A replaceable gate water tank for hydraulic engineering test

Abstract

This invention discloses a water tank for hydraulic engineering experiments with replaceable gates, specifically relating to the technical field of hydraulic engineering experimental equipment. It includes a water tank body, a water flow circulation device, and a replaceable gate device. The side walls and bottom plate of the water tank body are provided with mortise and tenon joint areas. The water flow circulation device includes a water pump and a connecting pipeline system. The water pump is connected to the outlet and inlet of the water tank body through the connecting pipeline system. The replaceable gate device includes a set of replaceable gate plates. The gate plates and the mortise and tenon joint areas are fitted together using a labyrinth-type composite mortise and tenon structure. This invention's water tank for hydraulic engineering experiments with replaceable gates, through the labyrinth-type composite mortise and tenon structure between the gate plates and the water tank body, achieves tool-free vertical sliding-in rapid installation and replacement, and provides a comparative testing platform for various mortise and tenon structures such as C-type, T-type, and L-type, improving experimental efficiency and scientific research value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of experimental equipment technology for water conservancy projects, and in particular to a water tank for water conservancy projects with replaceable gates. Background Technology

[0002] Flumes are core indoor testing equipment in hydraulic engineering, marine engineering, and environmental hydraulics, widely used in studies of flow characteristics, orifice outflow, weir flow, energy dissipation mechanisms, and structural hydrodynamic responses. The structural design, ease of operation, and ability to switch operating conditions of a test flume directly affect the accuracy, comparability, and efficiency of test results. Currently, most existing test flumes use fixed or bolted gate structures. When switching between different flow conditions, these structures typically require disassembly and reassembly of the gates or related components, which is cumbersome, time-consuming, and prone to positioning errors and sealing failures, making rapid and standardized switching difficult. Furthermore, the connection between the gates and the flume body in traditional flumes is mainly planar contact or simple embedding, with sealing performance relying on external compression or filling materials. Under high head and long-term operation conditions, lateral leakage is prone to occur, affecting flow field stability and data accuracy. On the other hand, with the continuous development of prefabrication and assembly technology in modern water conservancy projects, such as prefabricated sluice gates and modular energy dissipation structures, there is an urgent need for a test platform capable of simulating the impact of different prefabricated component connection methods on structural stability and water-stopping performance in indoor tests. However, existing flume devices generally lack the ability to conduct systematic comparative studies on different assembly interface forms, making it difficult to meet the testing requirements of high sealing performance, replaceability, and multi-functional integration for the development of new hydraulic structures. In summary, the existing technology has the following shortcomings: First, the efficiency of gate replacement and operating condition switching is low, making it difficult to achieve rapid comparative testing of multiple operating conditions. Secondly, the poor sealing between the gate and the tank body makes it prone to side leakage, which affects the accuracy of the test. Finally, the lack of a standardized interface platform for research on prefabricated assembly structures limits the depth and breadth of research on hydraulic structure connection methods.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a new type of water tank for water testing in water conservancy projects that is structurally reasonable, easy to operate, reliably sealed, and supports comparative studies of multiple working conditions and multiple interface types. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide a test water tank for hydraulic engineering with replaceable gates, which can effectively solve the problems of cumbersome gate replacement operation, poor sealing performance and easy side leakage in the prior art, as well as the lack of a test platform that can compare various prefabricated assembly interface forms.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A test water tank for hydraulic engineering with replaceable gates includes a tank body, a water flow circulation device, and a replaceable gate device. The side walls and bottom plate of the tank body are provided with mortise and tenon joint areas. The water flow circulation device includes a water pump and a connecting pipeline system. The water pump is connected to the outlet and inlet of the tank body through the connecting pipeline system, thereby forming a closed self-circulating water circuit. This self-circulating water circuit does not require external water supply, reducing the amount of test water and operating costs. The replaceable gate device includes a set of replaceable gate plates.

[0006] As a core improvement, the gate plate and the mortise and tenon plate are joined by a labyrinthine composite mortise and tenon structure. This labyrinthine composite mortise and tenon structure has multiple interlocking bending paths, such as S-shaped or zigzag cross-sections, which allows the gate plate to slide vertically downwards for installation, enabling quick replacement without any tools. On the other hand, this structure achieves excellent lateral water-stopping performance by greatly extending the lateral seepage path and introducing multiple local head losses, thereby avoiding leakage errors under high head tests and ensuring flow field stability and measurement data accuracy.

[0007] Furthermore, to meet the simulation requirements of various typical flow conditions in water conservancy projects, the set of replaceable gate plates preferably includes the following five standardized plates: a gate top overflow plate with a notch at the top to simulate weir flow; a high-level drainage outlet plate with a through hole at the top to simulate high-level orifice outflow; a mid-level drainage outlet plate with a through hole in the middle to simulate mid-level orifice outflow; a low-level drainage outlet plate with a through hole at the bottom to simulate deep-hole discharge; and a gate bottom culvert plate with a notch at the bottom to simulate gate orifice outflow or culvert flow. By replacing different gate plates, operators can switch experimental conditions within minutes and quickly complete multi-condition comparative tests on the same device, significantly improving research efficiency.

[0008] Furthermore, to adapt to test scenarios with varying precision requirements and cost budgets, and to provide a platform for research on connection methods of prefabricated assembled structures, three comparative forms of the mating structure between the mortise and tenon joint area and the gate plate are provided: Form 1 is a C-shaped groove structure, using a right-angled concave joint and a rectangular protrusion, suitable for cost-sensitive foundation isolation experiments; Form 2 is a T-shaped tenon structure, with a T-shaped flared tenon and mortise, which can significantly enhance resistance to lateral thrust and is suitable for high-head pressure experiments; Form 3 is an L-shaped interlocking structure, designed with a single-stage bending path, which reduces leakage by increasing the seepage path length. Comparative tests showed that the labyrinthine composite structure exhibited the highest impermeability and structural stability, and was therefore determined as the preferred connection method for quantitative hydraulic experiments such as orifice flow coefficient determination.

[0009] Preferably, the main body of the water tank is made of transparent materials such as acrylic. Combined with the near-zero side leakage characteristic of the labyrinth-type composite structure, the experimenters can accurately observe the water flow and tongue shape, the position of the contraction section, and the hydraulic jump phenomenon after the gate at different opening positions through the tank wall and gate plate, thereby providing intuitive and reliable experimental data for hydraulic theory research.

[0010] To achieve precise control of the experimental water level, the water flow circulation device is also equipped with a flow regulating valve and a flow meter, both of which are installed on the connecting pipeline system. By adjusting the valve and reading the flow meter, a stable experimental water level and pressure environment can be constructed in front of gates with different orifice types, meeting the consistency requirements of hydraulic boundary conditions under different operating conditions.

[0011] To ensure a smooth inflow and eliminate turbulence introduced by the water pump, a flow-rectifying and energy-dissipating device, such as a grid-like or honeycomb structure, is fixedly installed inside the inlet of the main body of the water tank. Simultaneously, the mortise and tenon joint area and the replaceable gate plate are positioned approximately two-thirds of the total length from the inlet of the main body of the water tank. In this way, the water flow, after preliminary treatment by the flow-rectifying and energy-dissipating device, has a sufficiently long natural and stable flow path before reaching the gate plate, thereby forming a uniform and stable experimental flow field and avoiding data deviations caused by turbulent flow.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention provides a water tank for hydraulic engineering experiments with replaceable gates. Through the labyrinthine composite mortise and tenon structure between the gate plate and the main body of the water tank, it achieves tool-free vertical sliding-in quick installation and replacement. It provides a comparative testing platform for various mortise and tenon structures such as C-type, T-type, and L-type, thereby improving experimental efficiency and scientific research value.

[0013] 2. This invention provides a water tank for hydraulic engineering tests with a replaceable gate. Its labyrinthine composite mortise and tenon structure has multiple interlocking bending paths, which greatly extends the lateral seepage path and introduces multiple local head losses, achieving excellent lateral water-stopping performance, avoiding leakage errors under high head tests, and ensuring flow field stability and data accuracy.

[0014] 3. This invention provides a test water tank for hydraulic engineering with replaceable gates, integrating four types of comparison interfaces: C-type, T-type, L-type, and labyrinth type. It provides a comparison test platform for prefabricated assembly structure connection methods and is equipped with five types of standardized gate plates, which can quickly simulate typical hydraulic conditions such as weir flow, orifice outflow, and culvert flow. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the isoaxial structure of the device of the present invention; Figure 2 These are three views of the device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a detailed schematic diagram of the mortise and tenon joint area of ​​the present invention and four different mortise and tenon structure; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of five different opening forms of replaceable gate plates based on a labyrinthine composite structure according to the present invention.

[0016] In the diagram: 1. Water tank body; 2. Mortise and tenon joint area; 3. Gate plate; 4. Water pump; 5. Flow meter; 6. Connecting pipeline system; 7. Rectifying and energy dissipation device. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0018] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the water tank for hydraulic engineering tests with replaceable gates provided by the present invention mainly consists of four parts: the tank body 1, the water flow circulation device, the replaceable gate device, and the water flow control and monitoring device.

[0019] The main body 1 of the water tank is made of transparent acrylic material. A set of mortise and tenon joint areas 2 for installing gates is vertically formed on the inner side walls and bottom plate. To ensure structural strength and observation clarity, the thickness of the transparent acrylic sheet is preferably 15mm to 25mm. An aluminum alloy reinforcing frame is installed at intervals of 1.0m to 1.5m on the outside of the main body 1 to prevent bending deformation caused by water pressure. A leveling pad is also installed at the bottom of the main body 1 for leveling before the experiment. The water flow circulation device includes a water pump 4 and a connecting pipeline system 6. The water pump 4 is preferably a variable frequency centrifugal pump with a rated head of not less than 10m and a flow rate adjustment range of 0 to 50m³ / h. The connecting pipeline system 6 uses DN50 to DN100 PVC-U water supply pipes, and all connections are sealed with flanges or socket joints to ensure no leakage under 0.6MPa water pressure. The inlet of the water pump 4 is connected to the outlet of the water tank body 1 via a connecting pipeline system 6, and its outlet is connected to the inlet of the water tank body 1 via the connecting pipeline system 6, thus forming a closed self-circulating water circuit. The water flow control and monitoring device includes a flow meter 5 and a flow control valve installed on the connecting pipeline system 6, used to regulate and monitor the water flow rate in the circulation pipeline. The flow meter 5 is preferably an electromagnetic flow meter with an accuracy class of not less than 0.5; the flow control valve is an electrically or manually adjustable butterfly valve, equipped with an opening indicator panel.

[0020] To ensure a stable flow pattern of water entering the tank, a flow rectification and energy dissipation device 7 is fixedly installed inside the inlet of the tank body 1. This device 7 is preferably a grid-like or honeycomb structure, used to forcibly rectify and dissipate the turbulent water flow pumped in by the water pump 4, allowing it to smoothly enter the test section of the tank body 1. Specifically, the flow rectification and energy dissipation device 7 is made of 304 stainless steel plate with a thickness of 3mm. The honeycomb structure is a regular hexagon with a side-to-side distance of 8mm to 12mm. The total length of the device is 150mm to 250mm, and it is detachably fixed to a slot at the rear end of the inlet using bolts. A perforated plate with a 5mm aperture is also provided at the front end of the device as primary energy dissipation.

[0021] Specifically, the mortise and tenon joint area 2 and its matching replaceable gate plate 3 are positioned approximately two-thirds of the total length from the inlet of the main body of the water tank 1. Taking a main body of the water tank 1 with a total length of 2400mm as an example, the distance from the inlet to the centerline of the gate plate 3 is 1600mm. The remaining 800mm serves as the tailrace section after the gate, ensuring sufficient development of the hydraulic jump. This specific positioning design ensures that the water flow, after being treated by the rectification and energy dissipation device 7, has a sufficiently long natural and stable flow path before reaching the gate plate 3, thereby forming a stable experimental water level and flow field and ensuring the accuracy of the experimental data.

[0022] Example 1: Comparison and Optimization Test of Mortise and Tenon Connection Structures To investigate the impact of different prefabricated component assembly structures on the water-stopping performance and structural stability of the gate, this invention designed and tested four different geometric mortise and tenon joint structures. Please refer to... Figure 3 These four structures are specifically: The first type: C-shaped groove structure. This structure uses a simple right-angled concave groove and a rectangular protruding tenon for mating. The groove is 5mm deep and 8mm wide; the tenon is 5mm high and 7.8mm wide, with a mating clearance of 0.2mm. In the comparative experiment, the operator slides the gate plate 3 with the C-shaped tenon vertically downwards into the C-shaped mortise and tenon joint area 2 on the main body of the water tank 1. This structure is simple to manufacture and suitable for cost-sensitive basic partition experiments.

[0023] The second type: T-shaped tenon structure. The tenon of this structure is T-shaped with an flared opening, and the matching mortise is also T-shaped. The neck width of the tenon is 6mm, the head width is 12mm, and the total height is 8mm; the corresponding mortise clearance is 0.15mm. The operator slides the T-shaped gate plate 3 vertically into the T-shaped joint area 2. Due to its flared interlocking feature, this structure significantly enhances resistance to lateral thrust during high head pressure tests, and its structural stability is superior to the first type.

[0024] The third type: L-shaped interlocking structure. This structure is designed with a single-stage 90-degree bend. The horizontal projection length of the bend section is 8mm, and the vertical height is 10mm. The operator slides the L-shaped gate plate 3 vertically into the L-shaped junction area 2. The single-stage bend structure effectively extends the path length of water flow from one side of the gate to the other, i.e., the seepage path, thereby reducing leakage by increasing local head loss.

[0025] The fourth type: a labyrinthine composite structure. This structure employs a multi-bend design, including at least two consecutive, opposite 90-degree bends, forming a labyrinthine channel with an S-shaped or zigzag cross-section. Specifically, the labyrinthine channel consists of three alternating horizontal sections and two vertical sections, with a total seepage path length of 35mm to 45mm and a minimum channel gap of 2mm. The fit tolerance between the gate plate 3 and the mortise and tenon joint area 2 is H7 / f6, ensuring smooth sliding without significant wobbling. The operator slides the labyrinthine gate plate 3 vertically into the labyrinthine joint area 2. Seepage comparison tests show that this structure significantly extends the seepage path and introduces multiple local head losses, exhibiting the highest anti-seepage performance.

[0026] Given that one of the core purposes of this device is to conduct high-precision hydraulic experiments such as orifice outflow, excellent lateral water-stopping performance is required to avoid flow measurement errors. Therefore, this invention identifies the fourth form mentioned above, namely the labyrinth-type composite structure, as the preferred connection method for quantitative hydraulic experiments. In all subsequent operating condition simulation experiments, this labyrinth-type composite structure is used as the standard interface between the gate plate 3 and the mortise and tenon plate joint area 2.

[0027] Example 2: Operation and Flow Regulation of a Self-Circulating System Before conducting any experiment, first fill the main body of the water tank 1 with sufficient experimental water. The water depth should be at least 200mm higher than the suction inlet of the water pump 4 to prevent air suction. Upon initial startup or restart after a long period of shutdown, open the vent valve of the water pump 4 to expel air from the pump body and pipes until water is continuously flowing out, then close the vent valve. Start the water pump 4; it provides power to draw water from the downstream end of the main body of the water tank 1 and transport it through the connecting pipeline system 6 to the inlet at the upstream end of the main body of the water tank 1, forming a continuous self-circulating water flow. The experimenter precisely sets the required experimental flow rate by adjusting the flow control valve on the connecting pipeline system 6 and observing the reading of the flow meter 5. When adjusting the flow rate, the valve should be opened slowly, and the system should be allowed to run stably for at least 2 minutes after each adjustment. Data should only be recorded after the fluctuation of the flow meter 5 reading is less than ±1.5%. After the water flows through the rectifier and energy dissipation device 7 at the inlet, the turbulence is effectively suppressed. After flowing through a stable process of about two-thirds of the length of the water tank, the water reaches the test section where the gate plate 3 is installed in a smooth and uniform flow state.

[0028] Example 3: Full-condition hydraulic simulation experiment Based on the preferred labyrinthine composite structure in Embodiment 1 as a universal interface, this invention is equipped with a set of five standardized, replaceable gate plates 3 with different flow characteristics. All gate plates 3 have the same external dimensions: 300mm high, width equal to the inner width of the water tank body 1, and 25mm thick. They are made of the same transparent acrylic material as the tank body and can be interchanged without changing the interface. Please refer to... Figure 4 During the experiment, simply pull the current gate plate 3 vertically upwards and then slide the other gate plate 3 vertically downwards to complete the switching of operating conditions within minutes. When sliding in, hold the handle grooves on both sides of the gate plate 3 with both hands, align them with the upper opening of the mortise and tenon joint area 2, and slowly and vertically insert it. It will fall naturally to the bottom under gravity, without the need for additional tools or hammering. The five specific operating conditions are simulated as follows: First, the overflow experiment at the top of the gate: The operator slides the overflow plate vertically into the mortise and tenon joint area 2. The top of the overflow plate has a semi-circular or rectangular notch. The shape and dimensions of the notch are as follows: semi-circular notch radius 15mm–25mm; rectangular notch width 50mm, height 20mm. The lower edge of the notch is 10mm from the top edge of the gate plate 3. After starting the circulation system, the water flow cannot pass through the gate body but overflows from the notch at the top. At this time, this device is used to simulate the overflow condition of a broad-crested weir or a practical weir. The experimenter can accurately observe the cross-sectional shape of the overflow water tongue through the transparent water tank body 1 and measure the relationship between the weir crest head and the flow rate.

[0029] Second, the high-level discharge outlet experiment: The overflow plate at the top of the gate is replaced with a high-level discharge outlet plate. A circular through-hole is opened at the top of this plate. The diameter of the through-hole can be selected from 10mm to 30mm, and the center of the hole is 40mm from the top edge of the gate plate. After the circulation system is started, the water flow only exits from this high-level outlet. This device is used to simulate the working state of a high-level spillway of a dam, allowing researchers to study the jet trajectory and airborne energy dissipation characteristics under high water head pressure.

[0030] Third, the mid-level drain outlet experiment: Replace the high-level drain outlet plate with a mid-level drain outlet plate. A circular through-hole is located in the center of this plate. The diameter of the through-hole can be selected from 10mm to 30mm, and the center of the hole is located at the geometric center of gate plate 3, 150mm from the top edge. Start the circulation system, and water flows out from the standard mid-level orifice. This device is used for standard orifice outflow experiments. Researchers can utilize the zero-leakage characteristic of the labyrinthine composite structure to accurately observe the contraction section morphology behind the orifice and accurately determine the orifice flow coefficient.

[0031] Fourth, bottom drainage outlet experiment: Replace the middle drainage outlet plate with a bottom drainage outlet plate. A circular through-hole is opened at the bottom of this plate. The diameter of the through-hole can be selected from 10mm to 30mm, and the center of the hole is 40mm from the bottom edge of the gate plate. Start the circulation system, and water flows out from the bottom orifice in the deep water zone. This device is used to simulate the working state of deep-hole discharge or sand flushing holes in a dam, and to study the outflow characteristics and bottom energy dissipation effect under high water column pressure.

[0032] Fifth, the bottom culvert experiment: The bottom drainage outlet plate is replaced with a bottom culvert plate. A semi-circular arch-shaped notch is cut into the bottom of this plate. The shape and dimensions of the notch are as follows: the radius of the semi-circular arch is 15mm–25mm, and the top of the notch is 30mm from the bottom edge of the gate plate. The circulation system is started, and the water flow simulates the outflow from the bottom of the gate when the planar gate is open or the flow in an unpressurized culvert. This device is used to simulate the outflow from the gate or the flow through the culvert. Researchers can focus on observing the hydraulic jump phenomenon formed behind the gate plate and the bottom flow energy dissipation effect.

[0033] The working principle of the test water tank for hydraulic engineering with replaceable gates will be explained in detail below.

[0034] like Figure 1-4As shown, before starting the water pump 4, ensure that the main body 1 of the water tank and the connecting pipeline system 6 are filled with water and that all valves are closed. After starting the water pump 4, the water flows through the connecting pipeline system 6 from the outlet of the main body 1 to the inlet, forming a closed self-circulating flow. During this process, the operator adjusts the flow control valve on the connecting pipeline system 6 and observes the reading of the flow meter 5 to accurately set the required experimental flow rate. The water first passes through the grid-like or honeycomb-like rectifying and energy dissipation device 7 fixedly installed inside the inlet, which forcibly eliminates the turbulence and eddies generated by pumping, and then flows smoothly along the length of the main body 1 of the water tank. Since the gate plate 3 and the mortise and tenon joint area 2 that it matches are set at about two-thirds of the total length from the inlet, the rectified water flow has a sufficiently long and stable flow path. When it reaches the test section, it has formed a uniform and stable water level and flow field. According to the working conditions to be simulated, the experimenters select the appropriate gate plate 3 and install it in the mortise and tenon joint area 2 by sliding it vertically. During installation, ensure that the bottom of the gate plate 3 is in close contact with the bottom plate of the water tank and that the top is at a sufficient height difference from the water surface, usually more than 50mm higher than the experimental water level. High sealing water stop is achieved by relying on the multiple bending interlocking paths of the labyrinth-type composite mortise and tenon structure. Replacement can be completed in minutes without the aid of any tools. When the overflow plate at the top of the gate is selected, the water flows out from the top notch, simulating the weir flow condition. When the high, middle, or bottom drainage outlet plates are selected, the water flows out from the circular orifices at the corresponding heights, simulating orifice outflow under different water heads. When the culvert plate at the bottom of the gate is selected, the water flows through the arch-shaped notch at the bottom, simulating gate outflow or culvert flow. Throughout the experiment, the zero-leakage characteristics of the transparent water tank body 1 and the labyrinth composite structure allow for precise observation of the water tongue morphology, contraction section position, and hydraulic jump phenomenon. Through the coordinated control of the flow meter 5 and the pump 4, the experimental water level and pressure corresponding to different gate types are stably maintained, thus enabling rapid and accurate comparative testing of various classic hydraulic conditions on the same device. After the experiment, the pump 4 is turned off, the flow control valve is closed, and the drain valve at the end of the water tank body 1 is opened to drain the remaining water. Finally, the gate plate 3 and the mortise and tenon joint area 2 are cleaned and dried for future use.

[0035] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A test water tank for hydraulic engineering with replaceable gates, characterized in that: include: The main body of the water tank (1) has a mortise and tenon joint area (2) on the side wall and bottom plate of the main body of the water tank (1). A water flow circulation device, comprising a water pump (4) and a connecting pipeline system (6), wherein the water pump (4) is connected to the outlet and inlet of the water tank body (1) through the connecting pipeline system (6) to form a closed self-circulating water circuit; Replaceable gate device, the replaceable gate device comprising a set of replaceable gate plates (3); The gate plate (3) and the tenon plate joint area (2) are fitted with a labyrinth composite tenon structure. The labyrinth composite tenon structure has multiple bending interlocking paths, which are used to realize the vertical sliding installation of the gate plate (3) and lateral water stop.

2. The water tank for hydraulic engineering tests with replaceable gates according to claim 1, characterized in that: The set of replaceable gate plates (3) includes: The gate top overflow plate has a notch at the top to simulate weir flow conditions; A high-level drainage outlet plate, wherein the upper part of the high-level drainage outlet plate has through holes to simulate the outflow condition of a high-level orifice. A center-position drain outlet plate, wherein the center-position drain outlet plate has a through hole in the middle to simulate the outflow condition of the center-position orifice; A bottom drain plate, wherein the lower part of the bottom drain plate has a through hole for simulating deep hole discharge conditions; The gate bottom culvert plate has a notch at the bottom to simulate the outflow from the gate or the flow through the culvert.

3. The water tank for hydraulic engineering tests with replaceable gates according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mating structure between the mortise and tenon joint area (2) and the gate plate (3) also includes the following comparative forms: Form 1 is a C-shaped slot structure, wherein the C-shaped slot structure adopts a combination of right-angled concave and rectangular protrusion; Form two is a T-shaped tenon structure, which has a T-shaped flared tenon and a mortise; Form 3 is an L-shaped interlocking structure, which has a single-stage bending path; The labyrinthine composite structure is the preferred connection method for conducting quantitative hydraulic experiments.

4. A test water tank for hydraulic engineering with replaceable gates according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main body of the water tank (1) is made of transparent material. The labyrinth-type composite structure has zero side leakage characteristics and is used to accurately observe the streamline shape and contraction section under different opening positions.

5. A test water tank for hydraulic engineering with replaceable gates according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water flow circulation device also includes a flow regulating valve and a flow meter (5), which are installed on the connecting pipeline system (6) to establish a stable experimental water level and pressure.

6. A test water tank for hydraulic engineering with replaceable gates according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water tank body (1) has a rectifier and energy dissipation device (7) fixedly installed inside the water inlet; the mortise and tenon joint area (2) and the replaceable gate plate (3) are located at two-thirds of the total length from the water inlet of the water tank body (1) to ensure that the water flow has a sufficiently stable flow after passing through the rectifier and energy dissipation device (7).

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