Drilling site drill pipe and hole sealing pipe counting management system and collaborative management method

Abstract

This application relates to a drilling pipe and sealing pipe counting management system and collaborative control method in the field of coal mine underground drilling site construction management technology. It includes a sensing layer, an RFID fusion layer, a transmission layer, and a local application layer, comprising the following steps: S1 System initialization and parameter configuration; S2 Data acquisition, fusion verification, and local control; S3 Uplink and downlink linkage; S4 Data traceability and system optimization. This invention constructs a four-layer architecture of "sensing layer - RFID fusion layer - transmission layer - local application layer," embedding RFID electronic tags inside the drill pipe to achieve unique identification of the drill pipe, integrating AI video analysis technology to verify and count drill pipe withdrawal, and using an RFID reader / writer device to automatically count sealing pipes. Furthermore, localized drilling management software is deployed on the underground drilling host to achieve integrated operation of counting and construction management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of construction management technology for underground coal mine drilling sites, and in particular to a drilling pipe and sealing pipe counting management system and a collaborative control method based on the system. Background Technology

[0002] In underground coal mine drilling operations such as gas extraction and water exploration, the accuracy of drill pipe withdrawal counts directly affects borehole depth calculation and construction quality control, while the accuracy of sealing pipe counts impacts sealing effectiveness and construction safety. Both are core parameters for drilling site management. Furthermore, drilling site management software is often deployed in the surface control room, requiring underground workers to frequently communicate with surface control personnel to synchronize construction data, resulting in cumbersome and inefficient management processes.

[0003] Currently, existing methods for drill pipe counting, wellbore management, and construction scheduling in drilling sites have several technical shortcomings: First, drill pipe counting methods are traditional, relying heavily on manual statistics or single technical means. Manual statistics are prone to omissions and errors due to fatigue and negligence, leading to inaccuracies in borehole depth calculations. Single-vision counting schemes have low recognition accuracy in low-light, high-dust, and drill pipe-obstructed environments downhole, while single-sensor counting schemes are susceptible to malfunctions due to damp and vibrating downhole environments, failing to guarantee accurate counting throughout the drilling process. Second, wellbore counting lacks effective technical means, currently relying mostly on manual counting and registration, which is inefficient and prone to quantity discrepancies, thus affecting wellbore depth calculations. First, the control of borehole length poses a safety hazard of gas leakage due to inadequate sealing. Second, the construction management software is deployed in the wellhead dispatch room, requiring downhole workers to synchronize data such as drill pipe counts and construction progress with the surface via telephone, and then the surface personnel input the data into the software. This not only results in information transmission delays but also increases the workload of the surface dispatchers, and information distortion is prone to occur during data synchronization. Third, the existing technology does not achieve coordinated linkage between drill pipe counting, sealing pipe counting, and construction management. The data is stored in different systems, which cannot provide downhole construction personnel with real-time and accurate decision support, thus restricting the efficiency of drilling site construction and the level of management refinement.

[0004] Furthermore, existing drill pipe counting technologies mostly focus on a single counting dimension, without considering coordinated control with borehole pipe counting, and fail to address the need for localized operation of construction management software in the mine. They cannot meet the integrated construction requirements of "efficient counting + convenient management" in coal mine drilling sites, and are unable to satisfy the high standards of drilling site construction quality and safety control. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems of inaccurate drill pipe counting, lack of effective means for counting borehole pipes, cumbersome construction management processes, and poor data coordination in existing drilling site management technologies, this invention aims to solve the following core technical problems: (1) Solve the problem of poor accuracy and instability of existing drill pipe counting methods in harsh downhole environments: Existing single vision or sensor counting schemes cannot adapt to harsh environments such as low light, high dust, and vibration downhole, and are prone to omissions and errors. They cannot guarantee accurate counting throughout the entire drilling process, resulting in deviations in borehole depth calculation.

[0006] (2) Solve the problem that the existing counting of sealing tubes relies on manual labor, is inefficient and inaccurate: The existing sealing tubes lack effective automatic counting methods, and manual counting is prone to quantity deviation, which affects the control of sealing length and poses safety hazards.

[0007] (3) Solve the problem that the existing construction management software is deployed on the surface, is cumbersome to operate and has data transmission delay: The existing software requires personnel on the surface to operate, and the synchronization of data between the surface and the underground depends on manual communication, which results in information delay and distortion, and increases the workload of the dispatchers on the surface.

[0008] (4) Solve the problem of the disconnect and poor coordination between drill pipe counting, sealing pipe counting and construction management data in the existing technology: The existing data is stored in a scattered manner, which makes it impossible to realize the real-time linkage between counting data and construction management, and cannot provide accurate decision support for downhole construction.

[0009] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a drilling pipe and sealing pipe counting and management system for drilling sites, comprising a sensing layer, an RFID fusion layer, a transmission layer, and a local application layer. The sensing layer is used to collect drill pipe motion images, drill pipe RFID identification information, borehole pipe RFID identification information, and drilling site environment auxiliary data. The RFID fusion layer is connected to the sensing layer, and through RFID tags and reading / writing devices, it realizes the unique identification and accurate recognition of drill rods and sealing pipes; The transmission layer is connected to the RFID fusion layer and the local application layer respectively. It is used to preprocess the data of the sensing layer and the RFID fusion layer to ensure the real-time performance and accuracy of the data, and transmit the preprocessed data to the local application layer. The local application layer is connected to the surface dispatch center and is used to receive real-time counting data and synchronize data with the surface dispatch center database through the underground industrial ring network.

[0010] In order to accurately identify the drill rod outline and track the drill rod movement direction (drill retraction) and improve the recognition accuracy, the sensing layer adopts an intrinsically safe mining camera, which is installed on both sides of the drill rod conveying channel of the drilling rig and above the main shaft of the drilling rig.

[0011] To achieve accurate counting, the RFID fusion layer includes drill pipe embedded RFID tags, sealing pipe RFID tags, and intrinsically safe RFID reading and writing devices for mining.

[0012] To ensure data real-time performance and accuracy, the transmission layer includes a backend AI analysis server and an intrinsically safe ring network access device for mining applications.

[0013] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention also provides a method for coordinated control of drill pipe and wellbore counting in drilling sites, comprising the following steps: S1 System Initialization and Parameter Configuration: According to the drilling site construction requirements, complete the equipment deployment and debugging, bind RFID tags to drill pipes and sealing pipes, complete the software and algorithm initialization, and issue tasks; S2 Data Acquisition-Fusion Verification-Local Control: Through the collaboration of the perception layer and the RFID fusion layer, multi-source data acquisition is completed. Through data preprocessing and dual fusion verification at the transmission layer, and through collaborative control at the local application layer, construction and counting are integrated. S3 Uplink and Downlink Linkage: Through collaboration between the drilling host, backend services, ground clients, and field equipment, remote and local synchronization is achieved; S4 Data Traceability and System Optimization: By using the unique RFID tag IDs of drill pipes and sealing pipes, combined with the system's stored counting data, operation logs, and video clips, the entire lifecycle of drill pipe usage and sealing pipe consumption can be traced. The system can be updated OTA through the downhole drilling host, continuously improving the efficiency and accuracy of collaborative management.

[0014] To ensure the effectiveness of subsequent data collection, preliminary preparations are necessary. Step S1 specifically includes the following steps: S11 Equipment Deployment and Debugging: The intrinsically safe mining cameras in the sensing layer are installed on both sides of the drill pipe conveying channel and above the drill rig spindle. The lens angle is adjusted to cover the drill pipe movement trajectory. The intrinsically safe mining RFID reader / writer is installed in the drill pipe conveying channel and the sealing pipe working face. The antenna angle is adjusted to avoid metal interference. The edge computing nodes and mining ring network access devices in the transmission layer are connected to each sensing device and the drilling host. The underground drilling host in the local application layer is deployed in place and completes hardware self-test. S12 Tag Binding and System Configuration: Customized RFID tags are bound to drill pipes and sealing pipes. RFID tags are embedded in the drill pipes and sealed, with each drill pipe corresponding to a unique ID. RFID tags for sealing pipes are affixed to both ends of the sealing pipes, associating them with the corresponding sealing pipe information. All tag IDs are entered into the system database. S13 Software and Algorithm Initialization: Deploy localized drilling management software on the downhole drilling host and complete mode configuration and permission settings; preload the improved YOLOv11 drill pipe recognition and trajectory tracking algorithm on the backend AI analysis server and complete algorithm parameter optimization; configure the communication protocols of each device to ensure smooth data interaction and set the data transmission delay to ≤200ms; S14 Task Issuance: The ground client issues the drilling task work order to the downhole drilling host through the downhole industrial ring network. The host receives the information synchronously and completes the pre-construction preparation.

[0015] To ensure the effectiveness of data collection and achieve the integration of automatic counting and construction management, step S2 specifically includes the following steps: The S21 sensing layer and RFID fusion layer work together to complete multi-source data acquisition: Drill rod related data acquisition: The intrinsically safe mining camera collects real-time video streams of the drill rod's advance and retraction movements. Through the built-in preliminary recognition algorithm, the drill rod outline is extracted, the movement direction is tracked, and candidate counting signals are generated. At the same time, the drill rod RFID reader scans the passing drill rods, reads the unique ID information of the embedded RFID tag, eliminates duplicate data, and uploads it to the edge computing node of the transmission layer in real time. Data collection related to sealing pipes: The RFID reading and writing device for sealing pipes is installed at the exit of the sealing pipe storage area and next to the conveyor channel of the work surface. When the sealing pipe passes through, the directional antenna accurately reads the unique ID of the tag, avoids interference from surrounding metal, and uploads the sealing pipe ID information to the edge computing node in real time. Auxiliary data acquisition: Bus-type sensors transmit drilling site environmental data and equipment operating parameters to the downhole drilling host in real time via RS485 bus, providing auxiliary support for construction management; S22 Transport Layer Data Preprocessing and Dual Fusion Verification: Data aggregation and preprocessing: The edge computing node receives the video stream and counting candidate signal transmitted by the intrinsically safe camera in the perception layer, as well as the drill rod and sealing pipe ID information uploaded by the RFID fusion layer. Through the built-in data preprocessing software, invalid data is removed, and data cleaning and standardization are completed. AI video and RFID dual verification: The back-end AI analysis server runs a data fusion algorithm to compare and verify the drill rod retraction trajectory and counting candidate signals identified by the camera with the drill rod ID information read by the drill rod RFID reader. After confirming that the retraction action is real and the RFID tag reading is valid, a valid count of drill rod retraction is generated. Similarly, the RFID tag information of the sealing pipe is verified to generate a valid count of the sealing pipe, ensuring accurate counting. Data transmission: Edge computing nodes transmit effective information to the local application layer downhole drilling host in real time via mining Ethernet to ensure data real-time performance; at the same time, intrinsically safe mining ring network access devices ensure stable network interconnection of various devices and avoid data packet loss. S23 Local application layer collaborative management and control, realizing the integration of construction and counting: Drilling host core control: The downhole drilling host receives valid counting data, video streams and sensor data sent from the transmission layer, and realizes multi-functional collaborative control through local management software. Operators can switch between multiple modes through the touch screen to complete the corresponding operations. Anomaly Control and Linkage: When the system detects an abnormal count, equipment failure, or construction violation, the drilling host immediately triggers an audible and visual alarm. At the same time, through the interlock output control function, the equipment is linked according to the warning level. The operator can quickly troubleshoot the problem and restore normal operation through the host. Local data storage and interaction: The drilling host stores information in real time, and at the same time, through the integrated switch and VDSL module, it realizes two-way data interaction with field equipment and back-end services, ensuring the coordination of local control and remote scheduling.

[0016] To achieve multi-functional collaborative management, the touchscreen switching modes further include: Homepage mode: View the mode menu, drilling task list, and real-time video of the current drilling point; real-time display of drill rod retraction count, sealing pipe count, and equipment operating status; Video mode: Preview, switch, focus, and control the wipers for multiple camera feeds to ensure the drill pipe's movement trajectory and the working face are clearly visible; Drilling mode: Monitors the drilling process and executes drilling tasks. Automatic counting parameters can be manually adjusted. If the count is abnormal, it can be manually corrected. At the same time, it receives sensor data feedback to achieve synchronous control of the drilling process and counting. Intercom mode: Enables two-way voice communication between on-site personnel and the ground dispatch center via the WebRTC protocol, allowing for timely feedback on construction progress and receipt of control instructions.

[0017] To achieve remote and local data synchronization and real-time monitoring, step S3 specifically includes the following steps: S31 drilling host and backend service / ground client collaboration: Real-time audio and video communication: This protocol enables low-latency two-way voice communication between on-site personnel and the ground dispatch center, ensuring smooth information transmission and timely response to dispatch instructions during construction. Real-time data and command interaction: The drilling host reports drill rod and sealing pipe counts, sensor readings, equipment status, and alarm information in real time; at the same time, it receives real-time control commands from the ground server to achieve remote management and control; Basic configuration and management information interaction: When the drilling host starts up, it obtains the initial configuration, drilling point information and operator permissions from the server; before the task is executed, it retrieves the drilling task work order; during the construction process, it synchronizes the operation log and uploads the confirmed drilling records in batches to ensure that the local data is synchronized with the ground data. S32 drilling host and field equipment coordination: Video surveillance access: The drilling host directly connects to multiple camera video streams through a built-in switch, enabling local real-time display, switching, and focus control. It can also forward video streams for ground streaming media devices to independently access or access the streams from the host, achieving collaborative local and remote video surveillance.

[0018] Sensor data acquisition: The drilling host acts as a Modbus master station, polling and acquiring real-time data from the bus-type sensors via RS485 bus for local display and logical judgment, and synchronously uploading it to the server to realize real-time monitoring of equipment operating status.

[0019] This invention, through the fusion of AI video and RFID technology and localized underground management design, has the following significant technical advantages compared to existing technologies: (1) The accuracy of drill pipe counting has been greatly improved: the dual verification of RFID and AI video is adopted to effectively avoid the identification deviation of single technology in the low light and high dust environment downhole. The accuracy of drill pipe withdrawal counting is ≥99%, and the drilling depth calculation error is ≤0.5%. This solves the problem of inaccurate counting by manual counting and single technology, and ensures the construction quality.

[0020] (2) High efficiency and accuracy in counting of sealing tubes: The entire process of using sealing tubes is automatically counted by using dedicated RFID tags and reading / writing devices, which improves the counting efficiency by more than 80% and the counting accuracy reaches 99%, avoiding the deviation of manual counting, ensuring that the sealing length meets the requirements, and reducing safety hazards such as gas leakage.

[0021] (3) Improved construction management efficiency and simplified operation process: The localized management software is deployed on the drilling host in the well. The downhole operators can directly complete operations such as counting and viewing, parameter input, and ledger generation without the need for the participation of the surface personnel. This reduces the communication cost between the surface and the well, shortens the data synchronization time by more than 90%, and reduces the workload of the surface dispatchers.

[0022] (4) Strong data collaboration and good traceability: The counting data of drill pipe and sealing pipe are linked with the construction management data in real time and stored in the downhole host and the well database. It can be accurately traced by time, borehole number and other dimensions, providing reliable data support for construction quality verification and responsibility identification.

[0023] (5) Strong adaptability to underground environment: All equipment adopts intrinsically safe design for mining, with explosion-proof, dustproof, waterproof and vibration-resistant functions. The AI ​​algorithm is optimized for low light and high dust environment underground to ensure long-term stable operation of the system in harsh environment with a reliability of ≥95%. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the drilling rod and sealing pipe counting management system of the present invention; Figure 2 This is the overall system architecture of the drilling rod and wellbore counting management system of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the collaborative control method for counting drill pipes and sealing pipes in the drilling field according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby providing a clearer and more explicit definition of the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] like Figure 1 The drill pipe and sealing pipe counting management system shown includes a sensing layer, an RFID fusion layer, a transmission layer, and a local application layer. Each layer interacts with data through a standardized mining interface. The core components include drill pipe embedded RFID tags, sealing pipe RFID tags, intrinsically safe mining cameras, mining RFID readers, a backend AI analysis server, an underground drilling host, and localized management software. By constructing a four-layer architecture of "sensing layer - RFID fusion layer - transmission layer - local application layer", RFID electronic tags are embedded inside the drill pipe to achieve unique identification of the drill pipe. AI video analysis technology is integrated to verify and count the drill pipe withdrawal. At the same time, the RFID reader enables automatic counting of the sealing pipe. Localized drilling management software is deployed on the underground drilling host to achieve integrated operation of counting and construction management.

[0027] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 2 The sensing layer, RFID fusion layer, transmission layer, and local application layer are explained in detail.

[0028] The perception layer, acting as a data acquisition terminal, is responsible for collecting drill pipe motion images, drill pipe RFID identification information, borehole sealing pipe RFID identification information, and auxiliary data of the drilling site environment. The core equipment uses intrinsically safe mining cameras: intrinsically safe design, IP65 dustproof and waterproof rating, and lenses equipped with visible light and infrared supplementary lighting modules, suitable for low-light (minimum illumination 0.001 lux) and high-dust environments underground. The cameras are installed on both sides of the drill pipe conveying channel and above the drill rig spindle, with adjustable lens angles to ensure complete coverage of the drill pipe's entry and exit trajectories and connection points. The video collected by the cameras undergoes backend algorithm analysis, pre-loading an improved YOLOv11 drill pipe recognition and trajectory tracking algorithm. This algorithm optimizes the feature extraction network for the underground environment, accurately identifying the drill pipe outline and tracking its movement direction (drill exit), with an accuracy rate ≥95%. The cameras connect to the edge computing nodes of the transmission layer via a mining Ethernet interface, transmitting real-time drill pipe motion video streams and preliminarily identified movement directions and candidate counting signals.

[0029] The RFID fusion layer serves as the identification and recognition terminal for drill pipes and borehole sealing pipes. It is the core component for achieving accurate counting, using customized RFID tags and reading / writing devices to achieve unique identification and precise recognition of drill pipes and borehole sealing pipes. Specifically, it includes: (1) Drill rod embedded RFID tag (hereinafter referred to as drill rod RFID tag): The tag is embedded in the hole using an ultra-high frequency RFID chip and then sealed with epoxy resin to ensure that the tag is firmly bonded to the drill rod and does not affect the strength of the drill rod or its use in construction; each drill rod corresponds to a unique tag, realizing full life cycle traceability of the drill rod; (2) Sealing tube RFID tag: The tag uses a high-frequency RFID chip and is encapsulated in a flexible waterproof structure, which can be directly pasted onto both ends of the sealing tube; the tag has a built-in unique ID code that is associated with the corresponding sealing tube; (3) All intrinsically safe RFID readers and writers for mining applications are explosion-proof certified (Ex ia I Ma): Drill rod RFID reader / writer: It adopts an ultra-high frequency reader / writer module, supports simultaneous identification of multiple tags, and is installed on both sides of the drill rod conveying channel of the drilling rig (corresponding to the position of the AI ​​camera). The reader / writer antenna faces the movement trajectory of the drill rod to ensure stable reading of tag information when the drill rod passes through. The reader / writer is connected to the edge computing node through an RS485 bus to upload the read drill rod ID information in real time. RFID reader / writer for sealing pipes: It adopts a high-frequency reader / writer module and is installed at the exit of the sealing pipe storage area and next to the sealing pipe conveying channel at the drilling site. The reader / writer is equipped with a directional antenna to avoid interference from surrounding metal. The installation position is as close as possible to the drilling position to ensure that the tag can be accurately read when the sealing pipe passes through. The reader / writer is connected to the edge computing node via RS485 bus to upload the sealing pipe ID information in real time.

[0030] The transport layer, acting as a data transmission and preprocessing terminal, is responsible for transmitting data from the sensing layer and RFID fusion layer to the local application layer and performing data preprocessing to ensure data real-time performance and accuracy. Specifically, this includes: (1) Back-end AI analysis server: The back-end AI analysis server is adopted, with built-in data preprocessing software; the core functions include: receiving video streams and preliminary recognition results transmitted by AI cameras, receiving tag information transmitted by RFID readers of drill pipes and sealing pipes, realizing dual verification of AI video recognition and RFID recognition through data fusion algorithms; removing invalid data (such as repeatedly read RFID tags and blurry video frames), and transmitting valid counting data and related information to the local application layer; the edge computing node is connected to the underground drilling host through mining Ethernet, and the data transmission delay is ≤200ms; (2) Intrinsically safe ring network access device for mining: It has explosion-proof certification, is installed near the drilling site, and connects the camera, RFID reader and writer and the underground drilling host to realize the network interconnection of various devices.

[0031] The local application layer, serving as the downhole localized management terminal, mainly includes the following core devices: Downhole drilling host: It adopts embedded hardware and is equipped with an explosion-proof touch screen, which supports use in harsh underground environments; the host connects to the AI ​​analysis server through mining Ethernet to receive real-time counting data, and can also synchronize data with the database of the surface dispatch center through the underground industrial ring network.

[0032] Localized drilling management software: developed based on the QT / C++ programming language and adapted to the operating system of the downhole drilling host.

[0033] The main functions of a downhole drilling rig include: 1) Video input and adjustment - current point video switching, focus adjustment, wiper control, etc.; 2) Task and Drilling Process; 3) Manual counting and adjustment of automatic counting; 4) Sensors directly connected or other terminal host information received and displayed; 5) Lockout output control; 6) Voice intercom operation control (needs to be discussed and finalized whether to use a SIP solution or a pure software solution like WebRTC). 7) Alarm sound and light output; 8) Provides WIFI signal; 9) VDSL cascading; 10) Optical port SC; The downhole drilling host has four modes, and the content displayed on the touch screen can be switched by using the mode switching button; 1) Homepage - Displays the mode menu at the top, along with the drilling task list and the current drilling point video; 2) Video - Video Preview Adjustment; 3) Drilling - Stage process monitoring and execution; 4) Walkie-talkie - voice call.

[0034] A multi-protocol, full-duplex data interaction system was constructed with the drilling host as its core. The host, through an integrated switch and VDSL module, enables remote communication with the backend service (tddims.data) and local connection with field sensing devices (cameras and sensors).

[0035] Uplink: Interaction between the drilling host and backend services The drilling host and cloud backend services adopt a multi-protocol hybrid architecture, selecting the optimal transmission method based on data type and real-time requirements: 1) Real-time audio and video communication (WebRTC) Purpose: Voice intercom. Ensures clear, low-latency two-way voice communication between on-site personnel and the remote monitoring center.

[0036] Protocol: WebRTC. This protocol is designed specifically for real-time audio and video streaming, featuring excellent latency control and network adaptability.

[0037] 2) Real-time data and command interaction (WebSocket) Application: Transmitting various types of data that require high real-time performance.

[0038] Uplink: Real-time reporting of drilling counts, sensor readings, equipment status, alarm information, etc.

[0039] Downlink: Receives real-time control commands from the server, such as task issuance, equipment emergency stop, alarm output, and remote parameter adjustment.

[0040] Protocol: WebSocket. Provides a persistent, full-duplex communication channel, avoiding the latency of HTTP polling and ensuring the immediate delivery of commands and data.

[0041] 3) Basic configuration and management information exchange (HTTP) Purpose: To handle non-real-time, request-response data exchange.

[0042] When the host starts up: it obtains the initial device configuration, drilling point information, operator permissions, etc. from the server.

[0043] Before the task is executed: retrieve the drilling task work order.

[0044] During the process: synchronize operation logs and batch upload confirmed drilling records.

[0045] Protocol: HTTP.

[0046] Downlink: Interaction between the drilling host and field equipment The drilling machine acts as the central hub of the field, connecting and controlling various terminal devices via wired connections. 1) Video surveillance access Equipment: Camera 0, Camera 1.

[0047] Connection: Connect directly to the host's built-in switch via a network cable.

[0048] Functions: The host is responsible for directly accessing multiple video streams locally, performing real-time display, switching, focus control, and forwarding. Ground streaming media devices can independently access the streams or access them through the drilling host's streaming media proxy.

[0049] 2) Sensor data acquisition Equipment: Bus-type sensor 0, Bus-type sensor 1 (may include sensors for pressure, displacement, speed, etc.).

[0050] Protocol and Connection: Adopts the industry-standard MODBUS RTU protocol and connects via RS485 bus.

[0051] Function: The host acts as a Modbus master station, polling and collecting real-time data from each sensor for local display, logical judgment (such as automatic counting), and uploading to the server.

[0052] like Figure 3 As shown, the present invention provides a collaborative control method for counting drill pipes and sealing pipes in a drilling field, comprising the following steps: S1 System initialization and parameter configuration; S2 Data acquisition, fusion verification, and local control; S3 Uplink and downlink linkage; S4 Data traceability and system optimization; This collaborative management and control method takes the downhole drilling host as the core and links various components to realize the integrated counting of drill pipe withdrawal verification, automatic counting of sealing pipe and construction management. The whole process of collaborative management and control is clear, closed-loop and controllable, covering "preliminary preparation - data collection - fusion verification - local management and control - data interaction - post-tracing".

[0053] S1 Preliminary Preparations: System Initialization and Parameter Configuration S11 Equipment Deployment and Debugging: According to the drilling site construction requirements, complete the installation and connection of each layer of components; the intrinsically safe mining cameras of the sensing layer are installed on both sides of the drill pipe conveying channel and above the drilling rig spindle, and the lens angle is adjusted to cover the drill pipe movement trajectory; the RFID fusion layer reading and writing devices are installed on the drill pipe conveying channel and the sealing pipe working face, and the antenna angle is adjusted to avoid metal interference; the edge computing nodes and mining ring network access devices of the transmission layer are connected to each sensing device and the drilling host; the downhole drilling host of the local application layer is deployed in place and completes hardware self-test.

[0054] S12 Tag Binding and System Configuration: Customized RFID tags are bound to drill pipes and sealing pipes. The drill pipes are embedded with UHF RFID tags and sealed, with each drill pipe corresponding to a unique ID. The sealing pipes are attached with RFID tags (HF) at both ends, which are associated with the corresponding sealing pipe information. All tag IDs are entered into the system database.

[0055] S13 Software and Algorithm Initialization: Deploy localized drilling management software (developed in QT / C++) on the downhole drilling host, and complete mode configuration and permission settings; preload the improved YOLOv11 drill pipe recognition and trajectory tracking algorithm on the backend AI analysis server, and complete algorithm parameter optimization (adapting to the low light and high dust environment downhole); configure the communication protocols of each device (RS485, mining Ethernet, WebSocket, etc.) to ensure smooth data interaction, and set the data transmission delay to ≤200ms.

[0056] S14 Task Issuance: The ground client issues the drilling task work order (including drilling point information, construction standards, and counting requirements) to the downhole drilling host through the downhole industrial ring network. The host simultaneously receives information such as the initial equipment configuration and operator permissions, and completes the pre-construction preparation.

[0057] S2 Core Collaboration Process: Data Acquisition - Fusion Verification - Local Control The S21 sensing layer and RFID fusion layer work together to complete multi-source data acquisition. Drill rod related data acquisition: The intrinsically safe mining camera (IP65 dustproof and waterproof, built-in supplementary light) acquires real-time video streams of the drill rod's drilling and retraction movements. Through the built-in preliminary recognition algorithm, the drill rod outline is extracted, the movement direction is tracked (with a focus on identifying the retraction action), and a counting candidate signal is generated. At the same time, the drill rod RFID reader (UHF, explosion-proof certified) scans the passing drill rods, reads the unique ID information of the embedded RFID tag, eliminates duplicate data, and uploads it to the edge computing node of the transmission layer in real time.

[0058] Data collection related to sealing pipes: The RFID reader / writer for sealing pipes (high frequency, explosion-proof certified) is installed at the exit of the sealing pipe storage area and next to the conveyor channel of the work surface. When the sealing pipe passes through, the directional antenna accurately reads the unique ID of the tag, avoids interference from surrounding metal, and uploads the sealing pipe ID information to the edge computing node in real time.

[0059] Auxiliary data acquisition: Bus-type sensors (pressure, displacement, rotation speed, etc.) transmit drilling site environmental data and equipment operating parameters to the downhole drilling host in real time via RS485 bus, providing auxiliary support for construction management.

[0060] S22 Transport Layer Data Preprocessing and Dual Fusion Verification Data aggregation and preprocessing: Edge computing nodes receive video streams and candidate counting signals transmitted from cameras in the perception layer, as well as drill rod and sealing pipe ID information uploaded by the RFID fusion layer. Through built-in data preprocessing software, invalid data (blurred video frames, duplicate RFID tags, and abnormal sensor data) are removed, and data cleaning and standardization are completed.

[0061] AI video and RFID dual verification: The backend AI analysis server runs a data fusion algorithm to compare and verify the drill rod retraction trajectory and counting candidate signals identified by the camera with the drill rod ID information read by the RFID reader. After confirming that the retraction action is real and the RFID tag reading is valid, a valid count of drill rod retraction is generated. Similarly, the RFID tag information of the sealing pipe is verified to generate a valid count of the sealing pipe, ensuring accurate counting (drill rod identification accuracy ≥ 95%).

[0062] Data transmission: Edge computing nodes transmit valid counting data, equipment operating status, video stream clips, and other information to the local application layer downhole drilling host in real time via mining Ethernet, ensuring data real-time performance (transmission latency ≤200ms); at the same time, mining intrinsically safe ring network access devices ensure stable network interconnection of various devices and avoid data packet loss.

[0063] S23 Local Application Layer Collaborative Management and Control, Achieving Integration of Construction and Counting Core control of the drilling host: The downhole drilling host (embedded hardware, explosion-proof touch screen) receives valid counting data, video streams, and sensor data from the transmission layer. It achieves multi-functional collaborative control through local management software. Operators can switch between four modes via the touch screen to complete corresponding operations. Homepage mode: View the mode menu, drilling task list, and real-time video of the current drilling point; real-time display of drill rod retraction count, sealing pipe count, and equipment operating status; Video mode: Preview, switch, focus, and control the wipers for multiple camera feeds to ensure the drill pipe's movement trajectory and the working face are clearly visible; Drilling mode: Monitors the drilling process and executes drilling tasks. Automatic counting parameters can be manually adjusted. If the count is abnormal, it can be manually corrected. At the same time, it receives sensor data feedback to achieve synchronous control of the drilling process and counting. Intercom mode: Enables two-way voice communication between on-site personnel and the ground dispatch center via the WebRTC protocol, allowing for timely feedback on construction progress and receipt of control instructions.

[0064] Anomaly Control and Linkage: When the system detects an anomaly in counting (such as RFID reading failure, AI recognition accuracy not meeting the standard), equipment failure (such as sensor abnormality, camera offline) or construction violation, the drilling host immediately triggers an audible and visual alarm. At the same time, through the interlock output control function, the equipment linkage is realized according to the warning level (such as pausing drilling). The operator can quickly troubleshoot the problem and restore normal operation through the host.

[0065] Local data storage and interaction: The drilling host stores count data, operation logs, video clips and other information in real time. At the same time, through the integrated switch and VDSL module, it realizes two-way data interaction with field equipment and back-end services, ensuring the coordination of local control and remote scheduling.

[0066] S3 Data Interaction and Collaboration: Uplink and Downlink Linkage S31 Uplink: Drilling host and backend service / ground client collaboration Real-time audio and video communication (WebRTC protocol): This protocol enables low-latency two-way voice communication between on-site personnel and the ground dispatch center, ensuring smooth information transmission and timely response to dispatch instructions during construction.

[0067] Real-time data and command interaction (WebSocket protocol): The drilling host reports drill rod / sealing pipe count, sensor readings, equipment status, alarm information, etc. in real time; at the same time, it receives real-time control commands (such as task adjustment, equipment emergency stop, and remote parameter adjustment) issued by the ground server to realize remote management and control.

[0068] Basic configuration and management information interaction (HTTP protocol): When the drilling host starts up, it obtains the initial configuration, drilling point information and operator permissions from the server; before the task is executed, it pulls the drilling task work order; during the construction process, it synchronizes the operation log and uploads the confirmed drilling records in batches to ensure that the local data is synchronized with the ground data.

[0069] S32 downlink: Drilling host and field equipment coordination Video surveillance access: The drilling host directly connects to multiple camera video streams through a built-in switch, enabling local real-time display, switching, and focus control. It can also forward video streams for ground streaming media devices to independently access or access the streams from the host, achieving collaborative local and remote video surveillance.

[0070] Sensor data acquisition: The drilling host acts as a Modbus master station, polling and acquiring real-time data (pressure, displacement, etc.) from bus-type sensors via RS485 bus. This data is used for local display and logical judgment (such as assisting automatic counting), and is synchronously uploaded to the server to realize real-time monitoring of equipment operating status.

[0071] S4 Post-Collaboration: Data Traceability and System Optimization S41 Full Lifecycle Traceability: By using the unique RFID tag ID of drill rods and sealing pipes, combined with the system's stored counting data, operation logs, and video clips, the full lifecycle traceability of drill rod usage and sealing pipe consumption can be achieved, facilitating construction review and consumable management.

[0072] S42 System Optimization: The ground client aggregates the counting data and equipment operation data of each drilling site, analyzes the weak links in the collaborative management process (such as false alarms and communication delays), optimizes algorithm parameters, equipment deployment locations and communication protocols, and realizes OTA updates of the system through the downhole drilling host to continuously improve the efficiency and accuracy of collaborative management.

[0073] The entire collaborative management and control method is based on "four-layer architecture linkage, dual verification guarantee, and local and remote collaboration". The perception layer and RFID fusion layer realize accurate data collection, the transmission layer completes data preprocessing and fusion verification, the local application layer realizes integrated management and control of construction and counting, and the uplink and downlink ensure real-time data interaction. Ultimately, it realizes full-process collaboration of "drill rod withdrawal verification counting, automatic counting of sealing pipe, construction process control, and data traceability", ensuring that drilling construction is standardized, efficient and safe.

[0074] The following examples will illustrate this point.

[0075] (I) Drill pipe retraction counting process (1) Preparation stage: Downhole operators enter basic information such as borehole number and construction location through localized management software, and the system initializes the counting parameters (retraction count = 0, borehole depth = 0).

[0076] (2) Drill Retraction Counting Stage: When drilling is completed or drilling needs to be retracted, the drill rod moves in the opposite direction. The camera identifies the direction of movement as "drill retraction" and generates a candidate signal for drilling retraction count. The drill rod RFID reader reads the drill rod ID information again. The edge computing node matches the "drill retraction direction" with the "drill rod ID". After confirming that there is no error, it is determined to be a valid drilling retraction. The drilling retraction count is incremented by 1, the drilling depth is updated synchronously, and the data is transmitted to the local management software in real time.

[0077] (3) Abnormal handling: If the AI ​​identification direction does not match the RFID reading information (e.g., the AI ​​identifies drilling but does not read the RFID tag, or the read drill rod ID is duplicated), the system will immediately trigger a local audible and visual alarm (pop-up window on the host screen + buzzer prompt) and pause counting. The operator needs to manually check and confirm before counting can be resumed, and the abnormal log will be recorded at the same time.

[0078] (II) Sealing tube counting process Usage Count: When workers use the sealing pipe on the work surface, they scan the sealing pipe tag again with a pre-fixed RFID device (wirelessly connected to the system) to confirm the usage status. The system will increment the usage count by 1 and display it in real time on the software interface. If the pipe is used directly without scanning the tag, the system will not be able to record the usage count.

[0079] (III) Localized Management Process (1) The operators complete the basic information input and parameter settings on the downhole drilling host through localized management software.

[0080] (2) During the construction process, the software displays the drill rod withdrawal count, drilling depth, sealing pipe usage count and drilling rig construction parameters in real time.

[0081] (3) After the construction is completed, the operators can export the counting ledger and construction records through the software without the need for the personnel on the surface to participate in the operation; at the same time, the data can be uploaded to the database of the well dispatch center through the data synchronization module to realize data sharing.

[0082] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: Embedded RFID in drill pipe and AI video fusion counting: RFID tags are embedded inside the drill pipe to achieve unique identification, and combined with AI video trajectory tracking to achieve dual verification counting, overcoming the limitations of single technology in harsh downhole environments and ensuring accurate drill withdrawal counting; Precise RFID counting for sealing tubes: Customized flexible RFID tags are used to uniquely identify sealing tubes, and RFID reading and writing devices are used to count throughout the entire usage process, solving the problems of low efficiency and poor accuracy of manual counting; Localized management software deployment in the well: Deploy the drilling management software on the drilling host in the well to realize localized operations such as counting, construction parameter input, and ledger generation, eliminating tedious operations for surface personnel, improving management efficiency, and reducing data transmission delays and distortions.

[0083] It should be noted that if there is no Ethernet coverage underground, the wired transmission of the transmission layer can be replaced with mining 5G wireless transmission to achieve wireless data transmission with the underground drilling host. This solution is suitable for scenarios where drilling sites are scattered and wiring is difficult, but it is necessary to ensure 5G signal coverage underground. If the corresponding algorithm execution time is considered, the AI ​​algorithm can be changed from the back-end AI analysis server to the front-end smart camera for local deployment, and the front-end smart camera can complete the drill rod recognition and trajectory tracking.

[0084] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape, principle and application direction of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A counting and management system for drill pipes and sealing pipes in a drilling site, characterized in that, It includes a sensing layer, an RFID fusion layer, a transmission layer, and a local application layer; The sensing layer is used to collect drill pipe motion images, drill pipe RFID identification information, borehole pipe RFID identification information, and drilling site environment auxiliary data. The RFID fusion layer is connected to the sensing layer, and through RFID tags and reading / writing devices, it realizes the unique identification and accurate recognition of drill rods and sealing pipes; The transmission layer is connected to the RFID fusion layer and the local application layer respectively. It is used to preprocess the data of the sensing layer and the RFID fusion layer to ensure the real-time performance and accuracy of the data, and transmit the preprocessed data to the local application layer. The local application layer is connected to the surface dispatch center and is used to receive real-time counting data and synchronize data with the surface dispatch center database through the underground industrial ring network.

2. The drilling pipe and sealing pipe counting management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensing layer uses an intrinsically safe mining camera, which is installed on both sides of the drill rod conveying channel of the drilling rig and above the main shaft of the drilling rig.

3. The drilling pipe and sealing pipe counting management system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The RFID fusion layer includes drill pipe embedded RFID tags, sealing pipe RFID tags, and intrinsically safe RFID reading and writing devices for mining.

4. The drilling pipe and wellbore counting management system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The transport layer includes a backend AI analysis server and an intrinsically safe ring network access device for mining.

5. A collaborative control method for drilling rod and wellbore counting in a drilling site based on the drilling rod and wellbore counting management system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1 System Initialization and Parameter Configuration: According to the drilling site construction requirements, complete the equipment deployment and debugging, bind RFID tags to drill pipes and sealing pipes, complete the software and algorithm initialization, and issue tasks; S2 Data Acquisition-Fusion Verification-Local Control: Through the collaboration of the perception layer and the RFID fusion layer, multi-source data acquisition is completed. Through data preprocessing and dual fusion verification at the transmission layer, and through collaborative control at the local application layer, construction and counting are integrated. S3 Uplink and Downlink Linkage: Through collaboration between the drilling host, backend services, ground clients, and field equipment, remote and local synchronization is achieved; S4 Data Traceability and System Optimization: By using the unique RFID tag IDs of drill pipes and sealing pipes, combined with the system's stored counting data, operation logs, and video clips, the entire lifecycle of drill pipe usage and sealing pipe consumption can be traced. The system can be updated OTA through the downhole drilling host, continuously improving the efficiency and accuracy of collaborative management.

6. The method for coordinated control of drill pipe and sealing pipe counting in drilling sites according to claim 5, characterized in that, Step S1 specifically includes the following steps: S11 Equipment Deployment and Debugging: The intrinsically safe mining cameras in the sensing layer are installed on both sides of the drill rod conveying channel and above the drill rig spindle. The lens angle is adjusted to cover the drill rod movement trajectory. The intrinsically safe mining RFID reader / writer is installed on the drill rod conveying channel and the sealing pipe working face. The antenna angle is adjusted to avoid metal interference. The edge computing nodes of the transmission layer, the mining ring network access devices, and the various sensing devices and drilling hosts are connected to the network; the local application layer underground drilling hosts are deployed in place and complete hardware self-testing. S12 Tag Binding and System Configuration: Customized RFID tags are bound to drill pipes and sealing pipes. RFID tags are embedded in the drill pipes and sealed, with each drill pipe corresponding to a unique ID. RFID tags for sealing pipes are affixed to both ends of the sealing pipes, associating them with the corresponding sealing pipe information. All tag IDs are entered into the system database. S13 Software and Algorithm Initialization: Deploy localized drilling management software on the downhole drilling host and complete mode configuration and permission settings; preload the improved YOLOv11 drill pipe recognition and trajectory tracking algorithm on the backend AI analysis server and complete algorithm parameter optimization; configure the communication protocols of each device to ensure smooth data interaction and set the data transmission delay to ≤200ms; S14 Task Issuance: The ground client issues the drilling task work order to the downhole drilling host through the downhole industrial ring network. The host receives the information synchronously and completes the pre-construction preparation.

7. The method for coordinated control of drill pipe and sealing pipe counting in drilling sites according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step S2 specifically includes the following steps: The S21 sensing layer and RFID fusion layer work together to complete multi-source data acquisition: Drill rod related data acquisition: The intrinsically safe mining camera collects real-time video streams of the drill rod's advance and retraction movements. Through the built-in preliminary recognition algorithm, the drill rod outline is extracted, the movement direction is tracked, and candidate counting signals are generated. At the same time, the drill rod RFID reader scans the passing drill rod, reads the unique ID information of the embedded RFID tag, eliminates duplicate data, and uploads it to the edge computing node of the transmission layer in real time. Data collection related to sealing pipes: The RFID reading and writing device for sealing pipes is installed at the exit of the sealing pipe storage area and next to the conveyor channel of the work surface. When the sealing pipe passes through, the directional antenna accurately reads the unique ID of the tag, avoids interference from surrounding metal, and uploads the sealing pipe ID information to the edge computing node in real time. Auxiliary data acquisition: Bus-type sensors transmit drilling site environmental data and equipment operating parameters to the downhole drilling host in real time via RS485 bus, providing auxiliary support for construction management; S22 Transport Layer Data Preprocessing and Dual Fusion Verification: Data aggregation and preprocessing: The edge computing node receives the video stream and counting candidate signal transmitted by the intrinsically safe camera in the perception layer, as well as the drill rod and sealing pipe ID information uploaded by the RFID fusion layer. Through the built-in data preprocessing software, invalid data is removed, and data cleaning and standardization are completed. AI video and RFID dual verification: The back-end AI analysis server runs a data fusion algorithm to compare and verify the drill rod retraction trajectory and counting candidate signals identified by the camera with the drill rod ID information read by the drill rod RFID reader. After confirming that the retraction action is real and the RFID tag reading is valid, a valid count of drill rod retraction is generated. Similarly, the RFID tag information of the sealing pipe is verified to generate a valid count of the sealing pipe, ensuring accurate counting. Data transmission: Edge computing nodes transmit effective information to the local application layer downhole drilling host in real time via mining Ethernet to ensure data real-time performance; at the same time, intrinsically safe mining ring network access devices ensure stable network interconnection of various devices and avoid data packet loss. S23 Local application layer collaborative management and control, realizing the integration of construction and counting: Drilling host core control: The downhole drilling host receives valid counting data, video streams and sensor data sent from the transmission layer, and realizes multi-functional collaborative control through local management software. Operators can switch between multiple modes through the touch screen to complete the corresponding operations. Anomaly Control and Linkage: When the system detects an abnormal count, equipment failure, or construction violation, the drilling host immediately triggers an audible and visual alarm. At the same time, through the interlock output control function, the equipment is linked according to the warning level. The operator can quickly troubleshoot the problem and restore normal operation through the host. Local data storage and interaction: The drilling host stores information in real time, and at the same time, through the integrated switch and VDSL module, it realizes two-way data interaction with field equipment and back-end services, ensuring the coordination of local control and remote scheduling.

8. The method for coordinated control of drill pipe and sealing pipe counting in drilling sites according to claim 7, characterized in that, The various touchscreen switching modes include: Homepage mode: View the mode menu, drilling task list, and real-time video of the current drilling point; real-time display of drill rod retraction count, sealing pipe count, and equipment operating status; Video mode: Preview, switch, focus, and control the wipers for multiple camera feeds to ensure the drill pipe's movement trajectory and the working face are clearly visible; Drilling mode: Monitors the drilling process and executes drilling tasks. Automatic counting parameters can be manually adjusted. If the count is abnormal, it can be manually corrected. At the same time, it receives sensor data feedback to achieve synchronous control of the drilling process and counting. Intercom mode: Enables two-way voice communication between on-site personnel and the ground dispatch center via the WebRTC protocol, allowing for timely feedback on construction progress and receipt of control instructions.

9. The method for coordinated control of drill pipe and sealing pipe counting in drilling sites according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step S3 specifically includes the following steps: S31 drilling host and backend service / ground client collaboration: Real-time audio and video communication: This protocol enables low-latency two-way voice communication between on-site personnel and the ground dispatch center, ensuring smooth information transmission and timely response to dispatch instructions during construction. Real-time data and command interaction: The drilling host reports drill rod and sealing pipe counts, sensor readings, equipment status, and alarm information in real time; at the same time, it receives real-time control commands from the ground server to achieve remote management and control; Basic configuration and management information interaction: When the drilling host starts up, it obtains the initial configuration, drilling point information and operator permissions from the server; before the task is executed, it retrieves the drilling task work order; during the construction process, it synchronizes the operation log and uploads the confirmed drilling records in batches to ensure that the local data is synchronized with the ground data. S32 drilling host and field equipment coordination: Video surveillance access: The drilling host directly connects to multiple camera video streams through a built-in switch, enabling local real-time display, switching, and focus control. It can also forward video streams for ground streaming media devices to independently access or access the streams through the host, achieving collaborative local and remote video surveillance. Sensor data acquisition: The drilling host acts as a Modbus master station, polling and acquiring real-time data from the bus-type sensors via RS485 bus for local display and logical judgment, and synchronously uploading it to the server to realize real-time monitoring of equipment operating status.

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