Power pack detection assembly automation assembly line

Abstract

This invention discloses an automated production line for power unit testing and assembly, belonging to the field of automated power unit assembly technology. It includes: a piston storage bracket with a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) mounted on one side; a conveyor belt located in the unloading area of ​​the CMM; a heating device, an assembly turning device, and a cleaning device arranged sequentially along the conveyor belt's transmission direction; a tie rod storage bracket located outside the conveyor belt and distributed on the same side as the piston storage bracket; a positioning sleeve clamping mechanism located at the unloading end of the conveyor belt; a gantry robot suspended between the positioning sleeve clamping mechanism and the conveyor belt; and a piston assembly unit located at the output end. This invention enables automated installation of pistons, cylinder liners, connecting rods, and positioning sleeves in a power unit, significantly reducing manual intervention, increasing production cycle time, and reducing the labor intensity of operators.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of automated assembly technology for power units, specifically an automated production line for power unit testing and assembly. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of engine manufacturing, the power unit typically refers to core components such as pistons, cylinder liners, connecting rods, connecting rod bearings, locating sleeves, and cylinder heads. Traditional power unit assembly and testing often employ decentralized manual or semi-automatic operations: each component undergoes measurement, heating, pressing, and tightening at different workstations, relying on manual handling and assembly. This results in poor precision and consistency; key parameters such as the piston-cylinder liner clearance and connecting rod bearing preload torque are controlled manually, easily leading to deviations; furthermore, it is inefficient and has a high rework rate. In addition, especially in the piston press fitting process, traditional press fitting equipment relies on mechanical guidance or manual alignment and often uses rigid press heads. When the piston and cylinder liner are slightly misaligned due to material tolerance or positioning deviation, the rigid press head cannot automatically compensate, which can easily cause jamming, biting, or even cracking of the cylinder liner, resulting in a high scrap rate and easy scratches on the piston surface. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an automated production line for power unit testing and assembly, comprising: A piston storage bracket is equipped with a coordinate measuring machine on one side; The conveyor belt is located in the unloading area of ​​the coordinate measuring machine and is distributed perpendicularly to the coordinate measuring machine at a 90° angle. A heating device, an assembly and turning device, and a cleaning device are arranged sequentially along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt; A pull rod storage bracket is located outside the conveyor belt and distributed on the same side as the piston storage bracket. A screw pre-tightening machine is provided outside the pull rod storage bracket, and a connecting rod bearing storage bracket is provided on one side of the screw pre-tightening machine. The positioning sleeve clamping mechanism is set at the unloading end of the conveyor belt and is distributed perpendicularly to the conveyor belt at 90°. The infeed end of the positioning sleeve clamping mechanism is respectively provided with a positioning sleeve storage bracket and a cylinder liner storage bracket. A gantry robot is suspended between the positioning sleeve clamping mechanism and the conveyor belt; a cylinder head storage bracket is also provided on the side of the gantry robot away from the conveyor belt. The piston assembly unit is located at the output end of the cleaning device and below the gantry robot.

[0004] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, a piston-grabbing robot is provided on the side of the coordinate measuring machine near the heating device, which is used to grab the pistons on the piston storage bracket and put them into the coordinate measuring machine; The screw pre-tightening machine is a symmetrical arrangement of two, and a linkage gripping robot is arranged between the two screw pre-tightening machines. The linkage gripping robot is located between the pull rod storage bracket and the assembly flipping device, and is used to grip the assembled linkage into the assembly flipping device. A cylinder liner gripping robot is installed on the side of the cylinder liner storage bracket away from the positioning sleeve storage bracket.

[0005] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, a cylinder head assembly device is provided between the cylinder head storage bracket and the piston assembly unit.

[0006] Furthermore, preferably, the piston assembly unit includes: The base has an assembly frame vertically mounted on its upper surface, and a support platform is horizontally fixed below one side of the assembly frame. A press-fitting frame is fixed to one side of the assembly frame and located above the support platform; The pressing device is vertically mounted on the pressing frame; The air-sealed positioning component is centrally located on the upper surface of the support platform.

[0007] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the upper end face of the support platform is vertically and symmetrically fixed with two columns, and the upper end face of the two columns is horizontally provided with a crossbeam frame, and a press-fit sleeve is fixed in the middle of the crossbeam frame. Each column is vertically connected to a loading cylinder, and one end of the loading cylinder is connected to the crossbeam frame. The inner diameter of the press-fit sleeve is equal to the inner diameter of the cylinder liner.

[0008] Furthermore, preferably, the pressing device includes: The transfer frame has two first slide rails arranged parallel to each other on the lower end face of the pressing frame, and the transfer frame is slidably connected to the first slide rails by a slider; A lead screw is rotatably connected to the lower end face of the press frame and is arranged parallel to the first slide rail. A guide sleeve is fixed on the transfer frame, and the guide sleeve is threadedly slidably connected to the lead screw. A mounting plate is disposed below the transfer frame. A second slide rail is fixed to the lower end face of the transfer frame and is perpendicular to the first slide rail. The mounting plate is slidably connected to the second slide rail. A fixing frame is vertically fixed to one side of the lower end face of the mounting plate, and an adjusting plate is horizontally slidably provided on one side of the fixing frame; A flexible guide shaft is vertically mounted on one side of an adjustment plate, on which a third guide rail is vertically fixed, and the flexible guide shaft is slidably mounted on the third guide rail. The hydraulic cylinder is vertically fixed at the center of the upper end face of the mounting plate.

[0009] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, a fixed cylinder shaft is vertically arranged on one side of the flexible guide shaft on the adjustment plate. The fixed cylinder shaft is slidably connected to the adjustment plate through a third guide rail, and a spindle is arranged inside the fixed cylinder shaft. The upper end faces of the flexible guide shaft and the fixed cylinder shaft are both fixed with connecting sleeves, and a retaining shaft is fixed inside the connecting sleeve. The lower end face of the hydraulic cylinder is fixed with a docking clamp, and the docking clamp is detachably slidably connected to each of the connecting sleeves.

[0010] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the flexible guide shaft is composed of an upper shaft tube and a lower shaft tube that are fixed coaxially. A drive shaft is vertically rotatably connected inside the upper shaft tube, and the lower end of the drive shaft extends into and is connected to the lower shaft tube. A pressure joint is slidably disposed inside the lower shaft tube, a support spring is connected above the pressure joint, a shaft pressure block is slidably connected inside the pressure joint, and the lower end of the drive shaft is fixed to the shaft pressure block; Multiple electromagnetic vibrators are distributed circumferentially on the lower end face of the crimp joint. Each electromagnetic vibrator is axially slidably disposed in the crimp joint, and a support shaft is provided at the upper end of the electromagnetic vibrator. The crimping joint is provided with a limit plate that can rotate in all directions, and the lower end of each support shaft abuts against the limit plate. The lower end face of the axial pressure block is set as an inclined structure.

[0011] Furthermore, preferably, the gas seal positioning assembly includes: An air guide seat is fixed to the upper surface of the support platform, and a positioning ring seat is fixed above the air guide seat; A rubber ring is coaxially connected to the upper end face of the positioning ring seat; The side pressure chambers are multiple and distributed in a circle. Each side pressure chamber is horizontally arranged on the outer circumferential side wall of the positioning ring seat. The inner wall of the positioning ring seat has multiple air channels. The side pressure chambers are respectively sealed and connected to the air channels through air guide holes. A sealing plug is slidably connected in each of the side pressure chambers. A drive motor is installed outside the side pressure chamber. A cam is rotatably connected to the output end of the drive motor. A connecting rod is hinged on the cam, and the other end of the connecting rod is connected to the sealing plug. A bypass hole is provided on the side wall of the side pressure chamber; The pressure relief channel is located inside the lower part of the air guide seat.

[0012] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the inner wall of the air guide seat is provided with a negative pressure air passage and a high pressure air passage, and the negative pressure air passage and the high pressure air passage are respectively connected to a negative pressure pipe and an air inlet pipe. The air guide holes in each of the side pressure chambers located in odd-numbered positions are configured as one-way air inlets, and the bypass holes are configured as one-way exhaust outlets.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: The automated assembly line for testing and assembly in this invention can realize the automated installation of pistons, cylinder liners, connecting rods and positioning sleeves in the power unit, which is safe, efficient, greatly reduces manual intervention, increases production cycle time and reduces the labor intensity of operators; In particular, regarding the press-fitting of pistons and cylinder liners, the press-fitting device can either utilize a hydraulic cylinder coaxially mounted with a fixed cylinder shaft to achieve rigid press-fitting of the piston by driving the fixed cylinder shaft to rigidly contact the piston end face, or utilize a hydraulic cylinder coaxially mounted with a flexible guide shaft to achieve flexible press-fitting of the piston by driving the flexible guide shaft to flexibly contact the piston end face. This allows for flexible switching of the press-fitting process based on the actual fit tolerances and surface conditions of the piston and cylinder liner, ensuring the efficient operation of the automated production line. In addition, during the press-fitting process, the air seal positioning component can be used to provide negative or high pressure to the inside of the cylinder liner. On the one hand, it removes impurities inside the cylinder liner, and on the other hand, it forms an air film or achieves pressure balance inside the cylinder liner, reducing press-fitting resistance. Thus, when the piston is press-fitted, it automatically adapts to the slight eccentricity between the piston and the cylinder liner in conjunction with the press-fitting device, avoiding rigid jamming or scratches, and realizing the piston being pressed into the cylinder liner smoothly and accurately, significantly reducing the scrap rate. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic plan view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the piston assembly unit in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the pressure sleeve in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the pressing device in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the flexible guide shaft in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the gas seal positioning component in this invention; Figure 8 This is a process flow diagram of the present invention; In the diagram: 1. Conveyor belt; 11. Piston storage rack; 12. Coordinate measuring machine; 13. Heating device; 14. Tie rod storage rack; 15. Screw pre-tightening machine; 16. Connecting rod bearing storage rack; 17. Assembly and flipping device; 18. Cleaning device; 19. Piston gripping robot; 2. Positioning sleeve clamping mechanism; 21. Positioning sleeve storage rack; 22. Cylinder liner storage rack; 23. Gantry robot; 3. Piston assembly unit; 31. Base; 32. Assembly frame; 33. Support platform; 34. Column; 35. Crossbeam frame; 36. Press sleeve; 37. Loading cylinder; 4. Press device; 41. Transfer frame; 42. First slide rail; 43. Lead screw; 44. Mounting plate 45. Fixed frame; 46. Adjusting plate; 47. Third guide rail; 48. Hydraulic cylinder; 49. Fixed cylinder shaft; 410. Mandrel; 411. Connecting sleeve; 412. Clip shaft; 413. Docking sleeve; 5. Air seal positioning assembly; 51. Air guide seat; 52. Positioning ring seat; 53. Rubber ring; 54. Side pressure chamber; 55. Air passage; 56. Air guide hole; 57. Sealing plug; 58. Drive motor; 59. Bypass hole; 510. Pressure relief passage; 511. Negative pressure air passage; 512. High pressure air passage; 6. Flexible guide shaft; 61. Upper shaft tube; 62. Lower shaft tube; 63. Drive shaft; 64. Press joint; 65. Shaft pressure block; 66. Electromagnetic vibrator; 67. Limiting plate. Detailed Implementation

[0015] Please see Figures 1-8 In this embodiment of the invention, an automated production line for power unit testing and assembly includes: Piston storage bracket 11, with a coordinate measuring machine 12 on one side; piston parts are stored on piston storage bracket 11; the coordinate measuring machine 12 mainly uses probes to perform tolerance inspection on piston parts, specifically the two inner holes and the outer circumference of piston parts; the spatial detection error of the coordinate measuring machine 12 is 1.8 micrometers, ensuring that the piston dimensions are qualified before entering the assembly line. Conveyor belt 1 is located in the unloading area of ​​the coordinate measuring machine 12 and is distributed perpendicularly to the coordinate measuring machine 12 at 90°. It is used to transport the qualified pistons to the next process in a rhythmic manner. Heating device 13, assembly flipping device 17, and cleaning device 18 are arranged sequentially along the transmission direction of the conveyor belt 1 to preheat the piston parts and meet the process requirements of interference fit; assembly flipping device 17 is used to flip and assemble the pre-assembled connecting rod and piston; cleaning device 18 is used to clean the surface of the workpiece during assembly, remove oil and iron filings, and ensure the quality of subsequent pressing.

[0016] A pull rod storage bracket 14 is located outside the conveyor belt 1 and distributed on the same side as the piston storage bracket 11. A screw pre-tightening machine 15 is provided outside the pull rod storage bracket 14. The pull rod storage bracket 14 stores the pull rod parts in the power unit, which is convenient for the screw pre-tightening machine 15 to pick up the materials. A connecting rod bearing storage bracket 16 is provided on one side of the screw pre-tightening machine 15 for storing the connecting rod bearing parts, which are used together with the pull rod for the screw pre-tightening machine 15 to operate. The positioning sleeve pressing mechanism 2 is set at the unloading end of the conveyor belt 1 and is distributed perpendicularly to the conveyor belt 1 at 90°. The feeding end of the positioning sleeve pressing mechanism 2 is respectively provided with a positioning sleeve storage bracket 21 and a cylinder liner storage bracket 22. The positioning sleeve storage bracket 21 stores the positioning sleeves to be pressed and supplies material to the positioning sleeve pressing mechanism 2, while the cylinder liner storage bracket 22 stores the cylinder liner parts. The cylinder liner parts and the positioning sleeves enter the positioning sleeve pressing mechanism 2 together. The gantry robot 23 is suspended between the positioning sleeve clamping mechanism 2 and the conveyor belt 1, and is responsible for transporting heavy parts such as cylinder liners and pistons between the two workstations; a cylinder head storage bracket is also provided on the side of the gantry robot 23 away from the conveyor belt 1, which is used to store cylinder head components, which are picked up by the gantry robot 23 and placed at the assembly station. Piston assembly unit 3 is located at the output end of the cleaning device 18 and below the gantry robot 23. Piston assembly unit 3 is the core assembly station, which smoothly presses the piston into the cylinder liner to complete the final assembly of the power unit.

[0017] In this embodiment, a piston-grabbing robot 19 is provided on the side of the coordinate measuring machine 12 near the heating device 13, which is used to grab the piston on the piston storage bracket 11 into the coordinate measuring machine 12; and among the piston parts that have been inspected by the coordinate measuring machine 12, qualified parts enter the heating process, while unqualified parts are placed in the unqualified area. The screw pre-tightening machine 15 is arranged symmetrically in two. A linkage gripping robot is arranged between the two screw pre-tightening machines 15. The linkage gripping robot is located between the pull rod storage bracket 14 and the assembly flipping device 17. It is used to grip the assembled linkage into the assembly flipping device 17 to realize the automatic loading and unloading of the linkage. A cylinder liner gripping robot is installed on the side of the cylinder liner storage bracket 22 away from the positioning sleeve storage bracket 21. It is used to automatically grip the cylinder liner and feed it to the positioning sleeve clamping mechanism 2, reducing manual handling.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, a cylinder head assembly device (not shown in the figure) is provided between the cylinder head storage bracket and the piston assembly unit 3. After the piston and cylinder liner are pressed into place by the piston assembly unit 3, the cylinder head is connected to the assembled main body to ensure that the cylinder head is assembled in place in a timely manner after the piston is pressed into place, forming a complete power unit.

[0019] In this embodiment, the piston assembly unit 3 includes: The base 31 has an assembly frame 32 vertically mounted on its upper surface, and a support platform 33 is horizontally fixed below one side of the assembly frame 32. The pressing frame is fixed to one side of the assembly frame 32 and located above the support platform 33. The assembly frame 32 is used to support the pressing frame, support platform and other components, forming the skeleton of the entire assembly unit. Press-fitting device 4 is vertically mounted on the press-fitting frame, and it performs the action of pressing the piston into the cylinder liner; The air seal positioning assembly 5 is centrally located on the upper end face of the support platform 33. It is used to seal and position the cylinder liner and can introduce negative pressure or high pressure airflow.

[0020] In this embodiment, two columns 34 are vertically and symmetrically fixed on the upper end face of the support platform 33, and a horizontal beam frame 35 is horizontally arranged on the upper end face of the two columns 34. A press-fit sleeve 36 is fixed in the middle of the horizontal beam frame 35. Each column 34 is vertically connected to a loading cylinder 37. One end of the loading cylinder 37 is connected to the crossbeam 35. In operation, the cylinder sleeve is transported to the air-sealing positioning component 5 of the support platform 33 by the gantry robot 23. At this time, the lower end of the cylinder sleeve is in sealed contact with the air-sealing positioning component 5. Then, during the retraction process, the loading cylinder 37 causes the crossbeam 35 to move downward so that the press-fitting sleeve 36 can be docked and positioned at the upper end of the cylinder sleeve. This provides support and positioning for the cylinder sleeve during the subsequent press-fitting of the rear piston, preventing displacement. The piston is transported to the press-fitting sleeve 36 by the gantry robot 23. The press-fitting device 4 presses the piston from the press-fitting sleeve 36 into the cylinder sleeve and completes the assembly. The inner diameter of the press-fit sleeve 36 is equal to the inner diameter of the cylinder liner.

[0021] In this embodiment, the pressing device 4 includes: The transfer frame 41 has two first slide rails 42 arranged parallel to each other on the lower end face of the pressing frame. The transfer frame 41 is slidably connected to the first slide rails 42 by a slider to realize movement in the X direction (width direction of the base 31). The lead screw 43 is rotatably connected to the lower end face of the press frame and is set parallel to the first slide rail 42. A guide sleeve is fixed on the transfer frame 41. The guide sleeve is threadedly slidably connected to the lead screw 43, thereby driving the transfer frame 41 to be accurately positioned through the guide sleeve. Mounting plate 44 is disposed below the transfer frame 41. The lower end face of the transfer frame 41 is fixed with a second slide rail that is perpendicular to the first slide rail 42. The mounting plate 44 is slidably connected to the second slide rail to realize movement in the Y direction (length direction of the base 31). A fixing bracket 45 is vertically fixed to one side of the lower end face of the mounting plate 44, and an adjusting plate 46 is horizontally slidably provided on one side of the fixing bracket 45; A flexible guide shaft 6 is vertically disposed on one side of an adjusting plate 46. A third guide rail 47 is vertically fixed on the adjusting plate 46, and the flexible guide shaft 6 is slidably mounted on the third guide rail 47. The hydraulic cylinder 48 is vertically fixed at the center of the upper end face of the mounting plate 44.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, a fixed cylinder shaft 49 is vertically arranged on one side of the flexible guide shaft 6 on the adjusting plate 46. The fixed cylinder shaft 49 is slidably connected to the adjusting plate 46 via a third guide rail 47, and a mandrel 410 is arranged inside the fixed cylinder shaft 49. Specifically, during piston pressing, on the one hand, when the adjusting plate 46 is horizontally slidably adjusted relative to the fixed frame 45 so that the flexible guide shaft 6 and the hydraulic cylinder 48 are on the same center line, the flexible guide shaft 6 can flexibly contact the piston end face, and the piston can be flexibly pressed under the drive of the hydraulic cylinder 48. During flexible pressing, the flexible guide shaft 6 can automatically adapt to the small deviation between the piston and the cylinder liner, avoiding rigid jamming or cutting, and significantly reducing pressing damage. On the other hand, when the adjusting plate 46 is horizontally slidably adjusted relative to the fixed frame 45 so that the fixed cylinder shaft 49 and the hydraulic cylinder 48 are on the same center line, the fixed cylinder shaft 49 can rigidly contact the piston end face, and the piston can be rigidly pressed under the drive of the hydraulic cylinder 48. Therefore, depending on the actual fit tolerance, surface condition, or process requirements of the piston and cylinder liner, flexible press fitting (eliminating minor eccentricity and avoiding scratches) or rigid press fitting (improving positioning rigidity and suitable for occasions with small interference fit) can be flexibly selected, without the need to change equipment, reducing auxiliary time and maintaining production cycle time. The upper end faces of the flexible guide shaft 6 and the fixed cylinder shaft 49 are both fixed with connecting sleeves 411. A retaining shaft 412 is fixed inside the connecting sleeve 411. A docking clamp 413 is fixed to the lower end face of the hydraulic cylinder 48. The docking clamp 413 is detachably slidably connected to each of the connecting sleeves 411. The sliding fit structure inside the retaining shaft 412 and the docking clamp 413 can ensure that the two are coaxially connected, and at the same time have a self-locking or anti-disengagement function to ensure stable power transmission and no loosening during the pressing process. Through the detachable sliding engagement of the mating sleeve 413 with different connecting sleeves 411 (the upper end of the flexible guide shaft 6 or the fixed cylinder shaft 49), the hydraulic cylinder 48 can quickly switch between the flexible guide shaft 6 and the fixed cylinder shaft 49 without the need for tool disassembly and assembly, thus realizing the rapid conversion between flexible press fitting and rigid press fitting.

[0023] In this embodiment, the flexible guide shaft 6 is composed of an upper shaft tube 61 and a lower shaft tube 62 that are fixed coaxially. A drive shaft 63 is vertically rotatably connected inside the upper shaft tube 61 (the drive shaft 63 is driven to rotate by a built-in motor in the upper shaft tube 61), and the lower end of the drive shaft 63 extends into and is connected to the lower shaft tube 62. A pressure joint 64 is slidably disposed inside the lower shaft tube 62. A support spring is connected above the pressure joint 64. A shaft pressure block 65 is slidably connected inside the pressure joint 64. The lower end of the drive shaft 63 is fixed to the shaft pressure block 65. The support spring can provide elastic buffering, so that during the pressing process, the pressure joint 64 can achieve flexible contact with the piston surface by utilizing the elastic force of the support spring. Multiple electromagnetic vibrators 66 are circumferentially distributed on the lower end face of the crimp connector 64. Each electromagnetic vibrator 66 is axially slidably disposed in the crimp connector 64, and a support shaft is provided at the upper end of the electromagnetic vibrator 66. Specifically, the piston is transported to the crimping sleeve 36 by the gantry robot 23 (the connecting rod is located below the piston and preferably extends into the cylinder liner). The crimp connector 64 in the flexible guide shaft 6 contacts the piston surface. The support spring is gradually compressed under the drive of the hydraulic cylinder 48, and the crimp connector 64 presses the piston downward until the piston initially contacts the cylinder liner (but does not enter the cylinder liner). The air seal positioning component 5 below the cylinder liner provides a negative pressure effect, which reduces the piston crimping resistance. Each electromagnetic vibrator 66 vibrates and contacts the piston during operation, continuously providing auxiliary vibration force during crimping, effectively reducing crimping resistance and improving piston introduction smoothness. The pressure joint 64 is provided with a limit plate 67 that can rotate in all directions, and the lower end of each support shaft abuts against the limit plate 67; under normal circumstances, the support spring is not fully compressed, and the shaft pressure block 65 does not contact the limit plate 67. The lower end face of the axial pressure block 65 is set as a bevel structure. In special cases of piston press-fitting, when the piston is stuck and cannot be press-fitted, the air seal positioning component 5 below the cylinder liner provides high-pressure airflow. When the support spring is compressed to its limit position, the axial pressure block 65 contacts the limiting plate 67. At this time, the axial pressure block 65 can use the limiting plate 67 to completely push out one of the circumferentially distributed electromagnetic vibrators 66 from the press joint 64. As the axial pressure block 65 rotates, each electromagnetic vibrator 66 is pushed out in turn, forming a circumferential alternating mechanical micro-impact (applying a uniform circumferential micro-impact force to the piston end face to prevent the piston from deflecting or the cylinder liner inner wall from being scratched on one side due to force in one direction), effectively breaking the static friction or wedging state at the stuck point, helping the piston to be reintroduced, and avoiding cylinder liner cracking or piston damage due to forced press-fitting; until the piston can be press-fitted normally, the air seal positioning component 5 still provides a negative pressure effect, using negative pressure to reduce the piston press-fitting resistance.

[0024] In this embodiment, the air seal positioning component 5 includes: An air guide seat 51 is fixed to the upper end face of the support platform 33, and a positioning ring seat 52 is fixed above the air guide seat 51. The rubber ring 53 is coaxially connected to the upper end face of the positioning ring seat 52. The rubber ring 53 can make sealing contact with the cylinder liner port to ensure the sealing effect of the cylinder liner end. The side pressure chambers 54 are multiple and distributed in a circle. Each side pressure chamber 54 is horizontally arranged on the outer circumferential side wall of the positioning ring seat 52. The inner wall of the positioning ring seat 52 is provided with multiple air channels 55. The side pressure chambers 54 are respectively sealed and connected to the air channels 55 through air guide holes 56. A sealing plug 57 is slidably connected in each of the side pressure chambers 54. A drive motor 58 is installed outside the side pressure chamber 54. A cam is rotatably connected to the output end of the drive motor 58. A connecting rod is hinged on the cam, and the other end of the connecting rod is connected to the sealing plug 57. The cam and connecting rod mechanism drives the sealing plug 57 to reciprocate in the side pressure chamber 54, realizing fine adjustment in negative pressure environment or high pressure environment, and adapting to the airflow requirements at different stages of the pressing process.

[0025] A bypass hole 59 is provided on the side wall of the side pressure chamber 54; The pressure relief channel 510 is located inside the lower part of the air guide seat 51.

[0026] In this embodiment, a negative pressure air passage 511 and a high pressure air passage 512 are provided on the inner wall of the air guide seat 51. The negative pressure air passage 511 and the high pressure air passage 512 are respectively connected to a negative pressure pipe and an air intake pipe. The air intake pipe delivers high pressure airflow, which can achieve a blowing effect on the inside of the cylinder liner, thereby cleaning internal iron filings, dust and other impurities. The other end of the negative pressure pipe is connected to a vacuum pump, which mainly provides a negative pressure effect to the cylinder liner. In each of the odd-numbered side pressure chambers 54, the air guide hole 56 is configured as a one-way air inlet, and the bypass hole 59 is configured as a one-way exhaust hole. Specifically, under normal circumstances, the air seal positioning assembly 5 utilizes the negative pressure air passage 511 to provide a negative pressure effect, reducing the piston pressing resistance. As the piston is gradually pressed in, the piston in each of the even-numbered side pressure chambers 54 moves to fine-tune the negative pressure environment, compensating for the volume change caused by the piston's downward movement, ensuring the dynamic stability of the negative pressure environment, and avoiding fluctuations during the pressing process. When the piston becomes stuck and cannot be press-fitted, the air seal positioning component 5 uses the high-pressure air passage 512 to provide high-pressure airflow. At this time, the piston displacement in each of the odd-numbered side pressure chambers 54 is adjusted by the high-pressure environment. In conjunction with the pressure relief channel 510, pulse pressurization (pressurization-depressurization-repressurization) is performed, thereby disengaging the piston from the cylinder liner. Without stopping the machine or manual intervention, the system automatically identifies the stuck piston and starts the high-pressure pulse to release it, restoring the press-fitting process. This significantly reduces the scrap rate caused by the stuck piston and ensures the efficient operation of the automated production line.

[0027] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automated production line for testing and assembling power units, characterized in that, It includes: Piston storage bracket (11), with a coordinate measuring machine (12) installed on one side; The conveyor belt (1) is located in the unloading area of ​​the coordinate measuring machine (12) and is distributed perpendicularly to the coordinate measuring machine (12) at 90°. Heating device (13), assembly and turning device (17), and cleaning device (18) are arranged sequentially along the transmission direction of the conveyor belt (1); A pull rod storage bracket (14) is located outside the conveyor belt (1) and distributed on the same side as the piston storage bracket (11). A screw pre-tightening machine (15) is provided outside the pull rod storage bracket (14), and a connecting rod bearing storage bracket (16) is provided on one side of the screw pre-tightening machine (15). The positioning sleeve clamping mechanism (2) is set at the unloading end of the conveyor belt (1) and is distributed perpendicularly to the conveyor belt (1) at 90°. The feeding end of the positioning sleeve clamping mechanism (2) is respectively provided with a positioning sleeve storage bracket (21) and a cylinder liner storage bracket (22). A gantry robot (23) is suspended between the positioning sleeve clamping mechanism (2) and the conveyor belt (1); a cylinder head storage bracket is also provided on the side of the gantry robot (23) away from the conveyor belt (1); The piston assembly unit (3) is located at the output end of the cleaning device (18) and below the gantry robot (23).

2. The automated production line for power unit testing and assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: A piston-grabbing robot (19) is provided on the side of the coordinate measuring machine (12) near the heating device (13) for grabbing pistons on the piston storage bracket (11) into the coordinate measuring machine (12); The screw pre-tightening machine (15) is two symmetrically arranged, and a linkage gripping robot is arranged between the two screw pre-tightening machines (15). The linkage gripping robot is located between the pull rod storage bracket (14) and the assembly flipping device (17) and is used to grip the assembled linkage into the assembly flipping device (17). A cylinder liner gripping robot is provided on the side of the cylinder liner storage bracket (22) away from the positioning sleeve storage bracket (21).

3. The automated production line for power unit testing and assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cylinder head assembly device is provided between the cylinder head storage bracket and the piston assembly unit (3).

4. The automated production line for power unit testing and assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The piston assembly unit (3) includes: The base (31) has an assembly frame (32) vertically mounted on its upper surface, and a support platform (33) is horizontally fixed below one side of the assembly frame (32). The press-fitting frame is fixed to one side of the assembly frame (32) and located above the support platform (33); The pressing device (4) is vertically installed on the pressing frame; The air seal positioning component (5) is centrally located on the upper surface of the support platform (33).

5. The automated production line for power unit testing and assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper end face of the support platform (33) is vertically and symmetrically fixed with two columns (34), and the upper end face of the two columns (34) is horizontally provided with a crossbeam frame (35), and a press-fit sleeve (36) is fixed in the middle of the crossbeam frame (35). Each column (34) is vertically connected to a loading cylinder (37), and one end of the loading cylinder (37) is connected to the crossbeam frame (35); The inner diameter of the press-fit sleeve (36) is equal to the inner diameter of the cylinder liner.

6. The automated production line for power unit testing and assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that, The pressing device (4) includes: The transfer frame (41) has two first slide rails (42) arranged parallel to each other on the lower end face of the press frame. The transfer frame (41) is slidably connected to the first slide rails (42) by a slider. The lead screw (43) is rotatably connected to the lower end face of the press frame and is set parallel to the first slide rail (42). A guide sleeve is fixed on the transfer frame (41), and the guide sleeve is threadedly slidably connected to the lead screw (43). Mounting plate (44) is disposed below the transfer frame (41). The lower end face of the transfer frame (41) is fixed with a second slide rail that is perpendicular to the first slide rail (42). The mounting plate (44) is slidably connected to the second slide rail. A fixing bracket (45) is vertically fixed to one side of the lower end face of the mounting plate (44), and an adjusting plate (46) is horizontally slidably provided on one side of the fixing bracket (45). A flexible guide shaft (6) is vertically arranged on one side of an adjusting plate (46), and a third guide rail (47) is vertically fixed on the adjusting plate (46). The flexible guide shaft (6) is slidably mounted on the third guide rail (47). The hydraulic cylinder (48) is vertically fixed at the center of the upper end face of the mounting plate (44).

7. The automated production line for power unit testing and assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that: A fixed cylinder shaft (49) is vertically arranged on one side of the flexible guide shaft (6) on the adjusting plate (46). The fixed cylinder shaft (49) is slidably connected to the adjusting plate (46) through the third guide rail (47). A spindle (410) is arranged inside the fixed cylinder shaft (49). The upper end faces of the flexible guide shaft (6) and the fixed cylinder shaft (49) are both fixed with connecting sleeves (411), and the connecting sleeves (411) are fixed with a retaining shaft (412). The lower end face of the hydraulic cylinder (48) is fixed with a docking clamp (413), and the docking clamp (413) is detachably slidably connected to each of the connecting sleeves (411).

8. The automated production line for power unit testing and assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that: The flexible guide shaft (6) is composed of an upper shaft tube (61) and a lower shaft tube (62) that are fixed coaxially. A drive shaft (63) is vertically rotatably connected inside the upper shaft tube (61), and the lower end of the drive shaft (63) extends into and is connected to the lower shaft tube (62). A pressure joint (64) is slidably disposed inside the lower shaft tube (62), a support spring is connected above the pressure joint (64), a shaft pressure block (65) is slidably connected inside the pressure joint (64), and the lower end of the drive shaft (63) is fixed to the shaft pressure block (65); The lower end face of the crimp joint (64) is circumferentially distributed with multiple electromagnetic vibrators (66), each of which is axially slidably disposed in the crimp joint (64), and the upper end of the electromagnetic vibrator (66) is provided with a support shaft. The crimp connector (64) is provided with a limit plate (67) that can rotate in all directions, and the lower ends of each support shaft abut against the limit plate (67). The lower end face of the axial pressure block (65) is configured as an inclined surface.

9. The automated production line for power unit testing and assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that, The air-sealed positioning assembly (5) includes: An air guide seat (51) is fixed to the upper surface of the support platform (33), and a positioning ring seat (52) is fixed above the air guide seat (51). The rubber ring (53) is coaxially connected to the upper end face of the positioning ring seat (52); The side pressure chambers (54) are multiple and distributed in a circle. Each side pressure chamber (54) is horizontally arranged on the outer circumferential side wall of the positioning ring seat (52). The inner wall of the positioning ring seat (52) is provided with multiple air channels (55). The side pressure chambers (54) are respectively sealed and connected to the air channels (55) through air guide holes (56). A sealing plug (57) is slidably connected in each of the side pressure chambers (54). A drive motor (58) is installed outside the side pressure chamber (54). A cam is rotatably connected to the output end of the drive motor (58). A connecting rod is hinged on the cam, and the other end of the connecting rod is connected to the sealing plug (57). A bypass hole (59) is provided on the side wall of the side pressure chamber (54); The pressure relief channel (510) is located inside the lower part of the air guide seat (51).

10. The automated production line for power unit testing and assembly according to claim 9, characterized in that: The inner wall of the air guide seat (51) is provided with a negative pressure air passage (511) and a high pressure air passage (512), and the negative pressure air passage (511) and the high pressure air passage (512) are respectively connected to a negative pressure pipe and an air inlet pipe. In each of the side pressure chambers (54) located in odd positions, the air guide hole (56) is set as a one-way air inlet hole, and the bypass hole (59) is set as a one-way exhaust hole.

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