Blind area-free fish blocking control method for adaptive pumped storage power station

Abstract

This invention discloses a blind-spot-free adaptive pumped storage power station fish-blocking control method, belonging to the field of ecological protection technology in water conservancy and hydropower engineering. Its technical solution includes the following steps: S1, system architecture construction; S2, spatial layout construction; S3, adaptive control system debugging; S4, fault protection system setting; S5, overall system debugging and acceptance. Full-coverage fish blocking is achieved through all the openings of the two inlet and outlet ports. The vertical electrode group and the top electrode line work together to form a magnetic field superposition zone on the top surface of the anti-vortex beam, enhancing the magnetic field strength at the bypass gaps and completely sealing the bypass gaps, leaving no blind spots. The operating parameters automatically switch between power generation and pumping modes, and the magnetic field strength is adjusted in real time when the load changes. Effective fish repellency is achieved under both operating conditions and different loads, with stable protection effects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological protection technology in water conservancy and hydropower engineering, specifically to a blind-zone-free adaptive pumped storage power station fish-blocking control method. Background Technology

[0002] During the operation of a pumped-storage power station, the inlet and outlet of the lower reservoir need to frequently switch between two operating modes: releasing water for power generation (releasing water from the upper reservoir) and pumping for energy storage (pumping water from the lower reservoir), resulting in bidirectional water flow. During power generation, the upper reservoir releases water, causing a sharp increase in flow velocity at the inlet and outlet, creating a high-speed flow zone. During pumping, the lower reservoir pumps water, creating a strong suction zone at the inlet and outlet. Both operating modes pose a risk of fish being swept into the water diversion tunnel by the current, easily causing injury or even death to fish and damaging the aquatic ecosystem.

[0003] To prevent the formation of air-inhaling vortices at the water inlet, pumped storage power stations generally have anti-vortex beam structures installed at the top of the inlet and outlet. Although this structure can meet the hydraulic design requirements, it creates a gap on the top surface for fish to bypass. Existing fish-blocking technologies have not designed protective measures for this special structure, causing this gap to become a channel for fish to bypass and enter the water diversion tunnel, creating a blind spot in protection.

[0004] Currently, common fish-blocking measures at the inlet and outlet of pumped-storage power stations mainly include physical fish barriers, bubble curtains, and acoustic and optical fish-repelling devices. Among these, physical fish barriers are prone to clogging and suffer from significant head loss; bubble curtains and acoustic and optical fish-repelling devices have limited protective effects against small fish and are difficult to adapt to dynamic changes in different hydraulic conditions. Electronic fish-blocking technology has gradually become a research hotspot in the industry due to its advantages such as non-contact, adjustable, and non-lethal harm to fish. However, existing electronic fish-blocking systems have significant drawbacks: incomplete electrode coverage, easily creating channels for fish to bypass; lack of coordinated adjustment mechanisms with unit operating status, dual-host redundancy design, and strict fault protection strategies, making it difficult to achieve the goal of zero tolerance for ecological risks and failing to meet the operational needs of pumped-storage power stations.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a blind-zone-free adaptive fish-blocking system and control method that covers the entire cross-section of the inlet and outlet, has high reliability, adaptive adjustment capabilities, and strict fault protection functions, in order to solve the pain points of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a blind-zone-free adaptive fish-blocking control method for pumped storage power stations, which solves the problems of existing technologies.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a blind-spot-free adaptive pumped storage power station fish-blocking control method, comprising the following steps: S1, system architecture construction; setting up two independent inlets and outlets and corresponding water diversion tunnels to ensure flow matching between the two tunnels; configuring two generator sets in each tunnel to form a "two tunnels, four generators" mode to ensure stable connection and meet flow requirements; configuring two independent electric fish-blocking main units to control the corresponding inlet and outlet electrodes respectively, ensuring independent operation and redundant backup; S2, spatial layout construction; arranging vertical electrode sets at the inlet and outlet flow channels according to the design, laying top electrode lines on the top layer of the anti-vortex beam, and debugging the connection between the two to form a closed magnetic field barrier covering the entire cross-section, blocking the fish's detour channels; S3, adaptive control system debugging; embedding dual... The system includes: S4, Fault Protection System Setup; S5, System Integration and Acceptance; S6, System Overall Debugging and Testing; S7, System Overall Debugging and Testing; S8, System Overall Debugging and Testing; S9, System Overall Debugging and Testing; S1, System Overall Debugging and Acceptance; S2, System Overall Debugging and Testing; S3, System Overall Debugging and Testing; S4, System Overall Debugging and Testing; S5, System Overall Debugging and Testing; S6, System Overall Debugging and Testing; S7, System Overall Debugging and Testing; S8, System Overall Debugging and Testing; S9, System Overall Debugging and Testing; S1, System Overall Debugging and Testing ...

[0008] The above-mentioned blind-zone-free adaptive pumped storage power station fish-blocking control method involves vertical electrode groups arranged along the water depth direction, with four electrode lines per hole, adjacent spacing of 1.5m, and bottom elevation not higher than the dead water level of the lower reservoir.

[0009] In the above-mentioned blind-spot-free adaptive pumped storage power station fish-blocking control method, the top electrode wire runs through all the holes of the inlet and outlet along the length direction of the anti-vortex beam and is fixed to the top surface of the anti-vortex beam by surface laying.

[0010] The above-mentioned blind-zone-free adaptive fish-blocking control method for pumped storage power stations includes an adaptive control system in which operating parameters are switched according to the water flow direction.

[0011] Power generation conditions: low-frequency high-voltage pulse, frequency 50Hz~80Hz, voltage 150V~250V;

[0012] Pumping operation: high frequency low voltage pulse, frequency 100Hz~150Hz, voltage 100V~180V.

[0013] The above-mentioned blind-zone-free adaptive pumped storage power station fish-blocking control method includes the following three-level linkage control: pre-start linkage: before the unit starts the water flow, the main unit first establishes a closed magnetic field barrier, and the unit can start only after the ready signal is fed back; operating condition switching linkage: when the water flow direction changes, the main unit synchronously switches the operating parameters within 0.5s; shutdown delay linkage: after the unit stops, the main unit maintains the magnetic field output until the water flow speed drops below the safe threshold, and then shuts down after a delay of 10s to 30s.

[0014] The above-mentioned blind-zone-free adaptive pumped storage power station fish-blocking control method includes fault classification protection as follows: local fault: when any electrode in the hole fails, the generator set corresponding to the inlet and outlet of the hole is locked, and the generator set corresponding to the other inlet and outlet is automatically switched to operation; serious fault: when two electrodes in the hole fail at the same time or two main generators fail at the same time, all four generator sets are locked.

[0015] The above-mentioned blind-zone-free adaptive pumped storage power station fish-blocking control method controls the pulse intensity to be above the effective fish-repelling threshold and below the fish damage threshold, so that the fish only produce an instantaneous avoidance reaction and there is no physical damage to the fish.

[0016] The above-mentioned blind-zone-free adaptive pumped storage power station fish-blocking control method organically combines each step, including pre-start-up construction, adaptive switching of operating conditions, load following, shutdown delay, and fault-level response.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] In this invention, fish blocking is achieved through all the openings of the two inlet and outlet ports, with the vertical electrode group and the top electrode line working together to form a magnetic field superposition zone on the top surface of the anti-vortex beam. This enhances the magnetic field strength at the bypass gaps, completely sealing them off and eliminating any blind spots. The system automatically switches operating parameters between power generation and pumping modes, adjusting the magnetic field strength in real time when the load changes. It effectively repels fish under both modes and different loads, ensuring stable protection. Through a dual-host redundancy design, a failure in either host or electrode area does not affect the protection on the other side. The pre-start design eliminates protection gaps, achieving uninterrupted protection throughout the entire operating cycle. Furthermore, the system effectively implements a fault-level protection strategy, achieving zero tolerance for ecological risks. Fish activity monitoring shows that no fish were found entering the water intake pipe during system operation, fish behavior showed no abnormal stress responses, and there were no cases of fish injury or death, demonstrating excellent ecological protection. Finally, the electrodes are arranged based on existing hydraulic structures, without increasing head loss, simplifying construction and maintenance, and adapting to the operational needs of pumped storage power stations. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the installation of the fish-blocking electric grid in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 A diagram showing the relationship between the inlet / outlet, the water diversion tunnel, and the generator set in this embodiment of the invention (section 1-1).

[0021] Figure 3 Layout diagram of anti-vortex beam electrode lines in an embodiment of the present invention (section 2-2);

[0022] Figure 4 The layout diagram of the flow channel inlet electrode line (vertical motor unit) in this embodiment of the invention (section 3-3). Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0024] Please see Figures 1-4 This invention provides a technical solution: a blind-spot-free adaptive pumped storage power station fish-blocking control method, comprising the following steps: S1, system architecture construction; setting up two independent inlets and outlets and corresponding water diversion tunnels to ensure flow matching between the two tunnels; configuring two generator sets in each tunnel to form a "two tunnels, four generators" mode to ensure stable connection and meet flow requirements; configuring two independent electric fish-blocking main units to control the corresponding inlet and outlet electrodes respectively, ensuring independent operation and redundancy backup; S2, spatial layout construction; installing anti-vortex beams at each inlet and outlet and ensuring accurate installation; arranging vertical electrode groups at the flow channel inlet according to the design, laying top electrode lines on the top layer of the anti-vortex beams, and debugging the connection between the two to form a closed magnetic field barrier covering the entire cross-section, blocking the fish's bypass channel; S3, adaptive control system debugging; configuring the two electric fish-blocking main units... The system incorporates a built-in bidirectional water flow recognition module, which is debugged to ensure accurate identification of water flow parameters. It establishes bidirectional communication with the power plant monitoring system, pre-sets adaptive control logic, and debugs three-level linkage control (pre-start, operating condition follow-up, and shutdown delay) to ensure smooth response. S4, Fault Protection System Settings: The power plant monitoring system is configured with fault-level protection, clearly defining local and overall fault categories. A response mechanism is set up, including local fault blocking switching and backup activation, and overall fault full blocking and alarm. System sensitivity is debugged, and fault simulation is used to verify effectiveness, ensuring zero tolerance for ecological risks. S5, Overall System Debugging and Acceptance: All modules are integrated for overall linkage debugging, testing the performance and reliability of each system. The system is continuously run under simulated actual operating conditions, observing various effects and recording operational data. Parameters are optimized based on the data to ensure the system meets standards before acceptance and commissioning.

[0025] Specifically, the layout of the inlet / outlet and generating units: The power station has two inlets / outlets, each corresponding to one of two water diversion tunnels. Each tunnel connects to two generating units, forming a two-tunnel, four-unit layout. The water diversion tunnel corresponding to the first inlet / outlet is connected to the hydraulic channels of generating units #1 and #2, while the water diversion tunnel corresponding to the second inlet / outlet is connected to the hydraulic channels of generating units #3 and #4. Electrode assembly: This includes vertical electrode groups and top electrode lines, which work together to form a closed magnetic field barrier, achieving full-section blind-spot-free protection at the inlet / outlet. Vertical electrode groups: These are arranged at the inlet section of each inlet / outlet, along the water depth direction. Each hole has four electrode lines, with a spacing of 1.5m between adjacent electrode lines. The bottom elevation is no higher than the dead water level of the lower reservoir, ensuring coverage of the main water layer where fish are active, forming a frontal fish barrier. Top Electrode Wires: Laid on the top surface of the anti-vortex beam at each inlet and outlet, four wires are laid along the length of the anti-vortex beam at each location, penetrating all the holes in the inlet and outlet. They are surface-mounted and fixed, specifically designed to seal the bypass gap between the top surface of the anti-vortex beam and the top of the flow channel, eliminating blind spots. The vertical electrode group and the top electrode wires are spatially interconnected, forming a magnetic field strength superposition zone on the top surface of the anti-vortex beam. This superposition zone enhances the magnetic field strength at the bypass gaps, improving the fish-blocking effect in the anti-vortex beam area and ensuring the integrity of the blind-spot-free protection. Electric Fish-Blocking Main Unit: Two independently operating electric fish-blocking main units (first unit and second unit) are set up. Each unit controls one vertical electrode group and top electrode wire at each inlet and outlet, outputting a non-lethal, blind-spot-free, and non-damaging magnetic field to repel fish. The main unit has a built-in bidirectional water flow recognition module, which can adaptively adjust operating parameters according to unit operating conditions and load changes. The two main units operate independently, forming redundancy and ensuring uninterrupted fish-blocking protection. Monitoring system: Establishes a two-way information exchange channel with the two sets of electric fish barrier hosts, responsible for issuing unit operating condition commands, receiving host operating status and barrier readiness signals, monitoring electrode and host fault status in real time, executing graded fault protection strategies, and achieving deep coupling with power plant unit operation.

[0026] Magnetic field design and fish-blocking mechanism

[0027] This invention employs a non-lethal, blind-spot-free, and non-damaging magnetic field as a fish-repelling method. The magnetic field strength is strictly controlled above the effective fish-repelling threshold and below the fish damage threshold. Upon sensing the magnetic field, fish will experience an avoidance discomfort and actively change direction away from the flow channel, preventing them from entering the water diversion tunnel. The entire fish-repelling process involves no physical contact, no electric shock, and no fish deaths or disabilities; only an avoidance reaction occurs, causing no physical damage to the fish. This achieves fish-friendly protection and meets the highest standards of ecological protection.

[0028] blind-zone-free adaptive control method

[0029] The monitoring system, based on the generator set's operating status, water flow direction, and load changes, coordinates with the two main generator sets to perform adaptive control, achieving seamless, uninterrupted, and fully adaptable fish-blocking protection under all operating conditions.

[0030] Pre-start windowless control: When the monitoring system issues the unit's power generation or pumping start command, the two main units synchronously receive the pre-start signal. Before the unit actually generates power or pumps water, the system completes self-check, magnetic field establishment, and magnetic field stability confirmation. Only after the main unit sends the barrier ready signal back to the monitoring system can the monitoring system start the unit, realizing "building the barrier first, then starting the water flow", completely eliminating the protection window during the start-up phase.

[0031] Adaptive switching and load regulation of operating conditions: Operating parameters are automatically switched according to the water flow direction (i.e., unit operating condition). In power generation mode (upper reservoir water release), low-frequency high-pressure pulses are used (50Hz~80Hz, 150V~250V) to create a strong barrier effect, resisting the risk of fish entrainment caused by high-velocity entrainment. In pumping mode (lower reservoir pumping), high-frequency low-pressure pulses are used (100Hz~150Hz, 100V~180V) to create a gradual expulsion, resisting the risk of fish entrainment caused by high-velocity, negative-pressure suction, balancing protection effectiveness and eco-friendliness. Parameter settings are precisely matched based on the differences in water flow characteristics and fish behavior between the two operating conditions: In power generation mode, the water flow velocity is fast, and fish are easily passively entrained under the entrainment effect; low-frequency high-pressure pulses can form a strong avoidance barrier, quickly preventing fish from approaching the flow channel. In pumping mode, the water flow velocity is relatively gentle, and the negative pressure suction is strong; high-frequency low-pressure pulses can achieve gentle expulsion, avoiding excessive stress on fish and reducing system energy consumption. When the water flow direction changes, the main unit synchronously switches its operating parameters within 0.5 seconds. During unit operation, the two main units synchronously detect the water flow velocity according to changes in unit load. The magnetic field strength is increased as the flow velocity increases and decreased as the flow velocity decreases (i.e., load-following adjustment) to ensure effective fish driving under different load conditions while also saving energy.

[0032] Shutdown delay protection: When the monitoring system issues a shutdown command, the two main units synchronously maintain magnetic field output. After the water flow speed drops below the safety threshold and maintains the preset delay time (generally 10s~30s, or can be determined by multiplying the water flow disturbance time by a safety factor of 1.5~2.0), the magnetic field output is automatically turned off to prevent the fish following the flow from being sucked into the tunnel, thus achieving a closed-loop protection during the shutdown phase.

[0033] Fault classification protection strategy (zero tolerance for ecological risks)

[0034] The monitoring system monitors the electrical parameters of each electrode line and the operating status of the electric fish barrier in real time. With ecological safety as the highest principle, it implements graded fault protection, balancing ecological safety with the stability of the power plant output.

[0035] Local fault response: When a local fault occurs in any of the vertical electrode groups or the top electrode line in a certain inlet or outlet, the monitoring system immediately shuts down the generator set corresponding to that inlet or outlet and automatically switches to the generator set corresponding to another fault-free inlet or outlet, thus ensuring ecological safety and maintaining the normal output of the power station.

[0036] Severe fault response: When a severe fault occurs at both inlet and outlet, such as electrode wire failure or failure of both main units, the monitoring system will immediately lock all four generator sets and suspend the start-up and shutdown operations of the units. The units can only be restarted after the fault is cleared and the integrity of the closed magnetic field barrier is confirmed by manual reset, thus eliminating ecological risks from the source.

[0037] Specifically, the vertical electrode group is arranged along the water depth direction, with four electrode lines per hole, adjacent spacing of 1.5m, and the bottom elevation not higher than the dead water level of the lower reservoir. The top electrode line runs through all the holes of the inlet and outlet along the length of the anti-vortex beam and is fixed tightly to the top surface of the anti-vortex beam using a surface-laying method.

[0038] It should be noted that in the adaptive control, the operating parameters are switched according to the water flow direction: Power generation mode: low-frequency high-voltage pulse, frequency 50Hz~80Hz, voltage 150V~250V; Pumping mode: high-frequency low-voltage pulse, frequency 100Hz~150Hz, voltage 100V~180V. The three-level linkage control is as follows: Pre-start linkage: Before the unit starts the water flow, the main unit first establishes a closed magnetic field barrier, and the unit can only start after a ready signal is fed back; Operating mode switching linkage: When the water flow direction changes, the main unit synchronously switches the operating parameters within 0.5s; Shutdown delay linkage: After the unit stops, the main unit maintains the magnetic field output until the water flow velocity drops below the safety threshold, and then shuts down after a delay of 10s~30s. The fault classification protection is as follows: Local fault: When any electrode in the hole fails, the generator set corresponding to the inlet / outlet of the hole is locked and automatically switched to the generator set corresponding to the other inlet / outlet; Severe fault: When two electrodes in the hole fail at the same time or two main generators fail at the same time, all four generator sets are locked.

[0039] In this invention, the intensity of the pulse is controlled above the effective fish-repelling threshold and below the fish damage threshold, causing only a momentary avoidance reaction in the fish without any physical damage. Taking the inlet and outlet of the lower reservoir of a pumped-storage power station using a two-tunnel, four-machine layout as an example, the blind-spot-free adaptive fish-blocking system and control method of this invention are implemented as follows:

[0040] I. Project Overview

[0041] The power station has two inlets and outlets, each corresponding to one of two water diversion tunnels. Each tunnel connects to two generator units, forming a two-tunnel, four-unit layout. The lower reservoir has a check flood level of 429.6m, a design flood level of 427.85m, a normal storage level of 425.0m, a dead water level of 414.0m, and an anti-vortex beam elevation of 409.0m. Each unit has a rated power of 400MW and requires frequent switching between power generation (upper reservoir water release) and pumping (lower reservoir water pumping) during operation.

[0042] II. System Configuration

[0043] 1. Electric fish barrier main unit: Two independently operating electric fish barrier main units are set up, namely the first main unit and the second main unit. Both main units have built-in bidirectional water flow recognition modules to establish a bidirectional information exchange channel with the power station monitoring system.

[0044] 2. Electrode arrangement:

[0045] Vertical electrode assembly: Vertical electrode assemblies are arranged at the inlet sections of the two inlets and outlets, with four electrode lines per hole, symmetrically arranged along both sides of the inlet and outlet, with an adjacent spacing of 1.5m. The bottom elevation of the electrode lines is 398.0m, which is not higher than the dead water level of the lower reservoir of 414.0m, to ensure coverage of the main water layer where fish are active.

[0046] Top electrode wires: Four electrode wires are laid on the top surface of each inlet and outlet anti-vortex beam, arranged along the length of the anti-vortex beam, and penetrate all the holes of the inlet and outlet. The surface-laid electrodes are fixed tightly to the beam surface to accurately seal the bypass gap between the top surface of the anti-vortex beam and the top of the flow channel.

[0047] 3. Control Association: The first host controls the vertical electrode group and top electrode line of the first inlet and outlet, which are associated with generator sets #1 and #2 respectively; the second host controls the vertical electrode group and top electrode line of the second inlet and outlet, which are associated with generator sets #3 and #4 respectively.

[0048] III. Implementation of Control Logic

[0049] 1. Pre-start control: When the monitoring system issues the start-up command for Unit #1, it sends a pre-start signal to the first host. The first host completes self-check within 0.5 seconds and establishes a magnetic field barrier according to the power generation parameters (frequency 80Hz, pulse width 0.5ms, voltage 200V). After 8 seconds, it sends back a barrier ready signal. The monitoring system then opens the corresponding inlet gate, realizing "building the barrier first, then opening the water flow," eliminating the protection gap during the start-up phase. When Units #3 and #4 are started, the second host independently executes the same pre-start process.

[0050] 2. Operating Mode Switching and Load Regulation Control: When the unit switches from power generation mode (upper reservoir water release) to pumping mode (lower reservoir pumping), the monitoring system sends an operating mode switching signal to both main units. After synchronous recognition, the two main units switch the operating parameters to the preset parameters for pumping mode (frequency 120Hz, pulse width 0.3ms, voltage 150V) within 0.5s, ensuring uninterrupted protection during the operating mode transition. When the unit load changes, the two main units synchronously detect changes in water flow velocity and synchronously adjust the pulse voltage. When a single unit is running at full load, the pulse voltage is correspondingly increased to a higher level within the operating mode parameter range (e.g., 250V for power generation mode, 180V for pumping mode). When all four units are running at full load simultaneously, the voltage is adjusted to the corresponding upper limit value to ensure effective fish control under high flow rates while also saving energy.

[0051] 3. Shutdown delay control: When the monitoring system issues a shutdown command, the two main units synchronously maintain magnetic field output and monitor the water flow speed in real time; after the water flow speed drops below the safety threshold (0.3m / s) and is maintained for a preset delay time (20s), the magnetic field output is automatically turned off to prevent the fish following behind from being sucked into the tunnel.

[0052] IV. Fault Response Implementation

[0053] 1. Local Fault Response: When a local fault such as a broken single vertical electrode line or top electrode line at any inlet or outlet is detected, the monitoring system immediately locks the two units corresponding to the inlet or outlet of the faulty electrode line (if the electrode of the first inlet or outlet is faulty, then Units #1 and #2 are locked), prohibits the flow through the corresponding water diversion tunnel, and automatically switches to the unit corresponding to another fault-free inlet or outlet (Units #3 and #4) to continue operation, maintaining the basic output of the power station while ensuring ecological safety.

[0054] 2. Critical Fault Response: When any of the following critical fault conditions occur, the monitoring system will immediately execute the highest level of protection:

[0055] Scenario 1: Electrode wire failure occurs simultaneously at both inlet and outlet ports;

[0056] Scenario 2: Both sets of electric fish barrier main units fail simultaneously.

[0057] At this point, the monitoring system will lock all four generating units, suspend all unit start-up and shutdown operations, and issue audible and visual alarms. The generating units can only be restarted after the fault has been completely eliminated, manually reset on-site, and the integrity of the closed magnetic field barrier has been confirmed.

[0058] V. Implementation Results

[0059] After the system is put into operation, the following effects will be achieved through the above-mentioned coordinated control:

[0060] 1. No blind spot protection: All holes of the two inlets and outlets are fully covered to block fish. The vertical electrode group and the top electrode line work together to form a magnetic field superposition area on the top surface of the anti-vortex beam, which enhances the magnetic field strength at the bypass gap and completely seals the bypass gap, leaving no blind spot protection.

[0061] 2. Adaptive control: The operating parameters are automatically switched between power generation and pumping modes, and the magnetic field strength is adjusted in real time when the load changes. It can effectively drive away fish under both operating modes and different loads, and the protection effect is stable.

[0062] 3. Uninterrupted protection: Dual-host redundancy design ensures that a failure in either host or electrode area does not affect the protection on the other side. The pre-start design eliminates protection gaps, achieving uninterrupted protection throughout the entire operating cycle.

[0063] 4. Ecological safety is controllable: The fault classification protection strategy is effectively implemented, achieving zero tolerance for ecological risks; fish activity monitoring shows that no fish were found entering the water diversion pipe during the system operation, the fish behavior showed no abnormal stress response, and there were no cases of fish injury or death, indicating good ecological protection effect;

[0064] 5. Good adaptability: The electrodes are arranged based on the existing hydraulic structure, which does not increase the head loss. The construction and operation are simple and can be adapted to the operation requirements of pumped storage power stations.

[0065] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A blind-zone-free adaptive fish-blocking control method for pumped-storage power stations, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, System Architecture Setup Two independent inlets and outlets and corresponding water diversion tunnels are set up to ensure that the flow rates of the two tunnels are matched; each tunnel is equipped with two generator sets to form a "two tunnels and four generators" mode to ensure a stable connection and meet the flow requirements; two independent electric fish barrier hosts are also configured to control the corresponding inlet and outlet electrodes respectively to ensure independent operation and redundant backup. S2, Spatial Layout Construction Vertical electrode groups are arranged at the inlet of the flow channel according to the design, and top electrode lines are laid on the top layer of the anti-vortex beam. The connection between the two is adjusted to form a closed magnetic field barrier covering the entire cross section, blocking the fish's bypass channel. S3, Adaptive Control System Debugging Two bidirectional water flow recognition modules were installed and debugged in the two electric fish barrier main units to ensure accurate recognition of water flow parameters; Establish two-way communication with the power plant monitoring system, preset adaptive control logic, and debug the three-level linkage control of pre-start, operating condition follow-up, and shutdown delay to ensure smooth response; S4. Fault Protection System Settings Configure fault classification protection in the power plant monitoring system to clearly define the categories of local and overall faults; Set up a response mechanism: lockout switching and backup activation for partial faults, and full lockout and alarm for overall faults; Debug the system sensitivity, simulate faults to verify effectiveness, and ensure zero tolerance for ecological risks; S5. System Overall Debugging and Acceptance Integrate all modules for overall coordinated debugging and test the performance and reliability of each system; simulate actual working conditions for continuous operation, observe various effects and record operating data; optimize parameters based on data, and complete acceptance and put the system into operation after ensuring that the system meets the standards.

2. The fish-blocking control method for a blind-zone-free adaptive pumped storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical electrode group is arranged along the water depth direction, with four electrode lines in each hole, adjacent spacing of 1.5m, and the bottom elevation is not higher than the dead water level of the lower reservoir.

3. The fish-blocking control method for a blind-zone-free adaptive pumped storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top electrode wire runs through all the holes of the inlet and outlet along the length of the anti-vortex beam and is fixed to the top surface of the anti-vortex beam by surface laying.

4. The fish-blocking control method for a blind-zone-free adaptive pumped storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the adaptive control, the operating parameters are switched according to the water flow direction: Power generation conditions: low-frequency high-voltage pulse, frequency 50Hz~80Hz, voltage 150V~250V; Pumping operation: high frequency low voltage pulse, frequency 100Hz~150Hz, voltage 100V~180V.

5. The fish-blocking control method for a blind-zone-free adaptive pumped storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-level linkage control is specifically as follows: Pre-start linkage: Before the unit starts the water flow, the main unit first establishes a closed magnetic field barrier, and the unit can only start after a ready signal is fed back; Operating condition switching linkage: When the water flow direction changes, the main unit synchronously switches the operating parameters within 0.5 seconds; Shutdown delay linkage: After the unit stops, the main unit maintains magnetic field output until the water flow velocity drops below the safe threshold, and then shuts down after a delay of 10s to 30s.

6. The fish-blocking control method for a blind-zone-free adaptive pumped storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fault classification protection specifically refers to: Local fault: When an electrode in any hole fails, the generator set corresponding to the inlet / outlet of that hole is locked and automatically switched to the generator set corresponding to another inlet / outlet. Serious Fault: When both electrodes fail simultaneously or both main units fail simultaneously, all four generator sets will be locked out.

7. The fish-blocking control method for a blind-zone-free adaptive pumped storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intensity of the pulse is controlled above the effective fish-repelling threshold and below the fish damage threshold, so that the fish only produce an instantaneous avoidance reaction and there is no physical damage to the fish.

8. The fish-blocking control method for a blind-zone-free adaptive pumped storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The organic combination of each step includes pre-startup site construction, adaptive switching of operating conditions, load following, downtime delay, and fault classification response.

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