A large-diameter engineering well drilling drilling tool anti-inclination device and method

Abstract

This invention discloses an anti-deviation device and method for large-diameter engineering well drilling tools, relating to the field of drilling engineering technology. It includes a sleeve with several counterweights fitted onto it. A first drill pipe is rotatably connected inside the sleeve. Positioning rings are threaded to both ends of the sleeve. An annular cavity is formed inside each counterweight, filled with counterweight material. It also includes a side groove located on the side of the counterweight, with a protrusion slidably fitted within it. An elastic plate is provided between the inner wall of the side groove and the protrusion. A main wedge block is provided on the side of the protrusion located within the side groove. Finally, it includes an annular seat located on the top side of the inner wall of the annular cavity. This invention offers high stability in passive anti-deviation and high accuracy in active deviation correction, while ensuring the effectiveness of annular clearance and the reliability of downhole operations, meeting the high standards of verticality required for large-diameter engineering wells.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of drilling engineering technology, specifically to a device and method for preventing deviation in drilling tools for large-diameter engineering wells. Background Technology

[0002] The bottom of a large-diameter engineering well is generally located within a certain range around the well shaft, close to the existing underground yard or rock tunnel, so that the amount of tunneling work during the underground docking after the well is completed is not too large. Due to the strict restrictions on the location of the bottom of the well, the well body must be kept highly vertical. The radius of the final hole target area is generally required to be controlled at about 2m. The dogleg requirement of the well body is also much higher than that of conventional drilling. If the subsequent large-diameter casing is blocked and stuck due to well inclination, the consequences will be very serious.

[0003] Chinese patent application number 202110236198.3 discloses an automatic anti-deviation drilling device, including a drill bit, a monitoring device, a buffer fixing device, a sealing plate, an annular drill string, a straightening device, a transmission chamber, a gear transmission rod sleeve, an anti-deviation wing device, a rotating shaft, a well depth measuring instrument, a buffer spring, a spring sleeve, a first bearing, a channel, a spring fixing block, a second bearing, a straightening spring, a first transmission gear, a transmission rod, a gear column, a hydraulic column, a hydraulic chamber, an oil tank, a hydraulic oil pump, a hydraulic oil pump gear, a generator gear, a generator, a cable channel, an oil delivery pipe, a second transmission gear, an oil inlet valve groove, an oil return valve groove, a third bearing, an inclined smooth channel, a control ball, a switch, a spring, an oil inlet valve, and an oil return valve. The drill bit is driven to rotate by the rotating shaft and is connected to the monitoring device. However, its anti-deviation capability is limited, and its effect is not ideal in large-diameter drilling, making it difficult to meet the requirements of engineering well construction with high verticality requirements.

[0004] Conventional stabilizers mostly adopt fixed or elastic structures. Although they can maintain the drill string centering to a certain extent, they cannot actively respond to and correct the tilting trend when cuttings accumulate on the well wall, mud packs form, or the drill string tilts. In addition, existing anti-deviation devices have shortcomings in the design of the counterweight structure. They mostly use integral counterweight blocks, and the counterweight material is prone to scattering under high-frequency vibration, resulting in uneven weight distribution, which in turn aggravates the radial vibration of the drill string. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the existing defects and provide a large-diameter engineering well drilling tool anti-deviation device and method, which has high stability of passive anti-deviation and accuracy of active deviation correction, while ensuring the effectiveness of annular clearance and the reliability of downhole operations, meeting the high standard construction requirements of large-diameter engineering wells for wellbore verticality, and can effectively solve the problems in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a large-diameter engineering well drilling tool anti-deviation device, comprising a sleeve, a plurality of counterweights sleeved on the sleeve, a first drill rod rotatably connected inside the sleeve, positioning rings threaded to both ends of the sleeve, and an annular cavity opened inside the counterweight, the annular cavity being filled with counterweight material. It also includes a side groove, which is formed on the side of the counterweight, and a protrusion is slidably fitted inside the side groove; An elastic sheet is provided between the inner wall of the side groove and the protrusion; The protrusion is located on one side of the side groove and has a main wedge-shaped block. It also includes a ring seat, which is located on the top side of the inner wall of the annular cavity, and a movable plug is slidably fitted in the middle of the ring seat; It also includes a transmission groove, which is opened on the side wall of the annular cavity and communicates with the side groove. A transmission rod is movably connected in the transmission groove. A transmission seat is provided at the horizontal end of the transmission rod. A return spring is provided between the horizontal end of the transmission rod and the top side of the transmission groove. A secondary wedge block is provided on the vertical side of the transmission rod, which corresponds to and cooperates with the main wedge block.

[0007] Preferably, the counterweight has a limiting block at the top and a limiting groove at the bottom, and the limiting block and limiting groove of two adjacent counterweights are inserted into each other. The limiting blocks and limiting grooves are arranged in a circular array around the central axis of the counterweight, and a sleeve hole is opened in the middle of the counterweight.

[0008] Preferably, the sleeve is rotatably connected to a first drill rod, and the two ends of the sleeve are threadedly connected to positioning rings.

[0009] Preferably, the outer ends of the protrusion are provided with inclined surfaces on both sides, and the upper and lower sides of the outer ends of the protrusion are provided with arc-shaped angles.

[0010] Preferably, the bottom end of the movable plug is provided with a pressure plate, and a connecting spring is provided between the top of the movable plug and the top side of the annular cavity.

[0011] Preferably, it also includes a buffer groove, which is opened on the top side of the annular cavity and extends into the interior of the limiting block, and the interior of the buffer groove is provided with a telescopic bladder.

[0012] Preferably, the opening of the telescopic bladder faces the annular cavity, and the top of the telescopic bladder is provided with a transmission block via a top plate.

[0013] Preferably, the transmission groove is located above the ring seat, and the transmission seat is located above the movable plug; The transmission rod has an L-shaped structure, with its horizontal end slidably connected to the transmission groove and its vertical side slidably connected to the inner wall of the side groove.

[0014] This invention also discloses a method for preventing deviation in drilling tools for large-diameter engineering wells, the steps of which are as follows: S1. Fit multiple counterweights onto the sleeve through the sleeve hole, and make the limiting block between adjacent counterweights engage with the limiting groove. Then tighten the positioning rings at both ends of the sleeve, rotate the first drill rod into the inside of the sleeve, and connect the two ends of the first drill rod to the second drill rod and the down-the-hole hammer respectively. S2. During drilling operations, the counterweight material filled in the annular cavity inside the counterweight block provides gravity to suppress radial deviation and longitudinal vibration of the drill string. The protrusions in the side groove always fit against the well wall under the action of the elastic sheet, achieving radial buffering and straightening. S3. When rock cuttings accumulate, mud packs form, and the drill string tilts between the counterweight and the well wall, the protrusion is squeezed and slides into the side groove, causing the main wedge block to move inward. Through the inclined surface cooperation between the main wedge block and the secondary wedge block, the transmission rod is driven to overcome the tension of the return spring and slide downward along the transmission groove, causing the transmission seat to move downward to the reciprocating stroke range of the movable plug. S4. The axial vibration of the drill bit drives the movable plug to reciprocate up and down in the ring seat. When the movable plug moves upward, it impacts the transmission seat and drives the transmission rod to quickly return to its original position. The axial impact force is converted into radial thrust through the inclined surface cooperation between the secondary wedge block and the main wedge block, which drives the protrusion to slide out of the side groove quickly. S5. After the protrusion extends, it impacts and breaks up the rock cuttings or mud bags accumulated between the well wall and the counterweight. When the drill string tilts, it generates a reverse supporting force on the well wall to push the counterweight back to the upright position. S6. When the rock cuttings are broken or the well deviation is eliminated, the radial extrusion force on the protrusion disappears, the protrusion is reset under the action of the elastic plate, and at the same time, the transmission rod drives the transmission seat to reset upward under the action of the reset spring until it is outside the reciprocating stroke range of the movable plug, and the device returns to normal working condition.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention sets up counterweight blocks filled with counterweight material inside, and multiple counterweight blocks are sleeved on the sleeve to form an integral high-weight structure. In drilling operations, the gravity of the counterweight blocks creates a pendulum effect, which effectively suppresses the radial deviation and longitudinal vibration of the drill string. At the same time, the self-weight of the counterweight blocks can increase the downward impact force of the down-the-hole hammer and improve drilling efficiency.

[0016] 2. This invention features a ring seat and a slidingly fitted movable plug within an annular cavity. The bottom of the movable plug is equipped with a pressure plate. Driven by the axial vibration of the drill bit, the movable plug and pressure plate reciprocate up and down. When the pressure plate moves downward, it squeezes the top surface of the lead powder, achieving continuous compaction of the lead powder. This prevents the lead powder from scattering under high-frequency vibration, which would lead to uneven weight distribution within the counterweight block. Furthermore, in conjunction with the telescopic bladder in the buffer groove, the transmission block moves up and down, impacting the top side of the buffer groove. Through vibration, the gaps between lead powder particles are reduced, achieving uniform compaction of the lead powder within the annular cavity and further ensuring the uniformity of the weight distribution of the counterweight block.

[0017] 3. When rock cuttings or mud accumulate between the counterweight and the well wall, the present invention generates radial extrusion force on the protrusion, causing the protrusion to slide into the side groove and drive the main wedge block to move inward. Through the inclined surface cooperation, the drive seat moves down to the reciprocating stroke range of the movable plug. When the movable plug moves upward, it impacts the drive seat at high speed. Through the inclined surface cooperation of the main and auxiliary wedge blocks, the axial impact force is efficiently converted into radial thrust, driving the protrusion to slide outward from the side groove quickly to impact and break the accumulated rock cuttings or mud. This avoids the device jamming problem caused by rock cuttings or mud, and also prevents the drill string deviation caused by jamming.

[0018] 4. When the drill string tilts and causes the counterweight to tilt to one side, the protrusion in the tilting direction is squeezed into the side groove by the well wall and slides. Through the inclined surface transmission of the main and auxiliary wedge blocks, the transmission rod and transmission seat move downward. When the transmission seat enters the reciprocating stroke range of the movable plug, the upward impact force of the movable plug is converted into the radial extension thrust of the protrusion through the transmission path of the transmission seat, transmission rod and main and auxiliary wedge blocks. This causes the protrusion on the tilted side to extend and generate a reverse support force on the well wall, pushing the counterweight back to the correct position. This achieves active correction and alignment of the drill string, significantly improving the anti-deviation and correction capability during the drilling process. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the counterweight structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the counterweight block of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the counterweight block of the present invention; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram at point B; Figure 7 This is a physical structural diagram of the present invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Sleeve; 101. First drill rod; 2. Counterweight; 201. Limiting block; 202. Limiting groove; 203. Sleeve hole; 204. Annular cavity; 3. Side groove; 301. Protrusion; 302. Inclined surface; 303. Arc angle; 304. Elastic sheet; 305. Main wedge block; 4. Ring seat; 401. Movable plug; 402. Pressure plate; 403. Connecting spring; 404. Buffer groove; 405. Telescopic bladder; 406. Top plate; 407. Transmission block; 5. Transmission groove; 501. Transmission rod; 502. Transmission seat; 503. Return spring; 504. Secondary wedge block. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Example 1 Please see Figure 1-6 This embodiment provides a large-diameter engineering well drilling tool anti-deviation device, including a sleeve 1, a plurality of counterweights 2 sleeved on the sleeve 1, a first drill rod 101 rotatably connected inside the sleeve 1, and positioning rings threaded to both ends of the sleeve 1.

[0023] Specifically, the top and bottom ends of the first drill rod 101 are detachably connected to the external second drill rod and down-the-hole hammer, respectively. The rotational connection between the first drill rod 101 and the sleeve 1 prevents the first drill rod 101 from rotating with the external second drill rod, thus preventing the counterweight 2 from rotating and increasing the load on the second drill rod. The positioning rings threaded at the upper and lower ends of the sleeve 1 are located at the top and bottom of the two counterweights 2, respectively. When the two positioning rings are tightened, the counterweights 2 are tightly fitted together.

[0024] The counterweight 2 has a limiting block 201 at the top and a limiting groove 202 at the bottom. The limiting blocks 201 and limiting grooves 202 between two adjacent counterweights 2 are inserted and matched. The limiting blocks 201 and limiting grooves 202 are arranged in a ring array around the central axis of the counterweight 2. A sleeve hole 203 is opened in the middle of the counterweight 2. An annular cavity 204 is opened inside the counterweight 2. The annular cavity 204 is filled with counterweight material.

[0025] Specifically, each counterweight 2 is fitted onto the sleeve 1 through the central sleeve hole 3. During the fitting process onto the sleeve 1, the limiting blocks 201 and limiting grooves 202 between the ends of two adjacent counterweights 2 are inserted to achieve positioning between the two adjacent counterweights 2. The limiting blocks 201 and limiting grooves 202 are arranged in a ring array to achieve multi-angle insertion positioning between the limiting blocks 201 and limiting grooves 202 of two adjacent counterweights 2.

[0026] The preferred material for counterweights is lead powder. After the lead powder is filled in the annular cavity 204, a buffer space is reserved at the top of the annular cavity 204 to prevent the lead powder from expanding due to heat and causing damage or deformation to the counterweight block 2 structure. During operation, the multiple counterweight blocks 2 filled with lead powder have sufficient weight to effectively suppress the radial deviation of the second drill pipe and the down-the-hole hammer. At the same time, the weight of the counterweight block 2 can increase the downward impact force of the down-the-hole hammer and improve drilling efficiency.

[0027] It also includes a side groove 3, which is opened on the side of the counterweight 2. A protrusion 301 is slidably fitted inside the side groove 3. Inclined surfaces 302 are opened on both sides of the outer end of the protrusion 301. Arc-shaped corners 303 are opened on the upper and lower sides of the outer end of the protrusion 301. An elastic piece 304 is provided between the inner wall of the side groove 3 and the protrusion 301.

[0028] Specifically, under normal operating conditions, the outer surface of the protrusion 301 is in normal contact with the well wall. At the same time, the elastic sheet 304 provides elastic pressure to the protrusion 301, so that the outer surface of the protrusion 301 abuts against the well wall. The elastic force of the elastic sheet 304 is used to achieve horizontal vibration buffering, and at the same time, it effectively suppresses the radial deviation of the second drill pipe during drilling operations.

[0029] It also includes a ring seat 4, which is located on the top side of the inner wall of the annular cavity 204. A movable plug 401 is slidably fitted in the middle of the ring seat 4. A pressure plate 402 is provided at the bottom end of the movable plug 401. A connecting spring 403 is provided between the top of the movable plug 401 and the top side of the annular cavity 204.

[0030] Specifically, when the external second drill rod drives this device to work, it has impact and slow rotation actions. During the impact action, axial vibration is generated, that is, high-frequency vibration in the vertical direction, which in turn drives the counterweight 2 to vibrate up and down. During the vibration, the movable plug 401 and the pressure plate 402 will move up and down reciprocally. When the pressure plate 402 moves downward, it will squeeze the top surface of the lead powder to achieve compaction of the lead powder and prevent the lead powder from scattering during the impact and slow rotation actions of the second drill rod and the down-the-hole hammer. Since the top of the lead powder has a buffer space reserved, the scattering of the lead powder will make the overall weight distribution of the counterweight 2 uneven, which will increase the radial vibration and skew effect of the second drill rod and the down-the-hole hammer.

[0031] It also includes a buffer groove 404, which is opened on the top side of the annular cavity 204 and extends into the interior of the limiting block 201. The buffer groove 404 is provided with a telescopic bladder 405, the opening of the telescopic bladder 405 faces the annular cavity 204, and the top of the telescopic bladder 405 is provided with a transmission block 407 through the top plate 406.

[0032] Specifically, during the reciprocating motion of the movable plug 401, the air pressure in the space above the movable plug 401 is repeatedly changed, thereby realizing the reciprocating expansion and contraction of the telescopic bladder 405. The reciprocating expansion and contraction of the telescopic bladder 405 will drive the transmission block 407 to reciprocate up and down. During the upward movement of the transmission block 407, it will hit the top side of the buffer groove 404, thereby realizing the vibration of the limiting block 201. Since the limiting block 201 cooperates with the limiting groove 202 on the adjacent counterweight block 2, the vibration can be transmitted to the bottom of the adjacent counterweight block 2. The vibration of the bottom of the counterweight block 2 makes the gap of lead powder on the bottom side inside the counterweight block 2 smaller, thereby helping the lead powder to be further compacted.

[0033] When this device is used, the top and bottom ends of the first drill pipe 101 are detachably connected to the second drill pipe and the down-the-hole hammer, respectively. After tightening the positioning rings at both ends of the sleeve 1, the multiple counterweights 2 on the sleeve 1 are axially limited, so that the adjacent counterweights 2 fit tightly together, ensuring the axial stability of the overall structure of the device. The adjacent counterweights 2 are circumferentially positioned by the insertion and cooperation of the limiting block 201 and the limiting groove 202, avoiding relative rotation between the counterweights 2 and ensuring the coaxiality of the overall structure of the device. The lead powder filled in the annular cavity 204 inside the counterweight 2 makes the multiple counterweights 2 form an integral heavy structure, which can effectively suppress the radial deviation and longitudinal vibration of the drill string generated during the operation of the second drill pipe and the down-the-hole hammer. At the same time, the self-weight of the counterweights 2 can increase the downward impact force of the down-the-hole hammer and improve the drilling efficiency.

[0034] Under normal drilling operation conditions, the protrusion 301 in the side groove 3 always remains in contact with the well wall under the elastic thrust of the elastic plate 304. The elastic plate 304 can buffer and absorb the horizontal vibration generated by the drill string during drilling, reducing the impact of radial vibration on the verticality of the drill string. At the same time, the continuous contact between the protrusion 301 and the well wall further restricts the radial displacement of the counterweight 2. The inclined surface 302 and arc angle 303 set at the outer end of the protrusion 301 can reduce the sliding resistance between the protrusion 301 and the well wall, avoid the protrusion 301 from getting stuck with the well wall, and ensure the smoothness of the device as it descends with the drill string.

[0035] During drilling operations, the second drill pipe drives the drill string and this device to generate high-frequency axial impact vibration. This axial vibration is synchronously transmitted to the counterweight 2. The axial movement of the counterweight 2 will drive the movable plug 401 and pressure plate 402 in the ring seat 4 to move up and down along the axial direction. When the pressure plate 402 moves downward with the movable plug 401, it will exert a squeezing effect on the top surface of the lead powder in the annular cavity 204, thereby achieving continuous compaction of the lead powder. This avoids the problem of uneven weight distribution inside the counterweight 2 caused by the lead powder being scattered under high-frequency vibration, and reduces the risk of radial deviation of the drill string caused by counterweight imbalance. The buffer space reserved at the top of the annular cavity 204 can accommodate the expansion volume of the lead powder after heating, preventing the expansion of the lead powder from causing structural damage or deformation of the counterweight 2, and ensuring the long-term stability of the device.

[0036] During the axial reciprocating motion of the movable plug 401, the air pressure in the sealed space between the upper part of the movable plug 401 and the top side of the annular cavity 204 is continuously changed, thereby driving the telescopic bladder 405 in the buffer groove 404 to perform reciprocating expansion and contraction. During the expansion and contraction of the telescopic bladder 405, the transmission block 407 is driven to move up and down along the buffer groove 404 through the top plate 406. When the transmission block 407 moves upward, it will hit the top side of the buffer groove 404, so that the vibration is transmitted to the limiting block 201. Since the limiting block 201 is inserted and matched with the limiting groove 202 of the adjacent counterweight 2, the vibration can be transmitted synchronously to the bottom of the adjacent counterweight 2. Through the vibration, the particle gap of the lead powder on the bottom side inside the counterweight 2 is reduced, and with the compaction action of the pressure plate 402, the lead powder in the annular cavity 204 is uniformly compacted, further ensuring the uniformity of the weight distribution of the counterweight 2.

[0037] Furthermore, it also includes a transmission groove 5, which is opened on the side wall of the annular cavity 204 and communicates with the side groove 3. The transmission groove 5 is located above the annular seat 4. A transmission rod 501 is movably connected inside the transmission groove 5. The transmission rod 501 has an L-shaped structure. The horizontal end of the transmission rod 501 is slidably connected to the transmission groove 5, and the vertical side of the transmission rod 501 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the side groove 3. A transmission seat 502 is provided at the horizontal end of the transmission rod 501. The transmission seat 502 is located above the movable plug 401. A return spring 503 is provided between the horizontal end of the transmission rod 501 and the top side of the transmission groove 5.

[0038] The protrusion 301 is provided with a main wedge block 305 on one side of the side groove 3, and the transmission rod 501 is provided with a secondary wedge block 504 corresponding to and cooperating with the main wedge block 305 on the vertical side.

[0039] Specifically, under normal operating conditions, the inclined surfaces between the main wedge block 305 and the secondary wedge block 504 are in contact, and the inclined surface of the main wedge block 305 is above the inclined surface of the secondary wedge block 504. The transmission seat 502 is always outside the stroke of the moving plug 401's up-and-down reciprocating motion.

[0040] When rock debris or mud accumulates between the outer wall of the counterweight 2 and the well wall, the rock debris or mud will form a blockage between the well wall and the protrusion 301. Under the guidance of the inclined surface 302 and the arc angle 303 at the outer end of the protrusion 301, the blockage will exert a radial squeezing force on the protrusion 301, causing the protrusion 301 to overcome the elastic force of the elastic plate 304 and slide into the side groove 3. During the process of the protrusion 301 sliding inward, it will drive the inner main wedge block 305 to move horizontally in sync. The main wedge block 305 will squeeze the secondary wedge block 504 through the inclined surface, causing the secondary wedge block 504 to drive the L-shaped transmission rod 501 to move downward along the transmission groove 5. The reset spring 503 will be stretched, and at the same time, the transmission seat 502 at the horizontal end of the transmission rod 501 will move downward in sync.

[0041] When the protrusion 301 slides inward to the preset stroke, the transmission seat 502 moves downward to the axial reciprocating stroke range of the movable plug 401. At this time, the movable plug 401, which reciprocates up and down with the vibration of the counterweight 2, will impact the transmission seat 502 at high speed when it moves upward, causing the transmission seat 502 to drive the transmission rod 501 to quickly return to its original position. The rapid upward movement of the transmission rod 501, through the inclined surface cooperation between the secondary wedge block 504 and the main wedge block 305, converts the axial impact force into a radial thrust, driving the protrusion 301 to quickly slide outward from the side groove 3. The rock cuttings and mud bags accumulated between the well wall and the counterweight 2 are forcefully impacted and broken. After the rock cuttings and mud bags are broken, the radial compressive force on the protrusion 301 disappears. The protrusion 301 is reset under the elastic force of the elastic plate 304. At the same time, the transmission rod 501 and the transmission seat 502 are reset synchronously under the tension of the reset spring 503. The transmission seat 502 returns to outside the reciprocating stroke of the movable plug 401, and the device returns to the normal operating state. This effectively avoids the device jamming problem caused by the accumulation of rock cuttings and mud bags, and also prevents the drill string deviation caused by jamming.

[0042] When the drill string tilts and causes the counterweight 2 to tilt to one side, the protrusion 301 in the tilting direction will be squeezed by the well wall, overcoming the elastic force of the elastic plate 304 and sliding into the side groove 3. During the inward sliding of the protrusion 301, the inclined surface transmission of the main wedge block 305 and the secondary wedge block 504 drives the transmission rod 501 and the transmission seat 502 to move downward. When the tilt angle of the counterweight 2 reaches the preset threshold, the transmission seat 502 moves downward to the reciprocating stroke range of the movable plug 401. At this time, the upward reciprocating impact action of the movable plug 401 will be converted into the radial extension thrust of the protrusion 301 through the transmission path of the transmission seat 502, the transmission rod 501 and the main and secondary wedge blocks, so that the protrusion 301 on the tilting side extends forcefully, generating a reverse support force on the well wall and pushing the counterweight 2 back to the correct position, thereby realizing the active correction of the drill string.

[0043] It should be noted that, in order to increase the coverage area of ​​the protrusion 301 on the well wall, the counterweights 2 can be placed in an alternating manner, so that the protrusions 301 between the counterweights 2 are staggered along the axial direction, thereby ensuring that the protrusions 301 have a larger range of action. The limiting blocks 201 and limiting grooves 202 arranged in a ring array provide the necessary conditions for the staggered arrangement of the counterweights 2.

[0044] Example 2 This embodiment also provides a method for preventing deviation in drilling tools for large-diameter engineering wells, including the following steps: S1. Multiple counterweights 2 are fitted onto the sleeve 1 through the sleeve hole 203, and the limiting block 201 between adjacent counterweights 2 is inserted into the limiting groove 202. Then, the positioning rings are tightened at both ends of the sleeve 1, the first drill rod 101 is rotatably connected to the inside of the sleeve 1, and the two ends of the first drill rod 101 are respectively connected to the second drill rod and the down-the-hole hammer.

[0045] Specifically, the first counterweight 2 is first inserted into the sleeve 1 through the central hole 203, with the bottom limiting groove 202 of the counterweight 2 facing downwards. Then, the second counterweight 2 is inserted into the sleeve 1 through the same hole 203, and the top annular array limiting block 201 is precisely aligned with the bottom limiting groove 202 of the first counterweight 2 below and fully inserted. This operation is repeated until all counterweights 2 are installed onto the sleeve 1 in sequence, ensuring that the limiting structures of all counterweights 2 fit tightly to form circumferential positioning and prevent relative rotation.

[0046] Screw the positioning rings into the upper and lower ends of the sleeve 1 and tighten them so that the end faces of the positioning rings are in close contact with the uppermost and lowermost counterweights 2, and apply axial preload to all the counterweights 2 to form a stable whole.

[0047] Insert the first drill rod 101 into the sleeve 1 and make a rotating connection to ensure that the first drill rod 101 can rotate freely, while the sleeve 1 and the counterweight 2 will not rotate with it. Fix the top end of the first drill rod 101 to the upper second drill rod by means of threads or flanges, and fix the bottom end to the down-the-hole hammer or drill bit to complete the installation of the entire drill assembly.

[0048] S2. During drilling operations, the counterweight material filled in the annular cavity 204 inside the counterweight block 2 provides gravity to suppress the radial deviation and longitudinal vibration of the drill string. The protrusion 301 in the side groove 3 always fits against the well wall under the action of the elastic sheet 304, realizing radial buffering and straightening.

[0049] Specifically, after the drilling operation begins, the high-density counterweight material such as lead powder filled in the annular cavity 204 of multiple counterweight blocks 2 makes the entire device form a huge pendulum. With gravity downward, it continuously generates a righting torque to resist the lateral swing and deflection of the drill string, while increasing the drilling pressure and suppressing the longitudinal bounce of the drill string, thereby stabilizing the attitude of the drill string. At the same time, the protrusion 301 located on the side of the counterweight block 2, under the continuous elastic force of the elastic plate 304, keeps the outer end of the protrusion 301 in close contact with the well wall. The design of the inclined surface 302 and the arc angle 303 at the outer end of the protrusion 301 allows it to smoothly glide over the well wall when moving up and down with the drill string, reducing frictional resistance.

[0050] When the drill string generates a small radial vibration, the bump 301 contacts the well wall and transfers the vibration energy to the elastic plate 304. The elastic deformation of the elastic plate 304 absorbs and buffers the radial impact, preventing the vibration from intensifying and causing well deviation, thus achieving dynamic radial stability and passive straightening.

[0051] S3. When rock cuttings accumulate, mud gets trapped, or the drill string tilts between the counterweight 2 and the well wall, the protrusion 301 is squeezed and slides into the side groove 3, causing the main wedge block 305 to move inward. Through the inclined surface cooperation between the main wedge block 305 and the secondary wedge block 504, the transmission rod 501 is driven to overcome the tension of the return spring 503 and slide downward along the transmission groove 5, so that the transmission seat 502 moves downward to the reciprocating stroke range of the movable plug 401.

[0052] Specifically, when the wellbore collapses partially, rock cuttings accumulate, or mud bales form, these obstacles will compress the protrusion 301 on the side of the counterweight 2, or when the drill string begins to tilt, the protrusion 301 on the tilted side will be forcibly pushed into the side groove 3 by the wellbore. In both cases, the protrusion 301 will overcome the resistance of the elastic plate 304 and slide into the side groove 3.

[0053] As the protrusion 301 slides inward, the main wedge block 305, which is fixedly connected to the inner side, moves horizontally inward simultaneously. The inward movement of the main wedge block 305 generates relative motion between the inclined surface and the inclined surface of the secondary wedge block 504 on the transmission rod 501. Since the inclined surface of the main wedge block 305 is located above the inclined surface of the secondary wedge block 504, the inward movement of the main wedge block 305 will compress the secondary wedge block 504 and the transmission rod 501 to overcome the tension of the return spring 503 and slide vertically downward along the guide of the transmission groove 5.

[0054] The transmission rod 501 slides down, causing the transmission seat 502 to move down from its initial position. When the protrusion 301 is pushed into the preset depth, the preset depth corresponds to the severity of rock debris accumulation or the tilt angle reaching the trigger threshold. The transmission seat 502 moves exactly within the stroke range of the moving plug 401's up-and-down reciprocating motion, preparing for the next step of active intervention.

[0055] S4. The axial vibration of the drill bit drives the movable plug 401 to reciprocate up and down in the ring seat 4. When the movable plug 401 moves upward, it impacts the transmission seat 502, driving the transmission rod 501 to quickly return to its original position. The axial impact force is converted into radial thrust through the inclined surface cooperation between the secondary wedge block 504 and the main wedge block 305, driving the protrusion 301 to quickly slide out of the side groove 3.

[0056] Specifically, during the drilling process, the continuous axial impact vibration generated by the down-the-hole hammer or drill bit breaking the rock is transmitted to the entire device through the drill string, causing the movable plug 401 in the counterweight 2 to frequently reciprocate up and down within the ring seat 4.

[0057] Since the transmission seat 502 has moved down into the movement trajectory of the movable plug 401 in step S3, when the movable plug 401 moves upward under the action of the impact force, the movable plug 401 at the top will hit the transmission seat 502 above at high speed. The impact provides the transmission rod 501 with an instantaneous and powerful upward impact force, causing the transmission rod 501 to quickly spring back to its original position along the transmission groove 5.

[0058] The rapid upward movement of the transmission rod 501 applies an upward force to the inclined surface of the main wedge block 305 through the inclined surface of the secondary wedge block 504. According to the principle of inclined plane mechanics, this force is decomposed into a horizontal outward component, thereby efficiently converting the axial impact energy into a powerful radial thrust and pushing the protrusion 301 to extend outward from the side groove 3 at extremely high speed and force.

[0059] S5. After the protrusion of the bump 301, it impacts and breaks up the rock cuttings or mud bags accumulated between the well wall and the counterweight 2. When the drill string tilts, it generates a reverse support force on the well wall to push the counterweight 2 back to the upright position.

[0060] Specifically, under the action of strong radial thrust, the protrusion 301 extends at high speed and violently impacts and breaks the rock debris or mud piled between the counterweight 2 and the well wall, restoring the normal gap between the counterweight 2 and the well wall and preventing the device from getting stuck.

[0061] If the triggering cause is drill string tilt, the protrusion 301 on the tilted side will extend at high speed, and the outer end of the protrusion 301 will forcefully press against the well wall like a hydraulic support. This force is transmitted through the protrusion 301 to the counterweight 2 and the entire device, forming a straightening force opposite to the tilt direction, thereby actively pushing the drill string back to the correct position and correcting the tilt trend.

[0062] S6. When the rock cuttings are broken or the well deviation is eliminated, the radial extrusion force on the protrusion 301 disappears, and the protrusion 301 is reset under the action of the elastic plate 304. At the same time, the transmission rod 501 drives the transmission seat 502 to be reset upward under the action of the reset spring 503 to outside the reciprocating stroke range of the movable plug 401, and the device returns to normal working state.

[0063] Specifically, as the cuttings are broken up and carried away by the drilling fluid circulation, or the well deviation is corrected, the radial extrusion force that originally forced the protrusion 301 to retract disappears. At this time, the elastic potential energy stored in the elastic sheet 304 is released, pushing the protrusion 301 to slide outward and return to its normal working position close to the well wall. At the same time, the main wedge block 305 also moves outward.

[0064] The main wedge block 305 moves outward, releasing the restriction on the secondary wedge block 504. Under the pulling force of the return spring 503, the transmission rod 501 slides upward along the transmission groove 5, driving the transmission seat 502 to move upward, and finally returns to the initial position.

[0065] After the transmission seat 502 is reset, it is once again out of the reciprocating stroke range of the movable plug 401. This means that the up-and-down reciprocating motion of the movable plug 401 no longer affects the transmission seat 502. The entire device returns to normal drilling status, continues to perform passive anti-deviation and buffering work, and waits for the next abnormal situation to be triggered.

[0066] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A large-diameter engineering well drilling tool anti-deviation device, comprising a sleeve (1), wherein a plurality of counterweights (2) are sleeved on the sleeve (1), characterized in that, The counterweight (2) has an annular cavity (204) inside, and the annular cavity (204) is filled with counterweight material; It also includes a side groove (3), which is opened on the side of the counterweight (2), and a protrusion (301) is slidably fitted inside the side groove (3). An elastic sheet (304) is provided between the inner wall of the side groove (3) and the protrusion (301). The protrusion (301) is provided with a main wedge block (305) on one side of the side groove (3); It also includes a ring seat (4), which is located on the top side of the inner wall of the annular cavity (204), and a movable plug (401) is slidably fitted in the middle of the ring seat (4). It also includes a transmission groove (5), which is opened on the side wall of the annular cavity (204) and communicates with the side groove (3). A transmission rod (501) is movably connected in the transmission groove (5). A transmission seat (502) is provided at the horizontal end of the transmission rod (501). A return spring (503) is provided between the horizontal end of the transmission rod (501) and the top side of the transmission groove (5). A secondary wedge block (504) is provided on the vertical side of the transmission rod (501) to cooperate with the main wedge block (305).

2. The anti-deviation device for large-diameter engineering well drilling tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: The counterweight (2) has a limiting block (201) at the top and a limiting groove (202) at the bottom. The limiting block (201) and the limiting groove (202) between two adjacent counterweights (2) are inserted into each other. The limiting block (201) and the limiting groove (202) are arranged in a ring array around the central axis of the counterweight (2), and a sleeve hole (203) is opened in the middle of the counterweight (2).

3. The anti-deviation device for large-diameter engineering well drilling tools according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sleeve (1) is rotatably connected to the first drill rod (101), and the two ends of the sleeve (1) are threadedly connected to positioning rings.

4. The anti-deviation device for large-diameter engineering well drilling tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer ends of the protrusion (301) are provided with inclined surfaces (302) on both sides, and arc-shaped corners (303) are provided on the upper and lower sides of the outer ends of the protrusion (301).

5. The anti-deviation device for large-diameter engineering well drilling tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom end of the movable plug (401) is provided with a pressure plate (402), and a connecting spring (403) is provided between the top of the movable plug (401) and the top side of the annular cavity (204).

6. The anti-deviation device for large-diameter engineering well drilling tools according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a buffer groove (404), which is opened on the top side of the annular cavity (204) and extends into the interior of the limiting block (201). The interior of the buffer groove (404) is provided with a telescopic bladder (405).

7. The anti-deviation device for large-diameter engineering well drilling tools according to claim 6, characterized in that: The opening of the telescopic bladder (405) faces the annular cavity (204), and the top of the telescopic bladder (405) is provided with a transmission block (407) through the top plate (406).

8. The anti-deviation device for large-diameter engineering well drilling tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission groove (5) is located above the ring seat (4), and the transmission seat (502) is located above the movable plug (401); The transmission rod (501) has an L-shaped structure. The horizontal end of the transmission rod (501) is slidably connected to the transmission groove (5), and the vertical side of the transmission rod (501) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the side groove (3).

9. A method for preventing deviation in drilling tools for large-diameter engineering wells, wherein the method utilizes the anti-deviation device for large-diameter engineering well drilling tools as described in any one of claims 1-8 to achieve drill tool deviation prevention, characterized in that... The steps are as follows: S1. Multiple counterweights (2) are fitted onto the sleeve (1) through the sleeve hole (203), and the limiting block (201) between adjacent counterweights (2) is inserted into the limiting groove (202). Then, the positioning rings are tightened at both ends of the sleeve (1), the first drill rod (101) is rotatably connected to the inside of the sleeve (1), and the two ends of the first drill rod (101) are respectively connected to the external second drill rod and the down-the-hole hammer. S2. During drilling operations, the counterweight material filled in the annular cavity (204) inside the counterweight block (2) provides gravity to suppress the radial deviation and longitudinal vibration of the drill string. The protrusion (301) in the side groove (3) always fits against the well wall under the action of the elastic sheet (304), realizing radial buffering and straightening. S3. When rock cuttings accumulate, mud gets trapped, and the drill string tilts between the counterweight (2) and the well wall, the protrusion (301) is squeezed and slides into the side groove (3), causing the main wedge block (305) to move inward. Through the inclined surface cooperation between the main wedge block (305) and the secondary wedge block (504), the transmission rod (501) is driven to overcome the tension of the return spring (503) and slide downward along the transmission groove (5), so that the transmission seat (502) moves downward to the reciprocating stroke range of the movable plug (401). S4. The axial vibration of the drill bit drives the movable plug (401) to move up and down in the ring seat (4). When the movable plug (401) moves upward, it impacts the transmission seat (502), driving the transmission rod (501) to quickly return to its original position. The axial impact force is converted into radial thrust through the inclined surface cooperation between the secondary wedge block (504) and the main wedge block (305), driving the protrusion (301) to quickly slide out of the side groove (3). S5. After the protrusion (301) extends, it impacts and breaks the rock cuttings or mud bags accumulated between the well wall and the counterweight (2). When the drill string tilts, it generates a reverse support force on the well wall to push the counterweight (2) back to the upright position. S6. When the rock cuttings are broken or the well deviation is eliminated, the radial extrusion force on the protrusion (301) disappears, the protrusion (301) is reset under the action of the elastic plate (304), and at the same time, the transmission rod (501) drives the transmission seat (502) to be reset upward to outside the reciprocating stroke range of the movable plug (401) under the action of the reset spring (503), and the device returns to normal working state.

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