An automatic detection device for grain harvesting losses during the grading and processing of straw and chaff.

Abstract

This invention discloses an automatic detection device for grain harvesting losses involving the grading and processing of straw and rice husks. The device includes a traction self-propelled frame, a straw processing unit, a rice husk processing unit, a hydraulic drive unit, an electrical control unit, a weighing unit, and a collection unit. The traction self-propelled frame serves as the foundation for the entire machine's load-bearing and movement, and all components are mounted on it. The straw processing unit is located at the top front of the device and is used for straw transport, cleaning, and grain separation. The rice husk processing unit is located at the bottom front of the device, arranged vertically above and below the straw processing unit, and is used for rice husk transport, cleaning, and grain separation. This automatic detection device for grain harvesting losses involving the grading and processing of straw and rice husks achieves specialized grading and processing of straw and rice husks, efficient recovery of entrained grains, and accurate measurement of losses, improving the automation level, accuracy, and efficiency of grain loss detection. It is suitable for multi-condition field operations of combine harvesters for wheat, soybeans, corn, and other grains.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural grain loss detection technology, specifically to an automatic detection device for grain harvesting losses during the grading and processing of straw and chaff. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the detection of grain harvesting losses relies entirely on manual intervention. Key steps such as field material collection, pretreatment, grain separation, weight measurement, and loss rate calculation all need to be completed manually.

[0003] The harsh working environment in the fields requires staff to work outdoors for extended periods alongside combine harvesters, resulting in high labor intensity and low testing efficiency, which cannot meet the testing needs of large-scale mechanized harvesting operations. At the same time, the subjectivity and randomness of manual operation can lead to incomplete grain separation, measurement errors, and large deviations in test data, making it impossible to guarantee the objectivity and accuracy of grain damage detection results, which seriously restricts the precision of grain damage detection. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the existing defects and provide an automatic detection device for grain harvesting loss in the graded processing of straw and chaff. This device enables specialized grading and processing of straw and chaff, efficient recovery of entrained grains, and accurate measurement of loss, thereby improving the automation level, accuracy, and efficiency of grain loss detection. It is compatible with multi-condition field operations of combine harvesters for grains such as wheat, soybeans, and corn, and can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an automatic detection device for grain harvesting loss during the grading and processing of straw and rice husks, comprising a traction self-propelled frame, a straw processing unit, a rice husk processing unit, a hydraulic drive unit, an electrical control unit, a weighing unit, and a collection unit;

[0006] The traction self-propelled frame serves as the foundation for the entire machine's load-bearing and movement, and all components are mounted on the traction self-propelled frame;

[0007] The straw processing unit is located at the top front of the equipment and is used for straw transportation, cleaning and grain separation;

[0008] The rice bran processing unit is located at the lower front of the equipment and is arranged in layers above and below the straw processing unit. It is used for the transfer, cleaning and separation of rice bran and grains.

[0009] The hydraulic drive unit provides power to each actuator;

[0010] The electronic control unit controls the coordinated operation of each unit;

[0011] The weighing unit measures the weight of the grains separated by the straw processing unit and the rice bran processing unit, respectively.

[0012] The collection unit collects the cleaned straw and rice husks separately.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the straw processing unit includes a straw conveying device, a straw conveying device hydraulic rod, a straw conveying device hydraulic motor, a key-type straw collector, a conveyor belt, a cleaning fan, and a straw grain sieve box.

[0014] The straw conveying device is connected to the straw conveying device hydraulic rod and the straw conveying device hydraulic motor. A key-type straw collector is installed at the rear of the straw conveying device. Below the key-type straw collector, a conveyor belt, a cleaning fan and a straw grain sieve box are connected in series. The straw grain sieve box is connected to a weighing unit.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the rice husk processing unit includes a rice husk conveying device, a rice husk conveying device hydraulic rod, a rice husk conveying device hydraulic motor, a conveyor belt, a cleaning fan, and a rice husk grain sieve box.

[0016] The rice husk conveying device is connected to the rice husk conveying device hydraulic rod and the rice husk conveying device hydraulic motor. The conveyor belt, the cleaning fan and the rice husk grain sieve box are connected in series behind the rice husk conveying device. The weighing unit is connected to the bottom of the rice husk grain sieve box.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hydraulic drive unit includes a hydraulic station, a solenoid valve group, a screen box hydraulic motor, and a blower hydraulic motor;

[0018] The hydraulic station and solenoid valve group provide power to the hydraulic rod, hydraulic motor, and chaff conveying device hydraulic rod and chaff conveying device hydraulic motor of the straw conveying device.

[0019] The hydraulic motor of the sieve box drives the key-type sieve pusher, the straw grain sieve box, and the rice husk grain sieve box to operate synchronously.

[0020] The hydraulic motor of the blower drives the cleaning blower to operate.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the weighing unit is a dual independent weighing device, which independently measures the straw processing unit and the rice husk processing unit respectively.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the collection unit is a straw and rice husk collection box, which adopts a partitioned design to separately receive the straw and rice husk after being cleaned by the straw processing unit and the rice husk processing unit.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electrical control unit is an electrical control cabinet, used to adjust the parameters of the hydraulic drive unit, receive data from the weighing unit, and display the detection values.

[0024] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the key-type straw separator adopts a 15° to 30° inclined screen surface, and achieves preliminary separation of straw and grain through reciprocating shaking.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) graded processing without interference, straw and rice husks are processed independently in upper and lower layers, detection paths are separated, material mixing is avoided, and the purity of grain separation is improved; (2) full-process automation, no manual intervention is required, material transmission, cleaning, grain separation and weighing are automatically completed, labor intensity is reduced and detection efficiency is improved; (3) detection is accurate and reliable, two independent weighing units accurately measure, avoid human error, and ensure that grain loss detection data is objective and accurate; (4) multi-condition adaptability, the operating parameters can be adjusted and the screen can be replaced, adapting to the field operation of various grain combine harvesters such as wheat, soybeans and corn; (5) after screening out the grains that are mixed in, the straw and rice husks are classified and collected, which can help calculate the straw-to-grain ratio and provide supplementary data for grain loss detection. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The left view;

[0028] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Sectional view at point AA.

[0029] In the diagram: 1. Traction self-propelled frame; 2. Straw conveying device; 3. Straw conveying device hydraulic rod; 4. Straw conveying device hydraulic motor; 5. Key-type straw collector; 6. Rice husk conveying device; 7. Rice husk conveying device hydraulic rod; 8. Rice husk conveying device hydraulic motor; 9. Rice husk and grain sieve box; 10. Straw and grain sieve box; 11. Conveyor belt; 12. Cleaning fan; 13. Weighing device; 14. Straw and rice husk collection box; 15. Hydraulic station; 16. Solenoid valve group; 17. Electrical control cabinet; 18. Sieves box hydraulic motor; 19. Fan hydraulic motor. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments (for ease of description and understanding, the following refers to...). Figure 1 The top of is the top. Figure 1 (The left side is described as the front). Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0031] like Figure 1-3An automatic detection device for grain harvesting loss during the grading and processing of straw and rice husks includes a traction self-propelled frame 1, a straw conveying device 2, a straw conveying device hydraulic rod 3, a straw conveying device hydraulic motor 4, a key-type straw collector 5, a rice husk conveying device 6, a rice husk conveying device hydraulic rod 7, a rice husk conveying device hydraulic motor 8, a rice husk and grain sieve box 9, a straw and grain sieve box 10, a conveyor belt 11, a cleaning fan 12, a weighing device 13, a straw and rice husk collection box 14, a hydraulic station 15, a solenoid valve group 16, an electrical control cabinet 17, a sieve box hydraulic motor 18, and a fan hydraulic motor 19.

[0032] The self-propelled tractor frame 1 is located at the bottom of the equipment and serves as the foundation for the entire machine. All components are fixedly installed on it. The straw conveying device 2 is located at the top front of the equipment and is connected to the straw conveying device hydraulic rod 3 and the straw conveying device hydraulic motor 4, respectively. Behind it, a key-type straw collector 5 is set. Below the key-type straw collector 5, from front to back, are arranged the conveyor belt 11, the cleaning fan 12, the straw grain sieve box 10, the weighing device 13, and the straw and chaff collection box 14.

[0033] The rice bran conveying device 6 is located at the lower front of the equipment and is arranged in layers above and below the straw conveying device 2. It is connected to the hydraulic rod 7 of the rice bran conveying device and the hydraulic motor 8 of the rice bran conveying device respectively. Behind it, the conveyor belt 11, the cleaning fan 12, the rice bran and grain sieve box 9, the weighing device 13, and the straw and rice bran collection box 14 are arranged in sequence.

[0034] The hydraulic station 15 and the solenoid valve group 16 are located on one side of the middle of the equipment. The screen box hydraulic motor 18 and the blower hydraulic motor 19 are respectively installed on one side of the key-type material collector 5 and the cleaning blower 12. The electrical control cabinet 17 is located at the front of the equipment for easy operation and control.

[0035] The hydraulic station 15 and the solenoid valve group 16 work together to provide power to the hydraulic actuator, and the electrical control cabinet 17 centrally controls the operation of the whole machine, realizing the full automation of the straw and chaff grading, grain separation, weighing and metering process, avoiding manual intervention and improving detection efficiency and accuracy;

[0036] The straw and rice husk collection bin 14 is designed with separate compartments to receive the cleaned straw and rice husks, thus achieving waste sorting and collection.

[0037] The electrical control cabinet 17 receives weight data from the weighing device 13, enabling parameter adjustment and numerical display to meet various working condition testing needs.

[0038] By adjusting the parameters of the hydraulic station 15 and the solenoid valve group 16 through the electrical control cabinet 17, the angles of the straw conveying device 2 and the rice bran conveying device 6 are adjusted to enhance the feeding efficiency of straw and rice bran materials. By replacing the rice bran grain sieve box 9 and the straw grain sieve box 10 with different mesh sizes to adapt to different crops, and by adjusting the speed of the sieve box hydraulic motor 18 and the blower hydraulic motor 19, the vibration frequency of the key-type straw collector 5 and the wind speed of the cleaning blower 12 are set to achieve the separation effect of straw and rice bran carrying grains for different crops. The weight of grains carried in straw and rice bran is measured by two independent weighing devices 13, realizing the fully enclosed, fast, efficient and automated function of the harvester grain loss detection process.

[0039] Among them, the detection of grains carried by straw and the detection of grains carried by chaff are carried out simultaneously and do not interfere with each other. The detection path of grains carried by straw is: straw → straw conveying device 2 → key-type straw remover 5 → conveyor belt 11 → cleaning fan 12 → straw grain sieve box 10 → weighing device 13.

[0040] The detection path for rice bran mixed with grains is as follows: rice bran → rice bran conveying device 6 → conveyor belt 11 → cleaning fan 12 → rice bran and grain sieve box 9 → weighing device 13.

[0041] The process of detecting grains mixed with straw is as follows: When the straw (mixed with unremoved grains) is conveyed to the key-type straw separator 5 through the straw conveyor 2, the key-type straw separator 5 achieves the initial separation of straw and mixed grains by reciprocating shaking of the inclined screen surface at 15° to 30°. The separated short straw and grains enter the cleaning fan 12 together. After the light impurities are removed by the wind, they fall into the straw and grain screen box 10 for secondary screening. Pure grains are separated and fall onto the weighing device 13. The weighing device 13 transmits the weight information of the separated grains in the straw to the data processing module of the electrical control cabinet 17 through the sensor, thereby obtaining the data of straw grain loss (separation loss).

[0042] The process of detecting grains mixed with chaff is as follows: The chaff (mixed with uncleaned grains) is conveyed to the conveyor belt 11 through the chaff conveyor device 6. After being smoothly conveyed to the cleaning fan 12 by the conveyor belt 11, the chaff impurities are removed by the air force and then fall into the chaff grain sieve box 9 for secondary screening. The pure grains are separated and fall onto another weighing device 13. The weighing device 13 transmits the weight information of the grains separated from the chaff to the data processing module of the electrical control cabinet 17 through the sensor, thereby obtaining the data of grain loss (cleaning loss) mixed with chaff.

[0043] In addition, by adjusting the hydraulic parameters through the electrical control cabinet 17, the angle of the transmission device, the vibration frequency of the screen box, and the wind speed of the fan can be adjusted; by replacing the screen with different mesh sizes, it can be adapted to the detection needs of different crops such as wheat, soybeans, and corn, so as to achieve rapid and automated grain loss detection.

[0044] The parts of the invention not described in detail are prior art. Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An automatic detection device for grain harvesting losses during the grading and processing of straw and chaff, characterized in that: It includes a traction self-propelled frame (1), a straw processing unit, a rice husk processing unit, a hydraulic drive unit, an electrical control unit, a weighing unit, and a collection unit; The traction self-propelled frame (1) is the foundation for the entire machine to bear load and move, and all components are installed on the traction self-propelled frame; The straw processing unit is located at the top front of the equipment and is used for straw transportation, cleaning and grain separation; The rice bran processing unit is located at the lower front of the equipment and is arranged in layers above and below the straw processing unit. It is used for the transfer, cleaning and separation of rice bran and grains. The hydraulic drive unit provides power to each actuator; The electronic control unit controls the coordinated operation of each unit; The weighing unit measures the weight of the grains separated by the straw processing unit and the rice bran processing unit, respectively. The collection unit collects the cleaned straw and rice husks separately.

2. The automatic detection equipment for grain harvesting loss during straw and chaff grading as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The straw processing unit includes a straw conveying device (2), a straw conveying device hydraulic rod (3), a straw conveying device hydraulic motor (4), a key-type straw collector (5), a conveyor belt (11), a cleaning fan (12), and a straw grain sieve box (10). The straw conveying device (2) is connected to the straw conveying device hydraulic rod (3) and the straw conveying device hydraulic motor (4). A key-type straw collector (5) is set behind the straw conveying device (2). A conveyor belt (11), a cleaning fan (12) and a straw grain sieve box (10) are connected in series below the key-type straw collector (5). The straw grain sieve box (10) is connected to a weighing unit below.

3. The automatic detection equipment for grain harvesting loss during straw and chaff grading as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The rice bran processing unit includes a rice bran conveying device (6), a rice bran conveying device hydraulic rod (7), a rice bran conveying device hydraulic motor (8), a conveyor belt (11), a cleaning fan (12), and a rice bran grain sieve box (9). The rice bran conveying device (6) is connected to the rice bran conveying device hydraulic rod (7) and the rice bran conveying device hydraulic motor (8). The rice bran conveying device (6) is connected in series with the conveyor belt (11), the cleaning fan (12) and the rice bran grain sieve box (9) in sequence. The rice bran grain sieve box (9) is connected to the weighing unit below.

4. The automatic detection equipment for grain harvesting loss during straw and chaff grading as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The hydraulic drive unit includes a hydraulic station (15), a solenoid valve group (16), a screen box hydraulic motor (18), and a blower hydraulic motor (19). The hydraulic station (15) and the solenoid valve group (16) provide power to all the actuators of the whole machine; The hydraulic motor (18) of the sieve box drives the key-type sieve pusher (5), the straw grain sieve box (10), and the rice husk grain sieve box (9) to operate synchronously. The hydraulic motor (19) of the blower drives the cleaning blower (12) to operate.

5. The automatic detection equipment for grain harvesting loss during straw and chaff grading as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The weighing unit consists of two independent weighing devices (13), which independently measure the straw processing unit and the rice husk processing unit, respectively.

6. The automatic detection equipment for grain harvesting loss during straw and chaff grading as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The collection unit is a straw and rice husk collection box (14), which adopts a partitioned design to receive straw and rice husk after cleaning by the straw processing unit and the rice husk processing unit respectively.

7. The automatic detection equipment for grain harvesting loss during straw and chaff grading as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The electrical control unit is an electrical control cabinet (17), which is used to adjust the parameters of the hydraulic drive unit, receive the data from the weighing unit, and display the detection values.

8. The automatic detection equipment for grain harvesting loss during straw and chaff grading as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The key-type straw separator (5) uses a 15° to 30° inclined screen surface, and achieves preliminary separation of straw and grain through reciprocating shaking.

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