Antistatic fibers, process for their preparation and method for adjusting their fineness and / or volume resistivity
Antistatic fibers were prepared by a composite spinning process, using a core-shell structure of conductive composition and soluble fiber-forming polymer. This solved the problems of poor spinnability and performance of light-colored antistatic fibers, achieving the effect of light-colored fibers that can be dyed and have excellent antistatic properties.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINESE TEXTILE ACAD
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-26
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods for preparing light-colored antistatic fibers are complex and costly, and it is difficult to achieve a combination of light-colored fibers, dyeability, and good antistatic properties.
Antistatic fibers are prepared by a composite spinning process using a conductive composition and a soluble fiber-forming polymer. The sheath covers the outside of the core layer. The soluble fiber-forming polymer is removed by dissolution, while the core layer structure is preserved. The types and mass ratios of the components in the sheath and core layer are adjusted to regulate the fineness and volume resistivity.
Light-colored antistatic fibers with excellent antistatic properties were prepared, solving the problem of poor spinnability of light-colored antistatic fibers. The fibers were made light-colored and dyeable, and suitable fineness and volume resistivity were obtained by adjusting the structure.
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Figure BDA0005211556110000191 
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of functional fibers and their preparation methods, and in particular to an antistatic fiber, its preparation method, and its fineness and / or volume resistivity adjustment method. Background Technology
[0002] Static electricity is a common physical phenomenon involving the accumulation and distribution of electric charge. Static electricity occurs when the charge on the surface of an object is unbalanced. This phenomenon is ubiquitous in daily life; for example, in dry weather, you might hear a crackling sound when taking off clothes—this is the result of electrostatic discharge. Static electricity is mainly generated in two ways: triboelectric charging and inductive charging. Triboelectric charging occurs when two substances come into contact, and electrons from one substance transfer to the other, resulting in opposite charges. Inductive charging occurs when a charged object approaches an uncharged object, inducing negative and positive charges at the ends of the uncharged object, respectively. The presence of static electricity can have certain impacts on daily life and production; for example, in the electronics industry, static electricity can damage delicate electronic components. Currently, the performance of light-colored antistatic fibers is not ideal, and the preparation methods for antistatic fibers are complex and costly. Summary of the Invention
[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides an antistatic fiber, a method for preparing the same, and a method for adjusting the fineness and / or volume resistivity. Through this preparation method, an antistatic fiber with excellent antistatic properties can be obtained, and the fineness and / or volume resistivity of the antistatic fiber can be adjusted, thus making it more suitable for practical use.
[0004] To achieve the first objective mentioned above, the technical solution for the first type of antistatic fiber provided by the present invention is as follows:
[0005] The antistatic fiber provided by this invention includes a fiber body, wherein,
[0006] The fiber body is made of a conductive composition.
[0007] The first type of antistatic fiber provided by this invention can be further realized by the following technical measures.
[0008] Preferably, the conductive composition is selected from one or a mixture thereof, including CuI, KI, ATO@TiO2, ATO@mica, ATO@SiO2 nanoconductive powder or intrinsic antistatic polymer.
[0009] Preferably, the conductive powder has a mass percentage content of 0%-50% in the conductive composition.
[0010] Preferably, the intrinsic antistatic polymer in the conductive composition has a mass percentage of 0%-90%.
[0011] To achieve the second objective mentioned above, the technical solution for the first type of antistatic fiber provided by the present invention is as follows:
[0012] The antistatic fiber provided by this invention comprises a core layer and a sheath layer, wherein the sheath layer covers the outer side of the core layer, wherein...
[0013] The core layer is made of a conductive composition, and the sheath is made of a fiber-forming polymer.
[0014] The second type of antistatic fiber provided by this invention can be further realized by the following technical measures.
[0015] Preferably, the fiber-forming polymer used to form the skin layer is a soluble fiber-forming polymer, such that the fiber-forming polymer can be dissolved in an aqueous solution, an alkaline solution, or a mixture thereof.
[0016] Preferably, the radial cross-sectional shape of the core layer is selected from any one of the following: circular, semi-circular, cross-shaped, triangular, and arc-shaped.
[0017] Preferably, the conductive composition is selected from one or a mixture thereof, including CuI, KI, ATO@TiO2, ATO@mica, ATO@SiO2 nanoconductive powder or intrinsic antistatic polymer.
[0018] Preferably, the conductive powder has a mass percentage content of 0%-50% in the conductive composition.
[0019] Preferably, the intrinsic antistatic polymer in the conductive composition has a mass percentage of 0%-90%.
[0020] To achieve the third objective mentioned above, the technical solution of the first method for preparing antistatic fibers provided by the present invention is as follows:
[0021] The first method for preparing antistatic fiber provided by the present invention includes the following steps:
[0022] Preparation of intermediate products for conductive compositions;
[0023] The antistatic fiber is prepared by a composite spinning process, such that the antistatic fiber includes a core layer and a sheath layer, the sheath layer covering the outside of the core layer, wherein the core layer is made of the conductive composition and the sheath layer is made of the soluble fiber-forming polymer;
[0024] The antistatic fiber is obtained by dissolving and removing the soluble fiber-forming polymer.
[0025] The first method for preparing antistatic fiber provided by the present invention can also be further implemented by the following technical measures.
[0026] Preferably, the preparation of the conductive composition specifically includes the following steps:
[0027] The fiber-forming polymer, conductive component, dispersant, and antioxidant are mixed to obtain a homogeneous conductive composition.
[0028] The conductive composition is granulated to obtain an intermediate product of the conductive composition.
[0029] Preferably, the dispersant is selected from one or a mixture of several of ethylene bis-stearamide, ethylene bis-oleamide, ethylene bis-lauramide, hexamethylene bis-dodecyl stearamide, polyamide wax, ethylene bis-dodecyl stearamide, and hydroxyethyl ethylene bis-stearamide.
[0030] Preferably, the antioxidant is selected from hindered phenolic antioxidants, including one or a mixture of several of 1010, 1076, 1098, 1035, and 168.
[0031] Preferably, in the step of granulating the conductive composition to obtain the intermediate product of the conductive composition, the granulation temperature is 200℃-290℃ and the granulator speed is 50rpm-300rpm.
[0032] Preferably, the antistatic fiber is prepared by a composite spinning process, such that the antistatic fiber includes a core layer and a sheath layer, with the sheath layer covering the outside of the core layer. In the step where the core layer is made of the conductive composition and the sheath layer is made of the soluble fiber-forming polymer, the composite spinning method is melt composite spinning.
[0033] Preferably, during the melt composite spinning step, the mass ratio between the conductive composition intermediate and the soluble fiber-forming polymer is (10:90)-(50:50), and the spinning speed is 300m / min-4000m / min.
[0034] Preferably, the fineness and / or volume resistivity of the antistatic fiber can be adjusted by regulating the types and mass ratios of the components in the sheath and core layers.
[0035] To achieve the fourth objective mentioned above, the technical solution of the second method for preparing antistatic fibers provided by the present invention is as follows:
[0036] The second method for preparing antistatic fibers provided by this invention includes the following steps:
[0037] Preparation of intermediate products for conductive compositions;
[0038] The antistatic fiber is prepared by a composite spinning process, such that the antistatic fiber includes a core layer and a sheath layer, with the sheath layer covering the outside of the core layer. The core layer is made of the conductive composition, and the sheath layer is made of the soluble fiber-forming polymer.
[0039] The second method for preparing antistatic fibers provided by this invention can be further implemented using the following technical measures.
[0040] Preferably, the preparation of the conductive composition specifically includes the following steps:
[0041] The fiber-forming polymer, conductive component, dispersant, and antioxidant are mixed to obtain a homogeneous conductive composition.
[0042] The conductive composition is granulated to obtain an intermediate product of the conductive composition.
[0043] Preferably, the dispersant is selected from one or a mixture of several of ethylene bis-stearamide, ethylene bis-oleamide, ethylene bis-lauramide, hexamethylene bis-dodecyl stearamide, polyamide wax, ethylene bis-dodecyl stearamide, and hydroxyethyl ethylene bis-stearamide.
[0044] Preferably, the antioxidant is selected from hindered phenolic antioxidants, including one or a mixture of several of 1010, 1076, 1098, 1035, and 168.
[0045] Preferably, in the step of granulating the conductive composition to obtain the intermediate product of the conductive composition, the granulation temperature is 200℃-290℃ and the granulator speed is 50rpm-300rpm.
[0046] Preferably, the antistatic fiber is prepared by a composite spinning process, such that the antistatic fiber includes a core layer and a sheath layer, with the sheath layer covering the outside of the core layer. In the step where the core layer is made of the conductive composition and the sheath layer is made of the soluble fiber-forming polymer, the composite spinning method is melt composite spinning.
[0047] Preferably, during the melt composite spinning step, the mass ratio between the conductive composition intermediate and the soluble fiber-forming polymer is (10:90)-(50:50), and the spinning speed is 300m / min-4000m / min.
[0048] To achieve the fifth objective mentioned above, the technical solution of the first method for adjusting the fineness and / or volume resistivity of antistatic fibers provided by the present invention is as follows:
[0049] The first method for adjusting the fineness and / or volume resistivity of antistatic fibers provided by this invention includes the following steps:
[0050] In the process of preparing the first antistatic fiber provided by the present invention, the types and mass ratios of the components of the skin layer and the core layer are adjusted so that the obtained antistatic fiber has a set fineness and / or volume resistivity.
[0051] The technical advantages of the antistatic fiber, its preparation method, and its fineness and / or volume resistivity adjustment method provided by this invention include: Compared with antistatic fibers prepared using traditional dark conductive components such as carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, light-colored antistatic fibers prepared using light-colored nano-conductive powders or intrinsic antistatic polymers as conductive functional components have the advantages of light-colored fiber color and dyeability; secondly, by using the method provided in this patent to prepare light-colored antistatic fibers and removing the soluble fiber-forming polymer from the fiber sheath through hydrothermal or alkaline water treatment, light-colored antistatic fibers containing only the fiber core structure can be prepared, solving the problem of poor spinnability and inability to spin into filaments in light-colored antistatic compositions; finally, by precisely controlling the content of light-colored conductive powders and intrinsic antistatic polymers in the conductive composition, as well as the internal structure of the fiber, the structure, fineness, and volume resistivity of the light-colored antistatic fiber can be adjusted, and the final light-colored antistatic fiber has good antistatic properties. The light-colored antistatic fiber prepared using the melt composite spinning technology of this patent has excellent antistatic properties and the preparation process is relatively simple. The prepared light-colored antistatic fiber has broad application prospects in the fields of civil textiles, home textiles, microelectronics, medicine, and precision instruments. Detailed Implementation
[0052] In view of this, the present invention provides an antistatic fiber, a method for preparing the same, and a method for adjusting the fineness and / or volume resistivity. Through this preparation method, an antistatic fiber with excellent antistatic properties can be obtained, and the fineness and / or volume resistivity of the antistatic fiber can be adjusted, thus making it more suitable for practical use.
[0053] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve its intended purpose, the following detailed description, in conjunction with preferred embodiments, provides a detailed explanation of the antistatic fiber, its preparation method, and its fineness and / or volume resistivity adjustment method according to the present invention, including its specific implementation, structure, features, and effects. In the following description, different "embodiments" or "embodiments" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments can be combined in any suitable form.
[0054] In this article, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships, such as A and / or B. Specifically, it can mean that A and B can be included at the same time, A can exist alone, or B can exist alone, and any of the above three situations can be met.
[0055] The first type of antistatic fiber
[0056] The first type of antistatic fiber provided in this embodiment of the invention includes a fiber body, wherein the fiber body is made of a conductive composition. In this case, since the fiber body is a conductive composition, the antistatic properties are more prominent.
[0057] The conductive composition is selected from one or a mixture thereof, including CuI, KI, ATO@TiO2, ATO@mica, ATO@SiO2 nano-conductive powder, or intrinsically antistatic polymers. These components are light-colored nano-inorganic conductive powders, intrinsically antistatic polymers, and mixtures thereof. This claim clarifies the scope of protection and allows for the preparation of light-colored antistatic fibers with good color adaptability. The "@" in "A@B" is typically used to represent a core-shell structure, where A is the shell and B is the core. In this embodiment, the expression "ATO@TiO2" represents a core-shell structure composed of ATO and TiO2, where ATO is the shell and TiO2 is the core; "ATO@mica" represents a core-shell structure composed of ATO and mica, where ATO is the shell and mica is the core; and "ATO@SiO2" represents a core-shell structure composed of ATO and SiO2, where ATO is the shell and SiO2 is the core.
[0058] The conductive powder comprises 0%-50% by mass in the conductive composition. In this embodiment, the conductive powder is a light-colored conductive powder, and the light-colored conductive powder can be spun into a filament within this mass percentage range.
[0059] The intrinsic antistatic polymer has a mass percentage content of 0%-90% in the conductive composition. Within this range, the intrinsic antistatic polymer can be spun into fibers.
[0060] The second type of antistatic fiber
[0061] The second type of antistatic fiber provided in this invention includes a core layer and a sheath layer, with the sheath layer covering the outside of the core layer. The core layer is made of a conductive composition, and the sheath layer is made of a fiber-forming polymer. The conductive composition in the core layer and the polymer in the sheath layer have mismatched melt flowability or poor processability, and existing spinning techniques cannot produce light-colored antistatic fibers. However, the method provided in this patent can produce antistatic fibers with superior antistatic properties.
[0062] The fiber-forming polymer used to form the sheath is a soluble fiber-forming polymer, meaning it can dissolve in an aqueous solution, an alkaline solution, or a mixture thereof. By removing the fiber sheath and retaining only the fiber core, fibers with superior antistatic properties can be obtained.
[0063] The radial cross-sectional shape of the core layer can be selected from any of the following: circular, semi-circular, cross-shaped, triangular, or arc-shaped. In this case, the resulting fiber can have a variety of configurations.
[0064] The conductive composition is selected from one or a mixture of CuI, KI, ATO@TiO2, ATO@mica, ATO@SiO2 nano-conductive powder, or intrinsic antistatic polymers. In this case, the conductive materials are all light-colored, which can produce light-colored antistatic fibers with good color adaptability.
[0065] The conductive powder comprises 0%-50% by mass in the conductive composition. In this embodiment, the conductive powder is a light-colored conductive powder, and the light-colored conductive powder can be spun into a filament within this mass percentage range.
[0066] The intrinsic antistatic polymer has a mass percentage content of 0%-90% in the conductive composition. Within this range, the intrinsic antistatic polymer can be spun into fibers.
[0067] The first method for preparing antistatic fibers
[0068] The first method for preparing antistatic fiber provided in this embodiment of the invention includes the following steps:
[0069] Step S1: Prepare the conductive composition intermediate product;
[0070] Step S2: Antistatic fibers are prepared by a composite spinning process, such that the antistatic fibers include a core layer and a sheath layer, with the sheath layer covering the outside of the core layer. The core layer is made of a conductive composition, and the sheath layer is made of a soluble fiber-forming polymer.
[0071] Step S3: Dissolve and remove the soluble fiber-forming polymer to obtain antistatic fibers.
[0072] The preparation of the conductive composition intermediate product facilitates the subsequent molding and processing of the fiber core layer; and the composite spinning process is used to process composite fibers with a skin and core layer structure, and the skin layer of the composite fiber helps to ensure the irregular cross-section of the core layer.
[0073] The preparation of the conductive composition specifically includes the following steps:
[0074] The fiber-forming polymer, conductive component, dispersant, and antioxidant are mixed to obtain a homogeneous conductive composition;
[0075] The conductive composition is granulated to obtain an intermediate product of the conductive composition.
[0076] In this case, the conductive composite intermediate product, which consists of multiple components including conductive components, facilitates subsequent spinning processing of a single conductive component.
[0077] The dispersant is selected from one or a mixture of several of ethylene bis-stearamide, ethylene bis-oleamide, ethylene bis-lauramide, hexamethylene bis-dodecyl stearamide, polyamide wax, ethylene bis-dodecyl stearamide, and hydroxyethyl ethylene bis-stearamide. In this case, the dispersant is mainly used to improve the compatibility between the conductive nanoparticles and the fiber-forming polymers and intrinsically antistatic polymers, and to improve the dispersion uniformity.
[0078] The antioxidant is selected from hindered phenolic antioxidants, including one or a mixture of several of 1010, 1076, 1098, 1035, and 168. In this embodiment, the antioxidant mainly improves the heat and oxygen aging resistance of the fiber-forming polymer.
[0079] In the step of granulating the conductive composition to obtain an intermediate product, the granulation temperature is 200℃-290℃ and the granulator speed is 50rpm-300rpm. Under these conditions, it exhibits good subsequent processability.
[0080] In this process, antistatic fibers are prepared through a composite spinning process, resulting in fibers comprising a core layer and a sheath layer, with the sheath layer covering the outer surface of the core layer. The core layer is made of a conductive composition, and the sheath layer is made of a soluble fiber-forming polymer. The composite spinning method used is melt composite spinning. In this case, the sheath layer, a soluble fiber-forming polymer, is used during the spinning process, improving the fiber-forming processability of the conductive composition. The preparation method for antistatic fibers is composite spinning, and more specifically, melt composite spinning, where both the sheath and core layers can be processed through melt spinning.
[0081] In the melt composite spinning step, the mass ratio between the conductive composite intermediate and the soluble fiber-forming polymer is (10:90)-(50:50), and the spinning speed is 300m / min-4000m / min. Under these conditions, the resulting antistatic fiber exhibits good fiber-forming processing properties.
[0082] In this invention, the fineness and / or volume resistivity of the antistatic fiber can be adjusted by regulating the types and mass ratios of the components in the sheath and core layers. In this configuration, the antistatic fiber has a sheath-core structure, with the core layer being a conductive composition that is coated by the sheath layer during spinning. The sheath layer is a soluble fiber-forming polymer, and this structural design improves the fiber-forming processability of the conductive composition. The antistatic fiber is prepared using a composite spinning method, and more specifically, a melt composite spinning method, where the sheath and core layers can be melt-processed. The antistatic fiber of this invention achieves adjustable fineness and / or volume resistivity by adjusting the types and mass ratios of the sheath and core layers.
[0083] The second method for preparing antistatic fibers
[0084] The second method for preparing antistatic fiber provided in this embodiment of the invention includes the following steps:
[0085] Step S1: Prepare the conductive composition intermediate product;
[0086] Step S2: Antistatic fibers are prepared by a composite spinning process, such that the antistatic fibers include a core layer and a sheath layer, with the sheath layer covering the outside of the core layer. The core layer is made of a conductive composition, and the sheath layer is made of a fiber-forming polymer.
[0087] In this case, the preparation of the conductive composition intermediate product facilitates the subsequent molding and processing of the fiber core layer; and the composite fiber with a skin and core layer structure is processed by composite spinning, and the skin layer of the composite fiber helps to ensure the irregular cross-section of the core layer.
[0088] The preparation of the conductive composition specifically includes the following steps:
[0089] The fiber-forming polymer, conductive component, dispersant, and antioxidant are mixed to obtain a homogeneous conductive composition;
[0090] The conductive composition is granulated to obtain an intermediate product of the conductive composition.
[0091] In this case, the conductive composite intermediate product, which consists of multiple components including conductive components, facilitates subsequent spinning processing as a single component.
[0092] The dispersant is selected from one or a mixture of several of ethylene bis-stearamide, ethylene bis-oleamide, ethylene bis-lauramide, hexamethylene bis-dodecyl stearamide, polyamide wax, ethylene bis-dodecyl stearamide, and hydroxyethyl ethylene bis-stearamide. In this case, the dispersant is mainly used to improve the compatibility between the conductive nanoparticles and the fiber-forming polymers and intrinsically antistatic polymers, and to improve the dispersion uniformity.
[0093] The antioxidant is selected from hindered phenolic antioxidants, including one or a mixture of several of 1010, 1076, 1098, 1035, and 168. In this case, the antioxidant mainly improves the heat and oxygen aging resistance of the fiber-forming polymer.
[0094] In the step of granulating the conductive composition to obtain an intermediate conductive composition, the granulation temperature is 200℃-290℃ and the granulator speed is 50rpm-300rpm. The nano-conductive powder and intrinsically antistatic polymer selected in this embodiment of the invention exhibit good subsequent processability under these processing conditions.
[0095] In the process of preparing antistatic fibers through a composite spinning process, the antistatic fibers include a core layer and a sheath layer, with the sheath layer covering the outside of the core layer. The core layer is made of a conductive composition, and the sheath layer is made of a soluble fiber-forming polymer. In this process, the composite spinning method is melt composite spinning.
[0096] In the melt composite spinning step, the mass ratio between the conductive composite intermediate and the soluble fiber-forming polymer is (10:90)-(50:50), and the spinning speed is 300m / min-4000m / min. Under these conditions, adjusting the mass ratio of the sheath to the core and the spinning speed within a suitable range ensures good fiber processing properties.
[0097] The first method for adjusting the fineness and / or volume resistivity of antistatic fibers
[0098] The first method for adjusting the fineness and / or volume resistivity of antistatic fibers provided in this embodiment of the invention includes the following steps:
[0099] In the process of preparing the first antistatic fiber provided by the present invention, the types and mass ratios of components in the sheath and core are adjusted so that the obtained antistatic fiber has a set fineness and / or volume resistivity.
[0100] Example 1
[0101] In this embodiment, the mass ratio of the light-colored antistatic fiber sheath to the core layer is 10:90. The fiber sheath is a water-soluble polyester, and the core layer has a circular structure. The fiber core layer is composed of nano-light-colored conductive powder, an intrinsic antistatic polymer, a fiber-forming polymer, and processing aids. The light-colored conductive powder in the core layer is a mixture of ATO@TiO2 and CuI, with a content of 20 wt%. The intrinsic antistatic polymer content is 65 wt%, the fiber-forming polymer is polyamide, with a content of 12 wt%, and the remainder consists of 0.5 wt% antioxidant and 2.5 wt% dispersant as processing aids.
[0102] The specific steps of the above-mentioned light-colored antistatic fiber preparation process are as follows:
[0103] a. Preparation of light-colored conductive compositions
[0104] According to the above mass ratio, the dried light-colored nano-conductive powder, intrinsic antistatic polymer, polyamide, dispersant, and antioxidant were weighed separately and mixed at high speed to obtain a homogeneous conductive mixture. The conductive mixture was then granulated using a twin-screw extruder at a granulation temperature of 240℃ and a rotation speed of 300 rpm.
[0105] b. Preparation of light-colored antistatic fibers
[0106] Light-colored antistatic fibers with a double-layer structure containing a sheath and a core were prepared by melt spinning. The mass ratio of the sheath to the core was 10:90, and the spinning speed was 3000 m / min. This yielded light-colored antistatic fibers with a double-layer structure of 110 dtex / 12f. The water-soluble polyester sheath was dissolved in an aqueous solution at 60°C to prepare light-colored antistatic fibers containing only a circular core structure, with a fiber length resistivity of 1.2 × 10⁻⁶. 8 Ω / cm, fineness is 99 dtex.
[0107] Comparative Example 1
[0108] In this comparative example, the mass ratio of the light-colored antistatic fiber sheath to the core layer was 10:90. The fiber sheath was made of conventional polyester, and the core layer had a circular structure. The fiber core layer consisted of nano-light-colored conductive powder, intrinsic antistatic polymer, fiber-forming polymer, and additives. The light-colored conductive powder in the core layer was a mixture of ATO@TiO2 and CuI, with a content of 20 wt%. The intrinsic antistatic polymer had a content of 65 wt%, the fiber-forming polymer was polyamide, with a content of 12 wt%, and the remainder consisted of processing aids consisting of 0.5 wt% antioxidant and 2.5 wt% dispersant.
[0109] The specific steps are as follows:
[0110] a. Preparation of light-colored conductive compositions
[0111] Same as Example 1.
[0112] b. Preparation of light-colored antistatic fibers
[0113] Light-colored antistatic fibers with a double-layer structure containing a sheath and a core were prepared by melt spinning. The mass ratio of the sheath to the core was 10:90, and the spinning speed was 3000 m / min. This yielded a light-colored antistatic fiber with a double-layer structure of 110 dtex / 12f and a length resistivity of 2.7 × 10⁻⁶. 13 Ω / cm, fineness 99 dtex.
[0114] The data from Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 show that, under the same conditions, the unit resistance of the fiber in Example 1 decreased by five orders of magnitude compared to that in Comparative Example 1. This is because by dissolving and removing the water-soluble polyester sheath of the light-colored antistatic fiber, the light-colored antistatic fiber retains only the core layer structure with antistatic function, significantly reducing its unit resistance. The light-colored antistatic fiber with a soluble sheath and double-layer structure prepared by melt-spinning composite technology solves the technical problem of the difficulty in melt-spinning conductive compositions composed of high-content light-colored conductive powders or intrinsically antistatic polymers. Furthermore, by removing the soluble sheath of the composite fiber and retaining only the core layer, the unit resistance of the light-colored antistatic fiber is significantly reduced.
[0115] Comparative Example 2
[0116] In this comparative example, the mass ratio of the light-colored antistatic fiber sheath to the core layer was 10:90. The fiber sheath was a water-soluble polyester, and the core layer had a circular structure. The fiber core layer consisted of nano-light-colored conductive powder, intrinsic antistatic polymer, fiber-forming polymer, and additives. The light-colored conductive powder in the core layer was a mixture of ATO@TiO2 and CuI, with a content of 20 wt%. The intrinsic antistatic polymer content was 65 wt%, the fiber-forming polymer was polyamide, with a content of 12 wt%, and the remainder consisted of processing aids consisting of 0.5 wt% antioxidant and 2.5 wt% dispersant.
[0117] The specific steps are as follows:
[0118] a. Preparation of light-colored conductive compositions
[0119] Same as Example 1.
[0120] b. Preparation of light-colored antistatic fibers
[0121] Light-colored antistatic fibers with a double-layer structure containing a sheath and a core were prepared by melt spinning. The mass ratio of the sheath to the core was 10:90, and the spinning speed was 3000 m / min. This yielded a light-colored antistatic fiber with a double-layer structure of 110 dtex / 12f and a fiber length resistivity of 2.4 × 10⁻⁶. 13 Ω / cm, fineness 99 dtex.
[0122] As can be seen from the data results of Comparative Example 2 and Example 1, under the same conditions, the unit resistance of the fiber in Example 1 decreased by 5 orders of magnitude compared with that in Comparative Example 1. This is because if the water-soluble polyester sheath of the light-colored antistatic fiber is not removed, the conductive composition layer of the fiber core cannot be exposed, thus preventing a reduction in the unit resistance of the light-colored antistatic fiber.
[0123] Comparative Example 3
[0124] In this comparative example, the mass ratio of the light-colored antistatic fiber sheath to the core layer was 0:100. The fiber was prepared from nano-light-colored conductive powder, intrinsic antistatic polymer, fiber-forming polymer, and additives. The light-colored conductive powder was a mixture of ATO@TiO2 and CuI, with a content of 20 wt%. The intrinsic antistatic polymer had a content of 65 wt%, the fiber-forming polymer was polyamide, with a content of 12 wt%, and the remainder consisted of processing aids consisting of 0.5 wt% antioxidant and 2.5 wt% dispersant.
[0125] The specific steps are as follows:
[0126] a. Preparation of light-colored conductive compositions
[0127] Same as Example 1.
[0128] b. Preparation of light-colored antistatic fibers
[0129] Light-colored antistatic fibers were prepared using the same melt spinning process as in Example 1. Spinning could not be completed and the fibers could not be formed when the mass ratio of the sheath to the core was 0:100.
[0130] Example 2
[0131] In this embodiment, the mass ratio of the light-colored antistatic fiber sheath to the core layer is 10:90. The fiber sheath is a water-soluble polyester, and the core layer has a circular structure. The fiber core layer is composed of nano-light-colored conductive powder, a fiber-forming polymer, and processing aids. The light-colored conductive powder in the core layer is ATO@TiO2, with a content of 50 wt%, the fiber-forming polymer is polyamide, with a content of 47 wt%, and the remainder consists of 0.6 wt% antioxidant and 2.4 wt% dispersant as processing aids.
[0132] The specific steps of the above-mentioned light-colored antistatic fiber preparation process are as follows:
[0133] a. Preparation of light-colored conductive compositions
[0134] Weigh the dried light-colored nano-conductive powder, polyamide, dispersant, and antioxidant according to the above mass ratio, and mix them at high speed to obtain a uniformly mixed conductive mixture. Granulate the conductive mixture using a twin-screw extruder at a granulation temperature of 245℃ and a rotation speed of 250 rpm.
[0135] b. Preparation of light-colored antistatic fibers
[0136] Light-colored antistatic fibers with a double-layer structure containing a sheath and a core were prepared by melt spinning. The mass ratio of the sheath to the core was 10:90, and the spinning speed was 2000 m / min. This yielded light-colored antistatic fibers with a double-layer structure of 240 dtex / 12f. The water-soluble polyester sheath was dissolved in an aqueous solution at 60°C to prepare light-colored antistatic fibers containing only a circular core structure, with a fiber length resistivity of 8.6 × 10⁻⁶. 8 Ω / cm, fineness is 216 dtex.
[0137] Example 3
[0138] In this embodiment, the mass ratio of the light-colored antistatic fiber sheath to the core layer is 10:90. The fiber sheath is a water-soluble polyester, and the core layer is circular. The fiber core layer is composed of an intrinsic antistatic polymer, a fiber-forming polymer, and additives. The intrinsic antistatic polymer content in the core layer is 80 wt%, the fiber-forming polymer is polyamide with a content of 17 wt%, and the remainder consists of processing aids comprising 0.6 wt% antioxidant and 2.4 wt% dispersant.
[0139] The specific steps of the above-mentioned light-colored antistatic fiber preparation process are as follows:
[0140] a. Preparation of light-colored conductive compositions
[0141] Weigh the dried intrinsic antistatic polymer, polyamide, dispersant, and antioxidant according to the above mass ratio, and mix them at high speed to obtain a homogeneous conductive mixture. Granulate the conductive mixture using a twin-screw extruder at a granulation temperature of 240℃ and a speed of 300 rpm.
[0142] b. Preparation of light-colored antistatic fibers
[0143] Light-colored antistatic fibers with a double-layer structure containing a sheath and a core were prepared by melt spinning. The mass ratio of the sheath to the core was 10:90, and the spinning speed was 3000 m / min. This yielded light-colored antistatic fibers with a double-layer structure of 110 dtex / 12f. The polyester sheath was dissolved in an aqueous solution at 60°C to prepare light-colored antistatic fibers containing only a circular core structure, with a fiber length resistivity of 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 8 Ω / cm, fineness is 99 dtex.
[0144] Example 4
[0145] In this embodiment, the mass ratio of the light-colored antistatic fiber sheath to the core layer is 20:80. The fiber sheath is a water-soluble polyester, and the core layer has a semi-circular structure. The fiber core layer is composed of nano-light-colored conductive powder, an intrinsic antistatic polymer, a fiber-forming polymer, and processing aids. The light-colored conductive powder in the core layer is a mixture of ATO@TiO2 and KI, with a content of 15 wt%. The intrinsic antistatic polymer content is 60 wt%, the fiber-forming polymer is polyester, with a content of 22 wt%, and the remainder consists of 0.5 wt% antioxidant and 2.5 wt% dispersant as processing aids.
[0146] The specific steps of the above-mentioned light-colored fiber preparation process are as follows:
[0147] a. Preparation of light-colored conductive compositions
[0148] According to the above mass ratio, the dried light-colored nano-conductive powder, intrinsic antistatic polymer, polyester, dispersant, and antioxidant were weighed separately and mixed at high speed to obtain a homogeneous conductive mixture. The conductive mixture was then granulated using a twin-screw extruder at a granulation temperature of 260℃ and a rotation speed of 300 rpm.
[0149] b. Preparation of light-colored antistatic fibers
[0150] Light-colored antistatic fibers with a double-layer structure containing a sheath and a core were prepared by melt spinning. The mass ratio of the sheath to the core was 20:80, and the spinning speed was 3000 m / min. This yielded a light-colored antistatic fiber with a double-layer structure of 110 dtex / 12f. The water-soluble polyester sheath was dissolved in an aqueous solution at 60°C to prepare a light-colored antistatic fiber containing only a semi-circular core structure, with a fiber length resistivity of 3.8 × 10⁻⁶. 8 Ω / cm, fineness is 88detx.
[0151] Example 5
[0152] In this embodiment, the mass ratio of the light-colored antistatic fiber sheath to the core layer is 30:70. The fiber sheath is an alkali-soluble polyester, and the core layer has an arc-shaped structure. The fiber core layer is composed of nano-light-colored conductive powder, intrinsic antistatic polymer, fiber-forming polymer, and processing aids. The light-colored conductive powder in the core layer is ATO@SiO2, with a content of 25 wt%; the intrinsic antistatic polymer content is 50 wt%; the fiber-forming polymer is polyamide, with a content of 22 wt%; and the remainder consists of 0.6 wt% antioxidant and 2.4 wt% dispersant as processing aids.
[0153] The specific steps of the above-mentioned light-colored fiber preparation process are as follows:
[0154] a. Preparation of light-colored conductive compositions
[0155] According to the above mass ratio, the dried light-colored nano-conductive powder, intrinsic antistatic polymer, polyamide, dispersant, and antioxidant were weighed separately and mixed at high speed to obtain a homogeneous conductive mixture. The conductive mixture was then granulated using a twin-screw extruder at a granulation temperature of 240℃ and a rotation speed of 300 rpm.
[0156] b. Preparation of light-colored antistatic fibers
[0157] Light-colored antistatic fibers with a double-layer structure containing a sheath and a core were prepared by melt spinning. The mass ratio of the sheath to the core was 30:70, and the spinning speed was 3000 m / min. This yielded a light-colored antistatic fiber with a double-layer structure of 110 dtex / 12f. The polyester sheath was dissolved in an alkaline solution at 70°C to prepare a light-colored antistatic fiber containing only the arc-shaped structure of the core layer, with a fiber length resistivity of 5.3 × 10⁻⁶. 8 Ω / cm, fineness is 77 detx.
[0158] Example 6
[0159] In this embodiment, the mass ratio of the light-colored antistatic fiber sheath to the core layer is 40:60. The fiber sheath is an alkali-soluble polyester, and the core layer has a triangular structure. The fiber core layer is composed of nano-light-colored conductive powder, an intrinsic antistatic polymer, a fiber-forming polymer, and processing aids. The light-colored conductive powder in the core layer is ATO@TiO2, with a content of 35 wt%; the intrinsic antistatic polymer content is 40 wt%; the fiber-forming polymer is polyamide, with a content of 22 wt%; and the remainder consists of 0.5 wt% antioxidant and 2.5 wt% dispersant as processing aids.
[0160] The specific steps of the above-mentioned light-colored fiber preparation process are as follows:
[0161] a. Preparation of light-colored conductive compositions
[0162] According to the above mass ratio, the dried light-colored nano-conductive powder, intrinsic antistatic polymer, polyamide, dispersant, and antioxidant were weighed separately and mixed at high speed to obtain a homogeneous conductive mixture. The conductive mixture was then granulated using a twin-screw extruder at a granulation temperature of 240℃ and a rotation speed of 300 rpm.
[0163] b. Preparation of light-colored antistatic fibers
[0164] Light-colored antistatic fibers with a double-layer structure containing a sheath and a core were prepared by melt spinning. The mass ratio of the sheath to the core was 40:60, and the spinning speed was 3000 m / min. This yielded a light-colored antistatic fiber with a double-layer structure of 110 dtex / 12f. The polyester sheath was dissolved in an alkaline solution at 70°C to prepare a light-colored antistatic fiber containing only a triangular structure in the core layer, with a fiber length resistivity of 6.4 × 10⁻⁶. 8 Ω / cm, fineness is 66 detx.
[0165] Example 7
[0166] In this embodiment, the mass ratio of the light-colored antistatic fiber sheath to the core layer is 50:50. The fiber sheath is a water-soluble polyester, and the core layer has a cross-shaped structure. The fiber core layer is composed of nano-light-colored conductive powder, intrinsic antistatic polymer, fiber-forming polymer, and processing aids. The light-colored conductive powder in the core layer is ATO@mica, with a content of 40 wt%; the intrinsic antistatic polymer content is 35 wt%; the fiber-forming polymer is polyester, with a content of 22 wt%; and the remainder consists of 0.6 wt% antioxidant and 2.4 wt% dispersant as processing aids.
[0167] The specific steps of the above-mentioned light-colored fiber preparation process are as follows:
[0168] a. Preparation of light-colored conductive compositions
[0169] According to the above mass ratio, the dried light-colored nano-conductive powder, intrinsic antistatic polymer, polyester, dispersant, and antioxidant were weighed separately and mixed at high speed to obtain a homogeneous conductive mixture. The conductive mixture was then granulated using a twin-screw extruder at a granulation temperature of 260℃ and a rotation speed of 300 rpm.
[0170] b. Preparation of light-colored antistatic fibers
[0171] Light-colored antistatic fibers with a double-layer structure containing a sheath and a core were prepared by melt spinning. The mass ratio of the sheath to the core was 50:50, and the spinning speed was 3000 m / min. This yielded a light-colored antistatic fiber with a double-layer structure of 110 dtex / 12f. The polyester sheath was dissolved in an aqueous solution at 60°C to prepare a light-colored antistatic fiber containing only a cross-shaped core structure, with a fiber length resistivity of 8.6 × 10⁻⁶. 8 Ω / cm, fineness is 55 detx.
[0172] The fiber production yield of the above examples was compared with that of the comparative examples, and the results are shown in Table 1.
[0173] Table 1 Comparison of fiber production rates between the examples and the comparative examples.
[0174]
[0175]
[0176] As can be seen from Table 1, by using the method provided in this patent to prepare light-colored antistatic fibers and removing the soluble fiber-forming polymer from the fiber sheath through hydrothermal or alkaline water treatment, light-colored antistatic fibers containing only the fiber core structure can be prepared, which solves the problem of poor spinnability of light-colored antistatic compositions and the inability to spin into filaments.
[0177] Compared to antistatic fibers prepared using traditional dark-colored conductive components such as carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, this invention uses light-colored nano-conductive powders or intrinsic antistatic polymers as the conductive functional components of light-colored antistatic fibers. This results in light-colored antistatic fibers with the advantages of light color and dyeability. Secondly, by using the method provided in this patent to prepare light-colored antistatic fibers and removing the soluble fiber-forming polymer from the fiber sheath through hydrothermal or alkaline water treatment, light-colored antistatic fibers containing only the fiber core structure can be prepared, solving the problem of poor spinnability and inability to spin into filaments in light-colored antistatic compositions. Finally, by precisely controlling the content of light-colored conductive powders and intrinsic antistatic polymers in the conductive composition, as well as the internal structure of the fiber, the structure, fineness, and volume resistivity of the light-colored antistatic fibers can be adjusted, resulting in light-colored antistatic fibers with excellent antistatic properties.
[0178] In summary, the light-colored antistatic fiber prepared using the melt composite spinning technology of this patent has excellent antistatic properties, the preparation process is relatively simple, and the prepared light-colored antistatic fiber has broad application prospects in the fields of civil textiles, home textiles, microelectronics, medicine, and precision instruments.
[0179] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including both the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.
[0180] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.
Claims
1. An antistatic fiber, characterized in that, Including the fiber body, wherein, The fiber body is made of a conductive composition.
2. The antistatic fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conductive composition is selected from one or a mixture thereof, including CuI, KI, ATO@TiO2, ATO@mica, ATO@SiO2 nano-conductive powder or intrinsic antistatic polymer; Preferably, the conductive powder has a mass percentage content of 0%-50% in the conductive composition; Preferably, the intrinsic antistatic polymer in the conductive composition has a mass percentage of 0%-90%.
3. An antistatic fiber, characterized in that, It includes a core layer and a skin layer, wherein the skin layer covers the outside of the core layer, wherein, The core layer is made of a conductive composition, and the sheath is made of a fiber-forming polymer.
4. The antistatic fiber according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fiber-forming polymer used to form the skin layer is a soluble fiber-forming polymer, which is soluble in aqueous or alkaline solutions or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the radial cross-sectional shape of the core layer is selected from any one of the following: circular, semi-circular, cross-shaped, triangular, and arc-shaped. Preferably, the conductive composition is selected from one or a mixture thereof, including CuI, KI, ATO@TiO2, ATO@mica, ATO@SiO2 nanoconductive powder or intrinsic antistatic polymer; Preferably, the conductive powder has a mass percentage content of 0%-50% in the conductive composition; Preferably, the intrinsic antistatic polymer in the conductive composition has a mass percentage of 0%-90%.
5. The method for preparing the antistatic fiber according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Preparation of intermediate products for conductive compositions; The antistatic fiber is prepared by a composite spinning process, such that the antistatic fiber includes a core layer and a sheath layer, the sheath layer covering the outside of the core layer, wherein the core layer is made of the conductive composition and the sheath layer is made of the soluble fiber-forming polymer; The antistatic fiber is obtained by dissolving and removing the soluble fiber-forming polymer.
6. The method for preparing antistatic fibers according to claim 5, characterized in that, The preparation of the conductive composition specifically includes the following steps: The fiber-forming polymer, conductive component, dispersant, and antioxidant are mixed to obtain a homogeneous conductive composition. The conductive composition is granulated to obtain an intermediate product of the conductive composition. Preferably, the dispersant is selected from one or a mixture of several of ethylene bis-stearamide, ethylene bis-oleamide, ethylene bis-lauramide, hexamethylene bis-dodecyl stearamide, polyamide wax, ethylene bis-dodecyl stearamide, and hydroxyethyl ethylene bis-stearamide; Preferably, the antioxidant is selected from hindered phenolic antioxidants, including one or a mixture of several of 1010, 1076, 1098, 1035, and 168; Preferably, in the step of granulating the conductive composition to obtain the intermediate product of the conductive composition, the granulation temperature is 200℃-290℃ and the granulator speed is 50rpm-300rpm. Preferably, the antistatic fiber is prepared by a composite spinning process, such that the antistatic fiber includes a core layer and a sheath layer, with the sheath layer covering the outside of the core layer. In the step where the core layer is made of the conductive composition and the sheath layer is made of the soluble fiber-forming polymer, the composite spinning method is melt composite spinning. Preferably, during the melt composite spinning step, the mass ratio between the conductive composition intermediate and the soluble fiber-forming polymer is (10:90)-(50:50), and the spinning speed is 300m / min-4000m / min. Preferably, the fineness and / or volume resistivity of the antistatic fiber can be adjusted by regulating the types and mass ratios of the components in the sheath and core layers.
7. The method for adjusting the fineness and / or volume resistivity of the antistatic fiber according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: In the process of preparing antistatic fiber according to any one of claims 5-6, the types and mass ratios of components of the sheath and core are adjusted so that the obtained antistatic fiber has a set fineness and / or volume resistivity.
8. The method for preparing the antistatic fiber according to any one of claims 3-4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Preparation of intermediate products for conductive compositions; The antistatic fiber is prepared by a composite spinning process, such that the antistatic fiber includes a core layer and a sheath layer, with the sheath layer covering the outside of the core layer. The core layer is made of the conductive composition, and the sheath layer is made of the soluble fiber-forming polymer.
9. The method for preparing antistatic fibers according to claim 8, characterized in that, The preparation of the conductive composition specifically includes the following steps: The fiber-forming polymer, conductive component, dispersant, and antioxidant are mixed to obtain a homogeneous conductive composition. The conductive composition is granulated to obtain an intermediate product of the conductive composition.
10. The method for preparing antistatic fibers according to claim 9, characterized in that, The dispersant is selected from one or a mixture of several of ethylene bis-stearamide, ethylene bis-oleamide, ethylene bis-lauramide, hexamethylene bis-dodecyl stearamide, polyamide wax, ethylene bis-dodecyl stearamide, and hydroxyethyl ethylene bis-stearamide; Preferably, the antioxidant is selected from hindered phenolic antioxidants, including one or a mixture of several of 1010, 1076, 1098, 1035, and 168; Preferably, in the step of granulating the conductive composition to obtain the intermediate product of the conductive composition, the granulation temperature is 200℃-290℃ and the granulator speed is 50rpm-300rpm. Preferably, the antistatic fiber is prepared by a composite spinning process, such that the antistatic fiber includes a core layer and a sheath layer, with the sheath layer covering the outside of the core layer. In the step where the core layer is made of the conductive composition and the sheath layer is made of the fiber-forming polymer, the composite spinning method is melt composite spinning. Preferably, during the melt composite spinning step, the mass ratio between the conductive composition intermediate and the soluble fiber-forming polymer is (10:90)-(50:50), and the spinning speed is 300m / min-4000m / min.