Hydrogen fuel-based combined heat and power system

Abstract

This invention discloses a hydrogen fuel-based combined heat and power system, comprising a base, a mixing base, a first heat collector base, and a second heat collector base. The mixing base is disposed on one side of the base, the first heat collector base is disposed on one side of the mixing base, and the second heat collector base is disposed on one side of the first heat collector base. The base is provided with a first air inlet and a second air inlet, and also includes several combustion cylinders. Both the first and second heat collector bases have receiving holes, and each receiving hole contains a combustion cylinder. The outer wall of the combustion cylinder does not contact the inner wall of the receiving hole. The cylinder wall of the combustion cylinder has combustion through holes, and a pointed conical guide cone is provided at the bottom of the combustion cylinder. The receiving holes are cylindrical, and the combustion cylinder is cylindrical. The pointed end of the guide cone faces the opening of the combustion cylinder. Gas enters the mixing base from the base, then enters the combustion cylinder in the first heat collector base, and then enters the combustion cylinder in the second heat collector base.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of thermoelectric power generation, and more particularly to a combined heat and power system based on hydrogen fuel. Background Technology

[0002] Thermoelectric generators are a commonly used type of thermoelectric power generation device. Patent publication CN101860280B discloses a common thermoelectric generator. In this type of thermoelectric generator, a swirling flow channel is set inside. Fuel and gas are mixed and burned in the swirling flow channel. Then, the thermoelectric generator uses the heat generated by combustion to generate electricity. Although this method of mixing and burning using a swirling flow channel makes full use of the heat of the fuel, the spiral shape of the flow channel results in greater resistance during air intake. In order to ensure smooth air intake, a larger intake air pressure must be used. However, a larger intake air pressure will generate greater cavitation noise in the flow channel. Moreover, the spiral shape of the flow channel will cause dirt to adhere to the inner wall of the flow channel, resulting in a reduction in heat transfer efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes a hydrogen fuel-based combined heat and power system that generates heat through hydrogen combustion. During combustion, no contaminants adhere to the system, and a relatively low intake pressure can be used, resulting in relatively low cavitation noise during combustion.

[0004] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0005] A hydrogen fuel-based combined heat and power (CHP) system includes a base, a mixing base, a first heat collector base, and a second heat collector base. The mixing base is located on one side of the base, the first heat collector base is located on one side of the mixing base, and the second heat collector base is located on one side of the first heat collector base. The base has a first air inlet and a second air inlet. It also includes several combustion cylinders. Both the first and second heat collector bases have receiving holes, and each receiving hole contains a combustion cylinder. The outer wall of the combustion cylinder does not contact the inner wall of the receiving hole. The cylinder wall of the combustion cylinder has combustion through holes. A pointed conical guide cone is located at the bottom of the combustion cylinder. The receiving holes are cylindrical, and the combustion cylinder is cylindrical. The pointed end of the guide cone faces the opening of the combustion cylinder. Gas enters the mixing base from the base, then enters the combustion cylinder in the first heat collector base, then enters the combustion cylinder in the second heat collector base, and finally exits from the second heat collector base.

[0006] The working process of this type of electric heating continuous supply system is as follows: First, air and hydrogen enter from the first air inlet and the second air inlet on the base, respectively. Then, they are mixed in the base and enter the mixing seat. The mixed gas is ignited in the mixing seat. Then, the mixed gas in the combustion state first enters the combustion cylinder in the first heat collector seat for combustion. Then, it enters the receiving hole in the first heat collector seat and then enters the combustion cylinder in the second heat collector seat. Finally, it enters the receiving hole in the second heat collector seat and is discharged from the second heat collector seat. The gas discharged from the second heat collector seat mainly includes air, oxygen and water vapor.

[0007] In this type of electric heating continuous power supply system, because the receiving hole and the combustion cylinder are both cylindrical, the path of the mixed airflow within the first and second heat collectors is roughly a straight line. This results in relatively low resistance during air intake and combustion, allowing for sufficient combustion with relatively low air intake pressure. This leads to relatively low cavitation noise during combustion, even though the cavitation noise generated during combustion is relatively high. This process ensures that the cavitation noise generated during combustion is relatively low, and no pollutants adhere during hydrogen combustion, thus ensuring that the first and second heat collectors and the combustion cylinder remain relatively clean after combustion.

[0008] In summary, this system generates heat through hydrogen combustion, which does not produce any contaminant buildup during combustion. It also allows for relatively low intake pressure, resulting in relatively low cavitation noise during combustion.

[0009] During combustion, the mixing seat is located above the base, the first heat collector seat is located above the mixing seat, and the second heat collector seat is located above the first heat collector seat. Since air and hydrogen have relatively higher densities, the overflow velocity of hydrogen is faster than that of air, which can lead to incomplete combustion. To ensure complete combustion, a pointed conical guide cone is installed inside the combustion chamber. As hydrogen overflows from the inlet to the bottom of the combustion chamber, it first contacts the guide cone, which directs the hydrogen downwards and to the side, increasing its residence time within the combustion chamber. This helps the hydrogen and air mix and burn more thoroughly, ensuring complete combustion.

[0010] Specifically, the first and second heat-collecting bases and the combustion cylinder are all made of metal materials with high thermal conductivity.

[0011] Optionally, it also includes a thermoelectric generator, wherein the thermoelectric generator is provided on the outer wall of both the first and second heat collection bases, and a water-cooled plate is provided on one side of the thermoelectric generator.

[0012] The thermoelectric generator uses the heat from the first and second collectors to generate electricity, while the water-cooled plate improves the efficiency of the thermoelectric generator.

[0013] Optionally, both the first and second heat collector bases are provided with clamping plates, the clamping plates are attached to the water-cooled plate, and the water-cooled plate is located between the thermoelectric generator and the clamping plates.

[0014] The clamping plate is used to clamp the thermoelectric generator and the water-cooled plate onto the first or second collector base.

[0015] Optionally, the mixing seat is provided with an igniter and a tube.

[0016] The igniter is used for ignition, while the tube is used to connect and install the temperature sensor.

[0017] Optionally, the combustion through hole on the combustion cylinder is not perpendicular to the central axis of the combustion cylinder, the inner opening of the combustion through hole faces the bottom of the cylinder, and the outer opening of the combustion through hole faces the opening of the cylinder.

[0018] Because hydrogen has a relatively low density, its flow rate is greater than that of air. Within the combustion chamber, hydrogen overflows from the inlet to the bottom. After being guided by the flow cone, the hydrogen flows towards the chamber wall. Since the combustion orifice is not perpendicular to the central axis of the combustion chamber, and its inner orifice faces the bottom while its outer orifice faces the inlet, the two orifices are positioned with the inner orifice higher than the outer orifice. This design, combined with the upward overflow of hydrogen, further traps the hydrogen as it flows downwards, ensuring complete combustion and preventing hydrogen from being emitted. The heat generated from the complete combustion in the combustion orifice is effectively transferred to the first and second heat collectors, maximizing the heat for thermoelectric generators.

[0019] Optionally, the base is provided with a plurality of swirling orifices, which do not contact each other and are distributed in an arc shape.

[0020] The purpose of the swirl nozzle is to allow hydrogen to mix thoroughly with air.

[0021] Optionally, it also includes a condenser, wherein the air inlet of the condenser is connected to the second heat collector base, the first drain end of the condenser is connected to the first water tank, and the second drain end of the condenser is connected to the second water tank.

[0022] Specifically, the exhaust gas generated by the thermoelectric generator enters the condenser for condensation, ultimately achieving gas-water separation. The condensed cold water directly enters the second water tank, while the condensed hot water also enters the second water tank.

[0023] Optionally, a third water tank is also included. The first water tank is connected to a first branch pipe and a second branch pipe. A three-way valve is connected to the second branch pipe. One end of the three-way valve is connected to the underfloor heating system, and the other end of the three-way valve is connected to the third water tank. The underfloor heating system is connected to the third water tank.

[0024] Because the hot water produced by hydrogen combustion has a high temperature and relatively high purity, after being purified and separated in the first water tank, the relatively clean hot water coming out of the first branch pipe can be directly used as municipal hot water. The hot water in the second branch pipe, which has a slightly lower purity, then enters the underfloor heating system for use as underfloor heating hot water.

[0025] Optionally, the second water tank is connected to a third water distribution pipe and a fourth water distribution pipe, the fourth water distribution pipe is connected to the third water tank, and a radiator is provided between the third water tank and the three-way valve.

[0026] The second water tank stores cold water. After being purified and separated in the second tank, the relatively clean cold water flowing out of the third branch pipe can be used directly as municipal cold water. The relatively less clean cold water is used directly as condensate for the cooling water plate. Hot water leaving one of the interfaces of the three-way valve is cooled on the radiator and then enters the third water tank for other uses.

[0027] The beneficial effects of this invention are: heat is generated by hydrogen combustion, no dirt adheres during the combustion process, and a relatively low intake pressure can be used, so the cavitation noise generated during combustion is also relatively small. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a simplified structural diagram of a hydrogen fuel-based combined heat and power system;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation relationship between the first and second heat exchanger bases;

[0031] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram showing the position of the combustion tube within the second heat collector base;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the combustion tubes within the second heat collector seat;

[0033] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A simplified cross-sectional diagram along the AA direction;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a simplified schematic diagram of the combustion chamber structure;

[0035] Figure 7 It refers to the direction of airflow within the combustion chamber;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a simplified structural diagram of the base.

[0037] The attached figures are labeled as follows: 1. Base; 101. First air inlet; 102. Second air inlet; 103. Swirl inlet; 2. Mixing seat; 3. Igniter; 4. First collector seat; 5. Thermoelectric generator; 6. Water-cooled plate; 7. Clamping plate; 8. Receiving hole; 9. Combustion cylinder; 10. Second collector seat; 11. Condenser; 121. First water tank; 122. Second water tank; 123. Third water tank; 131. First branch pipe; 132. Second branch pipe; 133. Third branch pipe; 134. Fourth branch pipe; 14. Radiator; 15. Three-way valve; 16. Underfloor heating. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0040] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. For ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0041] As attached Figure 2 ~Appendix Figure 8 As shown, a hydrogen fuel-based combined heat and power system includes a base 1, a mixing base 2, a first heat collector base 4, and a second heat collector base 10. The mixing base 2 is disposed on one side of the base 1, the first heat collector base 4 is disposed on one side of the mixing base 2, and the second heat collector base 10 is disposed on one side of the first heat collector base 4. The base 1 is provided with a first air inlet 101 and a second air inlet 102, and also includes several combustion cylinders 9. Both the first heat collector base 4 and the second heat collector base 10 have receiving holes 8. Each is equipped with a combustion cylinder 9. The outer wall of the combustion cylinder 9 does not contact the inner wall of the receiving hole 8. A combustion through hole is opened on the cylinder wall of the combustion cylinder 9. A pointed conical guide cone is provided at the bottom of the combustion cylinder 9. The receiving hole 8 is cylindrical and the combustion cylinder 9 is cylindrical. The pointed end of the guide cone faces the opening of the combustion cylinder 9. Gas enters the mixing seat 2 from the base 1, then enters the combustion cylinder 9 in the first heat collector seat 4, then enters the combustion cylinder 9 in the second heat collector seat 10, and finally exits from the second heat collector seat 10.

[0042] The working process of this type of electric heating continuous supply system is as follows: First, air and hydrogen enter from the first air inlet 101 and the second air inlet 102 on the base 1, respectively. Then, they are mixed in the base 1 and enter the mixing seat 2. The mixed gas is ignited in the mixing seat 2. Then, the mixed gas in the combustion state first enters the combustion cylinder 9 in the first heat collector seat 4 for combustion. Then, it enters the receiving hole 8 in the first heat collector seat 4 and then enters the combustion cylinder 9 in the second heat collector seat 10. Finally, it enters the receiving hole 8 in the second heat collector seat 10 and is discharged from the second heat collector seat 10. The gas discharged from the second heat collector seat 10 mainly includes air, oxygen and water vapor.

[0043] In this type of electric heating continuous supply system, since the receiving hole 8 and the combustion cylinder 9 are both cylindrical, the path of the mixed airflow within the first heat collector 4 and the second heat collector 10 is approximately a straight line. This results in relatively low resistance during air intake and combustion, allowing for sufficient combustion with relatively low air intake pressure. This leads to relatively low cavitation noise during combustion, even though the cavitation noise generated during combustion is relatively high. This process ensures that the cavitation noise generated during combustion is relatively low, and no pollutants adhere during hydrogen combustion, thus ensuring that the first heat collector 4, the second heat collector 10, and the combustion cylinder 9 remain relatively clean after combustion.

[0044] In summary, this system generates heat through hydrogen combustion, which does not produce any contaminant buildup during the combustion process. It also allows for relatively low intake pressure, resulting in relatively low cavitation noise during combustion.

[0045] The bottom of the combustion cylinder 9 is in a closed state, while the opening of the combustion cylinder 9 is in an open state.

[0046] During combustion, the mixing seat 2 is located above the base 1, the first heat collector seat 4 is located above the mixing seat 2, and the second heat collector seat 10 is located above the first heat collector seat 4. Since air and hydrogen have relatively higher densities, the overflow velocity of hydrogen is faster than that of air, which can lead to incomplete combustion. To ensure complete combustion, a pointed conical guide cone is further installed inside the combustion cylinder 9. When hydrogen overflows from the opening to the bottom of the combustion cylinder 9, it first contacts the guide cone, which directs the hydrogen downwards and to the side, increasing the residence time of the hydrogen within the combustion cylinder 9. This helps the hydrogen and air to mix and burn more thoroughly within the combustion cylinder 9, thus ensuring complete combustion.

[0047] Specifically, the first heat-collecting base 4, the second heat-collecting base 10, and the combustion tube 9 are all made of metal materials with high thermal conductivity.

[0048] As attached Figure 2 As shown, it also includes a thermoelectric generator 5. The thermoelectric generator 5 is provided on the outer wall of the first heat collector base 4 and the second heat collector base 10. A water-cooled plate 6 is provided on one side of the thermoelectric generator 5.

[0049] The thermoelectric generator 5 is used to generate electricity by utilizing the heat from the first heat collector 4 and the second heat collector 10, while the water-cooled plate 6 is used to improve the efficiency of thermoelectric power generation.

[0050] As attached Figure 2 As shown, clamping plates are provided on both the first heat collector base 4 and the second heat collector base 10. The clamping plates are attached to the water-cooled plate 6, and the water-cooled plate 6 is located between the thermoelectric generator 5 and the clamping plates.

[0051] The clamping plate is used to clamp the thermoelectric generator 5 and the water-cooled plate 6 onto the first heat collector base 4 or the second heat collector base 10.

[0052] As attached Figure 2 As shown, an igniter is provided on the mixing seat 2, and an insertion tube is provided on the mixing seat 2.

[0053] The igniter is used for ignition, while the tube is used to connect and install the temperature sensor.

[0054] As attached Figure 3 ~Appendix Figure 8 As shown, the combustion through hole on the combustion cylinder 9 is not perpendicular to the central axis of the combustion cylinder 9. The inner opening of the combustion through hole faces the bottom of the cylinder, and the outer opening of the combustion through hole faces the opening of the cylinder.

[0055] Because hydrogen has a relatively low density, its flow rate is greater than that of air. Within the combustion chamber 9, hydrogen overflows from the inlet to the bottom. After being guided by the flow guide cone, the hydrogen flows towards the wall of the combustion chamber 9. Since the combustion through-hole is not perpendicular to the central axis of the combustion chamber 9, and the inner orifice faces the bottom while the outer orifice faces the inlet, the two orifices of the combustion through-hole are in a state of inner elevation and outer depression. When the hydrogen is guided downwards by the flow guide cone, the inner elevation and outer depression of the combustion through-hole, combined with the upward overflow characteristic of hydrogen, further retain the hydrogen, ensuring complete combustion and preventing hydrogen-free emissions. The complete combustion of hydrogen in the combustion through-hole of the combustion chamber 9 generates heat that can be fully transferred to the first heat collector 4 and the second heat collector 10, thereby fully utilizing the heat for the thermoelectric generator 5.

[0056] As attached Figure 8 As shown, the base 1 is provided with several swirling ports 103, and the swirling ports 103 do not contact each other, and the swirling ports 103 are distributed in an arc shape.

[0057] The function of the swirl port 103 is to allow hydrogen to mix thoroughly with air.

[0058] As attached Figure 1 As shown, it also includes a condenser 11, the air inlet of the condenser 11 is connected to the second heat collector base 10, the first drain end of the condenser 11 is connected to the first water tank 121, and the second drain end of the condenser 11 is connected to the second water tank 122.

[0059] Specifically, the exhaust gas generated by the thermoelectric generator enters the condenser 11 for condensation, ultimately achieving gas-water separation. The condensed cold water directly enters the second water tank 122, while the condensed hot water enters the second water tank 122.

[0060] As attached Figure 1 As shown, it also includes a third water tank 123. The first water tank 121 is connected to a first branch pipe 131 and a second branch pipe 132. The second branch pipe 132 is connected to a three-way valve 15. One end of the three-way valve 15 is connected to the underfloor heating 16, and the other end of the three-way valve 15 is connected to the third water tank 123. The underfloor heating 16 is connected to the third water tank 123.

[0061] Because the hot water produced by hydrogen combustion has a high temperature and relatively high purity, after being purified by settling and separation in the first water tank 121, the relatively clean hot water flowing out of the first branch pipe 131 can be directly used as municipal hot water. The hot water that comes into contact with the second branch pipe 132, which has a slightly lower purity, then enters the underfloor heating system 16 for use as hot water for the underfloor heating system.

[0062] As attached Figure 1 As shown, the second water tank 122 is connected to the third water pipe 133 and the fourth water pipe 134. The fourth water pipe 134 is connected to the third water tank 123. A radiator 14 is installed between the third water tank 123 and the three-way valve 15.

[0063] The second water tank 122 is used to store cold water. After being purified by settling and separation in the second water tank 122, the relatively clean cold water flowing out of the third water distribution pipe 133 can be directly used as municipal cold water. The relatively less clean cold water is directly used as condensate for the cooling water plate. Hot water leaving from one of the interfaces of the three-way valve 15 is cooled on the radiator 14 and then enters the third water tank 123 for other uses.

[0064] Need to attach Figure 1 The explanation is attached. Figure 1 The arrows in the diagram indicate the direction of water vapor or water flow. The arrows on solid lines indicate the direction of hot water flow, while the arrows on dashed lines indicate the direction of cold water flow.

[0065] Need to attach Figure 5 and appendix Figure 7 It should be noted that the appendix Figure 5 With appendix Figure 7 The arrows in the diagram indicate the direction of airflow.

[0066] Actual measurements show that the hydrogen power generation efficiency of the system disclosed in this embodiment is as high as 3.1%, while the combined heat and power efficiency is as high as 94.6%.

[0067] The above-described embodiments only illustrate some aspects of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combined heat and power system based on hydrogen fuel, characterized in that, The system includes a base, a mixing seat, a first heat collector seat, and a second heat collector seat. The mixing seat is located on one side of the base, the first heat collector seat is located on one side of the mixing seat, and the second heat collector seat is located on one side of the first heat collector seat. The base has a first air inlet and a second air inlet. It also includes several combustion cylinders. Both the first and second heat collector seats have receiving holes, and each receiving hole contains a combustion cylinder. The outer wall of the combustion cylinder does not contact the inner wall of the receiving hole. The cylinder wall of the combustion cylinder has combustion through holes. A pointed conical guide cone is located at the bottom of the combustion cylinder. The receiving holes are cylindrical, and the combustion cylinder is cylindrical. The pointed end of the guide cone faces the opening of the combustion cylinder. Gas enters the mixing seat from the base, then enters the combustion cylinder in the first heat collector seat, then enters the combustion cylinder in the second heat collector seat, and finally exits from the second heat collector seat.

2. The combined heat and power system based on hydrogen fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a thermoelectric generator, which is provided on the outer wall of both the first and second heat collectors, and a water-cooled plate is provided on one side of the thermoelectric generator.

3. A hydrogen fuel-based combined heat and power system according to claim 2, characterized in that, Both the first and second heat collector bases are equipped with clamping plates, which are attached to the water-cooled plate and located between the thermoelectric generator and the clamping plates.

4. A hydrogen fuel-based combined heat and power system according to claim 1, characterized in that, An igniter is provided on the mixing seat, and an insertion tube is provided on the mixing seat.

5. A combined heat and power system based on hydrogen fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The combustion through hole on the combustion cylinder is not perpendicular to the central axis of the combustion cylinder. The inner opening of the combustion through hole faces the bottom of the cylinder, and the outer opening of the combustion through hole faces the opening of the cylinder.

6. A combined heat and power system based on hydrogen fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base is provided with several swirling orifices, which do not contact each other and are distributed in an arc shape.

7. A hydrogen fuel-based combined heat and power system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a condenser, the air inlet of which is connected to the second heat collector base, the first drain end of which is connected to the first water tank, and the second drain end of which is connected to the second water tank.

8. A hydrogen fuel-based combined heat and power system according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a third water tank. The first water tank is connected to a first branch pipe and a second branch pipe. The second branch pipe is connected to a three-way valve. One end of the three-way valve is connected to the underfloor heating system, and the other end of the three-way valve is connected to the third water tank. The underfloor heating system is connected to the third water tank.

9. A hydrogen fuel-based combined heat and power system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The second water tank is connected to a third water distribution pipe and a fourth water distribution pipe. The fourth water distribution pipe is connected to the third water tank. A radiator is installed between the third water tank and the three-way valve.

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