3D printing and laser processing integrated device

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of advanced manufacturing technology, specifically disclosing an integrated 3D printing and laser processing equipment, including a small integrated device and a large integrated device. The small integrated device includes an integrated housing, a laser cutting area, a mechanical clamping area, a 3D printing area, and control buttons. The laser cutting area is located on one side inside the integrated housing, and the mechanical clamping area is located on the middle side inside the integrated housing. By setting up small and large integrated devices, this invention integrates the two originally independent processes of 3D printing and laser processing into a single device. This significantly shortens the transfer time of parts between different processing stages, effectively avoids the cumulative errors introduced by multiple clamping and positioning, thereby greatly improving overall manufacturing efficiency, while reducing logistics costs and time consumption, bringing a more efficient and precise processing solution to the manufacturing industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of advanced manufacturing technology, specifically relating to an integrated 3D printing and laser processing equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Since the beginning of the 21st century, high-performance, highly complex, and integrated metal and non-metal parts have been increasingly widely used in cutting-edge technology industries such as national defense, aerospace, transportation, energy and power, and biomedicine. The requirements for manufacturing performance, precision, and efficiency are also becoming increasingly stringent. However, for lightweight and complex parts, traditional manufacturing processes such as casting, forging, and machining have prominent problems such as high processing difficulty, numerous procedures, and long cycles. The introduction of plasma-flame composite torch technology has effectively solved this problem. In recent years, 3D printing and laser processing technologies have developed rapidly, significantly improving the overall manufacturing capability of highly complex parts and further releasing design freedom. This has led to the development of manufacturing models towards the integration of design, manufacturing, and function, and has become an important development direction for advanced manufacturing technologies.

[0003] Traditional manufacturing requires the separate use of 3D printers and laser processing machines, which leads to the transfer of parts between different devices, increasing logistics costs and time consumption. Furthermore, multi-device processing requires multiple clamping and positioning operations, which can easily introduce cumulative errors. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated 3D printing and laser processing device to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] Integrated 3D printing and laser processing equipment, including:

[0007] Small integrated equipment and large integrated equipment;

[0008] The small integrated device includes an integrated housing, a laser cutting area, a mechanical clamping area, a 3D printing area, and control buttons. The laser cutting area is located on one side inside the integrated housing, the mechanical clamping area is located in the middle of the integrated housing, the 3D printing area is located on the other side inside the integrated housing, and there are four control buttons, all of which are installed on the top of the integrated housing.

[0009] The large integrated equipment includes an integrated base, a large mechanical gripper, a laser cutting seat, an alarm, a control computer, and a 3D printing chamber. The large mechanical gripper is installed at the top center of the integrated base, the laser cutting seat is installed on one side of the top of the integrated base, the alarm is installed on the other side of the top of the integrated base, the control computer is installed on one side of the outer wall of the integrated base, and the 3D printing chamber is located on the other side of the interior of the integrated base.

[0010] Preferably, the mechanical clamping area is connected to the laser cutting area and the 3D printing area, and 3D printing heads are installed on the top inner wall of the 3D printing area and on one side inner wall of the 3D printing chamber.

[0011] Preferably, a laser observation window is provided on one inner wall of the laser cutting area, a feeding seat is installed on the bottom inner wall of the laser cutting area, a feeding plate is placed on the feeding seat, a laser cutter is installed on the top inner wall of the laser cutting area, and a limit strip is installed on the other inner wall of the laser cutting area, with a limit groove formed on the outer wall of the limit strip.

[0012] Preferably, the upper part of the inner walls on both sides of the mechanical clamping area is provided with clamping observation windows, a CNC computer is installed in the middle of the outer wall of the integrated box, and a small mechanical claw is installed on the bottom inner wall of the mechanical clamping area.

[0013] Preferably, a printing observation window is provided on one inner wall of the 3D printing area, a material receiving seat is installed on the bottom inner wall of the 3D printing area, and a 3D printing base is installed between the two inner walls of the 3D printing area. The top of the 3D printing base has multiple through holes.

[0014] Preferably, the top of both the receiving seat and the unloading seat has multiple ventilation slots, and the laser cutter, the small mechanical gripper, and the control buttons are all electrically connected to the CNC computer.

[0015] Preferably, a material stacking seat is installed at the lower part of one end of the 3D printing chamber, an adjustment seat is installed at the top of the laser cutting seat, a placement groove is opened on one side of the top of the adjustment seat, and a support frame is installed on the other side of the top of the adjustment seat.

[0016] Preferably, the large robotic gripper includes a mounting plate, mounting holes, a multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm, and an end effector. The mounting plate is mounted on the top of an integrated base. There are four mounting holes, which are respectively located at the four corners of the top of the mounting plate. The multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm is mounted in the middle of the top of the mounting plate, and the end effector is mounted on the other end of the multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm.

[0017] Preferably, the multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm, end effector, adjustment seat, 3D printing chamber, and alarm are all electrically connected to the control computer, and multiple ventilation slots are provided on the bottom inner walls of the laser cutting seat, 3D printing chamber, and material stacking seat.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0019] (1) By setting up small integrated equipment and large integrated equipment, the present invention integrates the two originally independent processes of 3D printing and laser processing into a single equipment. This significantly shortens the transfer time of parts between different processing stages, effectively avoids the cumulative error introduced by multiple clamping and positioning, thereby greatly improving the overall manufacturing efficiency, while reducing logistics costs and time consumption, and bringing a more efficient and accurate processing solution to the manufacturing industry.

[0020] (2) By setting up a small integrated device, the present invention cleverly integrates two independent processes, 3D printing and laser processing, into a compact box structure. This not only realizes the efficient collaborative work of laser cutting on the left half and 3D printing on the right half, but also realizes the automatic adjustment of the position and state of the processed parts through the small mechanical claw 133 set in the middle part. This innovative design shows significant advantages in rapid prototyping, small-batch production and manufacturing of complex geometric parts.

[0021] (3) This invention is specially designed for large-size laser cutting needs by setting up a large integrated equipment and is equipped with a large mechanical claw to adapt to a wider range of workpiece sizes, thereby being able to cope with larger, more complex and more diverse product processing needs. This innovation not only meets the higher demand of some users for laser cutting capabilities, but also reduces the equipment footprint and optimizes the production process through integrated design, bringing users higher production efficiency and lower production costs. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the small integrated device of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged view of A in the middle;

[0025] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged view of B in the middle;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a perspective view of the 3D printing base of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a perspective view of the large integrated device of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 Enlarged view of C in the middle;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a perspective view of the large mechanical claw of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a flowchart illustrating the processing of the present invention;

[0031] In the diagram: 1. Small integrated equipment; 2. Large integrated equipment;

[0032] 11. Integrated housing; 12. Laser cutting area; 13. Mechanical clamping area; 14. 3D printing area; 15. Control buttons;

[0033] 121. Laser observation window; 122. Feeding seat; 123. Feeding plate; 124. Laser cutter; 125. Limiting strip; 126. Limiting groove;

[0034] 131. Clamping observation window; 132. CNC computer; 133. Small mechanical gripper;

[0035] 141. Printing observation window; 142. Material receiving base; 143. 3D printing base; 144. Through hole;

[0036] 21. Integrated base; 22. Large robotic gripper; 23. Laser cutting base; 24. Alarm; 25. Control computer; 26. 3D printing chamber; 27. Stacking base; 28. Adjustable base; 29. ​​Placement slot; 210. Support frame;

[0037] 221. Mounting plate; 222. Mounting hole; 223. Multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm; 224. End effector. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Example 1:

[0040] Please see Figures 1 to 9 As shown, the integrated 3D printing and laser processing equipment includes:

[0041] Small integrated equipment 1 and large integrated equipment 2;

[0042] The small integrated device 1 includes an integrated housing 11, a laser cutting area 12, a mechanical clamping area 13, a 3D printing area 14, and control buttons 15. The laser cutting area 12 is located on one side inside the integrated housing 11, the mechanical clamping area 13 is located on the middle side inside the integrated housing 11, the 3D printing area 14 is located on the other side inside the integrated housing 11, and there are four control buttons 15, all of which are installed on the top of the integrated housing 11.

[0043] Depend on Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 6 and Figure 9 It is known that the large integrated equipment 2 includes an integrated base 21, a large mechanical gripper 22, a laser cutting seat 23, an alarm 24, a control computer 25, and a 3D printing chamber 26. The large mechanical gripper 22 is installed at the top center of the integrated base 21, the laser cutting seat 23 is installed on one side of the top of the integrated base 21, the alarm 24 is installed on the other side of the top of the integrated base 21, the control computer 25 is installed on one side of the outer wall of the integrated base 21, and the 3D printing chamber 26 is located on the other side of the interior of the integrated base 21.

[0044] As can be seen from the above, this invention innovatively integrates 3D printing and laser processing, two originally independent processes, into a single device, achieving efficient and precise parts manufacturing. A small integrated device 1 or a large integrated device 2 can be selected according to actual processing needs. Once processing begins, a file containing part information is first imported. The system then identifies the processing material, which includes various materials such as acrylic, carbon fiber wood, ceramics, ABS plastic, and nylon aluminum powder. Next, the system performs intelligent analysis and intelligently recommends suitable processing solutions based on the input 3D model or 2D drawing. These solutions include both 3D printing and laser processing. The recommended processing solution needs to be manually confirmed before proceeding to the actual processing stage. If the overall processing... If the initial processing is not completed, the system will select either 3D printing or laser processing according to the preset program to continue. During processing, the system will determine in real time whether it is necessary to switch processing modules. If so, it will automatically switch processing nozzles and tools, while adaptively adjusting parameters and focusing to ensure processing accuracy and quality. 3D printing and laser processing can work simultaneously throughout the entire process, further improving processing efficiency. When all processing steps are completed, the system outputs the finished product. This integrated equipment design significantly shortens the transfer time of parts between different processing steps, effectively avoids the cumulative errors introduced by multiple clamping and positioning, greatly improves overall manufacturing efficiency, and reduces logistics costs and time consumption, providing the manufacturing industry with a more efficient and precise processing solution.

[0045] For details, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 6 and Figure 9 As shown, the mechanical clamping area 13 is connected to the laser cutting area 12 and the 3D printing area 14. 3D printing heads are installed on the top inner wall of the 3D printing area 14 and on one side inner wall of the 3D printing chamber 26.

[0046] As can be seen from the above, the mechanical clamping area 13 can transfer and interact with the laser cutting area 12 and the 3D printing area 14 to transfer materials, tools or workpieces, so that different processing links in the whole system can work together to a certain extent, realizing continuous or related processing flow from laser cutting to mechanical clamping to 3D printing, improving work efficiency and system integration, and enabling 3D printing operations to be performed in both the 3D printing area 14 and the 3D printing chamber 26, meeting diverse 3D printing tasks.

[0047] Example 2:

[0048] refer to Figures 2 to 5 As shown, a laser observation window 121 is provided on one inner wall of the laser cutting area 12, a feeding seat 122 is installed on the bottom inner wall of the laser cutting area 12, a feeding plate 123 is placed on the feeding seat 122, a laser cutter 124 is installed on the top inner wall of the laser cutting area 12, and a limit strip 125 is installed on the other inner wall of the laser cutting area 12, with a limit groove 126 provided on the outer wall of the limit strip 125.

[0049] The upper part of the inner walls on both sides of the mechanical clamping area 13 is provided with clamping observation windows 131, the middle of the outer wall of the integrated box 11 is equipped with a CNC computer 132, and a small mechanical claw 133 is installed on the bottom inner wall of the mechanical clamping area 13.

[0050] A printing observation window 141 is provided on one side of the inner wall of the 3D printing area 14. A material receiving seat 142 is installed on the bottom inner wall of the 3D printing area 14. A 3D printing seat 143 is installed between the inner walls of both sides of the 3D printing area 14. Multiple through holes 144 are provided at the top of the 3D printing seat 143.

[0051] As can be seen from the above, this small integrated device 1 cleverly integrates two independent processes, 3D printing and laser processing, into a compact integrated box 11, achieving efficient collaborative work between the left half of laser cutting and the right half of 3D printing. During operation, the material is first placed on the feeding plate 123 of the feeding seat 122 in the laser cutting area 12. After the laser cutter 124 accurately positions the material, it is cut. The laser observation window 121 can be used to observe the cutting status of the material. The limiting strip 125 and the limiting groove 126 ensure the accuracy of the cutting. The cut material is picked up by the small mechanical claw 133 in the mechanical clamping area 13. After being confirmed by the clamping observation window 131, it is transferred to the 3D printing area 14. In the 3D printing area 14, the receiving seat 142 receives the material, and the 3D printing head performs the printing operation above the 3D printing seat 143. The printing observation window 141 facilitates monitoring of the process. Throughout the process, the CNC computer 132 precisely controls components such as the laser cutter 124 and the small mechanical gripper 133 via electrical connection. Operators can send commands through the control button 15 to achieve an efficient and continuous processing flow from laser cutting to 3D printing. The ventilation slots of the receiving seat 142 and the unloading seat 122 can also optimize the processing environment and ensure stable operation of the equipment. Through the small mechanical gripper 133 in the mechanical clamping area 13, the position and state of the processed parts can be automatically adjusted. This innovative design significantly shortens the transfer time of parts between different processes and improves manufacturing efficiency. It shows significant advantages, especially in rapid prototyping, small-batch production, and the manufacturing of parts with complex geometries, providing users with a more flexible and efficient manufacturing solution.

[0052] Preferred, Reference Figures 2 to 5 As shown, multiple ventilation slots are provided at the top of the receiving seat 142 and the unloading seat 122. The laser cutter 124, the small mechanical claw 133 and the control button 15 are all electrically connected to the CNC computer 132.

[0053] As can be seen from the above, opening multiple ventilation slots helps improve the air circulation on the surfaces of the receiving seat 142 and the discharging seat 122. The ventilation slots can promote airflow, help dissipate heat, and reduce the impact of heat accumulation on materials or equipment. At the same time, the ventilation slots also help to remove pollutants such as dust, keep the surfaces of the receiving seat 142 and the discharging seat 122 clean, ensure the stability of material placement and the smooth progress of the processing. Through electrical connection, the CNC computer 132 can precisely control the laser cutter 124 and the small mechanical gripper 133.

[0054] Example 3:

[0055] refer to Figures 6 to 8 As shown, a material stacking seat 27 is installed at the lower part of one end of the 3D printing chamber 26, and an adjustment seat 28 is installed at the top of the laser cutting seat 23. A placement slot 29 is opened on one side of the top of the adjustment seat 28, and a support frame 210 is installed on the other side of the top of the adjustment seat 28.

[0056] The large robotic gripper 22 includes a mounting plate 221, mounting holes 222, a multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm 223, and an end effector 224. The mounting plate 221 is mounted on the top of the integrated base 21. There are four mounting holes 222, which are respectively opened at the four corners of the top of the mounting plate 221. The multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm 223 is mounted in the middle of the top of the mounting plate 221, and the end effector 224 is mounted on the other end of the multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm 223.

[0057] As can be seen from the above, this large integrated equipment 2 is specifically designed for the needs of large-size laser cutting. During operation, the large mechanical gripper 22, as the core component, uses the flexible movement of the multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm 223 and the end effector 224 to grasp and position workpieces of various sizes and shapes. The material can be placed in the placement slot 29 of the adjustment seat 28 on the laser cutting seat 23. During the laser cutting process, the control computer 25 precisely controls the laser cutting equipment and the large mechanical gripper 22 to ensure cutting accuracy and efficiency. After the cutting is completed, the large mechanical gripper 22 transfers the material to the 3D printing chamber 26. The 3D printing head in the 3D printing chamber 26 can perform large-size part printing operations as needed, and the material is stacked. Seat 27 is used to store printing materials or finished products. Operators can fully control the entire equipment through control computer 25 to ensure the orderly operation of each component, thereby meeting the needs of larger, more complex, and more diverse product processing. If the equipment malfunctions, alarm 24 will sound an alarm in time to remind operators to handle the situation, ensuring that the equipment can efficiently and stably complete a series of operations from laser cutting to 3D printing in complex processing tasks. This innovative design not only meets the higher demands of some users for laser cutting capabilities, but also reduces the equipment's footprint through integrated design, optimizes the production process, and brings users higher production efficiency and lower production costs, thus promoting the development of advanced manufacturing technology to a higher level.

[0058] Preferred, Reference Figures 6 to 8 As shown, the multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm 223, end effector 224, adjustment seat 28, 3D printing chamber 26 and alarm 24 are all electrically connected to the control computer 25. Multiple ventilation slots are opened on the bottom inner walls of the laser cutting seat 23, 3D printing chamber 26 and material stacking seat 27.

[0059] As can be seen from the above, the control computer 25 can plan and control the complex movements of the multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm 223 and the end effector 224, enabling the robotic arm to complete various operational tasks according to a predetermined trajectory and posture, such as material gripping, handling, and assembly. Through the control adjustment seat 28, the position, angle, and other parameters of related equipment or components can be adjusted to adapt to different processing needs. The 3D printing chamber 26 can be controlled to adjust printing parameters, start or stop the printing process, etc. When the system malfunctions, encounters abnormal conditions, or reaches preset alarm conditions, the control computer 25 can promptly trigger the alarm 24 to issue an alarm signal, reminding the operator to take corresponding measures to ensure the safe operation of the system. The ventilation slots are mainly designed to improve air circulation in the relevant areas. On the one hand, they help dissipate heat and prevent equipment damage due to overheating. On the other hand, they also facilitate the removal of dust, thereby maintaining the cleanliness of the equipment interior and working environment. In addition, the ventilation slots can also help keep the materials dry and stable, ensuring processing quality.

[0060] Application example:

[0061] This design can be applied to multiple fields, including industrial manufacturing, scientific research and education, and customized production. In industrial manufacturing, this equipment is widely used in the aerospace, automotive, and medical device industries for manufacturing precision parts, effectively solving the manufacturing challenges of lightweight and complex parts and significantly improving manufacturing precision and efficiency. In scientific research and education, it becomes an ideal tool for university laboratories and research institutions to conduct advanced manufacturing technology research and teaching demonstrations, powerfully promoting scientific research and talent cultivation. In customized production, this equipment can meet the needs of personalized customization and small-batch production, flexibly adjusting the production process and reducing production costs. Its application principle is based on the organic combination of 3D printing and laser processing technologies, using a small... The precise coordination of the robotic gripper 133 or the large robotic gripper 22 enables integrated operation of parts from 3D printing to laser processing. In practical applications, this equipment not only significantly improves manufacturing efficiency and reduces logistics costs and time consumption, but also reduces the number of clamping and positioning operations, thereby reducing cumulative errors and improving manufacturing accuracy. At the same time, it enhances design freedom, improves product quality, and powerfully promotes technological innovation, injecting new vitality into the development of advanced manufacturing technology. Both the small integrated equipment 1 and the large integrated equipment 2 in this design integrate two independent processes, 3D printing and laser processing, into one device, reducing the transfer time of parts between different devices and thus improving manufacturing efficiency.

[0062] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A 3D printing and laser processing integrated equipment, characterized in that, include: Small integrated equipment (1) and large integrated equipment (2); The small integrated device (1) includes an integrated housing (11), a laser cutting area (12), a mechanical clamping area (13), a 3D printing area (14), and control buttons (15). The laser cutting area (12) is located on one side inside the integrated housing (11), the mechanical clamping area (13) is located on the middle side inside the integrated housing (11), and the 3D printing area (14) is located on the other side inside the integrated housing (11). There are four control buttons (15), and all four control buttons (15) are installed on the top of the integrated housing (11). The large integrated equipment (2) includes an integrated base (21), a large mechanical gripper (22), a laser cutting seat (23), an alarm (24), a control computer (25), and a 3D printing chamber (26). The large mechanical gripper (22) is installed at the top center of the integrated base (21), the laser cutting seat (23) is installed on one side of the top of the integrated base (21), the alarm (24) is installed on the other side of the top of the integrated base (21), the control computer (25) is installed on one side of the outer wall of the integrated base (21), and the 3D printing chamber (26) is located on the other side of the interior of the integrated base (21).

2. The integrated 3D printing and laser processing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mechanical clamping area (13) is connected to the laser cutting area (12) and the 3D printing area (14). 3D printing heads are installed on the top inner wall of the 3D printing area (14) and on one side inner wall of the 3D printing chamber (26).

3. The integrated 3D printing and laser processing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A laser observation window (121) is provided on one side of the inner wall of the laser cutting area (12). A feeding seat (122) is installed on the bottom inner wall of the laser cutting area (12). A feeding plate (123) is placed on the feeding seat (122). A laser cutter (124) is installed on the top inner wall of the laser cutting area (12). A limit strip (125) is installed on the other side of the inner wall of the laser cutting area (12). A limit groove (126) is provided on the outer wall of the limit strip (125).

4. The integrated 3D printing and laser processing equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mechanical clamping area (13) has clamping observation windows (131) on the upper part of the inner walls on both sides. The integrated box (11) has a CNC computer (132) installed in the middle of the outer wall. The mechanical clamping area (13) has a small mechanical claw (133) installed on the bottom inner wall.

5. The integrated 3D printing and laser processing equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: A printing observation window (141) is provided on one side of the inner wall of the 3D printing area (14). A receiving seat (142) is installed on the bottom inner wall of the 3D printing area (14). A 3D printing seat (143) is installed between the inner walls on both sides of the 3D printing area (14). A plurality of through holes (144) are provided at the top of the 3D printing seat (143).

6. The integrated 3D printing and laser processing equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top of the receiving seat (142) and the unloading seat (122) are provided with multiple ventilation slots. The laser cutter (124), the small mechanical claw (133) and the control button (15) are all electrically connected to the CNC computer (132).

7. The integrated 3D printing and laser processing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A material stacking seat (27) is installed at the lower part of one end of the 3D printing chamber (26), and an adjustment seat (28) is installed at the top of the laser cutting seat (23). A placement slot (29) is opened on one side of the top of the adjustment seat (28), and a support frame (210) is installed on the other side of the top of the adjustment seat (28).

8. The integrated 3D printing and laser processing equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The large mechanical gripper (22) includes a mounting plate (221), mounting holes (222), a multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm (223), and an end effector (224). The mounting plate (221) is mounted on the top of the integrated base (21). There are four mounting holes (222), which are respectively opened at the four corners of the top of the mounting plate (221). The multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm (223) is mounted in the middle of the top of the mounting plate (221), and the end effector (224) is mounted on the other end of the multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm (223).

9. The integrated 3D printing and laser processing equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm (223), end effector (224), adjustment seat (28), 3D printing chamber (26) and alarm (24) are all electrically connected to the control computer (25). Multiple ventilation slots are opened on the bottom inner wall of the laser cutting seat (23), 3D printing chamber (26) and stacking seat (27).

Images