A circuit board clamping and testing device with positioning calibration

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of circulating box internal support technology, specifically a circuit board clamping and detection device with positioning calibration, including a clamping plate. A vision detection unit is set on the outside of the clamping plate, and an adjustment unit is set between the vision detection unit and the clamping plate. A dynamic clamping unit is snapped and installed at the middle position of one end of the clamping plate. This invention constructs an independent differential force feedback environment between the clamping pad and the piston through a single-headed ball rod, a limiting rod, upper and lower ring discs (inner wall snake groove), inner and outer deflector rings, arc grooves, wedge rollers and spring deflector rods, so as to realize the real-time adaptive following of the undulation of the circuit board surface at a single clamping point, ignoring the existing basic premise of "based on the assumption of an ideal plane".

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of circulating box internal support technology, specifically relating to a circuit board clamping and detection device with positioning calibration. Background Technology

[0002] Machine vision inspection technology has become the mainstream technology for circuit board quality control due to its advantages such as non-contact operation, high precision, and high degree of automation. Existing circuit board visual inspection instruments mainly consist of two parts: a clamping mechanism and a visual inspection system. The clamping mechanism is used to fix the circuit board in the predetermined inspection position. Common implementation methods include: pneumatic gripper edge clamping, which uses a cylinder to drive the gripper to clamp two opposite edges or four edges of the circuit board; vacuum adsorption clamping, which uses multiple vacuum nozzles to adsorb the surface of the circuit board; and pin array support, which, together with the edge clamping, provides bottom support. The visual inspection system acquires images of the circuit board through an industrial camera, optical lens, and dedicated light source, and analyzes and identifies various defects through image processing algorithms. Existing clamping mechanisms cannot effectively address the unevenness of circuit board surfaces (rigid clamping structures are based on the design assumption that the circuit board is an ideal plane, and cannot adapt to the inevitable warping and unevenness of the circuit board surface, resulting in severely insufficient clamping stability; the clamping force of rigid clamping structures is difficult to control precisely, easily leading to product damage and poor compatibility). Due to lamination process defects in the substrate manufacturing process, mismatch of material thermal expansion coefficients, thermal deformation during assembly and welding, and differences in component height, warping and unevenness are inevitable on the circuit board surface. Existing clamping methods are all based on the assumption that the circuit board is an ideal plane, and cannot adapt to surface undulations, or even warping, leading to clamping instability. This further makes the circuit board more prone to local deformation and vibration during the inspection process, resulting in blurred local images, increased dimensional measurement errors, and amplification of the effects of external vibrations, leading to a significant increase in missed and false detection rates. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a circuit board clamping and detection device with positioning calibration, including a clamping plate, a vision detection unit is provided on the outside of the clamping plate, an adjustment unit is provided between the vision detection unit and the clamping plate, and a dynamic clamping unit is snapped and installed at the middle position of one end of the clamping plate. The dynamic clamping unit includes: The clamping cylinder is installed in a through-type snap-fit ​​at the middle position of one end of the clamping plate; The sealing ring is slidably snapped onto the inner wall of the clamping cylinder near the ground. The screw ring is embedded and snapped onto the inner wall of the clamping cylinder near the sealing ring end; Angle ring, threadedly fitted onto the inner wall of a screw ring; The main shaft is clamped and installed in a through-type plug-in manner at the center of the sealing ring, and the main shaft is slidably snapped together with the corner ring; The clamping pad is snapped onto the end of the clamping spindle furthest from the screw ring. The telescopic spring is snapped between the opposite surfaces of the corner ring and the sealing ring, and the telescopic spring is sleeved on the outer wall of the clamping spindle.

[0004] Preferably, a corresponding shaft is snapped onto the inner wall of the end of the clamping spindle away from the clamping pad, a shaft seal is snapped onto the outer wall of the corresponding shaft, a single-headed cue is snapped onto the middle position of the outer wall of the shaft seal, a lower ring is coaxially arranged in the alternating area of ​​the clamping cylinder shaft diameter, an upper ring is arranged opposite the end of the lower ring away from the clamping pad, and the upper ring is rotatably fitted with the inner wall of the clamping cylinder, both the upper and lower rings have serrated grooves on their inner walls, and the serrated groove at the end of the lower ring is slidably snapped onto the single-headed cue, and sealing plates are snapped onto the opposite surfaces of the upper and lower rings, and the thickness of the sealing plates is different.

[0005] Preferably, an air inlet valve is plugged into and snapped onto the end of the clamping cylinder away from the clamping pad, and a pressure relief valve is plugged into and snapped onto the side wall of the end of the clamping cylinder away from the clamping pad. A piston is slidably snapped onto the inner wall of the end of the clamping cylinder near the air inlet valve through a sealing pad. A corner post is snapped onto the axis of the piston away from the air inlet valve. A ring is snapped onto the outer wall of the corner post away from the air inlet valve. A limit rod is snapped onto the middle position of the outer wall of the ring, and the limit rod is slidably snapped onto the snake groove at the upper ring end.

[0006] Preferably, the sealing plate end face near the intake valve is symmetrically provided with arc grooves, and the arc grooves are one-third of the circumference. The sealing plate away from the intake valve end is symmetrically provided with right-angle grooves, and the number and position of the right-angle grooves correspond one-to-one with the position and number of the arc grooves. At the same time, the inner diameter of the right-angle groove is equal to the inner diameter of the arc groove. One of the segmented groove openings of the right-angle groove and the inner wall near the port are slidably snapped with an outer ring, and the outer ring is distributed opposite to the arc groove. The inner wall of the right-angle groove is snapped with an inner ring that is distributed opposite to the outer ring. The outer ring shaft is plugged and snapped with a wedge roller that is slidably snapped with the inner ring. The inner ring and the outer ring facing each other are snapped with a return spring sleeved on the outer wall of the wedge roller shaft. The inner wall of the other segment of the right-angle groove near the port is slidably snapped with a main positioning ring. The inner wall of the right-angle groove is snapped with a secondary pole ring that is directly opposite to the main positioning ring. At the axis of the main positioning ring, a spring lever that is slidably snapped with the secondary pole ring is installed through the main positioning ring. The axis of the spring lever is perpendicular to the axis of the wedge roller shaft. The inner wall of the sleeve near the clamping pad is rotatably fitted with an outer lever ring that is compatible with it. The inner wall of the outer lever ring is rotatably fitted with an inner lever ring that is rotatably fitted with the lower ring disc. The inner and outer lever rings are slidably snapped with the corner ring at the end near the clamping pad. The outer and inner lever rings are both provided with a half-groove on the side away from the clamping pad, and the two half-grooves are staggered. In addition, the outer wall of the outer and inner lever rings at the end away from the clamping pad is provided with a hole that is compatible with the spring lever.

[0007] Preferably, a base is provided on the outer side of the jacket plate near the ground. Damping angle seats are snapped onto the four corners of the base near the ground. A horizontal work platform is detachably snapped onto the side of the base away from the ground by bolts. An electric conveyor rail is symmetrically snapped onto the side of the horizontal work platform away from the base. A slide rail is slidably snapped onto the side of the electric conveyor rail away from the base.

[0008] Preferably, the visual detection unit includes: The support plates, numbered two, are symmetrically snapped onto the end face of the base facing away from the ground; Anchor plates are detachably bolted and snapped together between the base and the outer wall of the support plate. The horizontal rail is snapped onto the end of the two support plates facing away from the ground. There are two guide rails, which are symmetrically snapped together and installed in the middle of the inner wall of the horizontal rail; The servo motor is mounted on the support plate at the end away from the ground via a motor mounting shaft; and the output end of the servo motor passes through the support plate and is rotatably assembled with it. The lead screw is rotatably mounted on one end of the two support plates away from the ground, and one end of the lead screw is snapped into the output end of the servo motor. The vision backplate is threadedly installed in the middle of the outer wall of the lead screw, and the vision backplate is slidably snapped together with the guide rail; in addition, the vision backplate has a U-shaped cross-section. The output motor is mounted on the horizontal section of the vision back panel away from the ground via a motor mounting shaft, and the output end of the output motor passes through the vision back panel.

[0009] Preferably, a loading platform is slidably snapped onto the end face of the vision back panel away from the horizontal rail. A clamp is detachably snapped onto the end of the loading platform away from the vision back panel by bolts. A vision detector is snapped onto the center of the clamp. A lead screw that is rotatably fitted with the vision back panel is snapped onto the output end of the output motor, and the lead screw is threadedly fitted onto the loading platform. A protective cover is snapped onto the end of the clamp near the base.

[0010] Preferably, the adjustment unit includes: A concave conveying chamber is snap-fitted between the two slide rails; The compensation seat is snapped into place at the middle position of the inner wall of the horizontal end of the concave conveyor bin; The receiving platform is snapped into place at the end of the compensation seat away from the concave conveyor compartment. Two electric cylinders are installed symmetrically on the outer horizontal wall of the concave conveyor bin near the horizontal rail. The dispatching plate is positioned opposite the electric cylinder on one side, and the dispatching plate is snapped together with the concave conveying bin. The corner plates are arranged in an array and slidably snapped together at the middle of the end face of the scheduling plate away from the base. The corner plates have an L-shaped cross-section. In addition, the vertical section of the corner plates is close to the end of the base.

[0011] Preferably, an adjusting gear is rotatably fitted at the middle position of the vertical section of the angle plate, and guide bars are symmetrically snapped onto the outer wall of the vertical section of the angle plate, with the guide bars slidably snapped onto the jacket plate. In addition, a clearance groove is provided on the end face of the jacket plate, and two opposing clearance grooves in the same group are staggered. An adjusting rack that matches the clearance groove is snapped onto the end face of the jacket plate near the adjusting gear. Four cranks are provided on the side of the scheduling plate away from the concave conveying chamber, and the cranks are rotatably fitted in pairs. A connecting plate is provided between the two groups of cranks, and spline pins are inserted and rotatably fitted between adjacent connecting plates and adjacent cranks.

[0012] Preferably, the sleeve has a T-shaped cross-section, with the angle plates at both ends rotatably fitted with the spline pins at the adjacent crank ends, and the remaining angle plates rotatably fitted with the spline pins at the adjacent connecting plate ends, and the vertical spacing between adjacent angle plates is the same.

[0013] The dynamic clamping method in the visual inspection process of circuit boards uses a circuit board clamping and inspection device with positioning calibration to provide real-time monitoring and control. The specific steps are as follows: S1: First, a stable inspection working environment is provided to the vision backplate through the horizontal rail and support plate. Then, the lead screw, driven by the servo motor, controls the vision backplate to move horizontally under the further guidance and support of the guide rail. The output motor controls the lead screw to drive the loading table to further realize the vertical movement of the vision detector. Thus, the basic environment for the two-axis linkage machining of the vision detector in the X and Y axes is constructed. During this process, the concave conveyor, driven by the slide rail, controls the carrier to move the circuit board to be inspected horizontally to the predetermined processing area until the circuit board and the scheduling plate are directly opposite each other. At this time, the electric cylinder is activated. Under the dual influence of the extension and retraction of the electric cylinder output end, the crank and the connecting plate forming multiple scissor linkage structures, the angle plate at one end controls multiple clamping cylinders to move synchronously and at equal intervals to the predetermined processing area, thereby adapting to the clamping requirements of circuit boards of different lengths. S2: Then, by adjusting the meshing motion between the gear and the rack (the synchronous motion direction between the opposing rack and the gear is opposite), the two clamping plates in the same group are controlled to move towards each other or away from each other, thereby realizing bidirectional control of the clamping sleeve as it approaches or moves away from the circuit board, accurately controlling the dynamic clamping unit to move to the predetermined processing position and establishing its axial clamping reference. S3: Finally, by synchronizing the movement between the clamping cylinder and the clamping plate, the relative contact force between the clamping pad and the end face of the circuit board is dynamically changed until the adjusting gear stops rotating. At this time, the telescopic spring is compressed to a predetermined degree. Under the control of the clamping spindle, the co-position shaft synchronously drives the single-head ball rod to generate relative movement between the lower ring disc inner wall groove, causing the lower ring disc to drive the spring lever and the wedge roller to rotate synchronously (in the initial state, the wedge roller is engaged with the arc groove, and the spring lever is not engaged with the hole on the end face of the outer or inner ring). At the same time, an equivalent amount of external gas is stably delivered to the intake valve through an external hose. After that, under the action of gas compression, the piston moves to a predetermined depth along the axis of the jacket sleeve, and at this time the piston moves at the same speed as the clamping pad. Under the control of the piston movement, the corner pin drives the limit rod to engage with the snake groove on the inner wall of the upper ring cake, so as to realize the synchronous rotation of the upper ring cake and its surface arc groove. When the clamping pad contacts the "concave and convex" surfaces of the circuit board, a difference in the relative movement depth between the clamping pad and the piston occurs. This causes a synchronous difference in the relative movement between the limiting rod and the single-headed ball rod and the snake groove. Ultimately, this leads to a unilateral relative movement between the arc groove and the wedge roller, which in turn causes the lever on one side to actuate the outer or inner ring (the specific actuation of the outer or inner ring depends on whether the clamping pad contacts the concave or convex surface of the circuit board). The outer or inner ring drives the corner ring to rotate to a predetermined degree, dynamically and in real time adjusting the compression equivalent of the telescopic spring between the corner ring and the sealing ring in the current state, and dynamically unifying the relative consistency of the clamping force between the clamping pad and the end face of the circuit board at different positions.

[0014] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention constructs an independent differential force feedback environment between the clamping pad and the piston by using a single-headed ball rod, a limiting rod, upper and lower ring discs (inner wall snake groove), inner and outer deflector rings, arc groove, wedge roller and spring deflector rod, so as to realize the real-time adaptive following of the undulation of the circuit board surface of a single clamping point, ignoring the existing basic premise of "based on the assumption of an ideal plane". When the clamping pad contacts the convex surface of the circuit board, the compression of the clamping pad is greater than the piston displacement, triggering the differential motion between the single-headed ball and the lower ring, which drives the spring lever to move the inner ring, increasing the current compression of the telescopic spring and enhancing the clamping force of the current clamping pad. When the clamping pad contacts the concave surface of the circuit board, the compression of the clamping pad is less than the piston displacement, triggering the differential movement between the limit rod and the upper ring, which drives the spring lever to move the outer ring, reducing the current compression of the telescopic spring and reducing the clamping force of the clamping pad. It achieves conformal clamping that applies greater force where the surface is convex and less force where the surface is concave, completely eliminating the problems of local suspension and overpressure caused by rigid clamping. It can adapt to the maximum warpage and local unevenness of the circuit board, thus avoiding problems such as circuit board movement and tilting caused by unstable clamping.

[0015] 2. This invention achieves real-time adjustment of the compression amount triggered by the differential displacement of the telescopic spring through synchronous piston drive and the compatibility of the piston and clamping pad movement speeds, thus realizing closed-loop force control at all clamping points. During the initial clamping phase, the piston and the clamping pad move synchronously to ensure that all clamping units contact the circuit board at the same time, avoiding the tilting of the circuit board caused by sequential contact. After contact, the force adjustment is automatically triggered by the displacement difference between the rubber pad and the piston, so that the clamping force of all clamping points is uniformly controlled within the preset range. The fluctuation of clamping force is contained within the predetermined fluctuation range, which helps to eliminate the risk of product damage, reduce clamping loosening and vibration events, and achieve precise dynamic balance of clamping force through pure mechanical closed-loop force control, completely eliminating overpressure damage and clamping loosening. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is an appendix to the present invention. Figure 1 Top view of the structure.

[0018] Figure 3 This is an appendix to the present invention. Figure 1 Right view of the middle structure.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional representation of the further structure of the visual detection unit in this invention.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional view of a partial structure of the adjustment unit in this invention.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional view showing the further structure of the adjustment unit in this invention.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional view of the external structure of the dynamic clamping unit in this invention.

[0023] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional view of the internal structure of the clamping cylinder of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 9 This is an appendix to the present invention. Figure 8 A magnified schematic diagram of the local structure at point A in the middle.

[0025] Figure 10 This is an appendix to the present invention. Figure 8 Enlarged schematic diagram of the local structure at point B.

[0026] Figure 11 This is an appendix to the present invention. Figure 8 Enlarged schematic diagram of the local structure at point C.

[0027] Figure 12 This is an appendix to the present invention. Figure 8 A magnified schematic diagram of the local structure at point D.

[0028] The diagram shows: 1. Clip plate; 2. Vision inspection unit; 3. Adjustment unit; 4. Dynamic clamping unit. 11. Base; 12. Damping angle seat; 13. Horizontal worktable; 14. Electric conveyor rail; 15. Slide rail; 21. Support plate; 22. Anchor bolt plate; 23. Cross rail; 24. Guide rail; 25. Servo motor; 26. Lead screw; 27. Vision backplate; 28. Output motor; 211. Loading platform; 212. Clamp; 213. Vision detector; 214. Lead screw; 215. Protective cover; 31. Concave conveyor bin; 32. Compensation seat; 33. Receiving platform; 34. Electric cylinder; 35. Dispatching plate; 36. Angle plate; 311. Adjusting gear; 312. Guide bar; 313. Clearance groove; 314. Adjusting rack; 315. Crank; 316. Connecting plate; 317. Spline pin; 41. Clamping sleeve; 42. Sealing ring; 43. Threaded ring; 44. Angle ring; 45. Clamping spindle; 46. Clamping pad; 47. Telescopic spring; 411. Corresponding shaft; 412. Shaft seal; 413. Single-headed cue; 414. Lower ring disc; 415. Upper ring disc; 416. Snake groove; 417. Sealing plate; 421. Intake valve; 422. Pressure relief valve; 423. Piston; 424. Angle post; 425. Ring sleeve; 426. Limit rod; 431. Arc groove; 432. Right angle groove; 433. Outer ring; 434. Inner ring; 435. Wedge roller; 436. Return spring; 437. Main position ring; 438. Secondary pole ring; 439. Spring lever; 4391. Outer deflector ring; 4392. Inner deflector ring. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0030] It should be noted that the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this article are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0031] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0032] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 It is known that a circuit board clamping and detection device with positioning calibration includes a clamping plate 1, a vision detection unit 2 is provided on the outside of the clamping plate 1, an adjustment unit 3 is provided between the vision detection unit 2 and the clamping plate 1, and a dynamic clamping unit 4 is snapped and installed at the middle position of one end of the clamping plate 1. Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3It can be seen that a base 11 is provided on the outer side of the jacket plate 1 near the ground. Damping angle seats 12 are snapped and assembled at the four corners of the base 11 near the ground. A horizontal work platform 13 is installed on the side of the base 11 away from the ground by bolts. An electric conveyor rail 14 is symmetrically snapped and installed on the side of the horizontal work platform 13 away from the base 11. A slide rail 15 is slidably snapped and installed on the side of the electric conveyor rail 14 away from the base 11. Reference Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 It can be seen that the visual detection unit 2 includes: two support plates 21, which are symmetrically snapped onto the end face of the base 11 facing away from the ground; anchor plates 22, which are detachably snapped onto the outer wall of the base 11 and the support plates 21 by bolts; a horizontal rail 23, which is snapped onto the end of the two support plates 21 facing away from the ground; two guide rails 24, which are symmetrically snapped onto the middle position of the inner wall of the horizontal rails 23; and a servo motor 25, which is snapped onto the end of the support plate 21 facing away from the ground by a motor mounting shaft; and the output end of the servo motor 25 passes through... A support plate 21 is rotatably fitted to it; a lead screw 26 is rotatably fitted to the two support plates 21 at the ends away from the ground, and one end of the lead screw 26 is snapped into the output end of the servo motor 25; a vision back plate 27 is threadedly fitted to the middle position of the outer wall of the lead screw 26, and the vision back plate 27 is slidably snapped into the guide rail 24; in addition, the vision back plate 27 has a U-shaped cross section; an output motor 28 is snapped into the middle position of the horizontal section of the vision back plate 27 away from the ground through a motor mounting shaft, and the output end of the output motor 28 passes through the vision back plate 27. Reference Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 It can be seen that a loading platform 211 is slidably snapped onto the end face of the vision back plate 27 away from the horizontal rail 23. A clamp 212 is detachably snapped onto the end of the loading platform 211 away from the vision back plate 27 by bolts. A vision detector 213 is snapped onto the shaft of the clamp 212. A lead screw 214 is snapped onto the output end of the output motor 28 and is rotatably fitted with the vision back plate 27. The lead screw 214 and the loading platform 211 are threaded together. A protective cover 215 is snapped onto the end of the clamp 212 near the base 11. Reference Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6It is known that the adjustment unit 3 includes: a concave conveying chamber 31, which is snapped between the two slide rails 15; a compensation seat 32, which is snapped in at the middle position of the inner wall of the horizontal end of the concave conveying chamber 31; a receiving platform 33, which is snapped in at the end of the compensation seat 32 away from the concave conveying chamber 31; two electric cylinders 34, which are symmetrically snapped in on the outer wall of the horizontal surface of the concave conveying chamber 31 near the horizontal rail 23; a scheduling plate 35, which is set opposite to the electric cylinders 34 and is snapped in with the concave conveying chamber 31; and an angle plate 36, which is slidably snapped in with the scheduling plate 35 at the middle position of the end face away from the base 11, and the cross-section of the angle plate 36 is L-shaped. In addition, the vertical section of the angle plate 36 is close to the base 11. Reference Figure 1 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 It is known that an adjusting gear 311 is rotatably installed at the middle position of the vertical section of the angle plate 36, and guide bars 312 are symmetrically snapped onto the outer wall of the vertical section of the angle plate 36. The guide bars 312 are slidably snapped onto the jacket plate 1. In addition, the end face of the jacket plate 1 is provided with a relief groove 313, and the two opposing relief grooves 313 in the same group are staggered. An adjusting rack 314 that matches the relief groove 313 is snapped onto the end face of the jacket plate 1 near the adjusting gear 311. The scheduling plate 35 is provided with four cranks 315 on the side away from the concave conveying chamber 31. The cranks 315 are rotatably fitted in pairs. A connecting plate 316 is provided between the two groups of cranks 315 and is rotatably fitted in pairs. Spline pins 317 are plugged into and rotatably fitted between adjacent connecting plates 316 and adjacent cranks 315. The sleeve has a T-shaped cross-section. The angle plates 36 at both ends are rotatably fitted with the spline pins 317 at the ends of the adjacent cranks 315. The remaining angle plates 36 are rotatably fitted with the spline pins 317 at the ends of the adjacent connecting plates 316, and the vertical spacing between adjacent angle plates 36 is the same.

[0033] Simplified process of two-axis linkage scanning and image acquisition for visual inspection unit 2: X-axis horizontal motion positioning: Servo motor 25 starts, driving lead screw 26 to rotate (in specific implementation, lead screw 26 is connected to servo motor 25 through a coupling), which drives vision backplate 27 to make horizontal linear motion under the further support and guidance of guide rail 24, moving vision detector 213 to the scanning start position of circuit board. Y-axis vertical motion positioning (opposite to ground gravity): Start the output motor 28, drive the lead screw 214 to rotate, and drive the loading table 211 to move up and down along the vertical track of the vision back plate 27 (not shown in the figure, but refer to the aforementioned guide rail 24), adjust the vertical distance between the vision detector 213 and the circuit board, so that the surface of the circuit board is within the optimal depth of field range of the industrial camera. Full-board-wide line-by-line scanning acquisition: Servo motor 25 drives vision backplate 27 to move at a constant speed along the X-axis, while vision detector 213 continuously acquires circuit board images at a preset frame rate; after completing one line scan, output motor 28 drives loading stage 211 to step one scan width along the Y-axis, and vision backplate 27 moves in the opposite direction to acquire the next line image, and so on, until the image acquisition of the entire circuit board surface is completed. Special note: During the acquisition process, the industrial light source (achieved through an external PLC control system) provides uniform and stable illumination throughout, ensuring consistent image contrast and eliminating shadows and reflections; the protective cover 215 completely encloses the lens of the vision detector 213 to prevent workshop dust and oil from contaminating the optical components and ensure long-term stable imaging quality. A simplified process for automatically loading and conveying circuit boards to the testing station: The loading robot (not shown in the figure, it is an external component) places the circuit board to be tested in the groove area of ​​the carrier platform (in specific implementation, the carrier platform is equipped with a corresponding negative pressure adsorption component to ensure the positional stability of the circuit board during the initial transportation process). The electric conveyor rail 14 is started, and the concave conveyor bin 31 is driven by the slide rail 15 to horizontally transport the circuit board to the entrance of the inspection station (i.e., the processing station of the aforementioned vision detector 213). The conveying action stops. Compensation seat 32: Ensures that the receiving platform 33 is always at the preset height, so that the upper surface of the circuit board and the clamping surface of the dynamic clamping unit 4 are at the same level, ensuring accurate alignment of subsequent clamping actions; Damping Angle Mount 12: Absorbs vibrations from equipment operation and external vibrations transmitted from the ground, controlling the overall vibration amplitude within the predetermined process range and preventing image blurring caused by vibration. It is a fundamental component for ensuring detection accuracy. Circuit board adaptive positioning and dynamic clamping process: Adjustment of clamping points at equal intervals along the length: Two symmetrically arranged electric cylinders 34 extend (or retract) synchronously, pushing the angle plate 36 to move stably to a predetermined depth with the length of the electric conveyor rail 14 as the reference direction under the support and guidance of the scheduling plate 35; the angle plate 36 achieves synchronous and equal-interval extension and retraction through the scissor linkage structure constructed by the crank 315 and the connecting plate 316 (that is, multiple dynamic clamping units 4 are moved at equal intervals to the predetermined processing point by a single drive source), driving multiple sets of clamping plates 1 to move synchronously to the preset position, automatically matching the length of the circuit board to be tested, and realizing a distributed multi-point clamping layout across the entire length range. Width direction opposing synchronous clamping: The adjusting gear 311 starts to rotate, driving two sets of opposing adjusting racks 314 to move synchronously in opposite directions along the guide bar 312, which in turn drives the two clamping plates 1 in the same group to move towards each other, so that the dynamic clamping unit 4 installed on the clamping plate 1 gradually (towards each other) approaches the preset clamping point at the edge of the circuit board. Adaptive conformal clamping and locking: When the clamping pad 46 of the dynamic clamping unit 4 contacts the circuit board surface, the pure mechanical differential force feedback mechanism is automatically activated. According to the warping and unevenness of the circuit board surface, the clamping force of each clamping point is adjusted in real time to ensure that the clamping force of all clamping points is uniform and consistent, while completely conforming to the undulations of the circuit board surface. After clamping is completed, the adjusting gear 311 and the adjusting rack 314 self-lock, all moving parts are locked, and the circuit board is dynamically clamped and supported by the dynamic clamping unit 4, waiting for testing.

[0034] Reference Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 11 It is known that the dynamic clamping unit 4 includes: a clamping cylinder 41, which is installed in a through-type snap-fit ​​at the middle position of one end of the clamping plate 1; a sealing ring 42, which is slidably snap-fitted onto the inner wall of the clamping cylinder 41 near the ground; a screw ring 43, which is embeddedly snap-fitted onto the inner wall of the clamping cylinder 41 near the sealing ring 42; an angle ring 44, which is threadedly fitted onto the inner wall of the screw ring 43; a clamping spindle 45, which is installed in a through-type plug-in type at the axis of the sealing ring 42, and the clamping spindle 45 and the angle ring 44 are slidably snap-fitted together; a clamping pad 46, which is snap-fitted onto the end of the clamping spindle 45 away from the screw ring 43; and a telescopic spring 47, which is snap-fitted onto the opposite surfaces of the angle ring 44 and the sealing ring 42, and the telescopic spring 47 is sleeved on the outer wall of the clamping spindle 45. Reference Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 It is known that a co-position shaft 411 is snapped onto the inner wall of the end of the clamping spindle 45 away from the clamping pad 46, a shaft seal sleeve 412 is snapped onto the outer wall of the co-position shaft 411, a single-headed ball rod 413 is snapped onto the middle position of the outer wall of the shaft seal sleeve 412, a lower ring 414 is coaxially arranged in the area where the shaft diameter of the clamping cylinder 41 changes, an upper ring 415 is arranged opposite to the end of the lower ring 414 away from the clamping pad 46, and the upper ring 415 is rotatably fitted with the inner wall of the clamping cylinder, both the upper ring 415 and the lower ring 414 have a snake groove 416 on their inner walls, and the snake groove 416 at the end of the lower ring 414 is slidably snapped onto the single-headed ball rod 413, both the upper ring 415 and the lower ring 414 have sealing plates 417 snapped onto their opposite faces, and the thickness of the sealing plates 417 is different; Reference Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10It is known that an air inlet valve 421 is plugged into and snapped onto the end of the clamping cylinder 41 away from the clamping pad 46, and a pressure relief valve 422 is plugged into and snapped onto the side wall of the end of the clamping cylinder 41 away from the clamping pad 46. A piston 423 is slidably snapped onto the inner wall of the end of the clamping cylinder 41 near the air inlet valve 421 through a sealing pad. An angle post 424 is snapped onto the axis of the end of the piston 423 away from the air inlet valve 421. A ring sleeve 425 is snapped onto the outer wall of the end of the angle post 424 away from the air inlet valve 421. A limit rod 426 is snapped onto the middle position of the outer wall of the ring sleeve 425, and the limit rod 426 is slidably snapped onto the snake groove 416 at the end of the upper ring 415. Reference Figure 7 and Figure 12 It can be seen that the end face of the sealing plate 417 near the intake valve 421 is symmetrically provided with arc grooves 431, and the arc grooves 431 are one-third of the circumference. The end of the sealing plate 417 away from the intake valve 421 is symmetrically provided with right-angle grooves 432, and the number and position of the right-angle grooves 432 correspond one-to-one with the position and number of the arc grooves 431. At the same time, the inner diameter of the right-angle grooves 432 is equal to the inner diameter of the arc grooves 431. One of the segmented groove openings of the right-angle grooves 432 is close to The inner walls of the ports are all slidably snapped with outer rings 433, and the outer rings 433 are distributed opposite to the arc grooves 431. The inner walls of the right-angle grooves 432 are snapped with inner rings 434, which are distributed opposite to the outer rings 433. The outer rings 433 are all plugged with wedge rollers 435 that are slidably snapped with the inner rings 434 at their axial center. The inner rings 434 and the outer rings 433 are all snapped with return springs 436 that are sleeved on the outer wall of the shaft section of the wedge rollers 435. Another segment of the right-angle groove 432 has a main positioning ring 437 slidably snapped onto its inner wall near the port. A secondary pole ring 438, opposite to the main positioning ring 437, is snapped onto the inner wall of the right-angle groove 432. A spring lever 439, slidably snapped onto the secondary pole ring 438, is threaded through the axis of the main positioning ring 437. The axis of the spring lever 439 is perpendicular to the axis of the wedge roller 435. An outer lever 43, matching the outer lever 43, is rotatably fitted onto the inner wall of the sleeve near the clamping pad 46. 91. The inner wall of the outer ring 4391 is rotatably fitted with the inner ring 4392, which is rotatably fitted with the lower ring 414. The inner ring 4392 and the outer ring 4391 are slidably snapped together with the corner ring 44 at the end near the clamping pad 46. The outer ring 4391 and the inner ring 4392 are both provided with a half-groove on the side away from the clamping pad 46, and the two half-grooves are staggered. In addition, the outer wall of the outer ring 4391 and the inner ring 4392 at the end away from the clamping pad 46 is provided with a hole that matches the spring lever 439.

[0035] The differential preconditions between piston 423 and clamping pad 46 are set as follows: In specific implementation, when adjusting gear 311 and adjusting rack 314 are engaged to a predetermined degree, at this time (in the preset state), clamping pad 46 is tangent to the surface of the circuit board (about to contact; regardless of whether the current circuit board surface is "uneven"), and gas of predetermined equivalent, pressure and flow rate is continuously and stably pumped into the inlet valve 421 (one-way valve) through an external gas pumping system (solenoid valve). In other words, during actual implementation, the piston 423 moves at the same speed as the adjusting rack 314 or the clamping pad 46; Furthermore, the relative movement process between the clamping pad 46 and the "convex surface" of the circuit board (the principle of the concave surface is the opposite) under actual working conditions is illustrated by example; Under the synchronous action of the clamping plate 1, the clamping pad 46 moves along its axis toward the circuit board to a predetermined depth (if the actual axial displacement of the clamping pad 46 is consistent with the predetermined displacement, it means that the contact surface between the circuit board and the clamping pad 46 is theoretically relatively horizontal at this time, and during this process, the relative movement of the limiting rod 426 and the inner wall serpentine groove 416 of the upper ring 415, whether in depth or relative action period, is consistent with the relative movement depth and period between the single-headed ball rod 413 and the inner wall serpentine groove 416 of the lower ring 414; therefore, the relative rotation and speed of the sealing plates 417 on both sides are consistent, and the arc groove 431, wedge roller 435 and spring lever 439 are in the initial position—there is no speed difference between the two causing the aforementioned components to misalign and generate a series of chain movements). If the clamping pad 46 contacts the "convex surface" of the circuit board, the relative movement depth of the clamping pad 46 relative to the adjusting rack 314 and piston 423 is "more than the height of the convex surface of the circuit board (relative to the theoretical horizontal plane of the circuit board)". At this time, under the influence of the synchronous movement depth of the pad, the clamping spindle 45 controls the corresponding spindle 411 to drive the shaft sleeve 412 to make an actual axial depth displacement (the actual displacement is greater than the preset displacement, which will be described as "displacement difference" in the following description). The displacement difference causes the single-headed ball stick 413 to have an additional relative interaction relationship with the limit rod 426 and the snake groove 416 (in actual operation, this can be achieved by reasonable adjustment). The design layout of the serpentine groove 416 spacing, with the extended range, transforms the axial displacement difference of the clamping pad 46 into a significant rotational amount of the upper ring 415 or the lower ring 414, improving the accuracy and sensing bandwidth of dynamic clamping. At the same time, during actual processing, the consistency of the groove width, groove spacing, and stroke of the serpentine groove 416 on the inner wall of the upper ring 415 and the lower ring 414 is strictly controlled to ensure the relative motion consistency of the two sealing plates 417, thereby improving the actual transformation explicit relationship under differential speed conditions. The difference in relative rotational amount between the lower ring 414 and the upper ring 415 due to the aforementioned "displacement difference" is also improved. The arc groove 431 (corresponding to the current circuit board convex surface and the clamping pad 46 exceeding the preset relative depth relationship) and the current rotation direction (in actual operation, when the clamping pad 46 contacts the concave and convex surfaces of the circuit board, the lower ring 414 rotates in the opposite direction depending on the positive or negative displacement difference) instantly cuts into the wedge roller 435 corresponding to the current area (the arc groove 431 on the other side will not press the wedge roller 435 in the current area under the current rotation direction (the arc groove 431 has a certain circumferential space capacity)). After being pressed, the wedge roller 435 compresses the return spring 436 under the combined support of the outer ring 433 and the inner ring 434. Subsequently, the oil inside the right-angle groove 432 squeezes the spring lever 439, causing it to insert into a pre-set hole in the main ring 437. (This is a simplified description; in practice, when the convex surface of the circuit board contacts the clamping pad 46, the spring lever 439 will be inserted into a pre-set hole on one side of the main ring 437. Furthermore, in specific implementation, the half-groove on one side of the secondary ring 438 of the main ring 437 is...) To ensure that the insertion and rotation of the spring lever 439 at the same position are not interfered with by the position of the main position ring 437 or the secondary position ring 438 on the same side, the main position ring 437 synchronously drives the corner ring 44 to rotate at a predetermined angle (in accordance with the displacement difference under the current state). Under the combined action of the screw ring 43 and the clamping spindle 45, the corner ring 44 moves along the axis of the clamping sleeve, changing the current compression of the telescopic spring 47, so as to achieve a relatively balanced clamping force under different actual contact conditions at different points, stabilize the clamping effect, and reduce the risk of circuit board damage (at the same time, it can be adapted to continuous dynamic stable clamping under multiple tasks).

[0036] The circuits and controls involved in this invention are all existing technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0037] The above are merely embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the patent. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the description and drawings of the present invention, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A circuit board clamping and detection device with positioning calibration, comprising a clamping plate (1), characterized in that: A visual inspection unit (2) is provided on the outside of the sleeve plate (1), and an adjustment unit (3) is provided between the visual inspection unit (2) and the sleeve plate (1). A dynamic clamping unit (4) is snapped into the middle position of one end of the sleeve plate (1). The dynamic clamping unit (4) includes: The clamping cylinder (41) is installed in a through-type snap-fit ​​at the middle position of one end of the clamping plate (1); The sealing ring (42) is slidably snapped onto the inner wall of the clamping cylinder (41) near the ground. The screw ring (43) is embedded and snapped onto the inner wall of the clamping cylinder (41) near the sealing ring (42); Angle ring (44) is threadedly installed on the inner wall of threaded ring (43); The clamping spindle (45) is installed in a through-type plug-in manner at the center of the sealing ring (42), and the clamping spindle (45) is slidably snapped together with the corner ring (44); The clamping pad (46) is snapped onto the end of the clamping spindle (45) away from the screw ring (43); The telescopic spring (47) is snapped between the opposite surfaces of the corner ring (44) and the sealing ring (42), and the telescopic spring (47) is sleeved on the outer wall of the clamping spindle (45).

2. The circuit board clamping and detection device with positioning calibration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping spindle (45) has a corresponding shaft (411) snapped onto the inner wall of the end away from the clamping pad (46). A shaft seal sleeve (412) is snapped onto the outer wall of the corresponding shaft (411). A single-headed cue stick (413) is snapped onto the middle position of the outer wall of the shaft seal sleeve (412). A lower ring disc (414) is coaxially arranged in the alternating area of ​​the shaft diameter of the clamping cylinder (41). An upper ring disc is arranged opposite the end of the lower ring disc (414) away from the clamping pad (46). 415), and the upper ring (415) is rotatably fitted with the inner wall of the sleeve. The inner walls of the upper ring (415) and the lower ring (414) are both provided with a snake groove (416). The snake groove (416) at the end of the lower ring (414) is slidably engaged with the single-headed ball rod (413). The upper ring (415) and the lower ring (414) are both fitted with sealing plates (417) on opposite sides. The thickness of the sealing plates (417) is different.

3. The circuit board clamping and detection device with positioning calibration according to claim 2, characterized in that: An air inlet valve (421) is plugged into and snapped onto the end of the clamping cylinder (41) away from the clamping pad (46). A pressure relief valve (422) is plugged into and snapped onto the side wall of the end of the clamping cylinder (41) away from the clamping pad (46). A piston (423) is slidably snapped onto the inner wall of the end of the clamping cylinder (41) near the air inlet valve (421) through a sealing pad. A corner post (424) is snapped onto the axis of the end of the piston (423) away from the air inlet valve (421). A ring sleeve (425) is snapped onto the outer wall of the end of the corner post (424) away from the air inlet valve (421). A limit rod (426) is snapped onto the middle position of the outer wall of the ring sleeve (425), and the limit rod (426) is slidably snapped onto the snake groove (416) at the end of the upper ring (415).

4. The circuit board clamping and detection device with positioning calibration according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sealing plate (417) at the end near the intake valve (421) has symmetrically formed arc grooves (431), each arc groove (431) being one-third of the circumference. The sealing plate (417) at the end away from the intake valve (421) has symmetrically formed right-angle grooves (432), the number and position of which correspond one-to-one with the position and number of the arc grooves (431). The inner diameter of the right-angle grooves (432) is equal to the inner diameter of the arc grooves (431). One segment of the right-angle groove (432) is located near the port... The inner wall is slidably snapped with an outer ring (433), and the outer ring (433) is directly opposite to the arc groove (431). The inner wall of the right angle groove (432) is snapped with an inner ring (434) that is directly opposite to the outer ring (433). The outer ring (433) is plugged into the shaft center and is fitted with a wedge roller (435) that is slidably snapped with the inner ring (434). The inner ring (434) and the outer ring (433) are both snapped with a return spring (436) sleeved on the outer wall of the shaft section of the wedge roller (435). A main positioning ring (437) is slidably snapped onto the inner wall of another segment of the right-angle groove (432) near the port. A secondary pole ring (438) opposite to the main positioning ring (437) is snapped onto the inner wall of the right-angle groove (432). A spring lever (439) is slidably snapped onto the axis of the main positioning ring (437) and is connected in a through-type snap-fit ​​with the secondary pole ring (438). The axis of the spring lever (439) is perpendicular to the axis of the wedge roller (435) shaft. An outer lever ring (4391) is rotatably fitted onto the inner wall of the sleeve near the clamping pad (46). The inner wall of the outer ring (4391) is rotatably fitted with an inner ring (4392) that is rotatably fitted with the lower ring (414). The inner ring (4392) and the outer ring (4391) are slidably snapped together with the corner ring (44) at the end near the clamping pad (46). The outer ring (4391) and the inner ring (4392) are both provided with a half-groove on the side away from the clamping pad (46), and the two half-grooves are staggered. In addition, the outer wall of the outer ring (4391) and the inner ring (4392) away from the clamping pad (46) is provided with a hole that matches the spring lever (439).

5. The circuit board clamping and detection device with positioning calibration according to claim 4, characterized in that: The jacket plate (1) has a base (11) on the outside near the ground. The four corners of the base (11) near the ground are fitted with damping angle seats (12). The side of the base (11) away from the ground is fitted with a horizontal work platform (13) by bolts. The side of the horizontal work platform (13) away from the base (11) is fitted with an electric conveyor rail (14) in a symmetrical manner. The side of the electric conveyor rail (14) away from the base (11) is fitted with a slide rail (15).

6. The circuit board clamping and detection device with positioning calibration according to claim 5, characterized in that: The visual detection unit (2) includes: Two support plates (21) are symmetrically snapped onto the end face of the base (11) facing away from the ground. Anchor plate (22) is detachably bolted between the base (11) and the outer wall of the support plate (21); The horizontal rail (23) is snapped onto the two support plates (21) at the ends opposite to the ground. The guide rails (24) are two in number and are symmetrically snapped together in the middle of the inner wall of the horizontal rail (23); The servo motor (25) is mounted on the support plate (21) at the end away from the ground via a motor mounting shaft; and the output end of the servo motor (25) passes through the support plate (21) and is rotatably fitted with it. The lead screw (26) is rotatably mounted on the two support plates (21) at the ends away from the ground, and one end of the lead screw (26) is snapped into the output end of the servo motor (25). The vision backplate (27) is threadedly installed in the middle of the outer wall of the lead screw (26), and the vision backplate (27) is slidably snapped together with the guide rail (24); in addition, the cross-section of the vision backplate (27) is U-shaped. The output motor (28) is mounted on the horizontal section of the vision back panel (27) away from the ground via a motor mounting shaft, and the output end of the output motor (28) passes through the vision back panel (27).

7. The circuit board clamping and detection device with positioning calibration according to claim 6, characterized in that: The visual backplate (27) is slidably snapped onto the end face away from the horizontal rail (23) with a loading platform (211). The loading platform (211) is detachably snapped onto the end away from the visual backplate (27) with a clamp (212) by bolts. A visual detector (213) is snapped onto the center of the clamp (212). The output end of the output motor (28) is snapped onto the lead screw (214) which is rotatably fitted with the visual backplate (27). The lead screw (214) is threaded onto the loading platform (211). A protective cover (215) is snapped onto the end of the clamp (212) near the base (11).

8. The circuit board clamping and detection device with positioning calibration according to claim 7, characterized in that: The adjustment unit (3) includes: The concave conveying chamber (31) is snapped between the two slide rails (15); The compensation seat (32) is snapped into the middle position of the horizontal inner wall of the concave conveying chamber (31); The receiving platform (33) is snapped onto the end of the compensation seat (32) away from the concave conveying chamber (31); Two electric cylinders (34) are installed symmetrically on the outer horizontal wall of the concave conveying chamber (31) near the horizontal rail (23); The scheduling plate (35) is positioned opposite to the electric cylinder (34) on one side, and the scheduling plate (35) is snapped together with the concave conveying bin (31). Angle plate (36) is mounted in an array-like sliding snap-fit ​​assembly on the middle position of the end face of the scheduling plate (35) away from the base (11), and the cross-section of angle plate (36) is L-shaped. In addition, the vertical section of angle plate (36) is close to the end of the base (11).

9. A circuit board clamping and detection device with positioning calibration according to claim 8, characterized in that: An adjusting gear (311) is rotatably fitted at the middle position of the vertical section of the angle plate (36). Guide bars (312) are symmetrically snapped onto the outer wall of the vertical section of the angle plate (36), and the guide bars (312) are slidably snapped onto the sleeve plate (1). In addition, a clearance groove (313) is provided on the end face of the sleeve plate (1), and the two opposite clearance grooves (313) in the same group are staggered. The end face of the sleeve plate (1) near the adjusting gear (311) is snapped onto the... An adjusting rack (314) adapted to the clearance groove (313) is installed. A crank (315) is provided on the side of the scheduling plate (35) away from the concave conveying chamber (31), and there are four cranks (315). The cranks (315) rotate in pairs. A connecting plate (316) is provided between the two sets of cranks (315) and rotates in pairs. Spline pins (317) are installed in a plug-in rotational fit between adjacent connecting plates (316) and adjacent cranks (315).

10. A circuit board clamping and detection device with positioning calibration according to claim 9, characterized in that: The sleeve has a T-shaped cross section. The angle plates (36) at both ends are rotatably fitted with the spline pins (317) at the ends of the adjacent cranks (315). The remaining angle plates (36) are rotatably fitted with the spline pins (317) at the ends of the adjacent connecting plates (316). The vertical spacing between adjacent angle plates (36) is the same.

Images