and the data.

[0164] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine the DMRS sequence by: determining the length of the DMRS sequence before performing the DFT based on the sequence length after performing the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), the truncation factor or decimation factor, the oversampling factor for at least one constellation, the modulation order, and the allocation length of the DMRS sequence in the subcarriers.

[0165] In some embodiments, when weighting is applied to at least one constellation, the weight of at least one constellation in the at least one constellation interpolation can be predefined, or the zero-crossing treatment can be predefined.

[0166] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may also determine the DMRS sequence based on at least one of the following: modulation, modulation and coding scheme (MCS), uplink (UL) waveform of the terminal device, number of symbols per time slot for DMRS, number of symbols allocated for DMRS and data, number of symbols allocated for DMRS and data per time slot, UL transmit power, or power margin.

[0167] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may also determine the DMRS sequence based on determining at least one of the following: the modulation order is less than a first threshold and Discrete Fourier Transform Spread Spectrum Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) is configured; or trellis modulation is included in a predefined subset of at least one MCS table and DFT-s-OFDM is configured.

[0168] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may also determine the DMRS sequence based on determining at least one of the following: the number of symbols for the DMRS is greater than a second threshold, the UL transmit power is greater than a third threshold, or the power margin is less than a fourth threshold.

[0169] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may also determine the DMRS sequence by: determining the DMRS sequence for a resource block (RB) allocation or RB allocation region indicated in the configuration.

[0170] In some embodiments, the RB allocation may be indicated by the index of the starting RB and the size of the RB allocation; or the RB allocation region may include at least one of the following: an outer RB allocation or an edge RB allocation.

[0171] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine the sequence of time-domain DMRS for multiplexing within data symbols by omitting the DFT and subsequent operations, or by applying the DFT and subsequent operations in conjunction with the modulation symbols of the data, wherein the subsequent operations include at least one of the following: comb mapping, or inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT).

[0172] Figure 10 A flowchart of an example method 1000 implemented at a network device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. Reference will be made to this flowchart for discussion purposes. Figure 1A Method 1000 is described from the perspective of network device 120.

[0173] At block 1010, network device 120 determines a configuration for an end device that indicates DMRS for data using mesh modulation. At block 1020, network device 120 sends this configuration to the end device. At block 1030, network device 120 receives a DMRS sequence from the end device that is associated with an uplink transmission of data using mesh modulation.

[0174] In some embodiments, network device 120 may also receive capability information for a DMRS sequence from a terminal device, the DMRS sequence being associated with data using grid modulation.

[0175] In some embodiments, the capability information may include at least one of the following: an indication that the terminal device is capable of determining a DMRS sequence with low PAPR, an indication that the terminal device is capable of performing at least trellis modulation for data, or an indication that the terminal device is capable of performing at least trellis modulation for a DMRS sequence.

[0176] In some embodiments, network device 120 may determine the configuration by: determining the configuration based on capability information.

[0177] In some embodiments, the configuration may be sent via at least one of the following: Radio Resource Control (RRC) messages, Media Access Control (MAC) CE, or Downlink Control Information (DCI).

[0178] In some embodiments, the configuration may be transmitted via a DCI, and the DCI may be transmitted together with a Radio Network Temporary Identity (RNTI) indicating that the DMRS sequence is a DMRS sequence with trellis modulation.

[0179] In some embodiments, network device 120 may also send scheduling information to terminal devices for scheduling data using grid modulation.

[0180] In some embodiments, scheduling information may be received via DCI.

[0181] Figure 11 A flowchart of an example method 1100 implemented at a terminal device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. Reference will be made to this flowchart for discussion purposes. Figure 1A Method 1100 is described from the perspective of terminal device 110.

[0182] At block 1110, terminal device 110 receives a configuration from network device indicating a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for data using trellis modulation. At block 1120, terminal device 110 determines a DMRS sequence with FDSS based on the configuration. At block 1130, terminal device 110 sends a DMRS sequence to network device, which is associated with an uplink transmission of data using trellis modulation.

[0183] In some embodiments, the configuration may indicate at least one of the following: a range of spectral flatness requirements, which includes a minimum spectral flatness requirement and a maximum spectral flatness requirement; or different spectral flatness requirements for data and DMRS sequences using trellis modulation.

[0184] In some embodiments, terminal device 110 may also send capability information for a DMRS sequence associated with data using trellis modulation to network device.

[0185] In some embodiments, the capability information may include at least one of the following: an indication that the terminal device is capable of determining a DMRS sequence with low PAPR, an indication that the terminal device is capable of performing at least trellis modulation for data, or an indication that the terminal device is capable of performing at least trellis modulation for a DMRS sequence.

[0186] In some embodiments, the configuration may be received via at least one of the following: Radio Resource Control (RRC) messages, Media Access Control (MAC) CE, or Downlink Control Information (DCI).

[0187] In some embodiments, the configuration may be received via a DCI, and the DCI may be received together with a Radio Network Temporary Identity (RNTI) indicating that the DMRS sequence is a DMRS sequence using trellis modulation.

[0188] In some embodiments, terminal device 110 may determine the DMRS sequence by: determining the DMRS sequence in response to receiving scheduling information from a network device for scheduling data using mesh modulation. In some embodiments, the scheduling information may be received via DCI.

[0189] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine the DMRS sequence by applying grid modulation.

[0190] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may also determine the DMRS sequence based on at least one of the following: modulation, modulation and coding scheme (MCS), uplink (UL) waveform of the terminal device, number of symbols per time slot for DMRS, number of symbols allocated for DMRS and data, number of symbols allocated for DMRS and data per time slot, UL transmit power, or power margin.

[0191] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may also determine the DMRS sequence based on determining at least one of the following: the modulation order is less than a first threshold and Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) spread spectrum orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) is configured; or trellis modulation is included in a predefined subset of at least one MCS table and DFT-s-OFDM is configured.

[0192] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may also determine the DMRS sequence based on determining at least one of the following: the number of symbols for the DMRS is greater than a second threshold, the UL transmit power is greater than a third threshold, or the power margin is less than a fourth threshold.

[0193] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may also determine the DMRS sequence by: determining the DMRS sequence for a resource block (RB) allocation or RB allocation region indicated in the configuration.

[0194] In some embodiments, the RB allocation may be indicated by the index of the starting RB and the size of the RB allocation; or the RB allocation region may include at least one of the following: an outer RB allocation or an edge RB allocation.

[0195] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110 may also determine the sequence of time-domain DMRS for data multiplexing by omitting the DFT and subsequent operations, or by applying the DFT and subsequent operations in conjunction with the modulation symbols of the data, wherein the subsequent operations include at least one of the following: comb mapping, or inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT).

[0196] Figure 12 A flowchart of an example method 1200 implemented at a network device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. Reference will be made to this flowchart for discussion purposes. Figure 1A Method 1200 is described from the perspective of network device 120.

[0197] At block 1210, network device 120 determines a configuration for an end device that indicates a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for data using trellis modulation. At block 1220, network device 120 sends this configuration to the end device. At block 1230, network device 120 receives a DMRS sequence with FDSS from the end device, which is associated with an uplink transmission of data using trellis modulation.

[0198] In some embodiments, the configuration may indicate at least one of the following: a range of spectral flatness requirements, which includes a minimum spectral flatness requirement and a maximum spectral flatness requirement; or different spectral flatness requirements for data using trellis modulation and a DMRS sequence, wherein the DMRS sequence is associated with the data.

[0199] In some embodiments, network device 120 may also receive capability information for a DMRS sequence from a terminal device, the DMRS sequence being associated with data using grid modulation.

[0200] In some embodiments, the capability information may include at least one of the following: an indication that the terminal device is capable of determining a DMRS sequence with low PAPR, an indication that the terminal device is capable of performing at least trellis modulation for data, or an indication that the terminal device is capable of performing at least trellis modulation for a DMRS sequence.

[0201] In some embodiments, network device 120 may determine the configuration by: determining the configuration based on capability information.

[0202] In some embodiments, the configuration may be sent via at least one of the following: Radio Resource Control (RRC) messages, Media Access Control (MAC) CE, or Downlink Control Information (DCI).

[0203] In some embodiments, the configuration may be transmitted via a DCI, and the DCI may be transmitted together with a Radio Network Temporary Identity (RNTI) indicating that the DMRS sequence is a DMRS sequence with trellis modulation.

[0204] In some embodiments, network device 120 may also send scheduling information to terminal devices for scheduling data using grid modulation. In some embodiments, the scheduling information may be received via DCI.

[0205] In some embodiments, an apparatus (e.g., terminal device 110) is provided capable of performing any of the methods in method 900. The apparatus may include components for performing the corresponding steps of method 900. These components may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the components may be implemented in a circuit system or a software module.

[0206] In some embodiments, the apparatus includes: components for receiving a configuration from a network device indicating a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for data using trellis modulation; components for determining a DMRS sequence based on the configuration; and components for transmitting a DMRS sequence to the network device, the DMRS sequence being associated with an uplink transmission of data using trellis modulation.

[0207] In some embodiments, the apparatus may include a component for transmitting capability information for a DMRS sequence to a network device, the DMRS sequence being associated with data using trellis modulation.

[0208] In some embodiments, the capability information may include at least one of the following: an indication that the terminal device is capable of determining a DMRS sequence with low PAPR, an indication that the terminal device is capable of performing at least trellis modulation for data, or an indication that the terminal device is capable of performing at least trellis modulation for a DMRS sequence.

[0209] In some embodiments, the configuration may be received via at least one of the following: Radio Resource Control (RRC) messages, Media Access Control (MAC) CE, or Downlink Control Information (DCI).

[0210] In some embodiments, the configuration may be received via a DCI, and the DCI may be received together with a Radio Network Temporary Identity (RNTI) indicating that the DMRS sequence is a DMRS sequence using trellis modulation.

[0211] In some embodiments, the components for determining the DMRS sequence may include: components for determining the DMRS sequence in response to receiving scheduling information from a network device, the scheduling information being used to schedule data using trellis modulation. In some embodiments, the scheduling information may be received via DCI. In some embodiments, the components for determining the DMRS sequence may include: components for applying trellis modulation.

[0212] In some embodiments, the components for determining the DMRS sequence may include: components for performing trellis coding of the DMRS sequence and modulation of the DMRS sequence together; components for performing trellis coding of the DMRS sequence before modulation; components for performing trellis coding of the DMRS sequence after modulation; or components for performing trellis coding of the DMRS sequence after modulation by at least one constellation interpolation.

[0213] In some embodiments, the means for determining the DMRS sequence includes: means for performing trellis coding of the DMRS sequence by at least one constellation interpolation after modulation of the DMRS sequence, and the means may further include means for performing at least one of: frequency domain (FD) truncation for removing at least one additional sample in the FD; or frequency domain spectral shaping (FDSS) for reducing the PAPR of the DMRS sequence. In some embodiments, the same trellis coding and modulation may be used for both the DMRS sequence and the data.

[0214] In some embodiments, the component for determining the DMRS sequence may include a component for determining the length of the DMRS sequence before performing the DFT, based on the sequence length after performing the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), a truncation factor or a decimation factor, an oversampling factor for at least one constellation, a modulation order, and the allocated length of the DMRS sequence in the subcarriers.

[0215] In some embodiments, when weighting is applied to at least one constellation, the weight of at least one constellation in the at least one constellation interpolation can be predefined, or the zero-crossing treatment can be predefined.

[0216] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include components for determining the DMRS sequence based on at least one of the following: modulation, modulation and coding scheme (MCS), uplink (UL) waveform of the terminal device, number of symbols per time slot for DMRS, number of symbols allocated for DMRS and data, number of symbols allocated for DMRS and data per time slot, UL transmit power, or power margin.

[0217] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include components for determining a DMRS sequence based on at least one of the following: the modulation order is less than a first threshold and Discrete Fourier Transform Spread Spectrum Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) is configured; or trellis modulation is included in a predefined subset of at least one MCS table and DFT-s-OFDM is configured.

[0218] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include components for determining a DMRS sequence based on at least one of the following: the number of symbols for the DMRS is greater than a second threshold, the UL transmit power is greater than a third threshold, or the power margin is less than a fourth threshold.

[0219] In some embodiments, the components for determining the DMRS sequence may include components for determining the DMRS sequence for a resource block (RB) allocation or RB allocation region indicated in the configuration.

[0220] In some embodiments, the RB allocation may be indicated by the index of the starting RB and the size of the RB allocation; or the RB allocation region may include at least one of the following: an outer RB allocation or an edge RB allocation.

[0221] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include: a component for determining a sequence of time-domain DMRS for multiplexing within data symbols by omitting the DFT and subsequent operations, or by jointly applying the DFT and subsequent operations with modulation symbols of the data, wherein the subsequent operations include at least one of the following: comb mapping, or inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT).

[0222] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include components for performing additional steps of some embodiments of method 900. In some embodiments, the components include: at least one processor and at least one memory, the at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured, together with the at least one processor, to cause performance of the apparatus.

[0223] In some embodiments, an apparatus (e.g., network device 120) capable of performing any of the methods in method 1000 is provided. The apparatus may include components for performing the corresponding steps of method 1000. These components may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the components may be implemented in a circuit system or a software module.

[0224] In some embodiments, the apparatus includes: components for determining a configuration for a terminal device, the configuration indicating a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for data using trellis modulation; components for transmitting the configuration to the terminal device; and components for receiving a DMRS sequence from the terminal device, the DMRS sequence being associated with an uplink transmission of data using trellis modulation.

[0225] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include: a component for receiving capability information for a DMRS sequence from a terminal device, the DMRS sequence being associated with data using trellis modulation.

[0226] In some embodiments, the capability information may include at least one of the following: an indication that the terminal device is capable of determining a DMRS sequence with low PAPR, an indication that the terminal device is capable of performing at least trellis modulation for data, or an indication that the terminal device is capable of performing at least trellis modulation for a DMRS sequence.

[0227] In some embodiments, the components for determining the configuration may include components for determining the configuration based on capability information. In some embodiments, the configuration may be transmitted via at least one of the following: Radio Resource Control (RRC) messages, Media Access Control (MAC) CE, or Downlink Control Information (DCI).

[0228] In some embodiments, the configuration may be transmitted via a DCI, and the DCI may be transmitted together with a Radio Network Temporary Identity (RNTI) indicating that the DMRS sequence is a DMRS sequence with trellis modulation.

[0229] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include a component for transmitting scheduling information to a terminal device for scheduling data using grid modulation. In some embodiments, the scheduling information may be received via DCI.

[0230] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include components for performing additional steps of some embodiments of method 1000. In some embodiments, the components include at least one processor and at least one memory, the at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured, together with the at least one processor, to cause performance of the apparatus.

[0231] In some embodiments, an apparatus (e.g., terminal device 110) capable of performing any of the methods in method 1100 is provided. The apparatus may include components for performing the corresponding steps of method 1100. These components may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the components may be implemented in a circuit system or a software module.

[0232] In some embodiments, the apparatus includes: components for receiving a configuration from a network device indicating a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for data using trellis modulation; components for determining a DMRS sequence utilizing frequency domain spectral shaping (FDSS) based on the configuration; and components for transmitting a DMRS sequence to the network device, the DMRS sequence being associated with an uplink transmission of data using trellis modulation.

[0233] In some embodiments, the configuration may indicate at least one of the following: a range of spectral flatness requirements, which includes a minimum spectral flatness requirement and a maximum spectral flatness requirement; or different spectral flatness requirements for data and DMRS sequences using trellis modulation.

[0234] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include: a component for transmitting capability information for a DMRS sequence to a network device, the DMRS sequence being associated with data using trellis modulation.

[0235] In some embodiments, the capability information may include at least one of the following: an indication that the terminal device is capable of determining a DMRS sequence with low PAPR, an indication that the terminal device is capable of performing at least trellis modulation for data, or an indication that the terminal device is capable of performing at least trellis modulation for a DMRS sequence.

[0236] In some embodiments, the configuration may be received via at least one of the following: Radio Resource Control (RRC) messages, Media Access Control (MAC) CE, or Downlink Control Information (DCI).

[0237] In some embodiments, the configuration may be received via a DCI, and the DCI may be received together with a Radio Network Temporary Identity (RNTI) indicating that the DMRS sequence is a DMRS sequence using trellis modulation.

[0238] In some embodiments, the component for determining the DMRS sequence may include: a component for determining the DMRS sequence in response to receiving scheduling information from a network device for scheduling data using grid modulation.

[0239] In some embodiments, scheduling information may be received via DCI. In some embodiments, the components for determining the DMRS sequence may include components for applying trellis modulation.

[0240] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include components for determining the DMRS sequence based on at least one of the following: modulation, modulation and coding scheme (MCS), uplink (UL) waveform of the terminal device, number of symbols per time slot for DMRS, number of symbols allocated for DMRS and data, number of symbols allocated for DMRS and data per time slot, UL transmit power, or power margin.

[0241] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include components for determining a DMRS sequence based on determining at least one of the following: the modulation order is less than a first threshold and Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) spread spectrum orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) is configured; or trellis modulation is included in a predefined subset of at least one MCS table and DFT-s-OFDM is configured.

[0242] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include components for determining a DMRS sequence based on at least one of the following: the number of symbols for the DMRS is greater than a second threshold, the UL transmit power is greater than a third threshold, or the power margin is less than a fourth threshold.

[0243] In some embodiments, the components for determining the DMRS sequence may include components for determining the DMRS sequence for a resource block (RB) allocation or RB allocation region indicated in the configuration.

[0244] In some embodiments, the RB allocation may be indicated by the index of the starting RB and the size of the RB allocation; or the RB allocation region may include at least one of the following: an outer RB allocation or an edge RB allocation.

[0245] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include: a component for determining a sequence of time-domain DMRS for in-data multiplexing by omitting the DFT and subsequent operations, or by jointly applying the DFT and subsequent operations with modulation symbols of the data, wherein the subsequent operations include at least one of the following: comb mapping, or inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT).

[0246] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include components for performing additional steps of some embodiments of method 1100. In some embodiments, the components include at least one processor and at least one memory, the at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured, together with the at least one processor, to cause performance of the apparatus.

[0247] In some embodiments, an apparatus (e.g., network device 120) capable of performing any of the methods in method 1200 is provided. The apparatus may include components for performing the corresponding steps of method 1200. These components may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the components may be implemented in a circuit system or a software module.

[0248] In some embodiments, the apparatus includes: components for determining a configuration for a terminal device, the configuration indicating a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for data using trellis modulation; components for transmitting the configuration to the terminal device; and components for receiving from the terminal device a DMRS sequence utilizing frequency domain spectrum shaping (FDSS), the DMRS sequence utilizing frequency domain spectrum shaping (FDSS) being associated with an uplink transmission of data using trellis modulation.

[0249] In some embodiments, the configuration may indicate at least one of the following: a range of spectral flatness requirements, which includes a minimum spectral flatness requirement and a maximum spectral flatness requirement; or different spectral flatness requirements for data and DMRS sequences using trellis modulation, wherein the DMRS sequences are associated with the data.

[0250] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include: a component for receiving capability information for a DMRS sequence from a terminal device, the DMRS sequence being associated with data using trellis modulation.

[0251] In some embodiments, the capability information may include at least one of the following: an indication that the terminal device is capable of determining a DMRS sequence with low PAPR, an indication that the terminal device is capable of performing at least trellis modulation for data, or an indication that the terminal device is capable of performing at least trellis modulation for a DMRS sequence.

[0252] In some embodiments, the components for determining the configuration may include components for determining the configuration based on capability information.

[0253] In some embodiments, the configuration may be sent via at least one of the following: Radio Resource Control (RRC) messages, Media Access Control (MAC) CE, or Downlink Control Information (DCI).

[0254] In some embodiments, the configuration may be transmitted via a DCI, and the DCI may be transmitted together with a Radio Network Temporary Identity (RNTI) indicating that the DMRS sequence is a DMRS sequence with trellis modulation.

[0255] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include a component for transmitting scheduling information to a terminal device for scheduling data using grid modulation. In some embodiments, the scheduling information may be received via DCI.

[0256] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include components for performing additional steps of some embodiments of method 1200. In some embodiments, the components include at least one processor and at least one memory, the at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured, together with the at least one processor, to cause performance of the apparatus.

[0257] Figure 13 This is a simplified block diagram of a device 1300 suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. Device 1300 can be provided to implement a communication device, for example, Figure 1A The terminal device 110 or network device 120 shown. As shown, device 1300 includes one or more processors 1310, one or more memories 1320 coupled to processor 1310, and one or more communication modules 1340 coupled to processor 1310.

[0258] Communication module 1340 is used for bidirectional communication. Communication module 1340 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication. The communication interface can represent any interface required for communication with other network elements.

[0259] Processor 1310 can be of any type suitable for a local technology network, and by way of non-limiting example, can include one or more of the following: general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, microprocessor, digital signal processor (DSP), and processor based on a multi-core processor architecture. Device 1300 can have multiple processors, such as application-specific integrated circuit chips that are time-dependent on a clock synchronized with the main processor.

[0260] Memory 1320 may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories. Examples of non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM) 1324, electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard disk, compact disc (CD), digital video disc (DVD), and other magnetic storage devices and / or optical storage devices. Examples of volatile memories include, but are not limited to, random access memory (RAM) 1322 and other volatile memories that do not persist during power outages.

[0261] Computer program 1330 includes computer-executable instructions that are executed by the associated processor 1310. Program 1330 may be stored in ROM 1324. Processor 1310 may perform any suitable actions and processes by loading program 1330 into RAM 1322.

[0262] Embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented via program 1330, enabling device 1300 to execute reference... Figures 2 to 3Any process described in the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure. Embodiments of this disclosure may also be implemented by hardware or by a combination of software and hardware.

[0263] In some embodiments, program 1330 may be tangibly contained in a computer-readable medium, which may be included in device 1300 (such as memory 1320) or other storage device accessible by device 1300. Device 1300 may load program 1330 from the computer-readable medium into RAM 1322 for execution. The computer-readable medium may include any type of tangible non-volatile memory, such as ROM, EPROM, flash memory, hard disk, CD, DVD, etc. Figure 14 An example of a computer-readable medium 1400 in the form of a CD or DVD is shown. The computer-readable medium has a program 1330 stored thereon.

[0264] Generally, the various embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented in hardware or dedicated circuitry, software, logic, or any combination thereof. Some aspects can be implemented in hardware, while others can be implemented in firmware or software that can be executed by a controller, microprocessor, or other computing device. Although various aspects of the embodiments of this disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other graphical representation, it should be understood that, as non-limiting examples, the blocks, apparatuses, systems, techniques, or methods described herein can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, dedicated circuitry or logic, general-purpose hardware or controllers or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.

[0265] Example embodiments of this disclosure also provide at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as instructions included in a program module, which execute in a device on a target real or virtual processor to perform the above-described embodiments. Figures 9 to 12 The methods described are 900, 1000, 1100, and 1200. Typically, a program module includes routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, etc., that perform specific tasks or implement specific abstract data types. In various embodiments, the functionality of a program module can be combined or split among program modules as needed. The machine-executable instructions used for a program module can be executed on a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, the program module can reside on both local and remote storage media.

[0266] Program code used to perform the methods of this disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. This program code may be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that, when executed by the processor or controller, the program code causes the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may be executed entirely on a machine, partially on a machine, as a stand-alone software package, partially on a machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0267] In the context of this disclosure, computer program code or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable a device, apparatus, or processor to perform the various processes and operations described above. Examples of carriers include signals, computer-readable media, etc.

[0268] Computer-readable media can be computer-readable signal media or computer-readable storage media. Computer-readable media can include, but is not limited to, electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatuses, or devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of computer-readable storage media will include electrical connections having one or more lines, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable optical disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. As used herein, the term “non-transient” is a limitation on the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not signaling), not a limitation on the permanence of data storage (e.g., RAM and ROM).

[0269] Furthermore, although operations are described in a specific order, this should not be construed as requiring such operations to be performed in the specific order or sequence shown, or that all operations can be performed to achieve the desired result. In some cases, multitasking and parallel processing can be advantageous. Similarly, although several specific implementation details are included in the foregoing discussion, these details should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be characteristic of particular embodiments. Certain features described in the context of individual embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented individually or in any suitable sub-combination in multiple embodiments.

[0270] Although this disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological actions, it should be understood that the disclosure as defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or behaviors described above. Rather, the specific features and behaviors described above are disclosed as examples of implementing the claims.

Claims

1. A terminal device for communication, comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the terminal device to at least: Receive configuration from network device, the configuration indicating a demodulation reference signal DMRS for using trellis-modulated data; The DMRS sequence is determined based on the configuration; as well as The DMRS sequence is sent to the network device, the DMRS sequence being associated with an uplink transmission of the data using the mesh modulation.

2. The terminal device according to claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further configured to: The network device is sent capability information for a DMRS sequence associated with the data using the grid modulation.

3. The terminal device according to claim 2, wherein the capability information includes at least one of the following: The terminal device is able to determine an indication of a DMRS sequence with a low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). The terminal device is capable of at least executing instructions for the grid modulation of the data; or The terminal device is capable of executing at least the instruction for the grid modulation of the DMRS sequence.

4. The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the configuration is received via at least one of the following: Radio Resource Control (RRC) messages; Media access control MAC control unit MAC CE; or Downlink Control Information (DCI).

5. The terminal device of claim 4, wherein the configuration is received via the DCI, and the DCI is received together with a Radio Network Temporary Identity (RNTI), the RNTI indicating that the DMRS sequence is the DMRS sequence modulated using the trellis.

6. The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is configured to determine the DMRS sequence by: The DMRS sequence is determined in response to receiving scheduling information from the network device, the scheduling information being used to schedule the data using the grid modulation.

7. The terminal device according to claim 6, wherein the scheduling information is received via DCI.

8. The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is configured to determine the DMRS sequence by applying the grid modulation.

9. The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is configured to determine the DMRS sequence by at least one of the following: Together, the trellis coding for the DMRS sequence and the modulation for the DMRS sequence are performed; The trellis coding for the DMRS sequence is performed prior to the modulation; The trellis coding for the DMRS sequence is performed after the modulation; or The trellis coding for the DMRS sequence is performed after the modulation by at least one constellation interpolation.

10. The terminal device of claim 9, wherein the terminal device is configured to determine the DMR sequence by: performing the trellis coding for the DMRS sequence by at least one constellation interpolation after the modulation for the DMRS sequence, and the terminal device is further configured to perform at least one of the following: Frequency domain FD truncation is used to remove at least one additional sample from the FD; or Frequency domain spectral shaping (FDSS) is used to reduce the PAPR of the DMRS sequence.

11. The terminal device of claim 9, wherein the same grid coding and modulation are used for both the DMRS sequence and the data.

12. The terminal device according to claim 9, wherein at least one of the following: When weighting is applied to the at least one constellation, the at least one constellation weight in the at least one constellation interpolation is predefined; or The handling of zero crossings is predefined.

13. The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is configured to determine the DMRS sequence by: The length of the DMRS sequence is determined before performing the DFT, based on the sequence length after performing the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), the truncation factor or decimation factor, the oversampling factor for the at least one constellation, the modulation order, and the allocation length of the DMRS sequence in the subcarriers.

14. The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further configured to determine the DMRS sequence based on at least one of the following: The modulation; Modulation and coding scheme (MCS); The uplink UL waveform of the terminal device; The number of symbols for the DMRS per time slot; The number of symbols assigned to the DMRS and the data; The number of symbols allocated per time slot for the DMRS and the data; UL transmit power; or Power margin.

15. The terminal device of claim 14, wherein the terminal device is further configured to determine the DMRS sequence based on at least one of the following: The modulation order is less than a first threshold, and Discrete Fourier Transform Spread Spectrum Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) is configured; or The trellis modulation is included in a predefined subset of at least one MCS table, and the DFT-s-OFDM is configured.

16. The terminal device of claim 14, wherein the terminal device is further configured to determine the DMRS sequence based on at least one of the following: The number of symbols for the DMRS is greater than the second threshold; The UL transmission power is greater than the third threshold; or The power margin is less than the fourth threshold.

17. The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is further configured to determine the DMRS sequence by: The DMRS sequence is determined for the resource block RB allocation or RB allocation region indicated in the configuration.

18. The terminal device according to claim 17, wherein at least one of the following: The RB allocation is indicated by the index of the starting RB and the size of the RB allocation; or The RB allocation region includes at least one of the following: external RB allocation or edge RB allocation.

19. The terminal device according to any one of claims 1-18, wherein the terminal device is further configured to: The sequence of time-domain DMRS for multiplexing within data symbols is determined by omitting the DFT and subsequent operations, or by applying the DFT and subsequent operations in conjunction with the modulation symbols of the data, wherein the subsequent operations include at least one of the following: comb mapping, or inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT).

20. A method for communication, comprising: At the terminal device and from the network device, a configuration is received indicating a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for using lattice-modulated data; The DMRS sequence is determined based on the configuration; as well as The DMRS sequence is sent to the network device, the DMRS sequence being associated with an uplink transmission of the data using the mesh modulation.

Images