A dam surface protective layer structure resistant to ultraviolet radiation and extreme temperature differences

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of dam protection technology and discloses a dam surface protective layer structure resistant to ultraviolet radiation and extreme temperature differences. The dam surface protective layer structure comprises, from the inside out, a layered configuration: a bottom layer, consisting of an elastic matrix and a plurality of inert inorganic hollow fillers, the elastic matrix engaging with the micropores of the dam concrete substrate; an intermediate layer, a temperature and humidity dual-control regulating layer with a dynamically adjustable microporous structure, the dynamically adjustable microporous structure adjusting the internal porosity of the intermediate layer in response to changes in ambient temperature or humidity; and a top layer, a weather-resistant, wear-resistant, and actively heat-dissipating layer with a preset surface roughness, the surface hardness of the top layer being higher than that of the intermediate layer. By combining the gradient interpenetrating network interface between the bottom and intermediate layers, stress caused by the difference in thermal expansion between the substrate and the protective layer can be effectively buffered, stress concentration points between layers can be eliminated, and the service life of the protective layer can be extended.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dam protection technology, specifically to a dam surface protective layer structure that is resistant to ultraviolet radiation and extreme temperature differences. Background Technology

[0002] As crucial water conservancy infrastructure, dams are constantly exposed to the outdoor natural environment. Their concrete substrates must withstand ultraviolet radiation, extreme temperature fluctuations due to day-night cycles and seasonal changes, and moisture erosion caused by varying humidity levels. Current dam surface protection technologies often employ a single-structure design for the protective layer, resulting in insufficient matching between the material's elastic modulus and the concrete substrate. This leads to a rigid connection after construction, failing to effectively buffer stress caused by thermal expansion differences, and causing frequent problems such as interlayer delamination and cracking. Furthermore, the protective layer lacks adaptability to temperature and humidity changes, failing to dynamically respond to environmental temperature and humidity variations, hindering the timely dissipation of internal heat and moisture, and failing to effectively block external moisture intrusion, thus accelerating the weathering and aging process of the concrete substrate. Simultaneously, the heat dissipation performance and weather resistance / wear resistance of existing protective layers are not optimized synergistically. Low surface heat dissipation efficiency means that ultraviolet radiation and external abrasion easily degrade the protective layer's performance, shortening its service life and failing to provide long-term stable protection for the dam structure, thereby affecting the overall structural safety and service life of the dam.

[0003] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a dam surface protective layer structure that is resistant to ultraviolet radiation and extreme temperature differences, in order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a dam surface protective layer structure that is resistant to ultraviolet radiation and extreme temperature differences. This solves the problems of existing dam surface protective layers, which suffer from simple structural design, insufficient material matching, poor temperature and humidity adaptability, weak synergy between heat dissipation and weather resistance, easy peeling and cracking between layers, inability to dynamically respond to changes in environmental temperature and humidity, rapid degradation of protective performance, short service life, and difficulty in long-term stable resistance to ultraviolet radiation, extreme temperature differences, and water vapor erosion, thus affecting the structural safety and service life of the dam.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a dam surface protective layer structure resistant to ultraviolet radiation and extreme temperature differences, wherein the dam surface protective layer structure comprises, from the inside out, layers of: The bottom layer is an elastic bonding and thermal expansion buffer layer formed by in-situ curing. The bottom layer is composed of an elastic matrix and a plurality of inert inorganic hollow fillers. The elastic matrix engages with the micropores of the dam concrete substrate. The intermediate layer is a temperature and humidity dual-control regulating layer with a dynamically adjustable microporous structure. The dynamically adjustable microporous structure is used to adjust the internal porosity of the intermediate layer in response to changes in ambient temperature or humidity. The surface layer is a weather-resistant, wear-resistant, and active heat dissipation layer with a preset surface roughness, and the surface hardness of the surface layer is higher than that of the intermediate layer.

[0006] Preferably, the bottom layer is applied to the surface of the dam concrete substrate using a high-pressure airless spraying process. The elastic matrix penetrates into the micropores under the spraying pressure and solidifies in situ, forming a physical anchor.

[0007] Preferably, the inert inorganic hollow filler in the bottom layer is spherical microparticles with a particle size range of 50-150μm, and the volume ratio of the inert inorganic hollow filler in the bottom layer is 20-40%, which is used to reduce the elastic modulus of the bottom layer and buffer thermal expansion stress.

[0008] Preferably, the intermediate layer is applied to the underlying layer using a wet spraying process, and the dynamically adjustable microporous structure is formed in situ during the curing and film formation process of the intermediate layer through the principle of phase separation.

[0009] Preferably, the dynamically adjustable microporous structure in the intermediate layer includes a plurality of temperature-responsive phase regions, which expand in volume when the ambient temperature rises, increasing the internal porosity of the intermediate layer and accelerating the removal of heat and moisture.

[0010] Preferably, the dynamically adjustable microporous structure in the intermediate layer includes a plurality of humidity-responsive phase regions, which form interconnected micro-hydrophilic channels when the ambient humidity is high, and close when the ambient humidity is low, in order to block external water vapor.

[0011] Preferably, the surface layer is applied to the intermediate layer by electrostatic spraying or precision roller coating, and the preset surface roughness is 5-20μm, which is used to increase the effective area of ​​infrared radiation and thus enhance active heat dissipation.

[0012] Preferably, the surface layer further includes a plurality of thermally conductive fillers, which form a heat conduction path along the thickness direction in the surface layer for rapidly transferring heat from the intermediate layer and the bottom layer to the heat dissipation surface of the surface layer.

[0013] Preferably, the bottom layer and the intermediate layer are connected by a gradient interpenetrating network interface. The gradient interpenetrating network interface is formed by the intermediate layer during construction on the surface of the bottom layer when it is not fully cured. It is used to eliminate stress concentration points between the bottom layer and the intermediate layer, dissipate heat and impact stress, and prevent interlayer peeling.

[0014] Preferably, the total thickness of the protective layer structure is 1.5-4.0 mm, wherein the cured thickness of the bottom layer is 1.0-2.0 mm, the cured thickness of the middle layer is 0.5-1.5 mm, and the cured thickness of the top layer is 0.1-0.3 mm.

[0015] This invention provides a dam surface protective layer structure that is resistant to ultraviolet radiation and extreme temperature differences, and has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention, by setting a bottom layer composed of an elastic matrix and inert inorganic hollow filler, combined with a high-pressure airless spraying process, allows the elastic matrix to penetrate into the micropores of the dam concrete substrate and solidify in situ to form a physical anchor. At the same time, the spherical inert inorganic hollow filler (particle size 50-150μm, volume percentage 20-40%) effectively reduces the elastic modulus of the bottom layer. This structure, combined with the gradient interpenetrating network interface between the bottom layer and the intermediate layer, can efficiently buffer the stress caused by the difference in thermal expansion between the substrate and the protective layer, eliminate interlayer stress concentration points, dissipate heat and impact stress, fundamentally avoid interlayer delamination problems, significantly improve the connection stability and structural integrity between the protective layer and the substrate, and extend the service life of the protective layer.

[0016] 2. The intermediate layer of this invention is formed using a wet spraying process. Its dynamically adjustable microporous structure is formed in situ through the principle of phase separation, including a temperature-responsive phase region and a humidity-responsive phase region. When the temperature rises, the volume of the temperature-responsive phase region expands, increasing the porosity and accelerating the discharge of heat and moisture. When the humidity is high, the humidity-responsive phase region forms interconnected micro-hydrophilic channels to drain water vapor. When the humidity is low, the channels close to block external water vapor, enabling the protective layer to dynamically adapt to changes in ambient temperature and humidity, effectively blocking water vapor intrusion, mitigating the impact of temperature changes on the dam substrate, providing a stable temperature and humidity protection environment for the dam surface, and reducing substrate damage caused by temperature and humidity alternation.

[0017] 3. The surface layer of this invention is applied by electrostatic spraying or precision roller coating, with a surface roughness controlled at 5-20μm. Thermally conductive fillers are added internally, forming heat conduction pathways along the thickness direction. On one hand, the pre-set surface roughness increases the effective area for infrared radiation, enhancing active heat dissipation; on the other hand, the thermally conductive fillers rapidly transfer heat from the intermediate and bottom layers to the heat dissipation surface. Simultaneously, the surface layer possesses higher surface hardness, ensuring both weather resistance and wear resistance. This dual heat dissipation structure combined with weather-resistant design not only efficiently reduces the temperature of the protective layer and dam substrate but also resists the erosion of the dam surface by ultraviolet radiation and external abrasion, significantly improving the dam surface's resistance to ultraviolet radiation and high / low temperature differences, ensuring the long-term stability of the dam structure. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-layer structure of a dam surface protective layer structure that is resistant to ultraviolet radiation and extreme temperature differences, according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1. Bottom layer; 2. Middle layer; 3. Top layer. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Please see the appendix Figure 1 This invention provides a dam surface protective layer structure that is resistant to ultraviolet radiation and extreme temperature differences. The dam surface protective layer structure comprises, from the inside out, layers of: The bottom layer 1 is an elastic bonding and thermal expansion buffer layer formed by in-situ curing. The bottom layer 1 is composed of an elastic matrix and a plurality of inert inorganic hollow fillers. The elastic matrix is ​​engaged with the micropores of the dam concrete substrate. Intermediate layer 2 is a temperature and humidity dual-control regulating layer with a dynamically adjustable microporous structure. The dynamically adjustable microporous structure is used to adjust the internal porosity of intermediate layer 2 in response to changes in ambient temperature or humidity. Surface layer 3 is a weather-resistant, wear-resistant, and active heat dissipation layer with a preset surface roughness. The surface hardness of surface layer 3 is higher than that of intermediate layer 2. Specifically, the bottom layer 1 is an elastic bonding and thermal expansion buffer layer that is cured in situ. Its components include an elastic matrix and a plurality of inert inorganic hollow fillers. The elastic matrix material and the micropores on the surface of the dam concrete substrate form a physical interlocking structure. The inert inorganic hollow fillers are uniformly dispersed inside the elastic matrix. Together, they constitute the overall structure of the bottom layer 1.

[0021] The intermediate layer 2 is a temperature and humidity dual-control regulating layer with a dynamically adjustable microporous structure. This dynamically adjustable microporous structure is a three-dimensional interconnected pore system. When the ambient temperature changes, the dynamically adjustable microporous structure changes the overall porosity of the intermediate layer 2 by adjusting the number, size and connectivity of the internal pores. When the ambient humidity changes, the structure achieves dynamic adjustment of porosity in the same way.

[0022] The surface layer 3 is a functional layer that combines weather resistance, wear resistance and active heat dissipation. Its surface is processed to form a preset roughness characteristic, and the surface hardness test value of the surface layer 3 is higher than that of the intermediate layer 2.

[0023] The bottom layer 1 is applied to the surface of the dam concrete substrate using a high-pressure airless spraying process. The elastic matrix penetrates into the micropores under the spraying pressure and solidifies in situ, forming a physical anchor. Specifically, the base layer 1 is applied using a high-pressure airless spraying process to protect the surface of the dam's concrete substrate. During application, the high-pressure airless spraying equipment delivers a pre-pressurized mixture of base layer 1. Under this spraying pressure, the elastic matrix in the mixture penetrates into the micropores of the dam's concrete substrate surface. The elastic matrix undergoes in-situ curing within the pores and on the substrate surface, ultimately forming a physical anchoring structure with the dam's concrete substrate, thus achieving a fixed connection between base layer 1 and the substrate.

[0024] The inert inorganic hollow filler in the bottom layer 1 is spherical microparticles with a particle size range of 50-150μm. The volume ratio of the inert inorganic hollow filler in the bottom layer 1 is 20-40%, which is used to reduce the elastic modulus of the bottom layer 1 and buffer thermal expansion stress. Specifically, the inert inorganic hollow filler contained in the bottom layer 1 is in the form of spherical microparticles with a particle size range of 50μm-150μm. The proportion of this inert inorganic hollow filler in the overall volume of the bottom layer 1 is 20%-40%. Its core function is to reduce the elastic modulus of the bottom layer 1. At the same time, when changes in ambient temperature cause thermal expansion differences between the dam concrete substrate and the protective layer, it buffers the resulting thermal expansion stress through its own structural characteristics.

[0025] The intermediate layer 2 is applied on top of the base layer 1 using a wet spraying process. The dynamically adjustable microporous structure is formed in situ during the curing and film formation process of the intermediate layer 2 through the principle of phase separation. Specifically, the intermediate layer 2 is constructed using a wet spraying process. The construction substrate is the already formed surface of the bottom layer 1. The dynamic adjustable microporous structure of the intermediate layer 2 is formed through the principle of phase separation. The specific process is as follows: after the mixture of the intermediate layer 2 is sprayed onto the surface of the bottom layer 1, it enters the curing and film-forming stage. During this stage, phase separation occurs inside the mixture, and the dynamic adjustable microporous structure is formed in situ through this phenomenon.

[0026] The dynamically adjustable microporous structure in the intermediate layer 2 contains a plurality of temperature-responsive phase regions. When the ambient temperature rises, the temperature-responsive phase regions expand in volume, increasing the internal porosity of the intermediate layer 2 and accelerating the removal of heat and moisture. Specifically, the dynamically adjustable microporous structure of the intermediate layer 2 contains a plurality of temperature-responsive phase regions. These temperature-responsive phase regions are functional regions with thermal expansion characteristics. When the ambient temperature rises, the temperature-responsive phase regions undergo volume expansion deformation. This deformation directly leads to an increase in the number of pores inside the intermediate layer 2 and an expansion of the volume of a single pore, thereby increasing the overall porosity of the intermediate layer 2 and accelerating the rate at which heat and moisture are expelled from the intermediate layer 2.

[0027] The dynamically adjustable microporous structure in the intermediate layer 2 contains a plurality of humidity-responsive phase regions. When the ambient humidity is high, the humidity-responsive phase regions form interconnected micro-hydrophilic channels, and when the ambient humidity is low, the channels close to block external water vapor. Specifically, the dynamically adjustable microporous structure of the intermediate layer 2 contains a plurality of humidity-responsive phase regions. These humidity-responsive phase regions are functional areas with hydrophilic properties. When the ambient humidity is high, the humidity-responsive phase regions are interconnected to form a micro-hydrophilic channel that runs through the entire intermediate layer 2, which is used to discharge water vapor from the interior of the intermediate layer 2 and from the bottom layer 1. When the ambient humidity is low, the micro-hydrophilic channel is closed, blocking the penetration path of external water vapor into the intermediate layer 2 and the bottom layer 1.

[0028] The top layer 3 is applied on top of the intermediate layer 2 by electrostatic spraying or precision roller coating, with a preset surface roughness of 5-20μm, in order to increase the effective area of ​​infrared radiation and thus enhance active heat dissipation. Specifically, the construction process of the surface layer 3 is to use electrostatic spraying or precision roller coating. The construction base is the surface of the already formed intermediate layer 2. The surface roughness of the surface layer 3 is controlled within the range of 5μm-20μm. This surface roughness parameter increases the effective area of ​​infrared radiation of the surface layer 3. By enhancing the infrared radiation effect, the active heat dissipation capability of the surface layer 3 is improved.

[0029] The surface layer 3 further includes a plurality of thermally conductive fillers, which form a heat conduction path along the thickness direction in the surface layer 3 to quickly transfer the heat from the intermediate layer 2 and the bottom layer 1 to the heat dissipation surface of the surface layer 3. Specifically, multiple thermally conductive fillers are added to the composition of the surface layer 3. These thermally conductive fillers are solid particles with high thermal conductivity. The thermally conductive fillers are evenly distributed along the thickness direction inside the surface layer 3 to form a continuous heat conduction path. This path can quickly transfer the heat conducted from the intermediate layer 2 to the bottom of the surface layer 3, as well as the heat conducted from the bottom layer 1 to the bottom of the surface layer 3, to the outer surface of the surface layer 3, i.e., the heat dissipation surface.

[0030] The interface between the bottom layer 1 and the intermediate layer 2 is a gradient interpenetrating network interface. The gradient interpenetrating network interface is formed when the intermediate layer 2 is applied to the surface of the bottom layer 1 which is not fully cured. It is used to eliminate stress concentration points between the bottom layer 1 and the intermediate layer 2, dissipate heat and impact stress, and prevent interlayer peeling. Specifically, a gradient interpenetrating network interface is formed between the base layer 1 and the intermediate layer 2. This interface is formed when the intermediate layer 2 is applied before the base layer 1 is fully cured. When the intermediate layer 2 mixture is sprayed onto the surface of the incompletely cured base layer 1, the two layers partially interpenetrate and interweave, ultimately forming a gradient interpenetrating network structure. This interface structure eliminates stress concentration points caused by differences in material properties between the base layer 1 and the intermediate layer 2, while also absorbing and dissipating thermal shock stress caused by changes in ambient temperature, thus preventing delamination between the two layers.

[0031] The total thickness of the protective layer structure is 1.5-4.0mm, of which the thickness of the bottom layer 1 after curing is 1.0-2.0mm, the thickness of the middle layer 2 after curing is 0.5-1.5mm, and the thickness of the top layer 3 after curing is 0.1-0.3mm. Specifically, the total thickness of the protective layer structure ranges from 1.5mm to 4.0mm, with the following thickness parameters for each layer after curing: the cured thickness of the bottom layer 1 ranges from 1.0mm to 2.0mm, the cured thickness of the middle layer 2 ranges from 0.5mm to 1.5mm, and the cured thickness of the top layer 3 ranges from 0.1mm to 0.3mm. The thickness of each layer falls within the above range, and the sum of the thicknesses of the bottom layer 1, the middle layer 2, and the top layer 3 equals the total thickness of the protective layer structure.

[0032] Working principle: The bottom layer 1 is applied to the surface of the dam concrete substrate using a high-pressure airless spraying process. Its elastic matrix penetrates into the micropores of the substrate and cures in situ, forming a physical anchor. The inert inorganic hollow filler in the bottom layer 1 reduces the elastic modulus of the bottom layer 1, buffering the stress caused by the difference in thermal expansion between the substrate and the protective layer structure. The intermediate layer 2 is applied to the surface of the incompletely cured bottom layer 1 using a wet spraying process, forming a gradient interpenetrating network interface. This gradient interpenetrating network interface is used to eliminate stress concentration points between the bottom layer 1 and the intermediate layer 2, dissipate heat and impact stress, and prevent interlayer delamination. The dynamically adjustable microporous structure of the intermediate layer 2 contains multiple temperature-responsive phase regions. When the ambient temperature rises, it expands in volume, increasing the internal porosity of the intermediate layer 2 and accelerating the expulsion of heat and moisture. The dynamically adjustable microporous structure also contains multiple humidity-responsive phase regions. When the ambient humidity is high, it forms interconnected micro-hydrophilic channels to expel water vapor, and when the ambient humidity is low, the channels close to block external water vapor. The surface layer 3 provides weather resistance and wear resistance. The multiple thermally conductive fillers contained therein form a heat conduction path along the thickness direction in the surface layer 3, which is used to quickly transfer the heat of the middle layer 2 and the bottom layer 1 to the heat dissipation surface of the surface layer 3. The preset surface roughness of the surface layer 3 increases the effective area of ​​infrared radiation, thereby enhancing the active heat dissipation of the surface layer 3.

[0033] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary implementations used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dam surface protection layer structure against ultraviolet and against high-low temperature difference, characterized in that, The dam surface protective layer structure consists of layers stacked sequentially from the inside out: The bottom layer is an elastic bonding and thermal expansion buffer layer formed by in-situ curing. The bottom layer is composed of an elastic matrix and a plurality of inert inorganic hollow fillers. The elastic matrix engages with the micropores of the dam concrete substrate. The intermediate layer is a temperature and humidity dual-control regulating layer with a dynamically adjustable microporous structure. The dynamically adjustable microporous structure is used to adjust the internal porosity of the intermediate layer in response to changes in ambient temperature or humidity. The surface layer is a weather-resistant, wear-resistant, and active heat dissipation layer with a preset surface roughness, and the surface hardness of the surface layer is higher than that of the intermediate layer.

2. The dam surface protective layer structure resistant to ultraviolet radiation and high / low temperature differences according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom layer is applied to the surface of the dam concrete substrate using a high-pressure airless spraying process. The elastic matrix penetrates into the micropores under the spraying pressure and solidifies in situ, forming a physical anchor.

3. The dam surface protective layer structure resistant to ultraviolet radiation and high / low temperature differences according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inert inorganic hollow filler in the bottom layer consists of spherical microparticles with a particle size range of 50-150 μm. The volume ratio of the inert inorganic hollow filler in the bottom layer is 20-40%, which is used to reduce the elastic modulus of the bottom layer and buffer thermal expansion stress.

4. The dam surface protective layer structure resistant to ultraviolet radiation and extreme temperature differences according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intermediate layer is applied to the base layer using a wet spraying process, and the dynamically adjustable microporous structure is formed in situ during the curing and film formation process of the intermediate layer through the principle of phase separation.

5. The dam surface protective layer structure resistant to ultraviolet radiation and high / low temperature differences according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamically adjustable microporous structure in the intermediate layer includes a plurality of temperature-responsive phase regions. These temperature-responsive phase regions expand in volume when the ambient temperature rises, increasing the internal porosity of the intermediate layer and accelerating the removal of heat and moisture.

6. The dam surface protective layer structure resistant to ultraviolet radiation and high / low temperature differences according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamically adjustable microporous structure in the intermediate layer includes a plurality of humidity-responsive phase regions. When the ambient humidity is high, the humidity-responsive phase regions form interconnected microscopic hydrophilic channels, and when the ambient humidity is low, the channels close to block external water vapor.

7. The dam surface protective layer structure resistant to ultraviolet radiation and high / low temperature differences according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface layer is applied to the intermediate layer by electrostatic spraying or precision roller coating, and the preset surface roughness is 5-20μm, which is used to increase the effective area of ​​infrared radiation.

8. The dam surface protective layer structure resistant to ultraviolet radiation and high / low temperature differences according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface layer further includes a plurality of thermally conductive fillers, which form thermal conduction pathways along the thickness direction in the surface layer to quickly transfer the heat from the intermediate layer and the bottom layer to the heat dissipation surface of the surface layer.

9. The dam surface protective layer structure resistant to ultraviolet radiation and high / low temperature differences according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom layer and the intermediate layer are connected by a gradient interpenetrating network interface. The gradient interpenetrating network interface is formed by the intermediate layer during construction on the surface of the bottom layer when it is not fully cured. It is used to eliminate stress concentration points between the bottom layer and the intermediate layer, dissipate heat and impact stress, and prevent interlayer peeling.

10. The dam surface protective layer structure resistant to ultraviolet radiation and high / low temperature differences according to claim 1, characterized in that, The total thickness of the protective layer structure is 1.5-4.0 mm; wherein, the cured thickness of the bottom layer is 1.0-2.0 mm, the cured thickness of the middle layer is 0.5-1.5 mm, and the cured thickness of the top layer is 0.1-0.3 mm.

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