Wheel casting cooling system based on tire bead seat filling, casting apparatus and method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of anti-gravity casting, and particularly discloses a wheel casting cooling system based on outer bead seat filling, a casting device and a method, the cooling system comprising: a top die cooling unit, three top die annular water cooling channels located at spoke positions, two top die annular water cooling channels arranged at both sides of an inner rim, and a wind cooling channel arranged at a middle position of a rim; a bottom die cooling unit, water cooling channels located at a wheel core and bolt positions; three bottom die annular cooling channels arranged outward from the wheel core at spoke positions; and a side die cooling unit, a first side die wind cooling channel arranged at a rim position, and a second side die wind cooling channel arranged at each sprue upper and lower position; the application can control wheel casting defects, significantly improve the mechanical properties of each part of a large-size wheel, shorten a casting process beat, and improve production efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of casting equipment technology, and in particular to a wheel casting cooling system, casting equipment and method based on a tire bead seat filling mold. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional low-pressure casting technology for aluminum alloy wheels typically employs a single-gate, single-riser filling technique. This involves placing a riser pipe at the center of the wheel, where molten metal enters the mold cavity and completes filling and solidification. While this method is simple to design and easy to implement, its drawbacks include a long feeding distance. To ensure solidification follows the designed sequence of upper rim, wheel rim, lower rim, spokes, and wheel core, significant process allowances are typically added during the design of the wheel casting and the product itself. This results in a slower solidification sequence, coarser microstructure in the last solidified area, and poorer mechanical properties, hindering lightweight design and casting cost control.

[0003] In existing technologies, cooling systems are typically added to the mold to help control the solidification sequence of the casting and reduce the mold temperature, aiming to improve casting performance and production efficiency. CN101837442B discloses a low-pressure casting wheel cooling process, which uses an electromagnetic metering pump to inject water into a water-air mixed cooling channel to form water mist. The water mist cooling process is used to target different air ducts with water mist cooling or air cooling to cool the mold. The cooling medium is a mixture of water and air, which acts directly on the mold surface, causing the mold to cool from 490℃~470℃ to 430℃~410℃ within 40~60s, a temperature reduction of approximately 40~80℃. CN108326258B discloses a differential pressure casting machine and its annular cooling system, including a high-pressure compressed gas source, a water source, a cooling water pipe, a cooling air duct, a dual-fluid atomizing nozzle, and an annular pipe. The cooling water pipe is connected to the water source, and the cooling air duct is connected to the compressed gas source. The cooling water pipe and the cooling air duct are connected to the dual-fluid atomizing nozzle on the other side. The dual-fluid atomizing nozzle is connected to the atomizing annular pipe arranged around the mold. The inner side of the annular pipe has an annular slit aligned with the hot spot of the mold. Every two dual-fluid atomizing nozzles are arranged opposite each other in the atomizing annular pipe at a certain angle. Each set of dual-fluid atomizing nozzles sprays water mist at an angle and enters the atomizing annular pipe. After colliding and crossing each other inside the pipe, the water mist is sprayed out from the annular slit on the inner side of the atomizing annular pipe, forming an annular spray that is sprayed onto the mold for uniform cooling.

[0004] However, the cooling systems described above still have unresolved problems. They all aim to achieve unidirectional sequential solidification from the outermost inner rim to the gate to ensure feeding. However, due to the thin wall thickness of the wheel rim and the long filling distance, the temperature at the leading edge of the molten metal drops extremely rapidly when filling the thin-walled rim. To prevent premature solidification at the thin-walled area, leading to cold shuts or insufficient filling, the filling temperature of the molten metal must be significantly increased. However, the long-distance flow of the high-temperature molten metal results in coarse grains in the casting, significantly reducing its mechanical properties. Furthermore, the traditional single-gate process has only one main feeding channel (from the wheel core to the rim), which easily leads to isolated hot spots in areas far from the gate. Once the thin-walled section in the middle (such as the rim) solidifies first, closing the channel, the distant hot spots lose their feeding source, easily resulting in concentrated shrinkage cavities and porosity defects.

[0005] Furthermore, the opening and closing times of the aforementioned cooling system depend on the thermocouple signal, leading to the following problems: 1) Thermocouple signals usually have a certain delay, and the opening and closing times of each thermocouple need to be calibrated through a large number of experiments; 2) Thermocouple temperature measurement results are easily affected by factors such as the contact between the thermocouple and the mold and the ambient temperature, resulting in inaccurate temperature measurement results; 3) The overall opening time of the cooling system is relatively short, and its effect on reducing mold temperature is limited. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a wheel casting cooling system, casting equipment, and method based on the outer tire bead seat filling mold. By combining multiple cooling channels and adjusting the opening sequence of each channel, the traditional single-sequence solidification path is redesigned into four directions, reducing the effective solidification and feeding distance of all areas by more than half. This ensures that distant parts are covered by the short feeding channels, fundamentally eliminating the risk of premature solidification in thin-walled sections, avoiding concentrated shrinkage cavities and porosity defects, and significantly improving the mechanical properties of all parts of the wheel, especially the spokes and wheel core.

[0007] The complete technical solution of this invention includes: The wheel casting cooling system based on the outer tire bead seat filling type includes: a top mold cooling unit, a bottom mold cooling unit, and a side mold cooling unit; The top mold cooling unit includes: a first top mold annular water cooling channel 1, a second top mold annular water cooling channel 2 and a third top mold annular water cooling channel 3 located at the spoke position; a fourth top mold annular water cooling channel 4 provided on the inner side of the upper rim at the top of the wheel; a fifth top mold annular water cooling channel 5 provided on the outer side of the upper rim; and a first top mold air cooling channel 6 provided at the middle position of the rim. The bottom mold cooling unit includes: a bottom mold wheel core water cooling channel 7 located at the wheel core, a bottom mold bolt water cooling channel 8 located at the wheel bolt position, and a first bottom mold annular cooling channel 9, a second bottom mold annular cooling channel 10, and a third bottom mold annular cooling channel 11 located at the wheel spoke position; The side mold cooling unit includes: a first side mold air cooling channel 12 provided at the rim position of the wheel, and a second side mold air cooling channel 13 provided at the gate position.

[0008] During the wheel casting process, the wheel casting cooling system cools the wheel in four directions: from the upper rim to the gate, from the middle of the spokes to the gate, from the middle of the spokes to the center riser, and from the lower rim to the gate, to achieve sequential solidification in four directions.

[0009] Furthermore, the distance between the first bottom mold annular cooling channel 9 and the wheel core is less than the distance between the second bottom mold annular cooling channel 10 and the wheel core, the distance between the second bottom mold annular cooling channel 10 and the wheel core is less than the distance between the third bottom mold annular cooling channel 11 and the wheel core, and the second side mold air cooling channel 13 is located on the upper and lower sides of each gate.

[0010] Furthermore, solidification proceeds sequentially from the upper rim to the gate direction. The opening sequence of the cooling channels is as follows: the fifth top mold annular water cooling channel 5, the fourth top mold annular water cooling channel 4, the first top mold air cooling channel 6, the third top mold annular water cooling channel 3, and the second side mold air cooling channel 13 are opened in sequence.

[0011] Furthermore, the sequential solidification from the center of the spokes to the gate is achieved through two sets of cooling channels, which are opened in the following order: 1. First, simultaneously open the second top mold annular water cooling channel 2 and the second bottom mold annular cooling channel 10, and then open the third top mold annular water cooling channel 3. 2. Sequentially open the third bottom mold annular cooling channel 11 and the second side mold air cooling channel 13.

[0012] Furthermore, the sequential solidification from the center of the spokes to the central riser is achieved through two sets of cooling channels, which are opened in the following order: 1. First, simultaneously open the second top mold annular water cooling channel 2 and the second bottom mold annular cooling channel 10, and then open the first bottom mold annular cooling channel 9. 2. Sequentially open the first top mold annular water cooling channel 1, the bottom mold bolt water cooling channel 8, and the bottom mold wheel core water cooling channel 7.

[0013] Furthermore, the solidification proceeds sequentially from the lower rim to the gate direction. The opening sequence of the cooling channels is as follows: the first side mold air cooling channel 12 and the second side mold air cooling channel 13 are opened sequentially.

[0014] Furthermore, the wheel casting equipment includes the wheel casting cooling system, wherein the wheel is a five-spoke wheel.

[0015] Furthermore, the wheel casting equipment uses a pressure system to make the molten metal rise from the riser pipe and enter the mold cavity through the pouring structure and the gate on the mold. The gate on the mold is opened at the position of the outer tire bead seat of the wheel, and the molten metal is poured in horizontally.

[0016] Furthermore, a method for casting wheels using the aforementioned wheel casting equipment.

[0017] Furthermore, a method for casting wheels using the aforementioned wheel casting equipment.

[0018] The advantages of this invention over the prior art are: 1. This invention is based on the multi-gate tire bead seat filling process. By using a mold cooling system, the solidification sequence of the traditional low-pressure casting single-gate process of wheels is adjusted to four directions. This reduces the filling and solidification feeding distance of all areas of the wheel by more than half, significantly reducing the risk of the molten metal temperature at the front edge during filling. It ensures that each area of ​​the wheel receives sufficient molten metal feeding during solidification and effectively controls related casting defects.

[0019] 2. This invention employs a bottom-filling method, and the cooling system design significantly reduces the feeding distance, allowing for a 20°C reduction in pouring temperature and a 50°C reduction in mold temperature compared to traditional processes. Furthermore, based on a multi-gate rim casting process, this invention replaces the localized insulation or air-proofing structures of traditional low-pressure wheel casting molds with a mold cooling process, significantly shortening the casting cycle time, improving production efficiency, and reducing manufacturing costs. The cooling scheme designed in this invention enables rapid solidification in all areas of the casting, which is beneficial for refining the casting microstructure and significantly improving the mechanical properties of the wheel, especially the spoke and core areas. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the top mold cooling unit.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom mold cooling unit.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the side mold cooling unit.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the casting structure of a wheel casting equipment with a cooling system.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a top view of the gating system.

[0025] In the diagram: 1-First top mold annular water cooling channel, 2-Second top mold annular water cooling channel, 3-Third top mold annular water cooling channel, 4-Fourth top mold annular water cooling channel, 5-Fifth top mold annular water cooling channel, 6-First top mold air cooling channel, 7-Bottom mold wheel core water cooling channel, 8-Bottom mold bolt water cooling channel, 9-First bottom mold annular cooling channel, 10-Second bottom mold annular cooling channel, 11-Third bottom mold annular cooling channel, 12-First side mold air cooling channel, 13-Second side mold air cooling channel, 14-Gating gate, 15-First gating channel, 16-Second gating channel, 17-Third gating channel. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0027] This invention discloses a wheel casting cooling system based on the outer tire bead seat filling mold. The wheel casting equipment used is used to cast wheels with targeted designs. The targeted design refers to a wheel structure with five spokes and weight reduction designs on the spokes and wheel core. In view of the above characteristics, the wheel casting cooling system of this invention adjusts the solidification sequence of the traditional low-pressure casting single gate process of wheels to four directions: from the upper rim to the gate, from the middle position of the spokes to the gate, from the middle position of the spokes to the center riser, and from the lower rim to the gate. For this purpose, the cooling system designed in this invention includes: a top mold cooling unit, a bottom mold cooling unit, and a side mold cooling unit.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, the top mold cooling unit includes a first annular water cooling channel 1 located at the spoke position, with a distance of 75mm to 85mm from the wheel core; a second annular water cooling channel 2 located at the spoke position, with a distance of 120mm to 130mm from the wheel core; and a third annular water cooling channel 3 located at the spoke position, with a distance of 180mm to 200mm from the wheel core. These three annular water cooling channels cool the spoke position sequentially from the outside to the inside, and are located on a horizontal plane.

[0029] A fourth annular water cooling channel 4 is provided on the inner side of the upper rim of the casting, at a distance of 200mm to 220mm from the wheel core; a fifth annular water cooling channel 5 is provided on the outer side of the upper rim, at a distance of 290mm to 310mm from the wheel core. The above two annular water cooling channels cool the upper rim sequentially from the inner and outer sides of the rim, respectively, and their height is higher than that of the first annular water cooling channel 1, the second annular water cooling channel 2, and the third annular water cooling channel 3.

[0030] In addition, it also includes a first top mold air cooling channel 6 set in the middle of the rim, which is 190mm to 200mm away from the wheel core.

[0031] like Figure 2 As shown, the bottom mold cooling unit includes a bottom mold wheel core water cooling channel 7 located at the wheel core, and a bottom mold bolt water cooling channel 8 located at the wheel bolt position. This bottom mold bolt water cooling channel 8 is composed of five water cooling channels (corresponding to the five spoke junctions) connected in series, with the bottom mold bolt water cooling channel 8 located 45mm to 55mm from the wheel core. A first bottom mold annular cooling channel 9 is located at the spoke position, extending outwards from the wheel core, with a distance of 100mm to 115mm from the wheel core; a second bottom mold annular cooling channel 10 is located 160mm to 170mm from the wheel core; and a third bottom mold annular cooling channel 11 is located 215mm to 230mm from the wheel core. Preferably, the first bottom mold annular cooling channel 9, the second bottom mold annular cooling channel 10, and the third bottom mold annular cooling channel 11 are water cooling channels.

[0032] like Figure 3 As shown, the side mold cooling unit includes a first side mold air cooling channel 12 provided at the earlier solidification position on each side of the wheel; and a second side mold air cooling channel 13 provided above and below each gate.

[0033] Based on the cooling method of low-pressure casting of multi-gate wheels with lower rims, the solidification sequence of the wheels is designed in four directions: 1. The cooling and solidification direction from the upper rim to the gate involves the following cooling channels and the order of opening the cooling channels: the fifth top mold annular water cooling channel 5, the fourth top mold annular water cooling channel 4, the first top mold air cooling channel 6, the third top mold annular water cooling channel 3, and the second side mold air cooling channel 13 are opened in sequence.

[0034] 2. From the center of the spokes to the gate, there are two sets of cooling channels, and their opening sequence is as follows: 2.1. First, simultaneously open the second top mold annular water cooling channel 2 and the second bottom mold annular cooling channel 10, and then open the third top mold annular water cooling channel 3. 2.2 Sequentially open the third bottom mold annular cooling channel 11 and the second side mold air cooling channel 13.

[0035] 3. From the center of the spokes to the center wheel hub, there are two sets of cooling channels, which open in the following order: 3.1 First, open the second top mold annular water cooling channel 2 and the second bottom mold annular cooling channel 10, and then open the first bottom mold annular cooling channel 9; 3.2 Sequentially open the first top mold annular water cooling channel 1, the bottom mold bolt water cooling channel 8, and the bottom mold wheel core water cooling channel 7.

[0036] 4. From the lower rim to the gate, the cooling channels involved and their opening sequence are as follows: the first side mold air cooling channel 12 and the second side mold air cooling channel 13 are opened sequentially. This invention is based on the multi-gate outer tire bead seat filling process. By using a mold cooling system, the solidification sequence of the traditional low-pressure casting single-gate process of wheels is adjusted to four directions. This reduces the filling and solidification feeding distance of all areas of the wheel by more than half, significantly reducing the risk of the molten metal temperature at the front edge during filling. It ensures that each area of ​​the wheel receives sufficient feeding during solidification, thereby effectively controlling related casting defects. Because this invention uses a bottom-filling method, the feeding distance is significantly reduced, which can appropriately lower the pouring temperature by 20°C and the mold temperature by 50°C compared to traditional processes. Based on the multi-gate process of wheel rims, the mold cooling process replaces the local heat preservation or processing of the void structure of the traditional low-pressure casting mold for wheels, which significantly shortens the casting process cycle, improves production efficiency, and reduces manufacturing costs. The cooling scheme designed in this invention allows all areas of the casting to solidify quickly, which is conducive to the refinement of the casting structure and significantly improves the mechanical properties of the wheel, especially significantly improving the mechanical properties of the spoke and wheel core parts.

[0037] Based on the above-described wheel casting cooling system for the outer tire bead seat filling mold, the casting process for filling and solidifying the wheel is as follows: A low-pressure casting method is used. The low-pressure casting machine includes a holding furnace containing molten metal. Through the gas pressure of the pressure system, the molten metal rises through the riser pipe and enters the mold. Figure 4 As shown, the riser pipe connects to the sprue cup at the top, and the sprue cup is connected to the mold cavity through the gating structure. The sprue 14 on the mold is located at the outer tire bead seat of the wheel, and a riser is provided at the wheel core position. The above filling method is to overcome the problems in the prior art, where filling only from the rim leads to flow diversion and uncontrollable solidification sequence; the use of a combination of center sprue and side sprues for filling is prone to breakage due to poor gas discharge; and filling the annular surface directly below the wheel rim can easily cause insufficient strength.

[0038] Furthermore, existing wheel designs employ multiple gates on the outer side, where molten metal enters the mold cavity vertically or obliquely. Due to the abrupt change in area, this results in abrupt changes in flow pattern, easily leading to turbulent flow, air entrapment, and oxidation inclusions. To address these issues, this invention first optimizes the filling position by selecting the location of the lower rim of the wheel's outer bead seat as the filling inlet. It also employs a casting structure including multiple casting channels. The molten metal rises vertically in the riser pipe under gas pressure, then transitions to a horizontal flow through the casting structure, horizontally filling the gate on the outer bead seat. This achieves as smooth and synchronous liquid entry as possible along the circumference of the outer bead seat, increasing the entry area while simultaneously reducing the molten metal velocity, resulting in smoother filling, reduced turbulent flow, and less secondary oxidation inclusions caused by air entrapment during the filling process.

[0039] Secondly, since the wheel to be formed in this invention has a five-spoke structure, and the five-spoke wheel has an asymmetrical structure with an included angle of 72° between each spoke, the casting process of wheels usually adopts a symmetrical type (2, 3, 4 pouring channels, etc.). For the asymmetrical five-spoke wheel, when using symmetrical multi-channel filling, the pouring time of different spokes will be different, which will easily cause the filling time of each spoke to be inconsistent, resulting in problems such as air entrapment and uncontrollable solidification sequence, which can easily lead to casting defects. Therefore, when casting a five-spoke wheel, the gating system structure of the wheel is designed to avoid the above problems.

[0040] Based on the above considerations, this invention has made targeted designs for the wheel structure and cast structural components, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the casting structure includes four casting channels of three different structures: a first casting channel 15, a second casting channel 16, and two third casting channels 17. The included angle between the four casting channels is 90°.

[0041] Furthermore, due to the adoption of a horizontal pouring method using a pouring channel, which differs from existing technologies, the two pouring channels handle different numbers of spokes, resulting in significant differences in the flow area and arc length. Consequently, the flow behavior will exhibit marked differences. The molten metal flow field is highly sensitive to the channel cross-sectional characteristics and process parameters: cross-sections with abrupt area changes and high irregularity can lead to turbulent flow and air entrapment, and mismatches between filling speed and pressure can cause uneven filling.

[0042] Therefore, it is necessary to design the relevant dimensional parameters of the pouring channels for both structures to ensure smooth and rapid filling, avoid air entrapment, turbulence, and casting defects, and minimize the amount of molten metal used. Specifically: First, define the design parameters for the gating system, including: 1) Effective flow area : refers to the cross-sectional area of ​​the upper surface of the pouring channel; 2) Profile feature value W: is the ratio of the perimeter of the profile of the upper surface of the pouring channel to the perimeter of a circle with the same area as the pouring channel.

[0043] The following constraints are adopted:

[0044] In the formula, The effective flow area of ​​the second pouring channel. This refers to the effective flow area of ​​other pouring channels.

[0045]

[0046] In the formula, The profile feature value of the second pouring channel. These are the contour feature values ​​for other pouring channels.

[0047] and:

[0048] In determining the above indicators, the five-spoke wheel casting system of this invention adopts a distribution method of 1 single-spoke channel + 2 double-spoke channels. The effective flow area directly determines the flow capacity and is the core of flow matching; the profile feature value determines the regularity of the cross-section and is the core of controlling flow resistance and eddies. The two indicators work together to limit the effective flow area ratio, reduce the time difference of the molten metal reaching the spokes, and avoid the problem of some spokes being filled too quickly and others too slowly. Through the constraint of the profile feature value, the liquid flow separation and eddies caused by rapidly expanding cross-sections and highly irregular cross-sections are avoided, allowing the molten metal to maintain a laminar / weakly turbulent state in the channel, greatly reducing the probability of the cavity gas being trapped, and achieving a balance between quality, efficiency and cost.

[0049] Based on the above principles and after practical verification, the angles between each pouring channel and each spoke pouring inlet were designed, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the first pouring channel 15 is directly opposite a spoke, and there are two third pouring channels 17 on its two sides. The two third pouring channels 17 are also directly opposite a spoke. The second pouring channel 16 is symmetrically arranged relative to the first pouring channel 15, that is, the angle between the two is 180°. The second pouring channel 16 is located in the middle of the two spokes.

[0050] Each pouring channel includes an initial pouring area and an extended pouring area connecting the initial pouring area and the runner. The top view of the initial pouring area is semi-circular, and the shape of each type of extended pouring area is different. From the top view, taking the lower rim surface of the wheel as the reference surface and the line connecting the center of each pouring channel to the wheel core as the reference, the angle between the line connecting the center of the first pouring channel 15 to the wheel core and the side of the first pouring channel 15 in the clockwise direction is α1=20°, and the angle between the line connecting the center of the first pouring channel 15 to the side of the first pouring channel 15 in the counterclockwise direction is α2=8°. The angle between the line connecting the center of the second pouring channel 16 and the wheel core and the side of the second pouring channel 16 in the clockwise direction is γ2=40°, and the angle between the line connecting the center of the second pouring channel 16 and the side of the second pouring channel 16 in the counterclockwise direction is γ1=40°. The angle between the line connecting the center of the third pouring channel 17 and the wheel core and the side of the third pouring channel 17 in the clockwise direction is β2=12°, and the angle between the line connecting the center of the third pouring channel 17 and the side of the third pouring channel 17 in the counterclockwise direction is β1=40°.

[0051] Effective flow area of ​​the first pouring channel: 630-730 cm²2 The effective flow area of ​​the second pouring channel is 810–910 cm². 2 The effective flow area of ​​the third pouring channel is 630–730 cm². 2 .

[0052] Verification has shown that the above design allows for a larger area of ​​the feed inlets on each spoke at the set filling speed, with closer filling distances and a lower overall filling speed. The molten metal filling speed does not exceed 0.5 m / s, eliminating turbulence and air entrapment, and resulting in smoother bottom-up filling. Furthermore, the short filling process, with the areas of longest contact time between the molten metal and air primarily located at the upper rim and center riser, effectively eliminates heat spots at the spoke-rim junction. The temperature at the molten metal front during filling is not lower than 606℃, eliminating the risk of incomplete pouring.

[0053] The method for forming wheels using the above-mentioned device includes a liquid-lifting stage, a filling stage, a shell-forming stage, an extrusion, pressurization, and pressure-holding stage, and a pressure-relieving and venting stage. The molten metal used is molten aluminum, and the specific steps are as follows: (1) Liquid rising stage: The high-pressure gas source is controlled by the pressure system to pressurize the aluminum liquid in the holding furnace, so that the aluminum liquid rises along the liquid rising pipe to a position about 100mm below the casting structure under pressure. The pressurization rate in this stage is 13mbar~18mbar / s, and the pressure is increased to 110mbar-130mbar.

[0054] (2) Filling stage: Continue to increase the pressure. The liquid rising rate in this stage is 4mbar / s to 6mbar / s, and the pressure is increased to 220mbar-240mbar, so that the aluminum liquid fills the cavity through the casting structure and the gate.

[0055] (3) Shell formation stage: After the filling stage is completed, the pressure is increased to 230mbar-250mbar at a pressurization rate of 2mbar / s to 4mbar / s, so that part of the aluminum liquid solidifies and forms a shell.

[0056] (4) The extrusion, pressurization, and holding stages include: ① After the crust formation process is completed, the pressure is rapidly increased to 800 mbar at a pressurization rate of 30 mbar to 60 mbar / s, and the pressure is maintained for 100 to 120 seconds. At this time, the wheel solidification is completed. ② After the filling stage ends and the timer reaches 50-70 seconds, start the extrusion cylinder, which drives the extrusion pin connected to it to move downwards from the initial position by 40-50 mm at a speed of 2 mm / s to 5 mm / s (the initial extrusion position and stroke vary depending on the wheel center structure) and hold it in this position for 50-70 seconds. After that, driven by the extrusion cylinder, the extrusion pin is withdrawn to the initial position, that is, separated from the extruded wheel, so as to avoid affecting the normal demolding of the product.

[0057] (5) Pressure relief and exhaust stage: After the pressure holding stage is completed, that is, the aluminum alloy wheel is solidified, the gas pressure in the heat preservation furnace is released, so that the unsolidified aluminum liquid in the riser pipe and the gate flows back into the heat preservation furnace. Then, the wheel is kept in the mold for 70s to 100s before the mold is opened and the part is removed.

[0058] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation on the present invention. Any simple modifications, alterations, or equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wheel casting cooling method based on the outer tire bead seat filling mold, characterized in that, A wheel casting cooling system based on the outer tire bead seat filling mold is adopted, which includes: a top mold cooling unit, a bottom mold cooling unit, and a side mold cooling unit. The top mold cooling unit includes: a first top mold annular water cooling channel (1), a second top mold annular water cooling channel (2) and a third top mold annular water cooling channel (3) located at the spoke position; a fourth top mold annular water cooling channel (4) provided on the inner side of the upper rim at the top of the wheel; a fifth top mold annular water cooling channel (5) provided on the outer side of the upper rim; and a first top mold air cooling channel (6) provided at the middle position of the rim. The distance between the first top mold annular water cooling channel (1) and the wheel core is less than the distance between the second top mold annular water cooling channel (2) and the wheel core, and the distance between the second top mold annular water cooling channel (2) and the wheel core is less than the distance between the third top mold annular water cooling channel (3) and the wheel core. The bottom mold cooling unit includes: a bottom mold wheel core water cooling channel (7) located at the wheel core, a bottom mold bolt water cooling channel (8) provided at the wheel bolt position, and a first bottom mold annular cooling channel (9), a second bottom mold annular cooling channel (10), and a third bottom mold annular cooling channel (11) provided at the wheel spoke position. The side mold cooling unit includes: a first side mold air cooling channel (12) provided at the rim position of the wheel, and a second side mold air cooling channel (13) provided at the gate position. The distance between the first bottom mold annular cooling channel (9) and the wheel core is less than the distance between the second bottom mold annular cooling channel (10) and the wheel core. The distance between the second bottom mold annular cooling channel (10) and the wheel core is less than the distance between the third bottom mold annular cooling channel (11) and the wheel core. The second side mold air cooling channel (13) is located on the upper and lower sides of each gate. The cooling method includes: during the wheel casting process, the wheel casting cooling system cools the wheel in four directions in sequence, from the upper rim to the gate, from the middle of the spokes to the gate, from the middle of the spokes to the center riser, and from the lower rim to the gate, to achieve sequential solidification in four directions. Solidification proceeds sequentially from the upper rim to the gate direction. The opening sequence of the cooling channels is as follows: the fifth top mold annular water cooling channel (5), the fourth top mold annular water cooling channel (4), the first top mold air cooling channel (6), the third top mold annular water cooling channel (3), and the second side mold air cooling channel (13) are opened in sequence. Solidification proceeds sequentially from the center of the spokes towards the gate, achieved through two sets of cooling channels, opened in the following order: (1) First, simultaneously open the second top mold annular water cooling channel (2) and the second bottom mold annular cooling channel (10), and then open the third top mold annular water cooling channel (3). (2) Open the third bottom mold annular cooling channel (11) and the second side mold air cooling channel (13) in sequence. The solidification from the center of the spokes to the central riser is achieved through two sets of cooling channels, which are opened in the following order: 1) First, simultaneously open the second top mold annular water cooling channel (2) and the second bottom mold annular cooling channel (10), and then open the first bottom mold annular cooling channel (9). 2) Sequentially open the first top mold annular water cooling channel (1), the bottom mold bolt water cooling channel (8), and the bottom mold wheel core water cooling channel (7). Solidification occurs sequentially from the lower rim to the gate direction. The opening sequence of the cooling channels is as follows: the first side mold air cooling channel (12) and the second side mold air cooling channel (13) are opened in sequence.

2. A wheel casting equipment employing the wheel casting cooling method of claim 1, characterized in that, The wheel is a five-spoke wheel.

3. The wheel casting equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The wheel casting equipment uses a pressure system to make molten metal rise from the riser pipe and enter the mold cavity through the pouring structure and the gate on the mold. The gate on the mold is opened at the position of the outer tire bead seat of the wheel, and the molten metal is poured in horizontally.

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