Puncture machine and puncture process for quartz fiber preforms

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of quartz fiber preform material manufacturing technology, and discloses a puncture machine and puncture processing method for quartz fiber preforms, comprising: a frame system for providing assembly positions for different types of preforms to achieve the installation and positioning of preform weaving molds, and for controlling the 360° axial rotation of rotating preforms; a puncture adjustment system, disposed on the sliding movable end of the frame system, for switching between different types of preforms to match the puncture method, and adjusting to a needle angle and posture matching the preform; a puncture execution system, disposed on the puncture adjustment system, for achieving puncture in the thickness direction of the preform with a preset reciprocating stroke and speed; a yarn system, disposed on the frame system, for providing and outputting quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn to the puncture execution system; and a control system, electrically connected to the frame system, puncture adjustment system, puncture execution system, and yarn system respectively.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of quartz fiber preform manufacturing technology, and in particular, to a puncture machine and puncture processing method for quartz fiber preforms. Background Technology

[0002] Quartz fiber, as a high-performance inorganic fiber material, possesses core characteristics such as low dielectric constant, high temperature resistance, and excellent chemical stability. It is a key reinforcing material in high-end microwave transmission and high-temperature insulation fields, and its application demand is increasing daily. The performance of composite materials prepared using quartz fiber as reinforcement largely depends on the structure and molding quality of its preform.

[0003] Quartz fiber preforms are key intermediates in the preparation of corresponding composite materials. Among them, the puncture-stitch preform process, a mainstream technique, constructs a three-dimensional interlocking structure by implanting reinforcing fibers in the thickness direction (Z-axis) of the preform. This effectively overcomes the shortcomings of traditional two-dimensional plywood structures, such as low interlaminar strength and easy delamination, while also offering higher production efficiency and lower cost compared to three-dimensional weaving processes. In practical applications, the required preforms are mainly divided into two categories: flat preforms with regular structures and extremely high requirements for flatness and uniformity, and rotary preforms suitable for curved components and with stringent requirements for puncture uniformity and density. The high-quality preparation of both types of preforms relies on a stable and precise Z-axis fiber implantation process.

[0004] Currently, the mainstream method for implanting Z-axis reinforcing fibers into quartz fiber preforms still relies on manual operation. A typical process involves operators manually threading yarn through the entire thickness of the preform, forming a puncture array, based on a pre-set needle template. This method suffers from inherent drawbacks such as high labor intensity, low production efficiency, difficulty in controlling human error, and poor product consistency, severely hindering the standardization and large-scale production of the product. Although some automated needle-punching equipment exists in existing technologies, such as the publicly disclosed needle-punching machines for irregularly shaped cross-section fabrics and specialized needle-punching machines, these devices primarily rely on barbed needles to hook and entangle the matrix fibers themselves. Their mechanism is self-reinforcement of the fibers, and they cannot actively and precisely introduce additional, independent reinforcing fiber yarns into the preform. Therefore, they cannot achieve truly controllable Z-axis reinforcing fiber implantation and cannot meet the application scenarios with higher requirements for interlayer strength.

[0005] Therefore, the existing technology lacks a dedicated puncture device that can be compatible with different geometries (flat plates / rotational bodies) and can complete the Z-axis independent reinforcing fiber implantation operation accurately and efficiently in an automated manner. This results in low production efficiency, difficulty in ensuring product consistency, and inability to meet the stringent requirements of high-performance composite materials for the interlaminar strength of preforms, becoming a bottleneck restricting the technological development and industrialization of this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a puncture machine and puncture processing method for quartz fiber preforms. By integrating a needle holder drive rotation device that can drive the entire puncture execution system to rotate and position for rapid switching of working modes, a yarn system for automatic yarn guiding and tension control, and a multi-axis collaborative control system, it achieves automated and standardized Z-axis reinforcing fiber implantation compatible with both flat and rotary preforms on the same machine. This solves the technical problems of low efficiency and poor precision due to reliance on manual operation in the prior art, as well as the inability of existing automated equipment to actively and accurately implant independent Z-axis reinforcing fibers and the inability to achieve efficient and high-quality processing capabilities for different types of preforms.

[0007] According to one aspect of the present invention, a puncture machine for quartz fiber preforms is provided, comprising: a frame system for providing assembly positions for different types of preforms to achieve the installation and positioning of preform weaving molds, and for controlling the 360° axial rotation of rotating preforms; a puncture adjustment system disposed on the sliding movable end of the frame system for switching matching puncture methods between different types of preforms and adjusting to a needle angle and posture matching the preform; a puncture execution system disposed on the puncture adjustment system for performing in-and-out punctures in the thickness direction of the preform with a preset reciprocating stroke and speed; a yarn system disposed on the frame system for providing and outputting quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn to the puncture execution system; and a control system electrically connected to the frame system, the puncture adjustment system, the puncture execution system, and the yarn system respectively, for coordinating the operation of the frame system, the puncture adjustment system, the puncture execution system, and the yarn system.

[0008] Furthermore, the rack system is a gantry frame structure, including a base, an X-axis slide bracket, a Y-axis slide bracket, a Z-axis slide bracket, a flat tooling table, and a rotating tooling table; the flat tooling table and the rotating tooling table are located in different areas of the base, the X-axis slide bracket is arranged above the base, the Y-axis slide bracket is arranged at the sliding end of the X-axis slide bracket, and the Z-axis slide bracket is arranged at the sliding end of the Y-axis slide bracket.

[0009] Furthermore, the flat tooling table adopts a vacuum adsorption table, which is equipped with an adsorption hole array to vacuum adsorb and fix the bottom mold of flat quartz fiber preforms of different sizes, preventing the preforms from shifting during the puncture process.

[0010] Furthermore, the rotary tooling table consists of a rotary platform frame, a rotary worktable, and a first stepper motor. The rotary worktable has threaded through holes and a central positioning hole evenly distributed on its surface. Combined with a pressure plate, it achieves coaxial centering and installation of the rotary quartz fiber preform mold. The rotating spindle of the first stepper motor passes through the central positioning hole and drives the preform to rotate at a constant speed around the central axis. This, in conjunction with the piercing adjustment system and the piercing execution system, completes omnidirectional piercing in both the circumference and axial directions.

[0011] Furthermore, the main body of the puncture adjustment system is a needle holder drive rotation device; the needle holder drive rotation device includes a stepper right-angle planetary reducer, a second stepper motor, a rotary motor support plate, a puncture mechanism support plate, and a mounting plate; the mounting plate is arranged on the sliding movable end of the Z-axis slide bracket, the rotary motor support plate is arranged on the mounting plate, the second stepper motor is arranged on the rotary motor support plate via the stepper right-angle planetary reducer, and the power output end of the second stepper motor is connected to the puncture mechanism support plate via the power speed change part of the stepper right-angle planetary reducer, thereby controlling the angle and posture of the puncture mechanism support plate; the puncture execution system is arranged on the puncture mechanism support plate and moves with the puncture mechanism support plate, realizing the rapid switching between two puncture methods, namely flat plate and rotary body, as well as the adjustment of the needle angle and posture.

[0012] Furthermore, the puncture execution system includes a puncture module and a puncture needle. The puncture module includes a drive stepper motor, a crank, a connecting rod, a linear bearing slider, a Y-joint, and a puncture main shaft. The puncture main shaft is axially linearly slidable on the puncture mechanism support plate via multiple linear bearing sliders. The drive stepper motor is mounted on the puncture mechanism support plate, and its power output end is movably connected to the Y-joint via the crank and connecting rod. The Y-joint is connected to the end of the puncture main shaft. The puncture needle adopts a hollow needle body structure. The needle head of the hollow needle body structure is equipped with a smooth puncture tip and a yarn feeding through hole with a diameter of 0.1mm-0.8mm to accommodate the specifications of quartz fiber reinforcing yarn and prevent scratching of the quartz fiber during puncture. The puncture needle is mounted on the needle holder at the end of the puncture main shaft via a needle tip clamping block assembly for easy disassembly and replacement.

[0013] Furthermore, the yarn system includes a yarn frame, a tension adjustment device, a yarn feeding roller, and a yarn breakage sensor. The yarn frame, tension adjustment device, and yarn breakage sensor are all installed in the frame system, while the yarn feeding roller is installed in the puncture execution system. The yarn frame is used to hold the quartz fiber reinforcing yarn rolls. The tension adjustment device is used to control the tension of the quartz fiber reinforcing yarn to ensure the smoothness of the quartz fiber reinforcing yarn transport. The yarn feeding roller and the yarn breakage sensor, together with the hollow structure of the puncture needle, accurately feed the quartz fiber reinforcing yarn into the puncture channel. The yarn breakage sensor detects the movement of the quartz fiber reinforcing yarn to determine whether the quartz fiber reinforcing yarn is interrupted, and then coordinates with the execution of the puncture adjustment system.

[0014] Furthermore, the control system uses a PLC as the core controller, paired with a touch screen human-machine interface, and integrates various stepper motor and sensor control and signal acquisition modules; the touch screen human-machine interface is used to realize the visual setting, storage and retrieval of processing parameters; through the preset of multiple sets of processing parameters and the setting of emergency stop, fault alarm and travel limit safety protection functions, the equipment operating status is displayed in real time, which is convenient for operation and maintenance.

[0015] According to another aspect of the present invention, a piercing processing method for a flat quartz fiber preform is also provided, using the above-mentioned piercing machine for quartz fiber preforms, comprising the following steps: S100, feeding: connecting the vacuum pump to the vacuum platform of the frame system, and completing the connection and debugging of the vacuum adsorption system; placing the quartz fiber cloth preform initially pre-pierced on the mold according to the design onto the flat tooling table of the frame system; starting the vacuum pump to fix the mold; and passing the quartz fiber reinforcing yarn through the yarn holder sequentially through the tension adjustment device, the yarn breakage sensor, the yarn feeding roller, and the piercing needle, so that the quartz fiber reinforcing yarn extends 5mm-15mm from the needle head of the piercing needle; S200, switching the piercing adjustment system: driving the needle holder drive rotation device to rotate the needle holder to be perpendicular to the flat tooling table; driving the X-axis slide bracket, the Y-axis slide bracket, and the Z-axis slide bracket to move the piercing head to the piercing zero point of the quartz fiber cloth preform; S3 00. Parameter Setting: Select the flat processing mode, input the processing parameters such as preform size, puncture spacing, puncture depth, puncture frequency, and puncture movement speed, and generate the puncture path; S400. Automated Puncture: Start the puncture machine. The X-axis slide bracket, Y-axis slide bracket, and Z-axis slide bracket drive the needle holder to move along the preset path. The puncture module drives the puncture needle downward to puncture. After penetrating the preform, a small amount of quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn will be left on the bottom mold. When the puncture needle returns to its original position, the entire bundle of yarn is left in the preform to form a Z-axis yarn puncture bundle. Through the displacement of the needle holder, the quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn is driven to complete the puncture operation at all points in sequence. If the quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn is interrupted midway, the yarn breakage sensor will feed back to the PLC to interrupt the puncture program and activate the alarm; S500. Unloading: After puncture is completed, turn off the vacuum adsorption, remove the processed flat quartz fiber preform, clean the flat tooling table, and complete the single processing.

[0016] According to another aspect of the present invention, a piercing processing method for a rotary quartz fiber preform is also provided, employing the aforementioned piercing machine for quartz fiber preforms, comprising the following steps: S100, feeding: placing the rotary quartz fiber layup outside the piercing mandrel, installing the mandrel on the rotary tooling table, using the center positioning hole of the rotary tooling table for coaxial positioning to ensure no eccentricity during the rotation of the preform, installing the mandrel by a pressure plate, and sequentially passing the quartz fiber reinforcing yarn through the tension adjustment device, yarn breakage sensor, yarn feeding roller, and piercing needle, so that the quartz fiber reinforcing yarn extends 5mm-15mm from the needle head of the piercing needle; S200, switching the piercing adjustment system: driving the X-axis slide bracket, Y-axis slide bracket, Z-axis slide bracket, and driving the needle holder to drive the rotation device to move the piercing head to the rotary quartz fiber. Zero point of fiber layup; S300, Parameter setting: Generate needle trajectory data and needle angle data module according to the two-dimensional digital model of the rotating body, import it into the PLC, select the rotating body processing mode, and input the processing parameters of preform puncture depth, puncture frequency, and puncture movement speed; S400, Automated puncture: Start the puncture machine, the rotating body tooling table drives the preform to rotate at a uniform speed, and at the same time the puncture execution system completes Z-axis puncture according to the preset path. The yarn system simultaneously implants quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn to achieve continuous and uniform puncture of the circumference and axis of the rotating quartz fiber preform. If the quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn is interrupted in the middle, the yarn breakage sensor feeds back to the PLC to interrupt the puncture program and activate the alarm; S500, Unloading: After puncture is completed, remove the pressure plate and mold core, and take out the processed rotating quartz fiber preform to complete a single processing.

[0017] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. The frame system provides a stable and adaptable installation benchmark for different types of preforms and enables precise and controllable movement of the piercing actuator relative to the fixed workpiece in multiple degrees of freedom; it provides an assembly position to realize the installation and positioning of the preform weaving mold, ensuring the physical basis for processing accuracy and preventing the workpiece from shifting during processing; it performs multi-directional sliding control so that the piercing point can cover the entire designed position of the preform, which is a prerequisite for realizing automated and arrayed processing; the combination of the two constitutes the physical platform for the equipment to perform complex spatial trajectory movements.

[0019] 2. The puncture adjustment system enables the same puncture execution unit to adapt to the processing requirements of preforms with different geometries (flat / rotating bodies) and optimizes the puncture angle to improve puncture quality. It is a key module for realizing the dual-purpose function of one machine. Switching to the matching puncture mode corresponds to the conversion between two processing modes: flat (vertical puncture) and rotating body (normal or specific angle puncture). Adjusting the needle angle and posture to match the preform is especially critical for rotating curved surface workpieces. By adjusting the angle to ensure that the puncture direction is always as perpendicular as possible to the local curved surface, puncture resistance can be reduced, fiber damage can be reduced, and the trajectory of the implanted yarn can be ensured to conform to the design. Together with the sliding motion of the frame system, it forms the complete kinematic chain required to complete the complex spatial trajectory.

[0020] 3. The puncture execution system, with controlled force, speed, and depth, drives the puncture needle to precisely complete the core action cycle of penetrating the preform and resetting it. It is the direct execution unit for realizing the active implantation function. The preset reciprocating stroke and speed ensure the consistency, controllability, and repeatability of each puncture action. The stroke control determines the puncture depth, affecting the effective length of the implanted yarn and the bottom yarn snagging effect. The speed control affects the instantaneous impact force of the puncture, which is related to fiber damage and yarn breakage rate. Stable operation is the foundation for achieving standardized, high-quality Z-axis reinforcement.

[0021] 4. The yarn system continuously and stably provides reinforcing fiber yarns for the puncture process and controls the state of the yarns during implantation. It is the material supply unit for the active implantation function. It provides and outputs quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarns, ensuring that new, fixed-length yarns are brought into the preform in each puncture cycle, thereby forming an independent Z-axis reinforcing phase, which is fundamentally different from the needle punching process that only extracts matrix fibers. A stable yarn supply is the guarantee for forming a continuous and complete reinforcing network.

[0022] 5. The control system, as the brain of the equipment, coordinates the orderly, precise, and synchronous operation of all subsystems, translating design parameters into physical actions. As the core hub of collaborative action, the control system receives instructions such as processing mode, prefabricated geometric parameters, puncture path, and parameters; and converts them into: motion control instructions for the sliding movements of each component of the frame system to locate the puncture point; rotation control instructions for the puncture adjustment system to set the correct puncture angle; and start / stop, stroke, and speed control instructions for the puncture execution system to execute the puncture action. Through centralized and synchronous control, spatially distributed and functionally independent subsystems are integrated into an organic whole, making "automatic, precise, and flexible processing" possible. This ensures that mode switching from flat to rotating bodies and parameter adjustments from one product to another can be efficiently completed through software instructions, greatly improving the equipment's versatility and intelligence.

[0023] In addition to the objectives, features, and advantages described above, the present invention has other objectives, features, and advantages. The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the figures. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the puncture machine for quartz fiber preforms according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top view of a puncture machine for quartz fiber preforms according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Legend: 100. Frame system; 101. Base; 102. X-axis slide support; 103. Y-axis slide support; 104. Z-axis slide support; 105. Flat tooling table; 1051. Adsorption hole array; 106. Rotary tooling table; 1061. Rotary platform frame; 1062. Rotary worktable; 1063. First stepper motor; 1064. Threaded through hole; 1065. Center positioning hole; 1066. Pressure plate; 200. Puncture adjustment system; 201. Stepper right-angle planetary reducer; 202. Second stepper motor; 203. Rotary motor support plate; 204. Puncture mechanism support plate; 205. Mounting plate; 300. Puncture execution system; 301. Drive stepper motor; 302. Crank; 303. Connecting rod; 304. Linear bearing slider; 305. Y-joint; 306. Puncture spindle; 307. Puncture needle; 400. Yarn system; 401. Yarn frame; 402. Tension adjustment device; 403. Yarn feeding roller; 404. Yarn breakage sensor; 500. Control system. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered below.

[0027] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the puncture machine for quartz fiber preforms in this embodiment includes: a frame system 100, used to provide assembly positions for different types of preforms to achieve the installation and positioning of the preform weaving mold, and to control the 360° axial rotation of the rotating preform; a puncture adjustment system 200, arranged at the sliding movable end of the frame system 100, used to switch between matching puncture methods for different types of preforms, and to adjust to a needle angle and posture matching the preform; and a puncture execution system 300, arranged in the puncture adjustment system 200. On the frame system 100, a puncture adjustment system 200, a puncture execution system 300, and a yarn system 400 are installed on the frame system 100 to provide and output quartz fiber reinforcing yarn to the puncture execution system 300. The control system 500 is electrically connected to the frame system 100, the puncture adjustment system 200, the puncture execution system 300, and the yarn system 400, respectively, for the coordinated operation control of the frame system 100, the puncture adjustment system 200, the puncture execution system 300, and the yarn system 400. This invention relates to a puncture machine for quartz fiber preforms. The frame system 100 provides a stable and adaptable installation reference for different types of preforms and enables precise and controllable movement of the puncture execution unit relative to the fixed workpiece in multiple degrees of freedom. It provides an assembly position to realize the installation and positioning of the preform weaving mold, ensuring the physical basis for processing accuracy and preventing workpiece displacement during processing. Multi-directional sliding control enables the puncture point to cover the entire designed position of the preform, which is a prerequisite for realizing automated and arrayed processing. The combination of these two features constitutes a physical platform for the equipment to perform complex spatial trajectory movements. The puncture adjustment system 200 enables the same puncture execution unit to adapt to the processing requirements of preforms with different geometries (flat / rotating bodies) and optimizes the puncture angle to improve puncture quality. It is a key module for realizing the dual-purpose function of one machine. Switching to the matching puncture mode corresponds to the conversion between two processing modes: flat (vertical puncture) and rotating body (normal or specific angle puncture). Adjusting the needle angle and posture to match the preform is especially critical for rotating curved surface workpieces. By adjusting the angle to ensure that the puncture direction is always as perpendicular as possible to the local curved surface, puncture resistance can be reduced, fiber damage can be reduced, and the trajectory of the implanted yarn can be ensured to conform to the design. Together with the sliding motion of the frame system 100, they form the complete kinematic chain required to complete the complex spatial trajectory. The puncture execution system 300, with controlled force, speed, and depth, drives the puncture needle 307 to precisely complete the core action cycle of penetrating the preform and resetting it. It is the direct execution unit for realizing the active implantation function. The preset reciprocating stroke and speed ensure the consistency, controllability, and repeatability of each puncture action. The stroke control determines the puncture depth, affecting the effective length of the implanted yarn and the bottom yarn snagging effect. The speed control affects the instantaneous impact force of the puncture, which is related to fiber damage and yarn breakage rate. Stable operation is the foundation for achieving standardized, high-quality Z-axis reinforcement.The yarn system 400 continuously and stably provides reinforcing fiber yarns for the puncture process and controls the state of the yarns during implantation. It is the material supply unit for the active implantation function. It provides and outputs quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarns, ensuring that new, fixed-length yarns are brought into the preform in each puncture cycle, thereby forming an independent Z-axis reinforcing phase, which is fundamentally different from the needle punching process that only extracts matrix fibers. A stable yarn supply is the guarantee for forming a continuous and complete reinforcing network. The control system 500, acting as the brain of the equipment, coordinates the orderly, precise, and synchronous operation of all subsystems, translating design parameters into physical actions. As the core hub of this collaborative process, the control system 500 receives instructions such as processing modes, prefabricated geometric parameters, puncture paths, and parameters. These instructions are then transformed into: motion control commands for the sliding movements of the frame system 100 to locate the puncture point; rotation control commands for the puncture adjustment system 200 to set the correct puncture angle; and start / stop, stroke, and speed control commands for the puncture execution system 300 to execute the puncture action. Through centralized and synchronous control, spatially distributed and functionally independent subsystems are integrated into an organic whole, making "automatic, precise, and flexible processing" possible. This ensures that mode switching from flat to rotating bodies and parameter adjustments from one product to another can be efficiently completed through software commands, greatly improving the equipment's versatility and intelligence. This invention relates to a puncture machine for quartz fiber preforms. A frame system 100 provides a basic motion and positioning platform, a puncture adjustment system 200 allows for flexible adaptation of processing modes and angles, a puncture execution system 300 performs precise puncture actions, a yarn system 400 ensures a stable supply of reinforcing materials, and a control system 500 provides integrated and coordinated control of all the above units. These five systems constitute a complete, closed-loop automated processing system. It integrates the process function of actively implanting Z-axis independent reinforcing fibers with the equipment function of processing in both flat and rotating modes. This not only replaces manual labor with automation, ensuring processing accuracy and consistency, but also solves the problem of high-quality Z-axis fiber implantation on complex curved surfaces (such as rotating bodies) through adjustable puncture angles and coordinated motion control. This enables the preparation of high-quality quartz fiber composite preforms with significantly enhanced interlayer properties, meeting the dual requirements of material reliability and preparation efficiency in high-performance applications.

[0028] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in this embodiment, the rack system 100 is a gantry frame structure, including a base 101, an X-axis slide bracket 102, a Y-axis slide bracket 103, a Z-axis slide bracket 104, a flat tooling table 105, and a rotating tooling table 106; the flat tooling table 105 and the rotating tooling table 106 are respectively located in different areas of the base 101, the X-axis slide bracket 102 is arranged above the base 101, the Y-axis slide bracket 103 is arranged at the sliding end of the X-axis slide bracket 102, and the Z-axis slide bracket 104 is arranged at the sliding end of the Y-axis slide bracket 103. The gantry frame structure and base 101 provide a high-rigidity and high-stability main support structure for the entire equipment. The gantry frame is a classic machine tool structure, and its enclosed frame can effectively resist the impact, vibration and loads generated during the puncture process, thus providing a stable reference for the entire processing system. As the installation foundation of the entire structure, the base 101 ensures the relative positional accuracy of each subsystem, which is the fundamental guarantee for the long-term accuracy of the equipment. The high-rigidity frame is a prerequisite for obtaining high repeatability and achieving precision puncture. The separately configured flat tooling table 105 and rotary tooling table 106 provide dedicated and rapid clamping and positioning functions for two different types of preforms, supporting rapid switching of processing modes and thus realizing dual-purpose functionality. The flat tooling table 105 provides a large-plane, highly flat adsorption or clamping reference for flat preforms (placed on the mold); the rotary tooling table 106 provides a center positioning and rotation drive interface for the core mold (on which the rotary preform is fitted). The two are located in different areas of the base 101, which means that while workpieces can be clamped or disassembled on one table, workpieces on the other table can be processed simultaneously or alternately, or mode switching can be easily performed, improving equipment utilization and production organization flexibility.The series arrangement of the X-axis slide bracket 102, Y-axis slide bracket 103, and Z-axis slide bracket 104 constitutes a motion system capable of precise positioning at any point in three-dimensional Cartesian space, serving as the actuator for driving the puncture unit to complete spatial trajectory tracking. The X-axis slide bracket 102 provides a wide range of motion along the length of the base 101; the Y-axis slide bracket 103, mounted on the sliding end of the X-axis slide bracket 102, provides motion along the width of the base 101, and the combination of the two enables positioning at any point in the horizontal plane; the Z-axis slide bracket 104 is mounted on the Y-axis slide bracket... The sliding end of 103 provides vertical lifting motion; this series structure is a mature three-coordinate motion platform solution with a simple kinematic model and clear control logic; when processing a flat preform, the system drives the puncture needle 307 to move in a predetermined array in a two-dimensional plane and perform vertical (Z-direction) puncture; when processing a rotating preform, the system coordinates with the rotational motion of the rotating tooling table 106 and the rotational motion of the puncture adjustment system 200, enabling the puncture head to accurately track the normal direction of the rotating surface and perform puncture, which is the kinematic basis for realizing the ability to process complex curved surfaces. Integrating high-rigidity support, dedicated quick clamping, and three-dimensional precision motion capabilities, this system forms a flexible, versatile, and stable physical processing platform. The stability of the gantry frame and base 101 ensures that the three-dimensional motion system, consisting of the X-axis slide bracket 102, Y-axis slide bracket 103, and Z-axis slide bracket 104, maintains its accuracy during long-term use. The separately configured flat tooling table 105 and rotary tooling table 106 allow this high-precision three-dimensional motion system to serve two different dedicated processing areas as needed. When the control system 500 drives the motion system to move the piercing unit above the flat tooling table 105, the equipment is in flat processing mode. When the motion system moves the piercing unit above the rotary tooling table 106 and links with the rotation axis of the rotary tooling table 106, the equipment switches to rotary processing mode. This separation in physical space and the sharing of the motion system achieve "one machine for two uses, with switchable modes."

[0029] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in this embodiment, the flat tooling table 105 adopts a vacuum adsorption table. The vacuum adsorption table is equipped with an adsorption hole array 1051 to vacuum adsorb and fix the flat quartz fiber preform bottom mold of different sizes, preventing the preform from shifting during puncture. The vacuum adsorption table provides a fast and uniform clamping and fixing method without mechanical interference, realizing full-coverage flexible fixing of the flat quartz fiber preform bottom mold. Compared with the traditional mechanical pressure plate or bolt fixing method, vacuum adsorption fixing tightly fits the bottom surface of the workpiece to the table through negative pressure. The design of the adsorption hole array 1051 allows the adsorption force to be evenly applied to the bottom surface of the workpiece through the array of holes, avoiding local stress concentration. It eliminates the need to reserve clamping space at the edge of the workpiece or specific positions, and eliminates the problem of the puncture needle not being able to reach the predetermined processing area due to clamp interference. This maximizes the utilization of the workpiece processing area and simplifies the clamping operation process. The adaptability to different sized bottom molds gives the flat tooling table 105 the ability to quickly adapt to flat quartz fiber preform bottom molds of different planar dimensions without the need to replace or adjust special fixtures; the vacuum adsorption array 1051 covers the entire effective area of ​​the table; when placing bottom molds of different sizes, it is only necessary to ensure that the bottom mold can cover enough adsorption holes to form an effective seal, and sufficient adsorption force can be generated by the vacuum pump for fixation; this "surface contact, selective sealing" mechanism allows the same table to be compatible with workpieces of various sizes, and clamping can be completed simply by placing and turning on the vacuum, which significantly improves the processing flexibility of the equipment for different specifications of products, reduces tooling preparation and changeover time, and is particularly suitable for small-batch, multi-variety production modes. Under dynamic, high-frequency puncture impact loads, maintaining a high-precision relative positional relationship between the workpiece and the equipment ensures processing accuracy. During the insertion and withdrawal of the puncture needle 307, a frictional force (lateral force) perpendicular to the puncture direction and an impact force along the puncture direction are applied to the workpiece. The normal frictional force generated by vacuum adsorption can effectively resist these dynamic interference forces and prevent the workpiece from sliding or rotating slightly in the horizontal plane. Stable fixation is a prerequisite for ensuring the positional accuracy of the puncture point. If the workpiece shifts during processing, it will directly lead to the overall misalignment of the puncture array, affecting the uniformity and design consistency of the Z-direction reinforcement structure of the preform, and may even cause interference and collision between the puncture needle and the implanted yarn or mold.It provides a stable, reliable, and efficient workpiece positioning reference for the entire automated machining process, which is the fundamental guarantee for achieving high-precision motion and high-quality machining. The vacuum adsorption function of the flat tooling table 105, together with the rigid support of the gantry frame and the precision motion control of the X-axis slide bracket 102, Y-axis slide bracket 103, and Z-axis slide bracket 104, constitutes a complete machining closed loop. The high-rigidity frame provides a static precision foundation for the motion system, while vacuum adsorption provides dynamic process stability for the workpiece. The combination of the two ensures that the puncture point, defined by the CNC program and realized by the motion system, can be accurately transmitted and acted on the firmly fixed workpiece, thereby transforming the designed puncture path into a precise Z-axis fiber implantation array within the preform. Flexible adaptation and rigid fixation are key links in realizing automated, standardized, and high-efficiency flat preform machining.

[0030] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in this embodiment, the rotary tooling table 106 consists of a rotary platform frame 1061, a rotary worktable 1062, and a first stepper motor 1063. The rotary worktable 1062 has threaded through holes 1064 and a central positioning hole 1065 evenly distributed on its surface. Combined with the pressure plate 1066, it achieves coaxial centering and installation of the rotary quartz fiber preform mold. The rotating spindle of the first stepper motor 1063 passes through the central positioning hole 1065 and drives the preform to rotate at a constant speed around the central axis. This, in conjunction with the piercing adjustment system 200 and the piercing execution system 300, completes omnidirectional piercing in both the circumference and axial directions. The rotating fixture table 106 achieves precise coaxial centering and stable installation, providing accurate center positioning and reliable clamping for the rotating quartz fiber preform mold, ensuring the alignment of the rotation axis with the rotating spindle of the equipment. The center positioning hole 1065 of the rotating fixture table 106 provides a radial positioning reference for the mold, while the table with evenly distributed threaded through holes 1064, combined with the pressure plate 1066, provides axial clamping force and circumferentially evenly distributed fastening force, forming a multi-pin clamping system for the mold (the center hole is the main positioning reference, and the pressure plate 1066 provides clamping). This ensures that there is no relative movement or wobble between the mold and the rotating worktable 1062 when the mold rotates at high speed and is subjected to puncture impact. Its rotation center is precisely coincident with the center line of the rotating spindle of the first stepper motor 1063, thus ensuring the concentricity of the workpiece rotation. Precise centering is a prerequisite for avoiding periodic errors in puncture depth and angle on the circumference due to eccentricity, which would affect the uniformity of the preform. To achieve uniform rotational motion and CNC coordination, the first stepper motor 1063 drives the rotary table 1062 and the mold to rotate uniformly around a fixed axis, providing a controllable fourth rotational axis for the three-dimensional puncture motion. The first stepper motor 1063, as the drive source, can receive instructions from the control system 500 to achieve precise speed control and angle positioning. The direct drive method of the rotating spindle passing through the central positioning hole 1065 reduces transmission chain errors and improves the motion accuracy and response speed of the rotating axis. The uniform rotational motion makes it possible for the puncture head to perform continuous or indexed punctures along the circumference of the preform. Its rotation angle is precisely linked with the axial and radial feed motion of the puncture head, which can generate a puncture point array with a predetermined trajectory on the surface of the rotating preform.Supporting comprehensive and coordinated puncture processing, it works in conjunction with the puncture adjustment system 200 and the puncture execution system 300 to achieve full coverage and uniform puncture of the rotating preform along its circumference and axis, extending the planar puncture path planning to spatial curved surface path planning. In the rotating body processing mode, the rotational motion of the rotary table 1062, the normal angle adjustment achieved by the puncture adjustment system 200 driving the puncture head, and the vertical reciprocating puncture motion of the puncture execution system 300 together constitute a multi-axis linkage space. The curved surface processing system utilizes the uniform rotation of the rotary worktable to achieve circumferential feed, while the axial movement of the piercing head provides axial feed. Through the coordinated control of the control system 500 on the first stepper motor 1063, each linear axis motor, and the piercing execution system 300, continuous piercing and fiber implantation operations can be performed on the curved surface of the rotary preform along a predetermined spiral or other path at the correct normal angle. This collaborative working mechanism extends the equipment's processing capabilities from two-dimensional planar processing to three-dimensional curved surface processing. The precise clamping, stable rotation, and spatial piercing action of the mold are organically combined to form an automated processing solution for rotary preforms. The rotary tooling table 106 is the foundation and driver of the entire rotary machining functional module. The first stepper motor 1063 provides controllable rotational power, the rotary platform frame 1061 provides structural support, and the central positioning hole 1065 and the pressure plate 1066 realize precise workpiece clamping. When the mold is firmly installed and driven to rotate at a uniform speed, the X-axis slide bracket 102 and Y-axis of the frame system 100... The slide table support 103 and the Z-axis slide table support 104 drive the puncture head to move axially and radially. The puncture adjustment system 200 adjusts the puncture angle to track the normal of the curved surface. The puncture execution system 300 executes the puncture and fiber implantation action. Under the unified command of the control system 500, these subsystems work in coordination with the rotational motion of the rotary tooling table 106 as the reference. Finally, Z-axis reinforcing fibers are precisely and uniformly implanted into the spatial curved surface workpiece, realizing the technological leap from "fixed workpiece, plane processing" to "rotating workpiece, curved surface processing".

[0031] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in this embodiment, the main body of the puncture adjustment system 200 is a needle holder drive rotation device; the needle holder drive rotation device includes a stepper right-angle planetary reducer 201, a second stepper motor 202, a rotary motor support plate 203, a puncture mechanism support plate 204, and a mounting plate 205; the mounting plate 205 is arranged on the sliding movable end of the Z-axis slide bracket 104, the rotary motor support plate 203 is arranged on the mounting plate 205, the second stepper motor 202 is arranged on the rotary motor support plate 203 via the stepper right-angle planetary reducer 201, and the power output end of the second stepper motor 202 is connected to the puncture mechanism support plate 204 via the power speed change part of the stepper right-angle planetary reducer 201, thereby controlling the angle and posture of the puncture mechanism support plate 204; the puncture execution system 300 is arranged on the puncture mechanism support plate 204 and moves with the puncture mechanism support plate 204, realizing the rapid switching between two puncture methods, namely flat plate type and rotary body type, as well as the adjustment of the needle angle and posture. The drive assembly consisting of the stepper right-angle planetary reducer 201 and the second stepper motor 202 provides the needle holder drive rotation device with high torque, high precision, and compact structure for rotation drive and angle positioning. The second stepper motor 202 provides precise digital angle control capabilities, enabling arbitrary angle setting and indexing positioning. The stepper right-angle planetary reducer 201 has a high reduction ratio, which amplifies the output torque of the second stepper motor 202 to overcome the inertia of the load of the puncture execution system 300, achieving smooth start-stop and precise positioning. The right-angle structure of the stepper right-angle planetary reducer 201 achieves a 90-degree conversion of the power transmission direction, making the axis of the drive motor perpendicular to the rotation output shaft. This optimizes the installation space of the device at the end of the Z-axis slide bracket 104 (sliding movable end), making the structure more compact and avoiding interference with other moving parts. The high reduction ratio also improves the system's position holding rigidity, ensuring that the rotation angle remains stable under puncture impact. The support and transmission structure formed by the rotary motor support plate 203, the puncture mechanism support plate 204, and the mounting plate 205 constructs a rigid, stable, and precise mechanical support and connection interface for transmitting rotational motion. This reliably transmits the rotational motion of the drive components to the puncture execution system 300. The mounting plate 205 serves as the rigid connection interface between the entire needle holder drive rotation device and the Z-axis slide bracket 104 of the frame system 100, bearing the entire load. The rotary motor support plate 203, fixed to the mounting plate 205, serves as the connection point for the second stepper motor 202 and the stepper right-angle planetary reducer 2. 01 provides a stable mounting base; the piercing mechanism support plate 204 is driven to rotate through the output shaft of the stepper right-angle planetary reducer 201, forming a stable cantilever support system; the drive component is fixed, and its output drives the piercing mechanism support plate 204 to rotate around the axis through the reducer; the piercing mechanism support plate 204, as the final output flange, directly bears and drives the entire piercing execution system 300, ensuring that the motion transmission chain from the motor to the piercing head has sufficient rigidity to resist the torsional and bending deformation caused by the piercing reaction force and ensure the accuracy of angle positioning.This system enables rapid switching between two piercing methods and adjustment of angle and posture, allowing the same piercing execution unit to quickly adjust to the preset optimal or required working angle according to the different workpieces (flat plates / rotating bodies). It can also adjust in real-time during processing to track the surface normal, making it the core functional unit for achieving "dual-purpose machine" and "normal piercing." For flat precast bodies, the control system 500 drives the second stepper motor 202 through the stepper right-angle planetary reducer 201 to adjust the piercing mechanism support plate 204 (and the piercing execution system 300 mounted on it) to an angle perpendicular to the worktable surface (or precast plane) (usually 0 degrees as a reference), then locks it, and performs vertical piercing. For preforms of rotation, before or during processing, the control system 500 can calculate the surface normal at the current puncture point in real time based on the mathematical model of the preform's surface, and instruct the second stepper motor 202 to drive the puncture mechanism support plate 204 to adjust the puncture execution system 300 to an angle consistent with the surface normal of the preform, thereby achieving puncture along the surface normal. This "rapid switching" and "attitude adjustment" capability allows the equipment to adapt to two completely different process requirements without changing the dedicated machine head, greatly improving the equipment's versatility and processing quality (especially for rotating bodies, normal puncture can reduce fiber damage and optimize the implantation path). The frame system 100 and the puncture execution system 300 enable flexible reconfiguration of motion direction and working mode; the needle holder drive rotation device is the rotation axis in the entire equipment motion chain; the X-axis slide bracket 102, Y-axis slide bracket 103, and Z-axis slide bracket 104 of the frame system 100 are responsible for positioning the puncture point to a specified coordinate in three-dimensional space; while the needle holder drive rotation device is responsible for adjusting the axial direction of the puncture execution system 300 to the most suitable angle (usually the normal) with the local surface of the workpiece after reaching the coordinate; when machining a flat plate, this angle is fixed as perpendicular; when machining a rotating body, this angle needs to change in real time according to the curvature of the surface; by receiving instructions from the control system 500, it precisely synchronizes with the motion of the linear axis and the rotational motion of the rotating body tooling table 106 to jointly complete the tracking of complex spatial trajectories; its high-rigidity structural design ensures that the angle axis can remain stable during multi-axis linkage, without lag or vibration due to linkage load, thereby ensuring the overall accuracy of the entire spatial motion.

[0032] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in this embodiment, the puncture execution system 300 includes a puncture module and a puncture needle 307. The puncture module includes a drive stepper motor 301, a crank 302, a connecting rod 303, a linear bearing slider 304, a Y-type connector 305, and a puncture spindle 306. The puncture spindle 306 is axially linearly slidable on the puncture mechanism support plate 204 via multiple linear bearing sliders 304. The drive stepper motor 301 is arranged on the puncture mechanism support plate 204, and the power output end of the drive stepper motor 301 is movably connected to the Y-type connector 305 via the crank 302 and the connecting rod 303. The Y-type connector 305 is connected to the end of the puncture spindle 306. The puncture needle 307 adopts a hollow needle body structure. The needle head of the hollow needle body structure is equipped with a smooth puncture tip and a yarn feeding through-hole with a diameter of 0.1mm-0.8mm to accommodate the specifications of quartz fiber reinforcing yarn and prevent scratching of the quartz fiber during puncture. The puncture needle 307 is mounted on the needle holder at the end of the puncture spindle 306 via a needle tip clamping block assembly for quick disassembly and replacement. The reciprocating linear motion mechanism consisting of a crank, connecting rod, and linear bearing slider converts the rotational motion of the stepper motor 301 into precise, stable, and high-frequency vertical reciprocating linear motion of the puncture spindle 306, serving as the core transmission and guiding mechanism for the puncture action. The stepper motor 301 provides controllable rotational power, the crank 302 converts the motor's rotational motion into planar oscillation of the connecting rod 303, which then drives the puncture spindle 306 to perform precise vertical reciprocating motion via a Y-joint 305. The linear bearing slider... Block 304 provides high-precision, low-friction linear motion guidance and radial support for the puncture spindle 306, ensuring that the puncture spindle 306 does not produce radial sway or jamming during high-speed reciprocating motion, and the motion trajectory is perpendicular to the mounting reference plane (puncture mechanism support plate 204). This crank-connecting rod mechanism can provide stable stroke and speed characteristics, and its kinematic characteristics (displacement and velocity curves) are determined by the radius of crank 302, which facilitates the control of the instantaneous speed and impact characteristics of puncture, and is the mechanical basis for achieving stable and repeatable puncture action.The hollow needle structure and its specific geometry provide a protected internal transport channel for the quartz fiber reinforcing yarn and optimize the puncture performance of the needle tip to achieve active implantation and protect the fiber. The hollow structure of the puncture needle 307 forms the yarn transport channel, guiding and protecting the yarn inside the needle body, avoiding severe friction or snagging with the matrix fibers in the preform during puncture, and ensuring continuous and smooth yarn transport. The rounded puncture tip design of the needle head reduces the splitting and squeezing effects when the needle tip penetrates the fiber layer. This design helps to separate the fibers to both sides rather than cut them, reducing puncture resistance and damage to the matrix fibers. The yarn feeding through-hole at the needle head is the exit point for the yarn to leave the needle and be implanted into the preform. The diameter of the yarn feeding through-hole is 0.1mm-0.8mm, which is a design suitable for the conventional specifications of quartz fiber reinforcing yarn (such as monofilament diameter and bundle thickness). If the diameter is too large, the yarn will wobble in the hole and be inaccurately positioned. If the diameter is too small, the yarn will be poorly fed or scratched. The design of this through-hole directly determines the positional accuracy of the implanted yarn and the integrity of the yarn surface. The modularization and tooling of the puncture needle 307 facilitates the rapid replacement of different models of puncture needle 307 according to process requirements (such as yarn specifications and puncture depth), and also facilitates the replacement and maintenance of worn needles. The puncture needle 307 is mounted on the needle holder at the end of the puncture spindle 306 via a needle tip clamping block assembly. This is a typical quick-change or fastening connection method, which makes the disassembly and installation of needles without complex tools or fine adjustments, making the operation simple and quick, improving the operability, maintainability and production flexibility of the equipment. When it is necessary to change the yarn specifications, a needle with a suitable aperture can be replaced simultaneously. When the needles are worn due to long-term use (especially the needle tip and through hole), they can be quickly replaced to restore processing accuracy, thereby ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the equipment and the consistency of the products.Integrating precise linear reciprocating drive, protected yarn channels, optimized puncture geometry, and convenient maintenance interfaces, the system reliably executes the core "insertion-yarn retention-withdrawal" motion cycle. The entire puncture execution system 300 is an integrated power-actuator. The driving stepper motor 301, crank 302, connecting rod 303, linear bearing slider 304, Y-joint 305, and puncture spindle 306 work together to form a power arm providing precise and controllable Z-axis linear motion. The puncture needle 307, as the final actuating component, is mounted at the end of this power arm. During puncture... During the process, the power arm drives the puncture needle 307 to move downward in a straight line, and the hollow needle body protects the internal yarn as it pierces into the preform. When the needle tip reaches the predetermined depth, it hooks the yarn out of the needle tip through hole and leaves it in the preform. Then the power arm drives the needle to retract upward, completing one implantation cycle. The smooth puncture tip and the through hole design of the puncture needle 307 optimize the performance of the two key sub-actions of puncture and yarn retention, respectively, and together ensure low damage and high reliability in the implantation process. The quick disassembly and replacement design gives this precision end piece good maintainability and process adaptability.

[0033] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in this embodiment, the yarn system 400 includes a yarn frame 401, a tension adjusting device 402, a yarn feeding roller 403, and a yarn breakage sensor 404. The yarn frame 401, tension adjusting device 402, and yarn breakage sensor 404 are all arranged in the frame system 100, and the yarn feeding roller 403 is arranged in the puncture execution system 300. The yarn frame 401 is used to place the quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn roll. The tension adjusting device 402 is used to control the tension of the quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn to ensure the smoothness of the quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn transport. The yarn feeding roller 403 and the yarn breakage sensor 404 cooperate with the hollow structure of the puncture needle 307 to accurately feed the quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn into the puncture channel. The yarn breakage sensor 404 determines whether the quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn is interrupted by sensing the movement of the quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn, and then cooperates with the execution of the puncture adjustment system 200. The coordinated arrangement of the yarn cassette 401, tension adjusting device 402, and yarn feeding roller 403 constitutes a continuous, stable, and controllable supply path for quartz fiber reinforcing yarn, from raw material supply and tension control to end-point delivery. The yarn cassette 401, as the carrier of the yarn roll, provides the initial raw material release point. The tension adjusting device 402 (such as a mechanical or electronic tensioner) is positioned within the yarn path; its core function is to apply a controllable resistance opposite to the yarn delivery direction, thereby establishing and maintaining a preset tension value on the yarn. Tension is crucial for brittle materials like quartz fiber; excessive tension can easily cause the yarn to sag dynamically. If the yarn breaks during transport, insufficient tension will cause it to loosen, accumulate in the needle channel, or fail to be smoothly pulled, even affecting the yarn morphology after implantation (such as bending or looping). Through the closed-loop or constant force control of the tension adjustment device 402, the yarn segment from the yarn frame 401 to the yarn feeding roller 403 is kept in an ideal smooth transport state of "tensioned but not overloaded". The yarn feeding roller 403 is arranged on the puncture execution system 300 as the last guide and drive point before the yarn enters the hollow channel of the puncture needle 307, and forms a tight fit with the entrance of the puncture needle 307 to ensure that the yarn can be accurately and centrally introduced into the narrow needle channel. The yarn breakage sensor 404's monitoring and feedback function enables real-time, online monitoring of the yarn conveying status, providing a guarantee mechanism for the system's process reliability and quality consistency. The yarn breakage sensor 404 (based on photoelectric sensing principle, dynamically monitoring yarn movement) is placed at a critical position in the yarn path (such as after the tension adjustment device 402 and before the yarn feeding roller 403) to sense the movement of the quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn itself. During normal yarn feeding, the moving yarn will keep the sensor in a specific state (no signal output). Once the yarn stops conveying due to breakage, stopping, or exhaustion, the sensor's state immediately changes and outputs a signal. This state signal is fed back to the control system 500 in real time. This monitoring is proactive and preventative.The coordinated execution with the piercing system links yarn status monitoring with core equipment motion control, enabling rapid response and safe shutdown in case of processing anomalies, avoiding ineffective processing or equipment damage. When the yarn breakage sensor 404 detects a yarn breakage signal, it immediately transmits the signal to the control system 500. The control system 500 then interrupts the currently executing processing program according to preset safety logic. In conjunction with the execution of the piercing adjustment system 200, the control system 500 will immediately stop sending the next piercing cycle command to the drive stepper motor 301 of the piercing execution system 300, and may simultaneously stop the movement of the slides of the frame system 100 and the rotation of the rotary tooling table 106. The yarn breakage detection and interlocking shutdown function minimizes batch quality loss and equipment idle wear caused by a single fault (yarn breakage). As a functionally closed-loop subsystem, it ensures that the Z-axis reinforcing material is delivered to the correct implantation location at the right time and in the right state, and provides a fail-safe barrier for the entire process. The yarn system 400 works together with the puncture execution system 300 and the control system 500. In each complete puncture and implantation cycle, the yarn system 400 is responsible for passively delivering new yarn into the needle channel during the interval between the needle withdrawal from the preform and preparation for the next puncture. The tension adjustment device 402 ensures that all needled yarns are in place with appropriate tension. When the needle is inserted again, the yarn is fed in synchronously with the needle. The yarn breakage sensor 404 ensures that yarn is inserted in every needle insertion process. The entire supply process is automated and synchronized with the main rhythm. Its stable operation is a prerequisite for ensuring that every Z-axis reinforcing fiber in the preform can be successfully implanted, and yarn breakage detection is a key safety measure to ensure that this stable operation is not interrupted by accident and causes a chain reaction of problems.

[0034] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in this embodiment, the control system 500 uses a PLC as the core controller, paired with a touch screen human-machine interface, and integrates control and signal acquisition modules for various stepper motors and sensors. The touch screen human-machine interface is used to realize the visual setting, storage, and retrieval of processing parameters. Through the preset of multiple sets of processing parameters and the setting of emergency stop, fault alarm, and travel limit safety protection functions, the equipment operating status is displayed in real time, which is convenient for operation and maintenance. The PLC core controller and integrated control provide a centralized, reliable, and programmable automated control core for the entire piercing machine, realizing unified coordination and precise management of multi-axis motion, sequential logic, and process. The programmable logic controller (PLC) is a mature and reliable control core in the field of industrial automation, which is good at handling multiple input / output signals, sequential logic control, and communication with various industrial buses. The PLC, through its integrated control and signal acquisition module, establishes electrical connections with the stepper motors of the slide table in the frame system 100, the second stepper motor 202 of the puncture adjustment system 200, the drive stepper motor 301 of the puncture execution system 300, the first stepper motor 1063 of the rotating tooling table 106, the yarn breakage sensor 404 of the yarn system 400, and other sensors (such as limit switches). This integrates all the dispersed execution units (motors) and sensing units (sensors) into a unified control network. According to the preset processing program (such as G-code or ladder logic), the PLC sends pulse sequences (controlling position and speed) to each motor driver and reads the sensor status in real time. This allows for precise control of the equipment to complete the entire collaborative work cycle from workpiece positioning, angle adjustment, puncture action to yarn delivery, ensuring the timing accuracy and motion coordination of complex action sequences. The touchscreen HMI provides a user-friendly and intuitive interface for equipment operation and process management, lowering the technical barrier to equipment operation and enabling the digital accumulation and reuse of process knowledge. As a host computer, the touchscreen HMI serves as a window for information exchange between operators and the underlying PLC controller. The visualized setting, storage, and retrieval of processing parameters eliminate the need for complex hardware adjustments or code modifications to set key process parameters such as preform size, puncture depth, spacing, speed, rotation speed, and yarn tension. Instead, these parameters can be intuitively input, modified, and saved through a graphical interface. Operators can preset and name multiple sets of parameters for different types of flat or rotating preforms, and directly call the corresponding process files during processing, greatly simplifying the operation process and reducing human error. Real-time display of equipment operating status, such as the current position of each axis, current mode, and alarm information, provides operators with comprehensive monitoring of the operating conditions, facilitating timely detection of anomalies.The integration of safety protection functions constructs a multi-layered safety protection system, ensuring the safety of equipment, workpieces, and operators, and improving the operational reliability and service life of the equipment. The PLC control system achieves multiple safety interlocks through the combination of software and hardware. The emergency stop function cuts off power through hardware circuitry or causes the PLC to immediately execute a safety shutdown procedure in case of an emergency. The fault alarm function is based on sensor feedback (such as yarn breakage sensor 404, motor overload signal, and travel limit signal) and PLC internal diagnostics (such as program errors and communication interruptions). Once an abnormality is detected, a clear alarm message immediately pops up on the touch screen and may trigger a shutdown to guide maintenance. The travel limit function sends signals to the PLC through physical limit switches installed at the extreme positions of mechanical parts to prevent overtravel collisions of various motion axes due to program errors or control failures, protecting the mechanical structure from damage. These safety functions together constitute a safety system that integrates prevention, detection, and response. System collaboration and intelligent management integrate discrete mechanical and electrical components into a flexible, reliable, and easy-to-operate intelligent mechatronics system, achieving a leap from "manual / mechanical control" to "digital program control." The control system 500 is the brain and nerve center of the entire equipment, receiving operation instructions and process parameters from the human-machine interface, interpreting them into specific control logic and motion commands, driving the frame system 100, puncture adjustment system 200, puncture execution system 300, yarn system 400, etc. to work together. Through various sensors, the status of each system and external feedback (such as yarn status and position information) are collected in real time to form closed-loop control or safety monitoring. The function of preset multiple sets of processing parameters enables the equipment to quickly switch between different products, improving production flexibility and facilitating operation and maintenance. The complex machine control logic is encapsulated in a user-friendly interface and preset programs, reducing the difficulty of daily use. At the same time, clear status display and alarm information also accelerate the fault diagnosis and handling process.

[0035] The piercing processing method for the flat quartz fiber preform in this embodiment uses the aforementioned piercing machine for quartz fiber preforms, and includes the following steps: S100, feeding: Connect the vacuum pump to the vacuum platform of the frame system 100, and complete the connection and debugging of the vacuum adsorption system. Place the quartz fiber cloth pre-pierced on the mold according to the design onto the flat tooling table 105 of the frame system 100. Start the vacuum pump to fix the mold, and feed the quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn from the yarn rack 401 sequentially. Passing through the tension adjustment device 402, yarn breakage sensor 404, yarn feeding roller 403, and piercing needle 307, the quartz fiber reinforcing yarn extends 5mm-15mm from the head of the piercing needle 307; S200, piercing adjustment system 200 switches: the drive needle holder drive rotation device rotates the needle holder to be perpendicular to the flat tooling table 105, and drives the X-axis slide bracket 102, Y-axis slide bracket 103, and Z-axis slide bracket 104 to move the piercing head to the piercing position of the quartz fiber fabric stack. Zero point; S300, Parameter setting: Select flatbed processing mode, input processing parameters such as preform size, puncture spacing, puncture depth, puncture frequency, and puncture movement speed, and generate the puncture path; S400, Automated puncture: Start the puncture machine, the X-axis slide bracket 102, Y-axis slide bracket 103, and Z-axis slide bracket 104 move along the preset path, the puncture module drives the puncture needle 307 downward to puncture, after penetrating the preform, a small amount of quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn will remain on the bottom mold. When the puncture needle 307 returns to its original position, the entire bundle of yarn remains in the preform to form a Z-direction yarn puncture bundle. Through the displacement of the needle holder, the quartz fiber reinforcing yarn is driven to complete the puncture operation at all points in sequence. If the quartz fiber reinforcing yarn is interrupted midway, the yarn breakage sensor 404 feeds back to the PLC to interrupt the puncture program and activate the alarm. S500, Unloading: After puncture is completed, the vacuum adsorption is turned off, the processed flat quartz fiber preform is removed, the flat tooling table 105 is cleaned, and the single processing is completed. This invention provides a piercing processing method for flat quartz fiber preforms, transforming the piercing process from a non-standardized operation reliant on manual experience into a series of clear, orderly, and repeatable standardized steps. The method is clearly divided into five main stages: loading, system switching, parameter setting, automated piercing, and unloading. Each stage defines specific operational actions, target states, and key control points. For example, step S100, the loading step, specifies the vacuum fixing method of the mold, the yarn threading path, and the initial length (extending 5mm-15mm), providing consistent starting conditions for each processing step. Step S300, the parameter setting step, centrally and digitally presets key process variables affecting quality (size, spacing, depth, frequency, and speed). This structured process eliminates operational arbitrariness, laying the foundation for consistent product quality and stable production processes.This invention fully utilizes and integrates the core functions of each subsystem of the puncture machine, achieving the process goal of "proactive, precise, and automatic fiber implantation" in a streamlined manner. The method of this invention is a concrete manifestation and orderly application of the hardware and software functions of the equipment at the process level. Step S200 calls the needle holder drive rotation device of the puncture adjustment system 200 to ensure that the puncture angle is perpendicular to the flat tooling table 105, establishing the correct geometric relationship for flat plate processing. Step S300 uses the human-machine interface of the control system 500 to convert the process intention into digital instructions (paths and parameters) that the equipment can execute. Step S400 is the core execution stage. The X-axis slide bracket 102, Y-axis slide bracket 103, and Z-axis slide bracket 104 of the frame system 100 are precisely positioned according to the preset path. The piercing module of the piercing execution system 300 performs reciprocating piercing action. The yarn system 400 synchronously supplies quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn. The control system 500 coordinates all the above actions and executes a safety interruption when the yarn breakage sensor 404 alarms. Throughout the process, the vacuum adsorption system (started in step S100 and shut down in step S500) provides stable workpiece fixation for processing. By pre-controlling key process details, the implantation effect was optimized, improving the processing success rate and the intrinsic quality of the product. In step S100, the quartz fiber reinforcing yarn extends 5mm-15mm (preferably 10mm) from the head of the puncture needle 307, ensuring that sufficient length of yarn can be effectively placed on the bottom mold during the first puncture, thus guaranteeing the formation of a firm Z-direction yarn puncture bundle starting point. In step S400, the puncture needle 307 punctures downwards, penetrating the pre-made... After implantation, a small amount of quartz fiber reinforcing yarn will be left on the bottom mold. When the puncture needle 307 returns to its original position, the entire bundle of yarn will remain in the preform. This specific implantation mechanism clarifies the principle that the device achieves active implantation through the action cycle of "puncture-yarn retention-reset". The centralized setting of parameters such as puncture spacing, puncture depth, puncture frequency, and puncture movement rate in step S300 allows for precise control of key quality and efficiency indicators such as the distribution density of implanted fibers, implantation depth, and processing efficiency. By integrating process monitoring and safety response mechanisms into the core processing flow, closed-loop quality control and risk prevention are achieved in the production process. In step S400, if the quartz fiber reinforcing yarn is interrupted midway, the yarn breakage sensor 404 feeds back to the PLC to interrupt the puncture program and activate an alarm. This is a real-time, online condition judgment and response mechanism in the automated puncture process, directly linking the monitoring function of the yarn system 400 with the program execution logic of the control system 500. Once a yarn breakage occurs, the processing program is actively interrupted, preventing ineffective punctures from continuing in the absence of reinforcing material, thereby avoiding the production of defective products with structural defects and protecting the puncture needle 307 from unnecessary wear. This "monitoring-feedback-interruption" mechanism improves the reliability and intelligence level of automated production.This invention provides a piercing processing method for flat quartz fiber preforms. It defines a standardized and automated work process that is deeply adapted to the hardware functions of a dedicated piercing machine, highly structured, and covers quality control points. Through clear steps of "loading-switching-setting-piercing-unloading," it integrates the dispersed equipment functions—positioning, fixing, angle adjustment, motion control, piercing execution, yarn supply, and safety monitoring—into a coherent, efficient, and repeatable process. This not only clarifies the complete operation sequence from workpiece clamping to finished product unloading but also achieves proactive control over processing quality and process stability through digital presets of key process parameters, precise preparation of the initial yarn state, and systematic response to yarn breakage anomalies. This solves the problems of low efficiency and poor accuracy of manual operation and enables standardized mass production.

[0036] The piercing processing method for the rotary quartz fiber preform of this embodiment uses the aforementioned piercing machine for quartz fiber preforms and includes the following steps: S100, feeding: The rotary quartz fiber layup is placed over the mandrel for piercing, and the mandrel is installed on the rotary tooling table 106. Coaxial positioning is achieved using the center positioning hole 1065 of the rotary tooling table 106 to ensure no eccentricity during the rotation of the preform. The mandrel is then installed using the pressure plate 1066. The quartz fiber reinforcing yarn is sequentially passed through the tension adjusting device 402, the yarn breakage sensor 404, the yarn feeding roller 403, and the puncture needle 307, so that the quartz fiber reinforcing yarn extends 5mm-15mm (preferably 10mm) from the head of the puncture needle 307; S200, the puncture adjustment system 200 switches: driving the X-axis slide bracket 102, the Y-axis slide bracket 103, the Z-axis slide bracket 104, and the drive needle holder drive rotation device. The puncture head is moved to the puncture zero point of the rotating quartz fiber laminate; S300, Parameter Setting: The puncture trajectory data and puncture angle data module are generated according to the two-dimensional digital model of the rotating body, imported into the PLC, the rotating body processing mode is selected, and the processing parameters of preform puncture depth, puncture frequency, and puncture movement speed are input; S400, Automated Puncture: The puncture machine is started, the rotating body tooling table 106 drives the preform to rotate at a uniform speed, and at the same time the puncture execution system 30 0. The Z-axis puncture is completed according to the preset path. The yarn system 400 simultaneously implants the quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn to achieve continuous and uniform puncture of the circumference and axis of the rotary quartz fiber preform. If the quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn is interrupted in the middle, the yarn breakage sensor 404 feeds back to the PLC to interrupt the puncture program and activate the alarm; S500, unloading: After the puncture is completed, the pressure plate 1066 and the mold core are removed, and the processed rotary quartz fiber preform is taken out to complete the single processing. This invention provides a piercing processing method for rotary quartz fiber preforms, along with a specialized clamping and positioning process for curved workpieces. This method offers a precise and reliable clamping and centering mechanism for rotary preforms, ensuring the stability of the workpiece's rotation axis during curved surface processing. It forms the geometric basis for achieving high-quality, uniform circumferential piercing. In step S100, the core mold is coaxially positioned using the central positioning hole 1065 of the rotary tooling table 106, and then fastened using a pressure plate 1066, establishing a system with the central hole as the radial reference. The rigid positioning and clamping scheme, which uses the table surface as the axial reference and the pressure plate 1066 to provide clamping force, ensures that there is no eccentricity during the rotation of the preform. No eccentricity means that when the workpiece rotates around the spindle of the first stepper motor 1063, the radial runout of its outer contour is controlled within a very small range. This ensures that the distance between the puncture needle and the theoretical rotating surface of the workpiece (which affects the actual puncture depth) remains constant at any angle in the circumferential direction. This is the key to overcoming the problem of inconsistent puncture depth caused by clamping errors in the processing of curved workpieces.Based on digital model-based motion trajectory planning and multi-axis linkage control, the geometric information of the rotating body's curved surface is transformed into multi-axis coordinated motion commands executable by the equipment, achieving precise, continuous, and normal-tracking puncture on complex spatial trajectories. In step S300, the trajectory data and angle data modules for the needle puncture are generated according to the two-dimensional digital model of the rotating body. The path (composite motion of circumference and axis) and angle (direction of the needle relative to the curved surface) required for processing are not manually adjusted on-site, but are pre-programmed and calculated offline based on the computer-aided design model of the workpiece. These data modules are then imported into the PLC. In step S400, the guide equipment performs a rotating motion of the preform driven by the rotating tooling table 106 at a constant speed. This motion is combined with the linear axis motion of the X-axis slide bracket 102, Y-axis slide bracket 103, and Z-axis slide bracket 104, as well as the angle adjustment motion of the drive needle holder rotating device. This multi-axis linkage ensures that the puncture point can move along a preset spatial curve (such as a spiral), and the direction of the puncture needle can be adjusted in real time according to the model data to keep it as perpendicular (normal) to the local surface of the workpiece as possible, thereby achieving continuous and uniform puncture in both the circumference and axial direction. The continuous synchronous rotation-puncture-fiber implantation collaborative operation achieves precise synchronization of puncture action, yarn implantation, and workpiece feeding under dynamic rotation, integrating discrete point punctures into continuous surface reinforcement operations. In the automated puncture process of step S400, the uniform rotation of the rotary tooling table 106 provides continuous circumferential feeding, replacing the stepping movement of the Y-axis slide support 103 in flat plate processing. The linear axis of the frame system 100 performs axial (and possibly radial fine-tuning) interpolation movements as needed (based on trajectory data). Under the coordination of the control system 500, the puncture execution system 300 performs Z-axis puncture at each predetermined position on the composite trajectory of rotation and linear motion, while the yarn system 400 implants yarn synchronously. Rotational and linear motions determine the puncture position, angle adjustment determines the puncture direction, the puncture action executes the puncture, and the yarn feeding system completes the implantation. Seamlessly connected, it achieves efficient and uninterrupted operation on the rotating curved surface, overcoming the shortcomings of low efficiency and poor continuity of manual or indexing processing methods.This invention provides a complete safety and quality assurance closed loop for curved surface machining. In complex dynamic multi-axis machining, it incorporates process monitoring and safety protection mechanisms that are equal to or even more important than those for flat surface machining, ensuring the controllability and yield of curved surface machining. The method integrates the safety logic of the yarn breakage sensor 404 feeding back to the PLC to interrupt the puncture program. In the machining of rotating bodies, the multi-axis linkage is complex. Once an invalid puncture occurs due to yarn breakage, it not only wastes materials but may also lead to the destruction of the integrity of the prefabricated structure and the continuity of the designed mechanical properties due to the presence of leaks on the trajectory, which are difficult to repair later. This interruption mechanism can immediately stop all linkage axes (rotation axis, linear axis, angular axis, puncture axis) to prevent the defects from expanding. Combined with the eccentric clamping emphasized in step S100, it provides assurance for the automated machining quality of high-difficulty workpieces such as rotating bodies from two dimensions: initial positioning accuracy and process status monitoring. This invention provides a puncture processing method for rotary quartz fiber preforms. Targeting curved surface geometry, it achieves fully automated processing from precise clamping, digital trajectory planning, multi-axis linkage execution to safety monitoring. The method ensures workpiece rotation accuracy through center positioning and clamping with pressure plate 1066. It digitizes and predicts the processing path by generating trajectory and angle data based on CAD models. Furthermore, it achieves precise multi-axis linkage by controlling the rotation of the rotary table 1062, the movement of the linear slide, the adjustment of the needle holder angle, and the reciprocating motion of the puncture spindle 306. Ultimately, it achieves continuous, uniform, and normal Z-axis fiber synchronous implantation on the dynamically rotating workpiece. This not only transforms the equipment's ability to process rotary bodies from a concept into a repeatable process procedure but also ensures the reliability of the complex curved surface processing and the consistency of finished product quality by incorporating safety features such as yarn breakage monitoring. This solves the problems of difficult manual processing, low automation, and poor quality consistency in rotary preforms.

[0037] The beneficial effects of the puncture machine and puncture process of this invention for quartz fiber preforms are as follows: 1. Automated operation improves production efficiency: It replaces manual piercing and realizes integrated automated operation of yarn feeding and piercing, which greatly reduces the intensity of manual labor and increases production efficiency by more than 80% compared with manual methods, meeting the needs of large-scale standardized production. 2. Precise implantation to ensure processing accuracy: Through a high-precision positioning mechanism, the puncture point is precisely controlled, and the error of puncture spacing and depth is controlled within ±0.5mm, effectively avoiding human operation error and ensuring the uniformity and density consistency of the preform puncture. 3. Dual-purpose machine, compatible with multiple types of preforms: This equipment can quickly switch between flat / rotary processing modes, adapting to flat quartz fiber preforms of different sizes and specifications (maximum processing size can cover 1000mm×1000mm) and rotary preforms (large end diameter φ50mm-φ300mm, height ≤700mm), improving the equipment's versatility and applicability; 4. Active fiber implantation to enhance interlayer performance: With a dedicated yarn feeding and puncture needle, reinforcing fibers can be actively implanted in the Z direction to form a regular suture array. Compared with the existing needle punching equipment that relies solely on the fiber entanglement connection method, the interlayer bonding force of the preform is increased by more than 50%, effectively solving the problem of easy delamination and cracking in two-dimensional lay-up. 5. Flexible adjustment to meet diverse needs: The puncture parameters (puncture speed, spacing, and depth) can be flexibly adjusted through the control system to adapt to the processing of quartz fiber cloth lay-up bodies of different thicknesses and layers, meeting the technical requirements of customized prefabrication bodies in aerospace and other fields.

[0038] Matters not covered in this invention are common knowledge.

[0039] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0040] The embodiments described above are merely examples of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A puncture machine for quartz fiber preforms, characterized in that, include: A frame system (100) is used to provide assembly positions for different types of preforms to achieve the installation and positioning of preform weaving molds, and to control the 360° axial rotation of rotating preforms. The puncture adjustment system (200) is installed on the sliding movable end of the frame system (100) and is used to switch between different types of precast bodies to match the puncture method and adjust to the puncture angle and posture that match the precast body. The puncture execution system (300) is installed on the puncture adjustment system (200) and is used to perform in-and-out puncture in the thickness direction of the precast body with a preset reciprocating stroke and speed; A yarn system (400), located on the frame system (100), is used to provide and output quartz fiber reinforcing yarn to the piercing execution system (300); The control system (500) is electrically connected to the frame system (100), the puncture adjustment system (200), the puncture execution system (300), and the yarn system (400), respectively, for the coordinated operation control of the frame system (100), the puncture adjustment system (200), the puncture execution system (300), and the yarn system (400).

2. The puncture machine for quartz fiber preforms according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rack system (100) is a gantry frame structure, including a base (101), an X-axis slide bracket (102), a Y-axis slide bracket (103), a Z-axis slide bracket (104), a flat tooling table (105), and a rotary tooling table (106). The flat tooling table (105) and the rotary tooling table (106) are located in different areas of the base (101). The X-axis slide bracket (102) is arranged above the base (101), the Y-axis slide bracket (103) is arranged at the sliding end of the X-axis slide bracket (102), and the Z-axis slide bracket (104) is arranged at the sliding end of the Y-axis slide bracket (103).

3. The puncture machine for quartz fiber preforms according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flat tooling table (105) adopts a vacuum adsorption table. The vacuum adsorption table is equipped with an adsorption hole array (1051) to vacuum adsorb and fix the bottom mold of the flat quartz fiber preform of different sizes, so as to prevent the preform from shifting during the puncture process.

4. The puncture machine for quartz fiber preforms according to claim 2, characterized in that, The rotary tooling table (106) consists of a rotary platform frame (1061), a rotary worktable (1062), and a first stepper motor (1063); The rotary worktable (1062) has threaded through holes (1064) and a center positioning hole (1065) evenly distributed on its surface. Combined with the pressure plate (1066), it achieves coaxial centering and installation of the rotary quartz fiber preform mold. The rotating spindle of the first stepper motor (1063) passes through the center positioning hole (1065) and drives the preform to rotate at a constant speed around the central axis. Then, in conjunction with the piercing adjustment system (200) and the piercing execution system (300), it completes circumferential and axial piercing.

5. The puncture machine for quartz fiber preforms according to claim 2, characterized in that, The main body of the puncture adjustment system (200) is a needle holder drive rotation device; The needle holder drive rotation device includes a stepper right-angle planetary reducer (201), a second stepper motor (202), a rotary motor support plate (203), a puncture mechanism support plate (204), and a mounting plate (205). The mounting plate (205) is arranged on the sliding end of the Z-axis slide bracket (104), the rotary motor support plate (203) is arranged on the mounting plate (205), the second stepper motor (202) is arranged on the rotary motor support plate (203) via the stepper right-angle planetary reducer (201), and the power output end of the second stepper motor (202) is connected to the piercing mechanism support plate (204) via the power speed change part of the stepper right-angle planetary reducer (201), thereby controlling the angle and attitude of the piercing mechanism support plate (204); The puncture execution system (300) is installed on the puncture mechanism support plate (204) and moves with the puncture mechanism support plate (204) to realize the rapid switching between two puncture modes, namely flat plate and rotary body, as well as the adjustment of the needle angle and posture.

6. The puncture machine for quartz fiber preforms according to claim 5, characterized in that, The puncture execution system (300) includes a puncture module and a puncture needle (307); The puncture module includes a drive stepper motor (301), a crank (302), a connecting rod (303), a linear bearing slider (304), a Y-type connector (305), and a puncture spindle (306). The puncture spindle (306) is axially linearly slidably arranged on the puncture mechanism support plate (204) via multiple linear bearing sliders (304). The drive stepper motor (301) is arranged on the puncture mechanism support plate (204), and the power output end of the drive stepper motor (301) is movably connected to the Y-type connector (305) via the crank (302) and the connecting rod (303). The Y-type connector (305) is connected to the end of the puncture spindle (306). The puncture needle (307) adopts a hollow needle body structure. The head of the hollow needle body structure is equipped with a smooth puncture tip and a yarn feeding through hole. The diameter of the through hole is 0.1mm-0.8mm to adapt to the specifications of quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn and avoid scratching the quartz fiber during puncture. The puncture needle (307) is installed on the needle holder at the end of the puncture main shaft (306) through the needle pressure block assembly for quick disassembly and replacement.

7. The puncture machine for quartz fiber preforms according to claim 6, characterized in that, The yarn system (400) includes a yarn frame (401), a tension adjustment device (402), a yarn feed roller (403), and a yarn breakage sensor (404). The yarn holder (401), tension adjustment device (402) and yarn breakage sensor (404) are all arranged in the frame system (100), and the yarn feeding roller (403) is arranged in the puncture execution system (300). The yarn holder (401) is used to place the quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn roll. The tension adjustment device (402) is used to control the tension of the quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn to ensure the smoothness of the quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn transport. The yarn feeding roller (403) and the yarn breakage sensor (404) cooperate with the hollow structure of the puncture needle (307) to accurately feed the quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn into the puncture channel. The yarn breakage sensor (404) senses the movement of the quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn and then determines whether the quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn is interrupted, and then cooperates with the execution of the puncture adjustment system (200).

8. The puncture machine for quartz fiber preforms according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control system (500) uses a PLC as the core controller, is equipped with a touch screen human-machine interface, and integrates various stepper motor and sensor control and signal acquisition modules. The touchscreen human-machine interface is used to visualize, store, and recall machining parameters; With multiple preset processing parameters and safety protection functions such as emergency stop, fault alarm, and travel limit, the equipment's operating status is displayed in real time, facilitating operation and maintenance.

9. A puncture processing method for a flat quartz fiber preform, characterized in that, The puncture machine for quartz fiber preforms according to any one of claims 1 to 8 comprises the following steps: S100, Feeding: Connect the vacuum pump to the vacuum platform of the frame system (100), and complete the connection and debugging of the vacuum adsorption system. Place the quartz fiber cloth stacked on the mold according to the design and place it on the flat tooling table (105) of the frame system (100). Start the vacuum pump to fix the mold. Pass the quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn through the yarn rack (401) in sequence through the tension adjustment device (402), the yarn breakage sensor (404), the yarn feeding roller (403) and the piercing needle (307), so that the quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn extends 5mm-15mm from the head of the piercing needle (307). S200, Puncture Adjustment System (200) Switching: Drive the needle holder drive rotation device to rotate the needle holder to be perpendicular to the flat tooling table (105), drive the X-axis slide bracket (102), Y-axis slide bracket (103), and Z-axis slide bracket (104) to move the puncture head to the puncture zero point of the quartz fiber cloth stack. S300, Parameter Settings: Select the flat plate processing mode, input the processing parameters such as preform size, puncture spacing, puncture depth, puncture frequency, and puncture movement speed, and generate the puncture path; S400, Automated puncture: Start the puncture machine, the X-axis slide bracket (102), Y-axis slide bracket (103), and Z-axis slide bracket (104) move along the preset path, the puncture module drives the puncture needle (307) to puncture downwards, after penetrating the preform, a small amount of quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn will be left on the bottom mold. When the puncture needle (307) returns to its original position, the entire bundle of yarn is left in the preform to form a Z-axis yarn puncture bundle. Through the displacement of the needle bracket, the quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn is driven to complete the puncture operation at all points in sequence. If the quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn is interrupted in the middle, the yarn breakage sensor (404) feeds back to the PLC to interrupt the puncture program and activate the alarm. S500, Unloading: After puncture, turn off vacuum adsorption, remove the processed flat quartz fiber preform, clean the flat tooling table (105), and complete the single processing.

10. A puncture processing method for a rotary quartz fiber preform, characterized in that, The puncture machine for quartz fiber preforms according to any one of claims 1 to 8 comprises the following steps: S100, Feeding: The rotating quartz fiber stack is placed outside the core mold for piercing. The core mold is installed on the rotating tooling table (106). The center positioning hole (1065) of the rotating tooling table (106) is used for coaxial positioning to ensure that there is no eccentricity during the rotation of the preform. The core mold is installed by the pressure plate (1066). The quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn is passed through the tension adjustment device (402), the yarn breakage sensor (404), the yarn feeding roller (403), and the piercing needle (307) in sequence, so that the quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn extends 5mm-15mm from the head of the piercing needle (307). S200, Puncture Adjustment System (200) Switching: Drive the X-axis slide bracket (102), Y-axis slide bracket (103), Z-axis slide bracket (104) and drive the needle holder to rotate the device to move the puncture head to the puncture zero point of the rotating quartz fiber layup; S300, Parameter Settings: Generate the needle trajectory data and needle angle data module according to the two-dimensional digital model of the rotating body, import it into the PLC, select the rotating body processing mode, and input the processing parameters of preform puncture depth, puncture frequency, and puncture movement speed. S400, Automated puncture: Start the puncture machine, the rotary tooling table (106) drives the preform to rotate at a uniform speed, and at the same time the puncture execution system (300) completes the Z-direction puncture according to the preset path. The yarn system (400) simultaneously implants the quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn to achieve continuous and uniform puncture of the circumference and axis of the rotary quartz fiber preform. If the quartz fiber reinforcing fiber yarn is interrupted in the middle, the yarn breakage sensor (404) feeds back to the PLC to interrupt the puncture program and start the alarm. S500, Material Cutting: After piercing, remove the pressure plate (1066) and mold core, and take out the processed rotary quartz fiber preform to complete the single processing.

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