A valve-pump electronic control integrated structure for a breath detection device

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of medical breath testing equipment technology, and provides an integrated valve-pump electronic control structure for a breath testing device. The structure includes a microcontroller unit, a multi-channel valve drive circuit, a pump drive circuit, and a bus interface circuit for connecting pressure sensors and gas sensors, all mounted on the same control board. The microcontroller unit outputs valve control signals and pump control signals, which drive the multi-channel valves and the circulating pump respectively through the valve drive circuit and the pump drive circuit. The bus interface circuit connects to the pressure sensors and gas sensors via a unified communication bus and provides the collected sensor signals to the microcontroller unit. When the system is powered on or reset, the multi-channel valve drive circuit and the pump drive circuit enter a preset default safety state, closing the valves and stopping the circulating pump or entering a safe venting mode, thereby improving the operational safety and reliability of the device under abnormal operating conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical breath testing equipment technology, and in particular to a valve-pump electrical control integrated structure for a breath testing device, used to centrally drive and control multiple valves and circulating pumps in the breath testing device, and to connect with pressure sensors and gas sensors through a unified electrical interface. Background Technology

[0002] In existing breath testing devices, it is usually necessary to control a multi-way three-way valve, an exhaust valve, and a circulation pump to achieve multiple gas path modes such as waste gas discharge, sample gas collection, circulation testing, and cleaning discharge.

[0003] In existing designs, valve drive circuits and pump drive circuits are often distributed on different circuit boards or as discrete components within the machine. The interfaces of pressure sensors and gas sensors are also mixed with the main control circuit wiring, resulting in complex wiring, difficult assembly, and inconvenient fault location.

[0004] On the other hand, some devices lack a unified default safety state design. When the system is powered on, reset, or communication is abnormal, the state of valves and pumps is unpredictable, which may cause malfunctions, such as accidentally opening valves or starting pumps in non-detection states, which may bring safety hazards or affect the detection process.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a valve-pump electrical control integrated structure that integrates valve drive, pump drive and sensor interface on a single control board, so as to achieve compact structure, simplified wiring and unified interface, and improve the safety and reliability of the system under abnormal operating conditions through default safety state design. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Purpose of the invention The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated valve-pump electrical control structure for a breath detection device. By integrating a microcontroller unit, valve drive circuit, pump drive circuit, and sensor interface circuit on the same control board, the electrical drive of multiple valves and circulating pump, as well as the bus interfaces of pressure sensors and gas sensors, are designed in a unified manner, thereby simplifying the wiring and assembly of the entire device. Furthermore, the system's safety is enhanced under power-on, reset, or abnormal conditions through preset default safety states. Technical solution

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a valve-pump electronic control integrated structure for an exhalation detection device, including a microcontroller unit, at least one valve drive circuit, a pump drive circuit, and a sensor interface circuit mounted on the same control board; the microcontroller unit is used to output valve control signals and pump control signals; the valve drive circuit is connected to one or more valve control output terminals of the microcontroller unit and has an electrical interface for connecting a three-way valve or an exhaust valve; the pump drive circuit is connected to the pump control output terminal of the microcontroller unit and has an electrical interface for connecting a circulation pump; the sensor interface circuit includes a bus interface for connecting to a pressure sensor and a gas sensor via a unified communication bus and providing sensing signals to the microcontroller unit; the valve drive circuit and the pump drive circuit are configured to enter a preset default safe state when powered on or when the microcontroller unit is reset, so that each valve is closed and the circulation pump is stopped, or enter a preset safe exhaust state.

[0008] In one embodiment, the valve drive circuit includes multiple independent high-side or low-side power switching devices, each corresponding to a three-way valve or exhaust valve, and connected in parallel with a freewheeling diode or surge suppression device to meet the drive and protection requirements of the solenoid valve coil load.

[0009] In one embodiment, the pump drive circuit includes a MOSFET driver stage and a power MOSFET for driving a DC circulating pump, wherein the control terminal of the MOSFET driver stage is connected to the pump control output terminal of the microcontroller unit.

[0010] In one embodiment, the bus interface of the sensor interface circuit is an I2C bus interface, and the pressure sensor and the gas sensor are distinguished from the microcontroller unit by I2C addresses.

[0011] In one embodiment, the control board is provided with a communication interface that connects to a host computer or main control unit, for reporting valve and pump status and sensor data, and receiving control commands such as start detection, stop detection, and cleaning.

[0012] In one implementation, the microcontroller unit is configured to switch the valve drive circuit and the pump drive circuit to the default safe state when an abnormal state or communication interruption is detected.

[0013] In one embodiment, the control board is provided with a power processing circuit for supplying power, which provides isolated or graded operating voltages to the microcontroller unit, the valve drive circuit, and the pump drive circuit, respectively.

[0014] In one embodiment, the control board adopts a single-board integrated or modular plug-in structure and reserves a multi-pin connector for connecting to the main board of the breath detection device; the control board is provided with a status indication circuit to indicate the working status of the valve drive channel, pump drive channel and communication status. Beneficial effects

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: By integrating the microcontroller unit, valve drive circuit, pump drive circuit, and sensor interface circuit on a single control board, the scattered wiring and discrete drive modules inside the machine can be significantly reduced, resulting in a compact structure, convenient assembly, and facilitating mass production.

[0016] By connecting to pressure and gas sensors through a unified bus interface, the sensor wiring method is standardized, which is beneficial for subsequent maintenance and upgrades.

[0017] By placing the valve drive circuit and pump drive circuit in a default safe state upon power-on or reset, the system can avoid accidentally opening valves or starting pumps in the initial or abnormal state of the system, thereby improving system safety.

[0018] By interacting with the host computer or main control unit through the communication interface, valve and pump status monitoring, fault diagnosis and remote control can be realized, thereby improving the automation level of system operation. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the valve-pump electronic control integrated structure adopts a single control board. The control board is equipped with a microcontroller chip, a three-way valve drive circuit, and a one-way pump drive circuit, which are used to drive the first three-way valve, the second three-way valve, the exhaust valve, and the circulation pump, respectively. The control board is also equipped with an I2C bus interface for connecting a pressure sensor and a gas sensor.

[0021] The microcontroller outputs valve control signals through multiple GPIO ports to drive MOSFETs or other power switching devices in the valve drive circuit, thereby energizing or de-energizing the corresponding solenoid valve coil; it also outputs pump control signals through an independent GPIO port, which are amplified by the MOSFETs in the pump drive circuit to drive the circulating pump.

[0022] The control board is equipped with a DC-DC converter or linear regulator circuit to convert the input power supply into multiple voltages suitable for the microcontroller and drive circuits, such as a 3.3V logic voltage and a 12V valve / pump drive voltage. The power supply to the valve drive channel and the pump drive channel can be protected by fuses or current limiting devices.

[0023] In the software or hardware logic design, after power-on reset, the control board defaults to setting all valve drive outputs to the off state and the pump drive outputs to the stop state. Similarly, upon detecting abnormal restarts or communication timeouts, the drive outputs are pulled back to the default safe state. Through this design, even if the host computer or main control unit malfunctions, it can be ensured that the air path will not be accidentally opened or the pump will not run erroneously for an extended period.

[0024] The control board connects to the host computer or main control unit via UART, RS485, or other communication interfaces. It periodically reports valve status, pump status, and sensor readings, and receives control commands from the host computer, such as start detection, stop detection, and cleaning commands. The status indication circuit uses LED indicators to display the current operating and communication status of the control board, facilitating maintenance personnel to quickly locate faults.

[0025] It should be understood that, without departing from the concept of this invention, the number of valve drive channels, pump drive method, bus interface type, communication interface form, and the specific packaging or connection method of the control board can all be adjusted according to actual product requirements, and these changes are all within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A valve pump electric control integrated structure of an exhalation detection device, characterized in that, It includes a microcontroller unit, a multi-way valve drive circuit, a pump drive circuit, and a sensor interface circuit, all mounted on the same control board. The microcontroller unit outputs valve control signals and pump control signals; the valve drive circuit is connected to one or more valve control outputs of the microcontroller unit and has an electrical interface for connecting a three-way valve or an exhaust valve; the pump drive circuit is connected to the pump control output of the microcontroller unit and has an electrical interface for connecting a circulating pump; the sensor interface circuit includes a bus interface for connecting to pressure sensors and gas sensors via a unified communication bus and providing sensing signals to the microcontroller unit; the valve drive circuit and the pump drive circuit are configured to enter a default safe state upon power-on or microcontroller unit reset, wherein the default safe state includes closing the valve and stopping the circulating pump, or the control device entering a safe exhaust mode.

2. The valve pump electric control integration structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The valve drive circuit includes multiple independent high-side or low-side power switching devices, each corresponding to a three-way valve or exhaust valve, and connected in parallel with a freewheeling diode or surge suppression device.

3. The valve pump electric control integration structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pump drive circuit includes a MOSFET driver stage and a power MOSFET for driving a DC circulating pump. The control terminal of the MOSFET driver stage is connected to the pump control output terminal of the microcontroller unit.

4. The valve pump electric control integration structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bus interface of the sensor interface circuit is an I2C bus interface, and the pressure sensor and the gas sensor are distinguished from the microcontroller unit by I2C addresses.

5. The valve pump electric control integration structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control board is equipped with a communication interface that connects to a host computer or main control unit, used to report valve and pump status and sensor data, and to receive control commands such as start detection, stop detection, and cleaning.

6. The valve-pump electronic control integrated structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microcontroller unit is configured to switch the multi-way valve drive circuit and the pump drive circuit to the default safe state when at least one abnormal state is detected, wherein the abnormal state includes: abnormal power supply voltage, abnormal communication bus, and abnormal watchdog timeout.

7. The valve-pump electronic control integrated structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control board is equipped with a power processing circuit for power supply, which provides isolated or graded operating voltages to the microcontroller unit, the valve drive circuit and the pump drive circuit respectively.

8. The valve-pump electronic control integrated structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control board adopts a single-board integrated or modular plug-in structure, and a multi-pin connector is reserved for connecting to the main board of the breath detection device.