Train seat backrest adjustment device, seat and train

Abstract

This invention provides a train seat backrest adjustment device, a seat, and a train. The train seat backrest adjustment device includes: a base, with a vertical adjustment plate rotatably mounted on the top of one end of the base; a horizontally extending top plate is provided on the top of the adjustment plate; mounting seats are provided at both ends of the top plate; and a backrest is rotatably disposed between the two mounting seats; a coarse adjustment component is disposed at both ends of the top plate for locking and unlocking the backrest, and allowing the unlocked backrest to rotate and adjust over a wide range; and a fine adjustment component is disposed between the mounting slot and the top plate, with a mounting groove on the base, for fine-tuning the backrest. This invention enables integrated adjustment of the backrest, combining rapid coarse adjustment and precise fine adjustment, while considering adjustment response speed, angle positioning accuracy, and operational stability, thus improving passenger comfort and seat reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of train seat technology, and provides a train seat backrest adjustment device, a seat, and a train. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous improvement of my country's high-speed railway network and the continuous upgrading of the operation quality of EMU trains, EMU trains have become the mainstream carrier for long-distance travel across regions. Passengers' travel time can generally reach several hours, and seat comfort has become the core factor affecting the travel experience. The adjustable backrest angle of the seat is a key design point to improve the comfort of the ride.

[0003] Currently, seat backrest adjustments on high-speed trains are mainly divided into two categories: electric and manual. Electric adjustment is easy to operate, but the adjustment response speed is slow, and if the drive system fails, the backrest will completely lose its adjustment capability, resulting in insufficient fault tolerance and emergency response. Traditional manual adjustment, although faster, has poor angle control precision, is prone to positioning deviations, and experiences large fluctuations in backrest travel and noticeable jerking during adjustment, which not only reduces the passenger's own riding experience but also easily causes bumps and disturbances to adjacent passengers.

[0004] The two existing adjustment methods are both difficult to balance adjustment speed, positioning accuracy and operational stability, and have obvious technical shortcomings. They urgently need to be improved to optimize adjustment performance and enhance the comfort and reliability of the seats. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a train seat backrest adjustment device, a seat, and a train to solve the technical defects of existing high-speed train seat backrests, such as slow electric adjustment speed, easy failure, low manual adjustment accuracy, strong jerking sensation, and easy interference with adjacent seats. It realizes integrated adjustment of fast coarse adjustment and precise fine adjustment of the backrest, taking into account the adjustment response speed, angle positioning accuracy and running stability, thereby improving passenger comfort and seat reliability.

[0006] In one aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a train seat backrest adjustment device, comprising: The base has a vertical mounting plate rotatably mounted on one end of the base. The top of the mounting plate has a horizontally extending top plate. Mounting seats are provided at both ends of the top plate, and a backrest is rotatably provided between the two mounting seats. A coarse adjustment component is located at both ends of the top plate and is used to lock and unlock the backrest, and to allow the unlocked backrest to rotate and adjust over a wide range. The fine-tuning component has a mounting slot on the base and is disposed between the mounting slot and the top plate. The fine-tuning component is used to fine-tune the backrest.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the coarse adjustment component includes: A rotating shaft, one end of which is fixed to the upper end of the mounting base, and the side wall of the backrest is rotatably connected to the other end of the rotating shaft; A gear is fixed to the rotating shaft and disposed between the mounting base and the backrest; A limiting plate is disposed below the gear and movably mounted on the top plate. The top of the limiting plate has an arc-shaped groove corresponding to the gear. The arc-shaped groove and the gear mesh with each other through a tooth structure to lock the backrest.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the bottom of the limiting plate is provided with a set of symmetrical and vertically extending guide rods, the bottom of the guide rods penetrating the top plate, and the guide rods are slidably disposed on the top plate in the vertical direction.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a first elastic element is sleeved on the guide rod, and the bottom of the first elastic element is fixed to the top plate.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the coarse adjustment assembly further includes a pressing handle, which is horizontally connected to one side of the limiting plate. Under pressure, the pressing handle drives the limiting plate to move downward.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, one end of the pressing handle is connected to the limiting plate and forms a U-shaped opening, the U-shaped opening avoids the mounting base, and the other end of the pressing handle extends in a direction away from the backrest to form a pressing part.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the fine-tuning component includes: A lead screw is rotatably mounted in the mounting groove along the length of the mounting groove. A driving component is used to drive the lead screw to rotate; A slider is sleeved on the lead screw and is used to move along the lead screw under the action of the lead screw rotation. A connecting rod is rotatably connected between the slider and the top plate, and is used to drive the top plate to rotate the backrest under the action of the slider.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, an anchor rod is provided at the lower end of the backrest facing the base, and a second elastic member is vertically installed at the bottom of the anchor rod, the bottom of the second elastic member being fixed to the top plate.

[0014] On the other hand, embodiments of the present invention provide a seat, including a seat panel, a backrest, and a train seat backrest adjustment device as described above. The seat panel is fixedly installed above a base, and the backrest is rotatably installed between two mounting seats.

[0015] In another aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a train that includes the train seat backrest adjustment device as described above, or includes a seat as described above.

[0016] The train seat backrest adjustment device, seat, and train provided by this invention adopt a two-stage adjustment structure with coarse and fine adjustment components working in tandem. The coarse adjustment component enables manual, rapid, and wide-range angle adjustment without relying on electric drive, reducing the adjustment response time to within a few seconds, thus meeting the needs of passengers for immediate backrest posture adjustment. It also avoids the drawbacks of traditional electric adjustment systems that rely on electronic control systems and completely lose adjustment function after a failure, improving structural fault tolerance and reliability. The fine adjustment component can make small-amplitude, precise angle corrections to the backrest after coarse adjustment, effectively improving angle positioning accuracy and eliminating problems of angle deviation and inaccurate positioning. The two-stage segmented adjustment makes the backrest movement smooth and gentle, significantly reducing the swaying amplitude and jerking sensation during adjustment, optimizing the passenger's own riding comfort while preventing violent backrest shaking from disturbing neighboring passengers. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the train seat backrest adjustment device provided by the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the bottom of the base and the back of the backrest.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the coarse adjustment component provided by the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of the seat provided by the present invention.

[0022] Figure label: 100. Base; 101. Lug; 102. Mounting slot; 110. Moving plate; 120. Top plate; 130. Mounting seat; 140. Rotating shaft; 141. Gear; 142. Limiting plate; 143. Arc groove; 144. Guide rod; 145. First elastic element; 146. Press handle; 147. U-shaped opening; 150. Lead screw; 151. Slider; 152. Connecting rod; 153. Motor; 154. Receiving slot; 160. Anchor rod; 161. Second elastic element; 200. Backrest; 210. Seat plate. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0025] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0026] In this invention, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the first feature "on" or "below" the second feature may be in direct contact with the first and second features, or indirect contact through an intermediate medium. In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0027] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a train seat backrest adjustment device, including: a base 100, a coarse adjustment component, and a fine adjustment component. The base 100 provides a stable mounting foundation for the entire adjustment device. At one end of the base 100 near the backrest 200, both ends are integrally provided with upwardly projecting lugs 101 along a first direction (i.e., the left-right direction of the base 100 or the backrest 200). The two lugs 101 are symmetrically arranged, and each opposite side is correspondingly fixed with a shaft. A vertical adjustment plate 110 is rotatably mounted between the two lugs 101 via the shaft. In the initial state, the adjustment plate 110 extends vertically to ensure the initial posture stability of the top plate 120 and the backrest 200. A horizontally extending top plate 120 is fixedly connected to the top of the backrest 110. The top plate 120 and the backrest 110 can be fixed by welding or integral molding, which results in higher structural strength and makes it less prone to breakage or loosening. Preferably, the backrest 110 is centered relative to the top plate 120, which can provide uniform support force to the top plate 120 and avoid deformation caused by uneven force on the top plate 120. At the same time, the backrest 110 can provide a flexible rotation base for the top plate 120 through the rotational cooperation of the shaft and the lug 101, thus providing the necessary conditions for the subsequent fine-tuning of the backrest 200.

[0028] The top plate 120 has mounting seats 130 protruding upwards at both ends along the first direction. The two mounting seats 130 are arranged symmetrically, and a backrest 200 is rotatably provided between the two mounting seats 130. The backrest 200 can rotate flexibly around the mounting seat 130, providing structural support for a wide range of angle adjustments.

[0029] The coarse adjustment components are symmetrically distributed at both ends of the top plate 120 along the first direction, corresponding one-to-one with the two mounting seats 130. Their core function is to lock and unlock the backrest 200. In the unlocked state, the backrest 200 can rotate and adjust a wide range around the mounting seat 130, meeting the passenger's need for quick adjustment of the backrest 200's posture. A long, narrow mounting groove 102 is provided on the base 100 along the second direction (i.e., the front-to-back direction of the base 100). The size of the mounting groove 102 is adapted to the fine adjustment components. The fine adjustment components are positioned between the mounting groove 102 and the top plate 120. Their core function is to perform small, precise adjustments to the backrest 200 after the coarse adjustment, achieving precise positioning of the backrest 200's angle.

[0030] The specific adjustment process of this device is as follows: When a passenger needs to adjust the angle of the backrest 200, they can first operate the relevant actuator of the coarse adjustment component to release the locking restriction on the backrest 200. At this time, the backrest 200 is in a freely rotatable state, and the passenger can manually push the backrest 200 to rotate between the two mounting seats 130, quickly achieving a wide range of angle adjustments. After the backrest 200 is adjusted to a comfortable angle that the passenger is roughly satisfied with, the coarse adjustment component is operated again to restore the locking fixation of the backrest 200, thus completing the coarse adjustment process of the backrest 200. If the passenger needs to further precisely adjust the angle of the backrest 200 to obtain a more comfortable sitting posture, the fine adjustment component can be used to push the top plate 120 to rotate slightly around the shaft connecting the mounting plate 110 and the lug 101. The top plate 120 simultaneously drives the mounting seats 130 at both ends and the backrest 200 to make small-amplitude fine adjustments until the ideal comfortable angle is reached, completing the entire adjustment process.

[0031] This device boasts significant technical advantages through the coordinated operation of coarse and fine adjustment components: the coarse adjustment component enables rapid, wide-range manual angle adjustment without relying on electricity, offering a swift response and effectively solving the problem of slow speed in traditional electric adjustments. This fully meets passengers' needs for immediate adjustment of the backrest 200° position. The fine adjustment component precisely corrects the backrest 200° angle, effectively overcoming the shortcomings of low precision and susceptibility to angle deviations in traditional manual adjustments. Furthermore, the fine adjustment process can be electrically driven, resulting in smooth transmission and gentle movements without noticeable jerking, significantly improving passenger comfort and preventing disturbance to adjacent passengers caused by violent shaking of the backrest 200° during adjustment. Simultaneously, the device's compact and rational structural layout, with the base 100 providing stable and reliable support for all components, ensures balanced force distribution during adjustment, effectively improving reliability and service life, and adapting to the long-term, high-frequency use requirements of high-speed trains.

[0032] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the coarse adjustment component is provided with corresponding mounting seats 130 at both ends of the top plate 120. Specifically, it includes a rotating shaft 140, a gear 141, and a limiting plate 142. One end of the rotating shaft 140 is firmly connected to the upper end of the mounting seat 130 by welding, bolt fixing, or other means to ensure connection strength and prevent loosening during adjustment. The side wall of the backrest 200 is provided with a matching mounting hole, and the other end of the rotating shaft 140 passes through the mounting hole and is rotatably connected to the backrest 200, so that the backrest 200 can rotate flexibly around the rotating shaft 140, providing a transmission basis for a wide range of angle adjustment. The gear 141 is further fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft 140. The gear 141 is located between the mounting seat 130 and the backrest 200. The outer peripheral wall of the gear 141 is evenly provided with tooth structure for meshing and locking with the limiting plate 142.

[0033] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 A limiting plate 142 is provided below the gear 141. The limiting plate 142 is movably installed on the top of the top plate 120 and can move up and down vertically. Its installation position precisely corresponds to the gear 141, ensuring that the limiting plate 142 can accurately engage or disengage with the gear 141 when moving up and down. The top of the limiting plate 142 has an arc-shaped groove 143 that matches the shape of the gear 141. The groove wall of the arc-shaped groove 143 is integrally formed with teeth that match the tooth structure of the outer peripheral wall of the gear 141. It can tightly engage with the tooth structure on the outer peripheral wall of the gear 141, thereby reliably locking the backrest 200 and preventing the backrest 200 from rotating accidentally during use.

[0034] In this embodiment, the specific working process of the coarse adjustment component is as follows: When the passenger needs to make a large-range coarse adjustment to the backrest 200, they only need to manually drive the limiting plate 142 towards the top plate 120, so that the limiting plate 142 moves downward in the vertical direction. As the limiting plate 142 moves downward, the toothed area on the groove wall of the arc-shaped groove 143 gradually disengages from the outer peripheral tooth structure of the gear 141. At this time, the backrest 200 loses the locking constraint of the limiting plate 142 and the gear 141, and can rotate freely between the two mounting seats 130 around the rotating shafts 140 on both sides. Subsequently, the passenger can gently push the backrest 200 forward or backward according to their own riding needs to quickly adjust the backrest 200 to a generally comfortable large-range angle. Once the angle is adjusted to the correct position, the passenger slowly releases the limiting plate 142, which moves vertically upward until the toothed area on the arc groove 143 re-engages tightly with the outer peripheral tooth structure of the gear 141, locking and fixing the gear 141 and the rotating shaft 140, thereby stabilizing the backrest 200 at the currently adjusted angle, thus completing the entire coarse adjustment transmission process.

[0035] The gear 141 and the arc-shaped groove 143 lock in place by precise meshing. The two have a large contact area and tight meshing, resulting in extremely strong locking stability. This effectively prevents the backrest 200 from shifting due to vibration, collision, or other factors during seating, ensuring safety. The entire adjustment process is purely manual, requiring no electric drive. This not only reduces the structural complexity and probability of failure of the device but also makes the adjustment response extremely fast. It can complete a wide range of angle adjustments of the backrest 200 within seconds, fully meeting the immediate needs of passengers to quickly find a roughly comfortable seating position. The operation is convenient and suitable for long-distance travel on high-speed trains.

[0036] Furthermore, the bottom of the limiting plate 142 is provided with a set of symmetrical and vertically extending guide rods 144, the bottom of the guide rods 144 penetrates the top plate 120, and the guide rods 144 are slidably disposed on the top plate 120 in the vertical direction.

[0037] In this embodiment, when the coarse adjustment component is working, as the limiting plate 142 moves downward, the guide rods 144 symmetrically installed at the bottom of the limiting plate 142 slide downward along the preset through holes on the top plate 120. The outer wall of the guide rod 144 is tightly fitted with the inner wall of the through hole, restricting the displacement of the limiting plate 142 in the horizontal direction and ensuring that the limiting plate 142 can only move vertically. When the limiting plate 142 is released and moves upward, the guide rods 144 also slide upward along the through hole, continuing to constrain the movement trajectory of the limiting plate 142, so that the tooth area of ​​the arc groove 143 at the top of the limiting plate 142 always maintains the arc trajectory corresponding to the gear 141, ensuring that the two can mesh accurately when reset, and avoiding tooth misalignment.

[0038] The guide rod 144 effectively solves the problem of possible offset of the limit plate 142 during the up and down movement, ensuring the meshing accuracy of the tooth area of ​​the arc groove 143 and the gear 141, avoiding adjustment jamming or locking failure caused by misalignment, and improving the transmission stability and service life of the coarse adjustment component; at the same time, the precise meshing relationship reduces wear between the teeth, reduces the replacement frequency of parts, and saves maintenance costs.

[0039] Furthermore, a first elastic element 145 is sleeved on the guide rod 144, and the bottom of the first elastic element 145 is fixed to the top plate 120. The first elastic element 145 is, for example, a spring. During the downward movement of the limiting plate 142, the spring is subjected to the upward supporting force of the top plate 120 and the downward pressure of the limiting plate 142, and the spring is gradually compressed and deformed; subsequently, when the passenger releases the limiting plate 142, the spring gradually returns to its original length under the action of elastic potential energy, thereby pushing the limiting plate 142 to move upward along the guide rod 144. The automatic reset function of the spring reduces the operation steps of manual reset and improves the convenience of adjustment.

[0040] Furthermore, to facilitate convenient operation of the limiting plate 142 by passengers and enable quick unlocking and locking of the backrest 200, the coarse adjustment assembly also includes a pressing handle 146. The pressing handle 146 is horizontally connected to one side of the limiting plate 142 and is firmly connected to the limiting plate 142 by means of integral molding or bolt fixing. Under the pressure action of the pressing handle 146 in the direction perpendicular to the top plate 120, it can simultaneously drive the limiting plate 142 to move downward in the vertical direction, providing a convenient force carrier for passengers to operate the limiting plate 142 and greatly reducing the difficulty of operation.

[0041] According to one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 2As shown, one end of the pressing handle 146 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the limiting plate 142, and a U-shaped opening 147 is integrally formed at the connection point. The size of the U-shaped opening 147 is adapted to the shape of the mounting base 130, which can accurately avoid the mounting base 130 and prevent the pressing handle 146 from interfering with the mounting base 130 during up and down movement, ensuring smooth operation without jamming. The other end of the pressing handle 146 extends horizontally in the direction away from the backrest 200, forming a pressing part that is convenient for passengers to press and apply force. The surface of the pressing part can be provided with anti-slip texture to increase the friction between the hand and the pressing handle 146, prevent slippage during pressing, and improve the stability of operation.

[0042] In this embodiment, when a passenger needs to unlock the coarse adjustment component to adjust the angle of the backrest 200, they simply need to press the pressing part of the pressing handle 146 towards the top plate 120 with their fingers or palm. Since the pressing handle 146 is horizontally fixed to the outer wall of the limiting plate 142, the vertically downward external force applied to the pressing part will be directly transmitted to the limiting plate 142, causing the limiting plate 142 to move downward. Under the guiding and limiting action of the guide rod 144 and the through hole of the top plate 120, the limiting plate 142 moves vertically downward smoothly along the guide rod 144, while compressing the spring sleeved on the guide rod 144. The spring undergoes elastic deformation and stores elastic potential energy. As the limiting plate 142 continues to move downward, the toothed area on its top arc groove 143 gradually separates from the outer peripheral tooth structure of the gear 141. When the two are completely disengaged, the locking state of the backrest 200 is completely released. At this time, the passenger can push the backrest 200 to rotate freely around the pivot 140 and quickly adjust it to the required wide range of angles. Once the backrest 200 is adjusted to the correct angle, the passenger releases the pressing handle 146. The external force applied to the pressing part disappears, the spring releases its stored elastic potential energy, generating an upward counterforce that pushes the limiting plate 142 upward along the guide rod 144. The pressing handle 146 returns to its original position synchronously with the limiting plate 142 until the toothed area of ​​the arc-shaped groove 143 at the top of the limiting plate 142 re-engages tightly with the gear 141, firmly locking the gear 141, the rotating shaft 140, and the backrest 200 at the current angle, completing the closed-loop operation of unlocking, adjusting, and locking.

[0043] The push-button handle 146 features a horizontal installation design, conforming to ergonomic principles. Passengers in a seated position can easily press the handle without bending over, looking down, or searching for complex operating points, significantly lowering the adjustment threshold. This is especially suitable for the elderly, children, and other groups with limited operational skills, improving the device's versatility. Simultaneously, the push-button transmission structure is simple in design, with fewer parts and lower structural complexity, effectively reducing the failure rate. Furthermore, the force transmission is direct and without redundant loss, resulting in rapid unlocking response. It can work with the limit plate 142 to unlock and lock the backrest 200 within seconds, further enhancing the convenience and efficiency of the overall adjustment operation, meeting the needs of passengers frequently and quickly adjusting the backrest 200's posture during long-distance high-speed train journeys.

[0044] Based on the above embodiments, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the fine adjustment component is used to make small-amplitude precise fine adjustments to the backrest 200 after coarse adjustment. Specifically, it includes a lead screw 150, a slider 151, a connecting rod 152, and a driving component. The components work together to achieve precise adjustment of the angle of the backrest 200, with smooth transmission and reliable positioning.

[0045] Among them, such as Figure 1 As shown, the lead screw 150 is arranged along the second direction (i.e., the front-to-back direction of the base 100) and is rotatably mounted in the mounting groove 102 of the base 100. The two ends of the lead screw 150 are rotatably connected to the front and rear side walls of the mounting groove 102 through bearings to prevent the lead screw 150 from shifting during rotation. A slider 151 adapted to the thread of the lead screw 150 is threaded onto the lead screw 150. The shape of the slider 151 matches the internal contour of the mounting groove 102. The slider 151 can be embedded in the mounting groove 102 and slide along the length of the mounting groove 102. The side wall of the mounting groove 102 provides circumferential limiting for the slider 151 to prevent the slider 151 from rotating synchronously with the lead screw 150.

[0046] A connecting rod 152 is rotatably mounted on the top of the slider 151 via a shaft, and the end of the connecting rod 152 away from the slider 151 is also rotatably mounted on the bottom of the top plate 120 via a shaft. Figure 2 As shown, the bottom of the base 100 has a receiving groove 154 that communicates with the mounting groove 102. The size of the receiving groove 154 is adapted to the driving component. The driving component is preferably a motor 153. The motor 153 is fixedly installed in the receiving groove 154 by bolts. The output shaft of the motor 153 is set towards the mounting groove 102 and is used to drive the lead screw 150 to rotate around its own axis to provide power for fine-tuning transmission.

[0047] In this embodiment, the specific working process of the fine-tuning component (i.e., the fine-tuning transmission process of the backrest 200) is as follows: After the passenger completes the coarse adjustment and fixes the backrest 200, if further precise adjustment of the backrest 200 angle is required to obtain a more comfortable sitting posture, the motor 153 installed in the receiving groove 154 at the bottom of the base 100 can be started. After the motor 153 is started, its output shaft is firmly connected to one end of the lead screw 150 in the mounting groove 102 through a coupling, transmitting the power of the motor 153 to the lead screw 150, driving the lead screw 150 to rotate smoothly clockwise or counterclockwise around its own axis. Since the slider 151, which is threaded onto the lead screw 150, is embedded in the mounting groove 102, and the side wall of the mounting groove 102 acts as a circumferential limit for the slider 151, preventing it from rotating synchronously with the lead screw 150, the slider 151 will move horizontally along the axial direction of the lead screw 150 under the transmission action of the lead screw 150 thread. For example, when the lead screw 150 rotates clockwise, the slider 151 moves towards the motor 153; when the lead screw 150 rotates counterclockwise, the slider 151 moves away from the motor 153.

[0048] Since the top of the slider 151 is rotatably connected to one end of the connecting rod 152, and the other end of the connecting rod 152 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the top plate 120, when the slider 151 moves horizontally along the lead screw 150, the connection angle between the connecting rod 152, the slider 151, and the top plate 120 will change synchronously, thereby generating an upward or downward thrust, pushing the top plate 120 to rotate slightly around the shaft connecting the lug 101 on the top of the base 100 and the connecting plate 110. When the top plate 120 rotates, it will simultaneously drive the mounting seats 130 at both ends and the backrest 200, which has been coarsely adjusted and fixed, to rotate slightly together, so as to achieve precise fine-tuning of the backrest 200 angle until it is adjusted to the passenger's ideal comfortable angle. Then, the motor 153 can be turned off to complete the fine-tuning operation.

[0049] The transmission method, which uses a motor 153 to drive a lead screw 150, offers extremely high transmission precision, enabling millimeter-level angle fine-tuning. This allows for precise matching of passengers' subtle needs for the comfort angle of the backrest 200, completely overcoming the shortcomings of traditional manual adjustment in terms of low precision. The electric transmission process is smooth and gentle, without the jerking or violent shaking of manual adjustment. This avoids discomfort caused by sudden movement of the backrest 200 and prevents excessive adjustment movements from disturbing adjacent passengers, thus improving both comfort and safety. Furthermore, the threaded transmission structure of the lead screw 150 and slider 151 has excellent self-locking performance. After fine-tuning, even when the motor 153 is turned off, the slider 151 will not move due to external force or vibration. No additional locking structure is needed to stably maintain the current fine-tuned angle of the backrest 200, significantly improving the reliability and stability of the device. The overall structure is compact and rationally laid out, occupying minimal space and adapting to the installation requirements of high-speed train seats.

[0050] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the present invention, an anchor rod 160 is provided at the lower end of the backrest 200 facing the base 100, and a second elastic member 161 is vertically installed at the bottom of the anchor rod 160. The bottom of the second elastic member 161 is fixed to the top plate 120. The second elastic member 161 is, for example, a tension spring.

[0051] In this embodiment, when a passenger manually pushes the backrest 200 backward, the anchor rod 160 installed on the backrest 200 rotates backward synchronously with the backrest 200. The tension spring vertically connected to the bottom of the anchor rod 160 is subjected to an upward pulling force, gradually being stretched and deformed, generating a reverse elastic pulling force. When it is necessary to adjust the angle of the backrest 200 forward or release the pushing force, the elastic pulling force of the tension spring will pull the anchor rod 160 forward to reset, thereby causing the backrest 200 to rotate forward around the pivot 140, assisting the backrest 200 to return to the appropriate angle. Throughout the adjustment process, the elastic force of the tension spring always balances part of the weight and rotational force of the backrest 200, making it easier for the passenger to push the backrest 200.

[0052] The auxiliary reset function of the tension spring reduces the force required for passengers to adjust the backrest 200, especially for passengers with less strength, thus improving the ease of adjustment. At the same time, the elastic constraint of the tension spring can prevent the backrest 200 from tilting backward or rebounding forward rapidly due to gravity during the adjustment process, making the adjustment process smoother and reducing jerking. In addition, the tension spring can also temporarily maintain the approximate angle of the backrest 200 before the coarse adjustment is locked, making it convenient for passengers to perform subsequent fine adjustments.

[0053] like Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment of the invention also provides a seat suitable for use in trains such as high-speed trains. The seat includes a seat panel 210, a backrest 200, and the train seat backrest adjustment device described in the above embodiment. The seat panel 210 is horizontally positioned and fixedly installed above the base 100 to support the passenger's weight and provide a comfortable seating support surface. To further improve the support stability of the seat panel 210 and prevent deformation or shaking under stress, the seat panel 210 is preferably supported by support rods connected to the four directional corners of the base 100. The four support rods are arranged symmetrically, with the lower ends firmly connected to the four directional corners of the base 100 and the upper ends fixedly connected to the corresponding positions at the bottom of the seat panel 210. The connection method can be welding, bolting, etc., to ensure connection strength, enabling the seat panel 210 to stably bear the load and preventing tilting or loosening.

[0054] The backrest 200 is rotatably mounted on both sides between two mounting seats 130 at both ends of the top plate 120 of the adjustment device. With the coordinated action of the coarse adjustment component and the fine adjustment component, it can achieve a wide range of rapid coarse adjustments and small-amplitude precise fine adjustments to meet the seating posture needs of different passengers. At the same time, a flexible connector or buffer structure can be set between the seat plate 210 and the backrest 200 as needed to further improve the comfort of the seat and avoid discomfort during long-term sitting.

[0055] In this embodiment, the base 100 serves as the basic support component of the entire device. The seat plate 210 mounted on its top provides seating support for passengers. Simultaneously, the rotatable plate 110, rotatably connected to the top of the base 100, provides a rotational basis for the top plate 120. During the fine-tuning component's operation, the motor 153 drives the lead screw to rotate, and the slider 151 pushes the connecting rod 152, causing the top plate 120 to rotate around the rotatable plate 110. The force on the top plate 120 can be transmitted to the base 100 through the rotatable plate 110. The base 100, with its rigid structure, disperses the force to the bottom of the train carriage, preventing excessive localized stress and deformation. During the coarse-tuning component's operation, the rotational force generated by the operator pushing the backrest 200 can be transmitted through the rotating shaft 140 to the mounting base 130, then from the mounting base 130 to the top plate 120, and finally through the rotatable plate 110 to the base 100, achieving overall force balance. Meanwhile, the positions of the seat panel 210 and the backrest 200 are relatively fixed. When the backrest 200 adjusts its angle, the seat panel 210 remains stable, ensuring the continuity of the passenger's sitting posture.

[0056] The stable support provided by the base 100 ensures even force distribution throughout the device during adjustment, preventing damage to local components due to concentrated stress and enhancing the overall load-bearing capacity and service life of the device. The matching design of the seat plate 210 and backrest 200 ensures a consistent passenger experience during adjustment, preventing discomfort caused by structural misalignment. Furthermore, the overall structural layout is reasonable, and the transmission forces of each component can be effectively distributed through the base 100, reducing local pressure on the bottom of the train carriage and meeting the load-bearing requirements for train equipment installation.

[0057] This invention also provides a train, including the train seat backrest 200 adjustment device of the above embodiments, or including the seat of the above embodiments. The train of this invention possesses all the features and beneficial effects of the above-described backrest 200 adjustment device and seat, which will not be repeated here.

[0058] The adjustment process of the seat back 200 of the present invention is as follows: 1. In the initial state, the toothed area of ​​the arc groove 143 on the top of the limit plate 142 in the coarse adjustment component meshes with the gear 141, the backrest 200 maintains a fixed angle, and the fine adjustment component is in standby state.

[0059] 2. When the backrest angle needs to be adjusted, the passenger presses the pressing handle 146, which moves the limiting plate 142 downward along the guide rod 144, compressing the spring. The toothed area of ​​the arc groove 143 separates from the gear 141. The passenger manually pushes the backrest 200 to rotate around the pivot 140. After adjusting to a roughly comfortable angle, the passenger releases the pressing handle 146. The spring returns to its original position, causing the toothed area of ​​the arc groove 143 to re-engage with the gear 141, completing the coarse adjustment and fixing.

[0060] 3. Start the motor 153, which drives the lead screw to rotate. The slider 151 moves along the lead screw axis, and pushes the top plate 120 to rotate slightly around the back plate 110 through the connecting rod 152. This, in turn, drives the backrest 200 to finely adjust the angle. After reaching the ideal position, turn off the motor 153. The screw and slider 151 are self-locking to maintain a stable angle.

[0061] 4. If readjustment is required, repeat the coarse and fine adjustment steps above; if the initial angle needs to be restored, first reset the top plate 120 through the fine adjustment component, then press the press handle 146 to unlock the backrest 200, push the backrest 200 back to the initial position, and then release the press handle 146 to lock the backrest 200.

[0062] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this invention are as follows: it enables manual, rapid, and wide-range angle adjustment through the coarse adjustment component, without relying on electric drive, and the response time can be shortened to within a few seconds, meeting the needs of immediate adjustment; at the same time, it addresses the pain points of low precision and easy angle deviation of traditional manual adjustment by combining it with the fine adjustment component through the lead screw driven by motor 153 to achieve millimeter-level angle micro-adjustment, which can accurately match the personalized comfort needs of passengers and fill the technical gap where rapid adjustment and precise adjustment cannot be achieved at the same time.

[0063] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A train seat backrest adjustment device, characterized in that, include: The base has a vertical mounting plate rotatably mounted on one end of the base. The top of the mounting plate has a horizontally extending top plate. Mounting seats are provided at both ends of the top plate, and a backrest is rotatably provided between the two mounting seats. A coarse adjustment component is located at both ends of the top plate and is used to lock and unlock the backrest, and to allow the unlocked backrest to rotate and adjust over a wide range. The fine-tuning component has a mounting slot on the base and is disposed between the mounting slot and the top plate. The fine-tuning component is used to fine-tune the backrest.

2. The train seat backrest adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coarse adjustment component includes: A rotating shaft, one end of which is fixed to the upper end of the mounting base, and the side wall of the backrest is rotatably connected to the other end of the rotating shaft; A gear is fixed to the rotating shaft and disposed between the mounting base and the backrest; A limiting plate is disposed below the gear and movably mounted on the top plate. The top of the limiting plate has an arc-shaped groove corresponding to the gear. The arc-shaped groove and the gear mesh with each other through a tooth structure to lock the backrest.

3. The train seat backrest adjustment device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bottom of the limiting plate is provided with a set of symmetrical and vertically extending guide rods, the bottom of the guide rods penetrating the top plate, and the guide rods are slidably disposed on the top plate in the vertical direction.

4. The train seat backrest adjustment device according to claim 3, characterized in that, A first elastic element is sleeved on the guide rod, and the bottom of the first elastic element is fixed to the top plate.

5. The train seat backrest adjustment device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The coarse adjustment component also includes a pressing handle, which is horizontally connected to one side of the limiting plate. Under pressure, the pressing handle drives the limiting plate to move downward.

6. The train seat backrest adjustment device according to claim 5, characterized in that, One end of the pressing handle is connected to the limiting plate and forms a U-shaped opening, which avoids the mounting base. The other end of the pressing handle extends in a direction away from the backrest to form a pressing part.

7. The train seat backrest adjustment device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The fine-tuning components include: A lead screw is rotatably mounted in the mounting groove along the length of the mounting groove. A driving component is used to drive the lead screw to rotate; A slider is sleeved on the lead screw and is used to move along the lead screw under the action of the lead screw rotation. A connecting rod is rotatably connected between the slider and the top plate, and is used to drive the top plate to rotate the backrest under the action of the slider.

8. The train seat backrest adjustment device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, An anchor rod is provided at the lower end of the backrest facing the base, and a second elastic element is vertically installed at the bottom of the anchor rod, with the bottom of the second elastic element fixed to the top plate.

9. A type of seat, characterized in that, The seat includes a seat panel, a backrest, and a train seat backrest adjustment device as described in any one of claims 1-8, wherein the seat panel is fixedly installed above the base, and the backrest is rotatably installed between two mounting seats.

10. A train, characterized in that, It includes the train seat backrest adjustment device as described in any one of claims 1-8, or includes the seat as described in claim 9.

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