Light emitting device, display apparatus including the light emitting device, and electronic apparatus including the display apparatus

Abstract

This disclosure provides a light-emitting device, a display device including the light-emitting device, and an electronic device including the display device. The light-emitting device includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode. The interlayer includes a first emitting layer and a second emitting layer stacked sequentially. The first emitting layer and the second emitting layer satisfy condition 1: Condition 1 GSP1 < 10 mV / nm ≤ GSP2, where, in condition 1, GSP1 is the giant surface potential of the first emitting layer, and GSP2 is the giant surface potential of the second emitting layer.

Description

[0001] This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0202486, filed on December 31, 2024, and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2025-0168688, filed on November 10, 2025, and all benefits derived therefrom, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0002] One or more embodiments relate to a light-emitting device, a display device including a light-emitting device, and an electronic device including a display device. Background Technology

[0003] Self-emitting devices (e.g., organic light-emitting devices) in light-emitting devices have wide viewing angles, high contrast, short response times, and excellent characteristics in terms of brightness, driving voltage, and response speed.

[0004] In the example, the light-emitting device may include a first electrode, a hole transport region, an emitter layer, an electron transport region, and a second electrode arranged sequentially. Holes injected from the first electrode can move towards the emitter layer through the hole transport region. Electrons injected from the second electrode can move towards the emitter layer through the electron transport region. Charge carriers, such as these holes and electrons, recombine in the emitter layer to generate excitons. When the excitons transition from the excited state to the ground state, light can be generated. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One or more embodiments include a light-emitting device with a long lifespan, a display device with improved display quality by including a light-emitting device, and a high-quality electronic device including a display device.

[0006] Other aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description or may be learned by practice of the embodiments presented in this disclosure.

[0007] According to one or more embodiments, the light-emitting device includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode, comprising a first emitting layer and a second emitting layer stacked sequentially, wherein the first emitting layer and the second emitting layer satisfy condition 1:

[0008] Condition 1

[0009] GSP1 < 10mV / nm ≤ GSP2,

[0010] Among them, in condition 1,

[0011] GSP1 is the giant surface potential of the first emitter layer, and

[0012] GSP2 represents the giant surface potential of the second emitter layer.

[0013] In one embodiment, the first emission layer may be disposed between the first electrode and the second emission layer, and the second emission layer may be disposed between the first emission layer and the second electrode.

[0014] In an embodiment, the first electrode may be an anode, and the second electrode may be a cathode.

[0015] In this implementation, the first emission layer and the second emission layer can be in direct contact with each other.

[0016] In an embodiment, the interlayer may include a first stack adjacent to the first electrode and a second stack adjacent to the second electrode, and at least one of the first stack and the second stack may include a first emission layer and a second emission layer that satisfy condition 1.

[0017] In an embodiment, the interlayer may further include a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode and the first emitter layer and an electron transport region disposed between the second emitter layer and the second electrode.

[0018] In this embodiment, at least one of the first emitting layer and the second emitting layer can emit blue light.

[0019] In an embodiment, at least one of the first and second emission layers can emit fluorescence or delayed fluorescence.

[0020] In the implementation, the absolute value of GSP1 in condition 1 may be less than 10 mV / nm.

[0021] In an embodiment, at least one of the first emitter layer and the second emitter layer may include at least one type of boron-containing dopant.

[0022] In an embodiment, the first emitter layer may include a first dopant containing boron, the second emitter layer may include a second dopant containing boron, and the first dopant and the second dopant may be the same as or different from each other.

[0023] In an embodiment, at least one of the first emission layer and the second emission layer may include a body comprising fused groups in which 3 to 5 phenyl groups are fused together.

[0024] In one embodiment, the first emission layer may include a first body containing fused groups, the second emission layer may include a second body containing fused groups, and the first body and the second body may be different from each other.

[0025] In an embodiment, the body may further include a carbazole group attached to a fused group.

[0026] In embodiments, the body may further include a component that is linked to a fused group and is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R group. 10a Replacement C3-C20 Cycloalkyl.

[0027] In the implementation, the first emission layer and the second emission layer can satisfy condition 1-1:

[0028] Condition 1-1

[0029] 0mV / nm≤GSP1<10mV / nm≤GSP2,

[0030] In condition 1-1, GSP1 and GSP2 are the same as GSP1 and GSP2 described in conjunction with condition 1.

[0031] According to one or more embodiments, a display device includes a light-emitting device, the light-emitting device including a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an interlayer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a first emitting layer and a second emitting layer stacked sequentially; and a thin-film transistor electrically connected to the first electrode, wherein the first emitting layer and the second emitting layer satisfy condition 1:

[0032] Condition 1

[0033] GSP1 < 10mV / nm ≤ GSP2,

[0034] Among them, in condition 1,

[0035] GSP1 is the giant surface potential of the first emitter layer, and

[0036] GSP2 represents the giant surface potential of the second emitter layer.

[0037] In an embodiment, the display device may further include a color filter, a color conversion layer, a touch screen layer, a polarizing layer, or any combination thereof.

[0038] According to one or more embodiments, the electronic device may include:

[0039] A display device, comprising: a light-emitting device including a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and a sandwich layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a first emission layer and a second emission layer stacked sequentially; and a thin-film transistor electrically connected to the first electrode, wherein the first emission layer and the second emission layer satisfy condition 1:

[0040] Condition 1

[0041] GSP1 < 10mV / nm ≤ GSP2,

[0042] In condition 1, GSP1 is the giant surface potential of the first emitter layer, and GSP2 is the giant surface potential of the second emitter layer; and

[0043] A processor that transmits signals to the display device.

[0044] In implementation, the electronic device may be one of the following: flat panel display, curved display, computer monitor, medical monitor, television, billboard, indoor light, outdoor light, signal light, head-up display, fully transparent display, partially transparent display, flexible display, rollable display, foldable display, retractable display, smart glasses, head-mounted display, smartwatch, laser printer, telephone, portable telephone, mobile phone, tablet PC, tablet computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), wearable device, laptop computer, digital camera, camcorder, viewfinder, microdisplay, three-dimensional (3D) display, virtual reality display, augmented reality display, vehicle instrument panel, center information display (CID) in a vehicle, head-up display in a vehicle, in-vehicle mirror display, video wall with multiple displays spliced ​​together, theater screen, stadium screen, phototherapy device, and sign. Attached Figure Description

[0045] The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of certain embodiments of this disclosure will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0046] Figure 1 A diagram illustrating the movement of holes and electrons in a light-emitting device, as well as the energy levels of the emitting layer and its adjacent layers;

[0047] Figure 2 To explain Figure 1 A diagram of the emission region and the energy levels of the emission layer and its adjacent layers;

[0048] Figure 3 To illustrate the diagram of the emitting region and the energy levels of the emitting layer and its adjacent layer when the light-emitting device includes two emitting layers;

[0049] Figure 4 A diagram illustrating the energy levels and emission regions of the emitting layer and its adjacent layers, as well as the movement of holes, in a light-emitting device according to an embodiment;

[0050] Figure 5 A diagram illustrating the energy levels and emission regions of the emitting layer and its adjacent layers, as well as the movement of holes and electrons, in a light-emitting device comprising a single-layer emitting layer with a positive giant surface potential;

[0051] Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the light-emitting device according to an embodiment;

[0052] Figure 7 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting device according to another embodiment;

[0053] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of a display device including a light-emitting device according to an embodiment;

[0054] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of another display device including a light-emitting device according to an embodiment;

[0055] Figure 10 A schematic perspective view of an electronic device including a light-emitting device according to an embodiment;

[0056] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the exterior of a vehicle, which includes an electronic device with a light-emitting device, according to an embodiment.

[0057] Figures 12A to 12C Each serves as an illustrative interpretation Figure 11 A diagram of the vehicle's interior;

[0058] Figure 13 This is a block diagram of an electronic device including a display device according to an embodiment; and

[0059] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to various embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0060] Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments exemplified in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals denote like elements throughout the description. In this regard, embodiments may take different forms and should not be construed as limited to the description set forth herein. Accordingly, embodiments are described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings to explain aspects of this description. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated enumerated items. Throughout this disclosure, the expression “at least one of a, b, and c” indicates only a, only b, only c, both a and b, both a and c, both b and c, all of a, b, and c, or variations thereof.

[0061] For example, while terms such as first and second may be used to describe various components, components should not be limited by the terms. Terms used herein may distinguish one component from others and are not limited by the terms. For example, without departing from the scope of this disclosure, a first component may be referred to as a second component, and similarly, a second component may be referred to as a first component. Unless otherwise indicated, singular terms may include plural forms.

[0062] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, “a,” “an,” “the,” and “at least one” do not indicate a limitation of quantity and are intended to include both the singular and the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. For example, “element” has the same meaning as “at least one element” unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. “At least one” should not be construed as limited to “a” or “an.” “Or” means “and / or.” As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated enumerated items. It will be further understood that, when used in this specification, the terms “comprising” and / or “including” or “containing” and / or “including” indicate the presence of the described features, areas, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, areas, integers, steps, operations, elements, or components.

[0063] As used herein, the terms “about” or “approximately” include a stated value and include a range of appropriate deviations from a particular value determined by a person skilled in the art taking into account the measurement in question and the error associated with the measurement of the particular quantity. For example, the term “about” may mean within one or more standard deviations of a stated value, or within ±30%, ±20%, ±10%, or ±5% of a stated value.

[0064] As used herein, the term "substantially" means approximately or actually. The term "substantially equal" means approximately equal or actually equal. The term "substantially identical" means approximately identical or actually identical. The term "substantially the same" means approximately the same or actually the same. The term "substantially perpendicular" means approximately perpendicular or actually perpendicular.

[0065] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as “below,” “under,” “down,” “above,” and “on” are used herein to describe the relationship of one element or feature to one or more other elements or features illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that, in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures, spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation. For example, if the device in the figures is flipped, the element described as “below” or “under” other elements or features will then be oriented “above” other elements or features. Thus, the term “below” can encompass both the orientations above and below. The device may be oriented in other ways (rotated 90 degrees or otherwise), and the spatial relative descriptors used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0066] The embodiments described herein are illustrated with reference cross-sections, which are illustrative of exemplary embodiments. Therefore, variations in the characteristics of the illustrated sections are expected, for example, due to manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances. Consequently, the embodiments described herein should not be construed as limited to the specific shapes of the regions as illustrated herein, but should include, for example, deviations in shape caused by manufacturing processes. For instance, regions illustrated or described as flat may generally have rough and / or non-linear characteristics. Furthermore, the sharp corners of the illustrated sections may be rounded. Therefore, the regions illustrated in the figures are schematic in nature, and their shapes are not intended to illustrate precise shapes of the regions, nor are they intended to limit the scope of the claims.

[0067] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, shall be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the relevant field and in the context of this disclosure, and shall not be interpreted in an ideal or overly formal sense unless expressly defined herein.

[0068] It should be understood that the various embodiments of this disclosure and the terminology used therein are not intended to limit the technical features set forth herein to particular embodiments, but rather to include various changes, equivalents, or substitutions to corresponding embodiments. Regarding the description of the drawings, similar reference numerals may be used to refer to similar or related elements. It should be understood that unless the relevant context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form of the noun corresponding to an item may include one or more things.

[0069] It should be understood that if an element (e.g., the first element) is referred to as "linked" to another element (e.g., the second element), "linked to" another element (e.g., the second element), "connected" to another element (e.g., the second element), "connected to" another element (e.g., the second element), "connected" to another element (e.g., the second element), or "connected to" another element (e.g., the second element), regardless of whether the terms "operably" or "communically" are used, this means that the element can be connected to the other element directly (e.g., wired), wirelessly, or via a third element.

[0070] When organic materials included in an emitter layer disposed between two electrodes have dipoles and are therefore aligned in a specific direction, the electric field generated by the dipoles can induce a surface potential within the emitter layer. In examples where the dipoles are aligned in the direction pointing towards the two electrodes, the emitter layer may exhibit giant surface potential (GSP) characteristics. GSP can be calculated using known methods (such as linear fitting) from the variation of the emitter layer's surface potential with thickness. GSP can be determined by the structure of the organic materials, the composition of the organic materials, and the deposition conditions of the emitter layer. Although the surface potential of the emitter layer can vary with its thickness, the GSP of the emitter layer is minimally affected by thickness and can remain essentially constant. In light-emitting devices, the GSP of the emitter layer can be positive when it is induced to be negatively charged in the anode direction and positively charged in the cathode direction. In some aspects, the GSP of the emitter layer can be negative when it is induced to be positively charged in the anode direction and negatively charged in the cathode direction. The negatively charged portion can have a relatively increased energy level due to electron repulsion, while the positively charged portion can have a relatively decreased energy level.

[0071] Figure 1 This diagram illustrates the movement of holes and electrons in a light-emitting device and the energy levels of the emitting layer and its adjacent layers. In an exemplary embodiment, the layer adjacent to the emitting layer EML in the anode direction relative to the emitting layer EML is a hole transport layer (HTL), and the layer adjacent to the emitting layer EML in the cathode direction relative to the emitting layer EML is an electron transport layer (ETL). The hole transport layer HTL is a non-limiting example of a layer adjacent to the emitting layer EML in the hole transport region, and an electron blocking layer may be further arranged between the hole transport layer HTL and the emitting layer EML. The electron transport layer ETL is a non-limiting example of a layer adjacent to the emitting layer EML in the electron transport region, and a hole blocking layer may be further arranged between the electron transport layer ETL and the emitting layer EML.

[0072] refer to Figure 1 Holes can move from the hole transport layer (HTL) to the emitter layer (EML), and electrons can move from the electron transport layer (ETL) to the emitter layer (EML). Holes and electrons can recombine in the emitter layer (EML) to generate excitons, and excitons can transition from the excited state to the ground state, thereby generating light in the emitter layer (EML).

[0073] Holes can be transported along the first hole transport path HT1 to the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the host in the emitter layer EML, or along the second hole transport path HT2 to the HOMO of the dopant in the emitter layer EML.

[0074] Electrons can be transported along the first electron transport path ET1 to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the host in the emitter layer EML, or along the second electron transport path ET2 to the LUMO of the dopant in the emitter layer EML.

[0075] For example, blue fluorescent dopants tend to be electron-decomposed, and therefore require the induction of electrons along the first electron transport path ET1. Therefore, blue fluorescent dopants can be selected from materials with shallow LUMO energy levels.

[0076] In some cases, dopants need to maintain their maximum emission wavelength at blue fluorescence, which results in a shallower HOMO level for the blue fluorescent dopant. Accordingly, in blue fluorescent emitting devices, holes are induced to travel along the second hole transport path HT2 instead of the first hole transport path HT1, causing holes to tend to be trapped within the emitter layer EML.

[0077] Figure 2 To explain Figure 1 A diagram of the emission region and the energy levels of the emission layer and its adjacent layers.

[0078] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As strong hole trapping is induced within the emitter layer (EML), a large portion of the emitter zone (EZ) lies near the interface between the hole transport layer (HTL) and the emitter layer (EML), allowing the emitter zone (EZ) to narrow. With a narrower emitter zone (EZ), the concentration of triplet excitons increases, thereby accelerating triplet-polaron quenching (TPQ) or triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA). This leads to a degradation in the lifetime of the blue fluorescence emitting device.

[0079] Figure 3 A diagram illustrating the emission region EZ and the energy levels of the emission layer and its adjacent layers when the light-emitting device includes two emission layers.

[0080] refer to Figure 3 The emitter layer EML comprises a first emitter layer EML1 adjacent to the hole transport layer HTL and a second emitter layer EML2 adjacent to the electron transport layer ETL. Even when the second emitter layer EML2, made of the same material as the first emitter layer EML1, is used in a blue fluorescent emitting device, a large portion of the emitter region EZ can be located at the interface between the hole transport layer HTL and the first emitter layer EML1 due to strong hole trapping at the interface between the hole transport layer HTL and the emitter layer EML, resulting in a narrow emitter region EZ.

[0081] Figure 4 A diagram illustrating the energy levels and emission regions EZ of the emitting layer and its adjacent layers, as well as the movement of holes, in a light-emitting device according to an embodiment.

[0082] refer to Figure 4The second emitter layer EML2 has a positive GSP, which allows negative charges to be induced in the anode direction and positive charges to be induced in the cathode direction. The negatively charged portion of the second emitter layer EML2 and a portion of the first emitter layer EML1 adjacent thereto may have relatively increased energy levels, and the positively charged portion of the second emitter layer EML2 and a portion of the first emitter layer EML1 relatively far from the second emitter layer EML2 may have relatively decreased energy levels.

[0083] Correspondingly, holes moving from the hole transport layer HTL to the emitter layer EML can travel relatively far from the interface between the hole transport layer HTL and the emitter layer EML. Therefore, even if hole trapping is induced at the interface between the hole transport layer HTL and the first emitter layer EML1 and / or the interface between the first emitter layer EML1 and the second emitter layer EML2 due to the shallow HOMO energy level of the blue fluorescent dopant, the emission region EZ within the emitter layer EML will be relatively wide. This implementation of a wide emission region EZ reduces the concentration of triplet excitons, and due to the reduced decay of triplet excitons, the blue fluorescent emitting device can have an improved lifetime.

[0084] Figure 5 A diagram illustrating the energy levels and emission regions (EZ) of the emitting layer and its adjacent layers, as well as the movement of holes and electrons, in a light-emitting device including a single-layer emitting layer with a positive GSP.

[0085] refer to Figure 5 The monolayer emitter layer (EML) has a positive gas-spike ratio (GSP), which allows negative charges to be induced in the anode direction and positive charges to be induced in the cathode direction. The negatively charged portion of the emitter layer (EML) and a portion of the adjacent hole transport layer (HTL) can have relatively increased energy levels, while the positively charged portion of the emitter layer (EML) and a portion of the adjacent electron transport layer (ETL) can have relatively decreased energy levels.

[0086] As the HOMO level of the dopant becomes deeper toward the interface between the emitter layer (EML) and the electron transport layer (ETL), holes trapped at the interface between the hole transport layer (HTL) and the emitter layer (EML) find it more difficult to move toward the interface between the emitter layer (EML) and the electron transport layer (ETL). Therefore, even when using a single-layer emitter layer (EML) with positive GSP, the emitter region (EZ) will be narrow.

[0087] Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the light-emitting device according to an embodiment.

[0088] refer to Figure 6The light-emitting device 11 includes: a first electrode 110; a second electrode 150 facing the first electrode 110; and an interlayer between the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 150, including a first emitting layer 131 and a second emitting layer 132 stacked sequentially. As used herein, the term "interlayer" refers to a single layer and / or multiple layers disposed between the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 150 of the light-emitting device 11. The interlayer may further include a hole transport region 120 disposed between the first electrode 110 and the first emitting layer 131. The interlayer may further include an electron transport region 140 disposed between the second emitting layer 132 and the second electrode 150.

[0089] Hole transport region 120, first emission layer 131, second emission layer 132, and electron transport region 140 may collectively be referred to as a stack ST. In an example where the interlayer includes multiple stack STs, the light-emitting device 11 may be a series-connected light-emitting device. The multiple stack STs may be referred to as a first stack and a second stack, etc., and the series-connected light-emitting device may further include a charge generation layer (CGL) disposed between the multiple STs. Although Figure 6 The text describes a stacked volume ST, but will refer to... Figure 7 Describe a series-connected light-emitting device.

[0090] Figure 7 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting device according to another embodiment.

[0091] refer to Figure 7 The light-emitting device 12 includes: a first electrode 110; a second electrode 150 facing the first electrode 110; and an interlayer between the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 150. The interlayer may include a plurality of stacked bodies ST. The plurality of stacked bodies ST may include a first stacked body ST1 and a second stacked body ST2. Although an embodiment in which the plurality of stacked bodies ST includes two stacked bodies ST has been described, the plurality of stacked bodies ST may include three stacked bodies ST, four stacked bodies ST, five stacked bodies ST, or six or more stacked bodies ST. The interlayer may further include a charge generation layer disposed between the first stacked body ST1 and the second stacked body ST2. Each of the first stacked body ST1 and the second stacked body ST2 may sequentially include a hole transport region, an emission layer, and an electron transport region from the direction near the first electrode 110. In an embodiment, the first stacked body ST1 may be connected to a reference... Figure 6 The described stack STs are substantially the same. That is, the first stack ST1 may have a two-layer emitter layer structure. In one or more embodiments, the second stack ST2 may be the same as described by reference. Figure 6 The described stack ST is substantially the same. That is, the second stack ST2 may have a two-layer emitter layer structure. In one or more embodiments, each of the first stack ST1 and the second stack ST2 may be similar to the referenced one. Figure 6The described stacks ST are essentially the same. That is, each of the first stack ST1 and the second stack ST2 may have a two-layer emitter structure. Details will be provided below. Figure 6 A more detailed description.

[0092] On one hand, a light-emitting device is provided, comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode, comprising a first emitting layer and a second emitting layer stacked sequentially, wherein the first emitting layer and the second emitting layer satisfy condition 1:

[0093] Condition 1

[0094] GSP1 < 10mV / nm ≤ GSP2,

[0095] Among them, in condition 1,

[0096] GSP1 is the giant surface potential of the first emitter layer, and

[0097] GSP2 represents the giant surface potential of the second emitter layer.

[0098] The materials used to form the first and second emitting layers are not particularly limited as long as the light-emitting device according to the embodiment satisfies condition 1.

[0099] Condition 1 may include Condition 1A and Condition 1B:

[0100] Condition 1A

[0101] GSP1 < 10mV / nm,

[0102] Condition 1B

[0103] 10mV / nm≤GSP2.

[0104] In condition 1A, GSP1 is the giant surface potential of the first emitter layer, and

[0105] In condition 1B, GSP2 is the giant surface potential of the second emitter layer.

[0106] The second emitting layer not only has positive GSP, but also satisfies condition 1B, which effectively widens the emitting area and effectively improves the lifespan of the light-emitting device.

[0107] For reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 As described, by making the first emitting layer satisfy condition 1A, the emitting area can be effectively widened and the lifespan of the light-emitting device can be effectively improved.

[0108] Therefore, since the light-emitting device according to the embodiment satisfies both conditions 1A and 1B, it can have an effectively improved lifespan.

[0109] In one embodiment, a first emitting layer may be adjacent to a first electrode, and a second emitting layer may be adjacent to a second electrode. The first emitting layer may be disposed between the first electrode and the second emitting layer, and the second emitting layer may be disposed between the first emitting layer and the second electrode. The first electrode may be an anode, and the second electrode may be a cathode.

[0110] In some embodiments, the first emitting layer and the second emitting layer may be in direct contact with each other. That is, in embodiments where the light-emitting device is a series light-emitting device, the first emitting layer is an emitting layer located in the first stack, and the second emitting layer is an emitting layer located in the second stack instead of the first stack.

[0111] In one embodiment, the interlayer may include a first stack adjacent to the first electrode and a second stack adjacent to the second electrode, and at least one of the first and second stacks may include a first emission layer and a second emission layer satisfying condition 1. In another embodiment, the first stack may include both a first emission layer and a second emission layer. In one or more embodiments, the second stack may include both a first emission layer and a second emission layer. In one or more embodiments, the first stack may include emission layers (1a) and (2a) stacked sequentially starting from the first electrode, and the second stack may include emission layers (1b) and (2b) stacked sequentially starting from the first electrode, wherein emission layers (1a) and (2a) may satisfy condition 1-a, and emission layers (1b) and (2b) may satisfy condition 1-b.

[0112] Condition 1-a

[0113] GSP 1a <10mV / nm≤GSP 2a ,

[0114] Condition 1-b

[0115] GSP 1b <10mV / nm≤GSP 2b .

[0116] In condition 1-a,

[0117] GSP 1a The giant surface potential of the emitter layer (1a) included in the first stack body, and

[0118] GSP 2a The giant surface potential of the emitter layer (2a) included in the first stack body, and

[0119] In condition 1-b,

[0120] GSP 1bThe giant surface potential of the emitter layer (1b) included in the second stack is, and

[0121] GSP 2b The giant surface potential is the emission layer (2b) included in the second stack.

[0122] In an embodiment, the interlayer may further include at least one of a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode and the first emitter layer and an electron transport region disposed between the second emitter layer and the second electrode. The hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emitter auxiliary layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof. The electron transport region may include a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof. For example, the first emitter layer may be in direct contact with the hole transport layer or the electron blocking layer in the hole transport region, and the second emitter layer may be in direct contact with the electron transport layer or the hole blocking layer in the electron transport region.

[0123] In this implementation, at least one of the first and second emitting layers is capable of emitting blue light. For example, each of the first and second emitting layers is capable of emitting blue light.

[0124] In this embodiment, at least one of the first and second emitting layers is capable of emitting fluorescence or delayed fluorescence. For example, each of the first and second emitting layers is capable of emitting fluorescence or delayed fluorescence.

[0125] In this implementation, the GSP of the second emitter layer (i.e., GSP2 in condition 1) can be in the range of about 10 mV / nm to about 100 mV / nm. For example, GSP2 in condition 1 can be in the range of about 11 mV / nm to about 90 mV / nm, about 12 mV / nm to about 80 mV / nm, about 13 mV / nm to about 70 mV / nm, about 14 mV / nm to about 60 mV / nm, about 15 mV / nm to about 50 mV / nm, about 16 mV / nm to about 45 mV / nm, about 17 mV / nm to about 40 mV / nm, or about 18 mV / nm to about 35 mV / nm.

[0126] In an implementation, the absolute value of the GSP of the first emitter layer (i.e., GSP1 in condition 1) may be less than 10 mV / nm. For example, GSP1 in condition 1 can be in the range of approximately -9.5 mV / nm to approximately 9.5 mV / nm, approximately -9 mV / nm to approximately 9 mV / nm, approximately -8.5 mV / nm to approximately 8.5 mV / nm, approximately -8 mV / nm to approximately 8 mV / nm, approximately -7.5 mV / nm to approximately 7.5 mV / nm, approximately -7 mV / nm to approximately 7 mV / nm, approximately -6.5 mV / nm to approximately 6.5 mV / nm, approximately -6 mV / nm to approximately 6 mV / nm, approximately -5.5 mV / nm to approximately 5.5 mV / nm, approximately -5 mV / nm to approximately 5 mV / nm, approximately -4.5 mV / nm to approximately 4.5 mV / nm, approximately -4 mV / nm to approximately 4 mV / nm, approximately -3.5 mV / nm to approximately 3.5 mV / nm, approximately -3 mV / nm to approximately 3... The range is approximately -2.5 mV / nm to approximately 2.5 mV / nm, approximately -2 mV / nm to approximately 2 mV / nm, approximately -1.5 mV / nm to approximately 1.5 mV / nm, or approximately -1 mV / nm to approximately 1 mV / nm.

[0127] The first emitter layer may have a GSP of 0 or greater. For example, both the first and second emitter layers may satisfy condition 1-1:

[0128] Condition 1-1

[0129] 0mV / nm≤GSP1<10mV / nm≤GSP2,

[0130] In condition 1-1, GSP1 and GSP2 are the same as GSP1 and GSP2 described in conjunction with condition 1.

[0131] In the implementation, GSP1 in condition 1-1 can be at a voltage range of approximately 0.5 mV / nm to approximately 9.5 mV / nm, approximately 0.5 mV / nm to approximately 9 mV / nm, approximately 0.5 mV / nm to approximately 8.5 mV / nm, approximately 0.5 mV / nm to approximately 8 mV / nm, approximately 0.5 mV / nm to approximately 7.5 mV / nm, approximately 0.5 mV / nm to approximately 7 mV / nm, approximately 0.5 mV / nm to approximately 6.5 mV / nm, approximately 0.5 mV / nm to approximately 6 mV / nm, approximately 0.5 mV / nm to approximately 5.5 mV / nm, approximately 0.5 mV / nm to approximately 5 mV / nm, approximately 0.5 mV / nm to approximately 4.5 mV / nm, approximately 0.5 mV / nm to approximately 4 mV / nm, approximately 0.5 mV / nm to approximately 3.5 mV / nm, approximately 0.5 mV / nm to approximately 3... mV / nm, about 0.5mV / nm to about 2.5mV / nm, about 0.5mV / nm to about 2mV / nm, about 0.5mV / nm to about 1.5mV / nm, about 0.5mV / nm to about 1mV / nm, about 1mV / nm to about 9.5mV / nm, about 1mV / nm to about 9 mV / nm, about 1mV / nm to about 8.5mV / nm, about 1mV / nm to about 8mV / nm, about 1mV / nm to about 7.5mV / nm, about 1mV / nm to about 7mV / nm, about 1mV / nm to about 6.5mV / nm, about 1mV / nm to about 6 The range is approximately 1 mV / nm to approximately 5.5 mV / nm, approximately 1 mV / nm to approximately 5 mV / nm, approximately 1 mV / nm to approximately 4.5 mV / nm, approximately 1 mV / nm to approximately 4 mV / nm, approximately 1 mV / nm to approximately 3.5 mV / nm, approximately 1 mV / nm to approximately 3 mV / nm, approximately 1 mV / nm to approximately 2.5 mV / nm, approximately 1 mV / nm to approximately 2 mV / nm, or approximately 1 mV / nm to approximately 1.5 mV / nm.

[0132] In this embodiment, at least one of the first emitter layer and the second emitter layer may include at least one type of boron-containing dopant. For example, each of the first emitter layer and the second emitter layer may include at least one type of boron-containing dopant. The first emitter layer may include a first dopant containing boron. The second emitter layer may include a second dopant containing boron. The first dopant and the second dopant may be the same as or different from each other.

[0133] In embodiments, boron-containing dopants may further include heteroatoms other than boron. For example, boron-containing dopants may further include O and / or N.

[0134] In an implementation, at least one of the first emitter layer and the second emitter layer may include at least one type of dopant represented by formula D1 or formula D2:

[0135] Formula D1

[0136] ,

[0137] Formula D2

[0138] ,

[0139] Among them, in equations D1 and D2,

[0140] X1 can be O, S, Se, N(R1), P(R1), C(R1)(R2) or Si(R1)(R2).

[0141] X2 can be O, S, Se, N(R3), P(R3), C(R3)(R4) or Si(R3)(R4).

[0142] X3 can be O, S, Se, N(R5), P(R5), C(R5)(R6) or Si(R5)(R6).

[0143] X4 can be O, S, Se, N(R7), P(R7), C(R7)(R8) or Si(R7)(R8).

[0144] CY1 can be C3-C 30 Carbocyclic or C1-C 30 Heterocyclic group,

[0145] a1 can be an integer selected from 0 to 20.

[0146] b2 can be 0, 1, or 2.

[0147] b3 can be 0, 1, 2, or 3.

[0148] b4 can be 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[0149] R1 to R8 and R 11 To R 15 Each can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 alkenyl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkyne group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic, unsubstituted, or with at least one R10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1) or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2),

[0150] R 10a Possible forms:

[0151] Deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano or nitro;

[0152] Each of the following C1-C that is not substituted or is substituted: 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group or C1-C 60 Alkoxy groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C3-C 60 carbonyl group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11 -S(=O)2(Q) 11 -P(=O)(Q) 11 (Q) 12 ) or any combination thereof;

[0153] Each of the following C3-Cs that are not substituted or are substituted: 60 carbonyl group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl or C2-C 60 Heteroalkyl groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 60 carbonyl group, C1-C 60Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 21 (Q) 22 (Q) 23 -N(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -B(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -C(=O)(Q) 21 -S(=O)2(Q) 21 -P(=O)(Q) 21 (Q) 22 ) or any combination thereof; or

[0154] -Si(Q 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 ),and

[0155] Q1 to Q3, Q 11 To Q 13 Q 21 To Q 23 and Q 31 To Q 33 Each can be independently:

[0156] Hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, or nitro; or

[0157] Each of the following C1-C that is not substituted or is substituted: 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups: deuterium, -F, cyano, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, or any combination thereof.

[0158] At least one of the first emitter layer and the second emitter layer may include one of compounds BD1 to BD22 as a dopant:

[0159]

[0160]

[0161] .

[0162] In an embodiment, at least one of the first and second emission layers may include a body comprising a fused group in which 3 to 5 phenyl groups are fused together. For example, each of the first and second emission layers may include a body comprising a fused group. The first emission layer may include a first body comprising a fused group in which 3 to 5 phenyl groups are fused together. The second emission layer may include a second body comprising a fused group in which 3 to 5 phenyl groups are fused together. The first and second bodies may be the same as or different from each other.

[0163] In an embodiment, the fused group may be selected from anthracene, phenanthrene, phenatenyl, tetraphenyl, benzanthracene, and pyrene.

[0164] In an embodiment, at least one of the first and second bodies may further include a carbazole group linked to a fusion group. The carbazole group may be composed of... (It can be unsubstituted or replaced by at least one R) 10a The group is represented by (represented by a substituted group). For example, at least one of the first and second bodies may be a compound in which the carbazoyl group is linked to a fused group via the nitrogen of the carbazoyl group. The term "linked" includes not only embodiments in which the nitrogen of the carbazoyl group is directly bonded to the fused group, but also embodiments in which the linking group is present between the carbazoyl group and the fused group and the nitrogen of the carbazoyl group is indirectly bonded to the fused group via the linking group. For example, in addition to the fused group, at least one of the first and second bodies may further include a linking group linked to the fused group. For example, the linking group may be unsubstituted or modified by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group. The linking group may be unsubstituted or linked by at least one R group. 10a Replacement C6-C 60 arylene or unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Hybrid aryl.

[0165] In implementation, the first body may not include unreplaced or replaced by at least one R. 10aThe substituted carbazolium group, and the second body may include an unsubstituted or substituted group with at least one R group. 10a Substituted carbazoyl group.

[0166] In an implementation, at least one of the first and second bodies may further include an unsubstituted or at least R-type component. 10a Substituted and attached to the fused group C3-C 20 Cycloalkyl groups. Each of the first and second bodies may include 1 to 10 C3-C atoms. 20 cycloalkyl, the C3-C 20 Each of the cycloalkyl groups is unsubstituted or is substituted by at least one R 10a Replace, and the C3-C 20 Cycloalkyl groups can be directly attached to fused groups or via unsubstituted groups or by at least one R group. 10a The substituted carbazole group is linked to the fused group. For example, at least one of the first and second bodies may include an unsubstituted or fused group with at least one R group. 10a Substituted cyclopropyl, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted cyclobutyl, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted cyclopentyl, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted cyclohexyl, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted cycloheptanyl, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted cyclooctyl or any combination thereof.

[0167] In implementation, the first body may not include unreplaced or replaced by at least one R. 10a Replacement C3-C 20 Cycloalkyl, and the second body may include unsubstituted or substituted compounds with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 20 Cycloalkyl.

[0168] C3-C 20 Cycloalkyl groups can be linked to carbazole groups. For example, C3-C 20 The cycloalkyl group can be directly bonded to the carbazole group. At least one of the first and second bodies may include a group represented by one of formulas C1 to C14:

[0169]

[0170] ,

[0171] Among them, in equations C1 to C14,

[0172] Each of Cy1 and Cy2 can be unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R. 10aReplace C3-C 20 cycloalkyl,

[0173] *Indicates the binding site with the fused group, and

[0174] At least one hydrogen can be described in this paper as R 10a Except for C3-C 20 Any substitution other than cycloalkyl.

[0175] Each of the first and second subjects may be one of compounds BH11 to BH14 and compounds BH21 to BH32:

[0176]

[0177]

[0178]

[0179] .

[0180] The first host included in the first emission layer may be selected from compounds BH11 to BH14, and the second host included in the second emission layer may be selected from compounds BH21 to BH32.

[0181] On the other hand, a display device is provided, comprising: a light-emitting device including a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode, comprising a first emitting layer and a second emitting layer stacked sequentially; and a thin-film transistor electrically connected to the first electrode. In the display device, the first emitting layer and the second emitting layer may satisfy condition 1:

[0182] Condition 1

[0183] GSP1 < 10mV / nm ≤ GSP2,

[0184] Among them, in condition 1,

[0185] GSP1 is the giant surface potential of the first emitter layer, and

[0186] GSP2 represents the giant surface potential of the second emitter layer.

[0187] That is, the light-emitting device included in the display device may be the same as the light-emitting device that includes a first emitting layer and a second emitting layer that satisfy condition 1.

[0188] In an embodiment, the display device may further include a color filter, a color conversion layer, a touch screen layer, a polarizing layer, or a combination thereof.

[0189] On the other hand, an electronic device is provided, including: a display device; and a processor for transmitting signals to the display device. That is, the display device included in the electronic device may include a light-emitting device comprising a first emitting layer and a second emitting layer that satisfy condition 1.

[0190] In implementation, the electronic device may be one of the following: flat panel display, curved display, computer monitor, medical monitor, television, billboard, indoor light, outdoor light, signal light, head-up display, fully transparent display, partially transparent display, flexible display, rollable display, foldable display, retractable display, smart glasses, head-mounted display, smartwatch, laser printer, telephone, portable telephone, mobile phone, tablet PC, tablet computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), wearable device, laptop computer, digital camera, camcorder, viewfinder, microdisplay, three-dimensional (3D) display, virtual reality display, augmented reality display, vehicle instrument panel, center information display (CID) in a vehicle, head-up display in a vehicle, in-vehicle mirror display, video wall with multiple displays spliced ​​together, theater screen, stadium screen, phototherapy device, and sign.

[0191] The following will describe in detail... Figure 6 The structure of the light-emitting device 11 is illustrated in the diagram. The light-emitting device 11 may include a first electrode 110, a hole transport region 120, an emission layer 130, an electron transport region 140, and a second electrode 150, wherein the emission layer 130 may include a first emission layer 131 and a second emission layer 132. The hole transport region 120, the emission layer 130, and the electron transport region 140 may collectively be referred to as a stack ST, and this stack ST may correspond to... Figure 7 The first stack ST1, the second stack ST2, or both the first stack ST1 and the second stack ST2 are explained in the text.

[0192] [First Electrode 110]

[0193] exist Figure 6 In this configuration, the substrate may be additionally disposed below the first electrode 110 or on the second electrode 150. For use as a substrate, a glass substrate or a plastic substrate may be used. The substrate may be a flexible substrate. For example, the substrate may comprise a plastic with excellent heat resistance and durability, such as polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyarylate (PAR), polyetherimide, or any combination thereof.

[0194] The first electrode 110 can be formed by depositing or sputtering a material for forming the first electrode 110 onto a substrate. In an example where the first electrode 110 is an anode, the material for forming the first electrode 110 can be a high work function material that facilitates hole injection.

[0195] The first electrode 110 may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transparent electrode, or a transmissive electrode. In an embodiment, when the first electrode 110 is a transmissive electrode, the material used to form the first electrode 110 may include indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), or any combination thereof. In one or more embodiments, when the first electrode 110 is a semi-transparent electrode or a reflective electrode, the material used to form the first electrode 110 may include magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), or any combination thereof.

[0196] The first electrode 110 may have a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer or a multi-layer structure including multiple layers. For example, the first electrode 110 may have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO.

[0197] [Hole transport area 120]

[0198] Hole transport region 120 may have i) a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer comprising a single material, ii) a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer comprising multiple materials that are different from each other, or iii) a multi-layer structure consisting of multiple layers comprising multiple materials that are different from each other.

[0199] Hole transport region 120 may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission assist layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof.

[0200] For example, the hole transport region 120 may have a multilayer structure including a hole injection layer / hole transport layer structure, a hole injection layer / hole transport layer / emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole injection layer / emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole transport layer / emission auxiliary layer structure, or a hole injection layer / hole transport layer / electron blocking layer structure, wherein the constituent layers of each structure are stacked sequentially starting from the first electrode 110.

[0201] Hole transport region 120 may include a compound represented by formula 201, a compound represented by formula 202, or any combination thereof:

[0202] Formula 201

[0203] ,

[0204] Formula 202

[0205] ,

[0206] In Equations 201 and 202,

[0207] L 201 To L204 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0208] L 205 It can be *-O-*', *-S-*', or *-N(Q) 201 )-*', unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 20 Alkylene, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 20 alkenyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0209] xa1 to xa4 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 5 independently.

[0210] xa5 can be an integer selected from 1 to 10.

[0211] R 201 To R 204 and Q 201 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0212] R 201 and R 202 Optionally via a single bond, unsubstituted, or by at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C5 alkylene groups or unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a The substituted C2-C5 alkenyl groups are linked together to form an unsubstituted or substituted compound with at least one R group. 10a Replacement C8-C 60 Polycyclic groups (e.g., carbazole group, etc.) (e.g., compound HT16, etc.),

[0213] R 203 and R 204 Optionally via a single bond, unsubstituted, or by at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C5 alkylene groups or unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10aThe substituted C2-C5 alkenyl groups are linked together to form an unsubstituted or substituted compound with at least one R group. 10a Replacement C8-C 60 Polycyclic groups, and

[0214] na1 can be an integer selected from 1 to 4.

[0215] For example, each of Formulas 201 and 202 may include at least one of the groups represented by Formulas CY201 to CY217:

[0216] .

[0217] In formulas CY201 to CY217, R 10b and R 10c Each can be combined with R 10a The described cyclic CY 201 To cyclic CY 204 Each can be independently C3-C 20 Carbocyclic or C1-C 20 Heterocyclic group, and at least one hydrogen in formulas CY201 to CY217 may be unsubstituted or R-substituted. 10a replace.

[0218] In the implementation, the cyclic group CY in formulas CY201 to CY217 201 To cyclic CY 204 Each can be independently phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl or anthracene.

[0219] In one or more embodiments, each of Formula 201 and Formula 202 may include at least one of the groups represented by Formulas CY201 to CY203.

[0220] In one or more embodiments, Formula 201 may include at least one of the groups represented by Formulas CY201 to CY203 and at least one of the groups represented by Formulas CY204 to CY217.

[0221] In one or more embodiments, in formula 201, xa1 can be 1, R 201 It can be a group represented by one of the formulas CY201 to CY203, xa2 can be 0, and R 202 It can be a group represented by one of the formulas CY204 to CY207.

[0222] In one or more embodiments, each of Formula 201 and Formula 202 may not include groups represented by Formulas CY201 to CY203.

[0223] In one or more embodiments, each of Formulas 201 and 202 may not include groups represented by Formulas CY201 to CY203, and may include at least one of groups represented by Formulas CY204 to CY217.

[0224] In one or more embodiments, each of Formulas 201 and 202 may not include groups represented by Formulas CY201 to CY217.

[0225] For example, hole transport region 120 may include one of compounds HT1 to HT46, m-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB (NPD), β-NPB, TPD, spiroTPD, spiroNPB, methylated NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4',4”-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI / DBSA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT / PSS), polyaniline / camphorsulfonic acid (PANI / CSA), polyaniline / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI / PSS), or any combination thereof:

[0226]

[0227]

[0228]

[0229]

[0230]

[0231]

[0232]

[0233]

[0234]

[0235]

[0236]

[0237] .

[0238] The thickness of the hole transport region 120 can range from about 50 Å to about 10,000 Å, for example from about 100 Å to about 4,000 Å. In an example where the hole transport region 120 includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof, the thickness of the hole injection layer can range from about 100 Å to about 9,000 Å, for example from about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, and the thickness of each of the hole transport layer and the electron blocking layer can range from about 50 Å to about 2,000 Å, for example from about 100 Å to about 1,500 Å. In examples where the thicknesses of the hole transport region 120, the hole injection layer, the hole transport layer, and the electron blocking layer are within these ranges, satisfactory hole transport characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0239] The emission assist layer is a layer that increases luminous efficiency by compensating for the optical resonant distance according to the wavelength of light emitted from the emission layer 130. The electron blocking layer is a layer that prevents electrons from leaking from the emission layer 130 to the hole transport region 120. Materials that may be included in the hole transport region 120 may be included in both the emission assist layer and the electron blocking layer.

[0240] [p-dopant]

[0241] In addition to the aforementioned materials, the hole transport region 120 may further include a charge-generating material for improving conductivity. The charge-generating material may be (e.g., as a single layer composed of the charge-generating material) substantially uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in the hole transport region 120.

[0242] The charge-generating material can be, for example, a p-doped agent.

[0243] For example, p-doped agents can have a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of about -3.5 eV or less.

[0244] In embodiments, p-dopersive agents may include quinone derivatives, cyano-containing compounds, compounds comprising elements EL1 and EL2, or any combination thereof.

[0245] Examples of quinone derivatives may include TCNQ and F4-TCNQ.

[0246] Examples of cyano-containing compounds may include HAT-CN and compounds represented by formula 221:

[0247] ,

[0248] Equation 221

[0249] ,

[0250] In Equation 221,

[0251] R 221 To R 223 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, and

[0252] R 221 To R 223 At least one of them can be independently replaced by C3-C respectively. 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups: cyano; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; C1-C substituted with cyano, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I or any combination thereof 20 Alkyl groups; or any combination thereof.

[0253] In a compound that includes elements EL1 and EL2, element EL1 may be a metal, a metalloid, or a combination thereof, and element EL2 may be a nonmetal, a metalloid, or a combination thereof.

[0254] Examples of metals may include: alkali metals (e.g., lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), or cesium (Cs); alkaline earth metals (e.g., beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), or barium (Ba); transition metals (e.g., titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), technetium (Tc), rhenium (Re), iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os), cobalt (… Metals such as Co, rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), or gold (Au); late transition metals such as zinc (Zn), indium (In), or tin (Sn); and lanthanides such as lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), or lutetium (Lu).

[0255] Examples of metalloids may include silicon (Si), antimony (Sb), and tellurium (Te).

[0256] Examples of nonmetals may include oxygen (O) and halogens (e.g., F, Cl, Br, or I).

[0257] For example, compounds including elements EL1 and EL2 may include metal oxides, metal halides (e.g., metal fluorides, metal chlorides, metal bromides, or metal iodides), quasi-metal halides (e.g., quasi-metal fluorides, quasi-metal chlorides, quasi-metal bromides, or quasi-metal iodides), metal tellurides, or any combination thereof.

[0258] Examples of metal oxides may include tungsten oxides (e.g., WO, W2O3, WO2, WO3 or W2O5, etc.), vanadium oxides (e.g., VO, V2O3, VO2 or V2O5, etc.), molybdenum oxides (e.g., MoO, Mo2O3, MoO2, MoO3 or Mo2O5, etc.) and rhenium oxides (e.g., ReO3, etc.).

[0259] Examples of metal halides may include alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, transition metal halides, post-transition metal halides, and lanthanide metal halides.

[0260] Examples of alkali metal halides may include LiF, NaF, KF, RbF, CsF, LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, LiBr, NaBr, KBr, RbBr, CsBr, LiI, NaI, KI, RbI, and CsI, etc.

[0261] Examples of alkaline earth metal halides may include BeF2, MgF2, CaF2, SrF2, BaF2, BeCl2, MgCl2, CaCl2, SrCl2, BaCl2, BeBr2, MgBr2, CaBr2, SrBr2, BaBr2, BeI2, MgI2, CaI2, SrI2, and BaI2, etc.

[0262] Examples of transition metal halides may include titanium halides (e.g., TiF4, TiCl4, TiBr4, or TiI4), zirconium halides (e.g., ZrF4, ZrCl4, ZrBr4, or ZrI4), hafnium halides (e.g., HfF4, HfCl4, HfBr4, or HfI4), vanadium halides (e.g., VF3, VCl3, VBr3, or VI3), niobium halides (e.g., NbF3, NbCl3, NbBr3, or NbI3), and tantalum halides (e.g., TaF3, TaCl3, TaB). r3 or TaI3, etc.), chromium halides (e.g., CrF3, CrCl3, CrBr3 or CrI3, etc.), molybdenum halides (e.g., MoF3, MoCl3, MoBr3 or MoI3, etc.), tungsten halides (e.g., WF3, WCl3, WBr3 or WI3, etc.), manganese halides (e.g., MnF2, MnCl2, MnBr2 or MnI2, etc.), technetium halides (e.g., TcF2, TcCl2, TcBr2 or TcI2, etc.), rhenium halides (e.g., ReF2, ReCl2, ReBr2 or... Ferrous halides (e.g., FeF2, FeCl2, FeBr2, or FeI2), ruthenium halides (e.g., RuF2, RuCl2, RuBr2, or RuI2), osmium halides (e.g., OsF2, OsCl2, OsBr2, or OsI2), cobalt halides (e.g., CoF2, CoCl2, CoBr2, or CoI2), rhodium halides (e.g., RhF2, RhCl2, RhBr2, or RhI2), and iridium halides (e.g., IrF2, IrCl2, IrBr2). Nickel halides (e.g., NiF2, NiCl2, NiBr2, or NiI2), palladium halides (e.g., PdF2, PdCl2, PdBr2, or PdI2), platinum halides (e.g., PtF2, PtCl2, PtBr2, or PtI2), cuprous halides (e.g., CuF, CuCl, CuBr, or CuI), silver halides (e.g., AgF, AgCl, AgBr, or AgI), and gold halides (e.g., AuF, AuCl, AuBr, or AuI).

[0263] Examples of post-transition metal halides may include zinc halides (e.g., ZnF2, ZnCl2, ZnBr2 or ZnI2, etc.), indium halides (e.g., InI3, etc.), and tin halides (e.g., SnI2, etc.).

[0264] Examples of lanthanide metal halides may include YbF, YbF2, YbF3, SmF3, YbCl, YbCl2, YbCl3, SmCl3, YbBr, YbBr2, YbBr3, SmBr3, YbI, YbI2, YbI3, and SmI3, etc.

[0265] Examples of quasi-metal halides may include antimony halides (e.g., SbCl5, etc.).

[0266] Examples of metal tellurides may include alkali metal tellurides (e.g., Li₂Te, Na₂Te, K₂Te, Rb₂Te, or Cs₂Te), alkaline earth metal tellurides (e.g., BeTe, MgTe, CaTe, SrTe, or BaTe), and transition metal tellurides (e.g., TiTe₂, ZrTe₂, HfTe₂, V₂Te₃, Nb₂Te₃, Ta₂Te₃, Cr₂Te₃, Mo₂Te₃, W₂Te₃, MnTe, TcTe, ReTe, Fe). Te, RuTe, OsTe, CoTe, RhTe, IrTe, NiTe, PdTe, PtTe, Cu2Te, CuTe, Ag2Te, AgTe or Au2Te, etc.), post-transition metal tellurides (e.g., ZnTe, etc.) and lanthanide metal tellurides (e.g., LaTe, CeTe, PrTe, NdTe, PmTe, EuTe, GdTe, TbTe, DyTe, HoTe, ErTe, TmTe, YbTe or LuTe, etc.).

[0267] [Launching Layer 130]

[0268] When the light-emitting device 11 is a full-color light-emitting device, the emitting layer 130 can be patterned as a red emitting layer, a green emitting layer, and / or a blue emitting layer according to the sub-pixels. In one embodiment, the emitting layer 130 may have a stacked structure in which two or more of the red, green, and blue emitting layers are in contact with or separated from each other to emit white light. In one or more embodiments, the emitting layer may have a structure in which two or more of the red, green, and blue emitting materials are mixed with each other in a single layer to emit white light.

[0269] The emitting layer 130 may include a host and a dopant. The dopant may include a phosphorescent dopant, a fluorescent dopant, or any combination thereof.

[0270] Based on 100 parts by weight of the host, the amount of dopant in the emitter layer 130 can range from about 0.01 parts by weight to about 15 parts by weight.

[0271] The emitter layer 130 may include quantum dots.

[0272] The emission layer 130 may include a delayed fluorescence material. The delayed fluorescence material may be used as a host or dopant in the emission layer.

[0273] The thickness of the emitting layer 130 can be in the range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 200 Å to about 600 Å. In examples where the thickness of the emitting layer 130 is in these ranges, excellent light emission characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0274] [main body]

[0275] In an implementation, the main component may include a compound represented by formula 301:

[0276] Formula 301

[0277] [Ar 301 ] xb11 -[(L 301 ) xb1 -R 301 ] xb21 ,

[0278] In Equation 301,

[0279] Ar 301 and L 301 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0280] xb11 can be 1, 2, or 3.

[0281] xb1 can be an integer selected from 0 to 5.

[0282] R 301 It can be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted, or with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 alkenyl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkyne group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q) 301 (Q) 302 (Q) 303-N(Q) 301 (Q) 302 -B(Q) 301 (Q) 302 -C(=O)(Q) 301 -S(=O)2(Q) 301 ) or -P(=O)(Q 301 (Q) 302 ),

[0283] xb21 can be an integer selected from 1 to 5, and

[0284] Q 301 To Q 303 Each can be described in conjunction with Q1.

[0285] In the example where xe11 in Equation 301 is 2 or greater, two or more Ar 601 They can be connected to each other via a single key.

[0286] In embodiments, the body may further include a compound represented by formula 301-1, a compound represented by formula 301-2, or any combination thereof:

[0287] Formula 301-1

[0288] ,

[0289] Formula 301-2

[0290] ,

[0291] Among them, in equations 301-1 and 301-2,

[0292] Cyclic A 301 To ring group A 304 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0293] X 301 It can be O, S, N[(L 304 ) xb4 -R 304 ]、C(R 304 (R) 305 ) or Si(R 304 (R) 305 ),

[0294] xb22 and xb23 can each be 0, 1, or 2 independently.

[0295] L 301 xb1 and R 301 Each can be as described elsewhere in this article,

[0296] L 302 To L 304 They can be combined independently, such as L. 301 Described,

[0297] xb2 to xb4 can each be described independently as in conjunction with xb1, and

[0298] R 302 To R 305 and R 311 To R 314 Each can be combined with R 301 Described.

[0299] In one or more embodiments, the body may include an alkaline earth metal complex, a post-transition metal complex, or any combination thereof. In one or more embodiments, the body may include a Be complex (e.g., compound H55), a Mg complex, a Zn complex, or any combination thereof.

[0300] In one or more embodiments, the main body may include: one of compounds H1 to H128; 9,10-bis(2-naphthyl)anthracene (ADN); 2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthyl-2-yl)anthracene (MADN); 9,10-bis(2-naphthyl)-2-tert-butyl-anthracene (TBADN); 4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (CBP); 1,3-bis(carbazolyl-9-yl)benzene (mCP); 1,3,5-tris(carbazolyl-9-yl)benzene (TCP); or any combination thereof:

[0301]

[0302]

[0303]

[0304]

[0305]

[0306]

[0307]

[0308]

[0309]

[0310]

[0311]

[0312]

[0313]

[0314]

[0315] .

[0316] [Phosphorescent dopant]

[0317] Phosphorescent dopants may include at least one transition metal as the center metal.

[0318] Phosphorescent dopants may include monodentate ligands, dipentate ligands, tridentate ligands, tetradentate ligands, pentadentate ligands, hexadentate ligands, or any combination thereof.

[0319] Phosphorescent dopants can be electrically neutral.

[0320] In an embodiment, the phosphorescent dopant may include an organometallic compound represented by formula 401:

[0321] Formula 401

[0322] M(L 401 ) xc1 (L 402 ) xc2 ,

[0323] Formula 402

[0324] ,

[0325] In Equations 401 and 402,

[0326] M can be a transition metal (e.g., iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), gold (Au), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), rhodium (Rh), rhenium (Re), or thulium (Tm)).

[0327] L 401 The ligand can be represented by Equation 402, and xc1 can be 1, 2, or 3, wherein when xc1 is 2 or greater, two or more L... 401 They can be the same or different from each other.

[0328] L 402 It can be an organic ligand, and xc2 can be 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, wherein when xc2 is 2 or greater, two or more L...402 They can be the same or different from each other.

[0329] X 401 and X 402 They can be nitrogen or carbon independently.

[0330] Cyclic A 401 and cycloal group A 402 Each can be independently C3-C 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0331] T 401 Can be a single bond, *-O-*', *-S-*', *-C(=O)-*', *-N(Q) 411 )-*'、*-C(Q 411 (Q) 412 )-*'、*-C(Q 411 )=C(Q 412 )-*'、*-C(Q 411 )=*' or *=C=*',

[0332] X 403 and X 404 Each can be an independent chemical bond (e.g., covalent or coordinate), O, S, N (Q) 413 ), B(Q) 413 ), P(Q 413 ), C(Q 413 (Q) 414 ) or Si(Q 413 (Q) 414 ),

[0333] Q 411 To Q 414 Each can be described in conjunction with Q1.

[0334] R 401 and R 402 Each can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 20 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 20 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q) 401 (Q) 402 (Q) 403-N(Q) 401 (Q) 402 -B(Q) 401 (Q) 402 -C(=O)(Q) 401 -S(=O)2(Q) 401 ) or -P(=O)(Q 401 (Q) 402 ),

[0335] Q 401 To Q 403 Each can be described in conjunction with Q1.

[0336] xc11 and xc12 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 10 independently, and

[0337] In Equation 402, * and *' each indicate the binding site with M in Equation 401.

[0338] For example, in equation 402, i)X 401 It can be nitrogen, and X 402 It can be carbon, or ii)X 401 and X 402 Each of them can be nitrogen.

[0339] In the implementation, when xc1 in equation 401 is 2 or greater, two or more L 401 The two ring groups A 401 Optionally via T as a linking group 402 Connected to each other, and two or more L 401 The two ring groups A 402 Optionally via T as a linking group 403 They are interconnected (see compounds PD1 through PD4 and PD7). T 402 and T 403 Each can be combined with T 401 Described.

[0340] In Equation 401, L 402 It can be an organic ligand. For example, L... 402 It may include halogen groups, diketone groups (e.g., acetylacetone groups), carboxylic acid groups (e.g., pyridine carboxyl groups), -C (=O), isonitrile groups, -CN groups, phosphorus-containing groups (e.g., phosphine or phosphite groups, etc.) or any combination thereof.

[0341] Phosphorescent dopants may include, for example, one of compounds PD1 to PD39 or any combination thereof:

[0342]

[0343]

[0344]

[0345]

[0346]

[0347] .

[0348] [Fluorescent dopant]

[0349] Fluorescent dopants may include amine-containing compounds, styrene-containing compounds, or any combination thereof.

[0350] For example, fluorescent dopants may include compounds represented by formula 501:

[0351] Formula 501

[0352] ,

[0353] In Equation 501,

[0354] Ar 501 L 501 To L 503 R 501 and R 502 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0355] xd1 to xd3 can each be independently 0, 1, 2, or 3, and

[0356] xd4 can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.

[0357] For example, Ar in Equation 501 501 It can be a fused ring group in which three or more monocyclic groups are fused together (e.g., anthracene, 1,2-benzophenanthrene, or pyrene).

[0358] For example, xd4 in equation 501 can be 2.

[0359] For example, fluorescent dopants may include: one of compounds FD1 to FD37; DPVBi; DPAVBi; or any combination thereof:

[0360]

[0361]

[0362]

[0363]

[0364]

[0365]

[0366]

[0367] .

[0368] [Delayed fluorescence materials]

[0369] The emitting layer 130 may include a delayed fluorescence material.

[0370] The delayed fluorescence materials described herein can be selected from compounds that can emit delayed fluorescence based on a delayed fluorescence emission mechanism.

[0371] Depending on the type of other materials included in the emission layer 130, the delayed fluorescence material included in the emission layer 130 can be used as a host or a dopant.

[0372] In embodiments, the difference between the triplet energy level (eV) and the singlet energy level (eV) of the delayed fluorescent material can be in the range of about 0 eV to about 0.5 eV. In examples where the difference between the triplet energy level (eV) and the singlet energy level (eV) of the delayed fluorescent material satisfies the described range, an upconversion from the triplet state to the singlet state of the delayed fluorescent material can occur effectively, and therefore, the light-emitting device 11 can have improved luminous efficiency.

[0373] For example, delayed fluorescence materials may include: i) including at least one electron donor (e.g., π-electron-rich C3-C 60 Cyclic groups, such as carbazole groups, and at least one electron acceptor (e.g., sulfoxide, cyano, or a nitrogen-containing C1-C group lacking π electrons). 60 Materials containing cyclic groups, etc., and ii) C8-C fused together with two or more cyclic groups sharing B. 60 Materials with polycyclic groups.

[0374] Examples of delayed fluorescent materials may include at least one of compounds DF1 to DF14:

[0375]

[0376]

[0377]

[0378] .

[0379] [Quantum dot]

[0380] The emitter layer 130 may include quantum dots.

[0381] In the specification, quantum dots refer to crystals of semiconductor compounds. Quantum dots can emit light of various wavelengths depending on the size of the crystal. By adjusting the proportions of the elements that make up the quantum dot, it is possible to emit light of various wavelengths.

[0382] The diameter of quantum dots can be, for example, in the range of about 1 nm to about 10 nm.

[0383] Quantum dots can be synthesized through wet chemical processes, metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) processes, molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) processes, or any similar processes.

[0384] Wet chemical processes include mixing precursor materials with organic solvents and then growing quantum dot crystals. In examples of quantum dot crystal growth, the organic solvent naturally acts as a dispersant coordinated on the surface of the quantum dot crystals and controls the growth of the quantum dot crystals, allowing the growth of the quantum dot crystals to be controlled by a process that is less costly and easier than vapor deposition methods (e.g., metal-organic chemical vapor deposition or molecular beam epitaxy).

[0385] Quantum dots may include: group II-VI semiconductor compounds; group III-V semiconductor compounds; group III-VI semiconductor compounds; group I-III-VI semiconductor compounds; group IV-VI semiconductor compounds; group IV elements or compounds; or any combination thereof.

[0386] Examples of group II-VI semiconductor compounds may include: binary compounds, such as CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, and MgS; ternary compounds, such as CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, etc. CdZnSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe and MgZnS, etc.; quaternary compounds, such as CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe and HgZnSTe, etc.; or any combination thereof.

[0387] Examples of Group III-V semiconductor compounds may include: binary compounds, such as GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, or InSb; ternary compounds, such as GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InNP, InAlP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, or InPSb; quaternary compounds, such as GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, or InAlPSb; or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the Group III-V semiconductor compound may further include a Group II element. Examples of group III-V semiconductor compounds that further include group II elements may include InZnP, InGaZnP, and InAlZnP, etc.

[0388] Examples of group III-VI semiconductor compounds are: binary compounds, such as GaS, Ga2Se3, GaTe, InS, InSe, In2S3, In2Se3 or InTe; ternary compounds, such as InGaS3 or InGaSe3; or any combination thereof.

[0389] Examples of Group I-III-VI semiconductor compounds may include: ternary compounds such as, for example, AgInS, AgInS2, AgInSe2, AgGaS, AgGaS2, AgGaSe2, CuInS, CuInS2, CuInSe2, CuGaS2, CuGaSe2, CuGaO2, AgGaO2 or AgAlO2, etc.; quaternary compounds such as, for example, CuInGaS, CuInGaS2, AgInGaS, AgInGaS2, AgInGaSe or AgInGaSe2, etc.; or any combination thereof.

[0390] Examples of Group IV-VI semiconductor compounds may include: binary compounds such as, for example, SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe or PbTe, etc.; ternary compounds such as, for example, SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe or SnPbTe, etc.; quaternary compounds such as, for example, SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe or SnPbSTe, etc.; or any combination thereof.

[0391] Examples of Group IV elements or compounds may include: single-element materials such as, for example, Si or Ge, etc.; binary compounds such as, for example, SiC or SiGe, etc.; or any combination thereof.

[0392] Each element included in a multi-element compound (such as, for example, binary compounds, ternary compounds and quaternary compounds) may be present in the particles at a uniform concentration or a non-uniform concentration. That is, the above formula refers to the type of elements included in the compound, and the elemental ratio within the compound may vary. For example, AgInGaS2 may refer to AgIn x Ga 1-x S2 (where x is a real number satisfying 0 < x < 1).

[0393] In one or more embodiments, the quantum dots may have a single structure in which the concentration of each element in the quantum dots is uniform, or a core-shell dual structure. For example, the material included in the core and the material included in the shell may be different from each other.

[0394] The shell of the quantum dots can be used as a protective layer to prevent chemical denaturation of the core to maintain semiconductor properties, and / or as a charging layer to impart electrophoretic properties to the quantum dots. The shell can be a single layer or multiple layers. The interface between the core and the shell may have a concentration gradient, where the concentration of the elements present in the shell decreases towards the center of the core.

[0395] Examples of shells for quantum dots may include: oxides of metals or nonmetals; semiconductor compounds; or any combination thereof. Examples of oxides of metals or nonmetals may include: binary compounds, such as SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, CuO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CoO, Co3O4, or NiO; ternary compounds, such as MgAl2O4, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, or CoMn2O4; or any combination thereof. Examples of semiconductor compounds are: Group II-VI semiconductor compounds as described herein; Group III-V semiconductor compounds; Group III-VI semiconductor compounds; Group I-III-VI semiconductor compounds; Group IV-VI semiconductor compounds; or any combination thereof. For example, semiconductor compounds may include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnSTe, GaAs, GaP, GaS, GaSe, AgGaS, AgGaS2, GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSb, AlAs, AlP, AlSb, or any combination thereof.

[0396] The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the emission wavelength spectrum of quantum dots can be about 45 nm or less, for example, about 40 nm or less, and for example, about 30 nm or less, and the FWHM of the emission wavelength spectrum of quantum dots in these ranges can improve the color purity and / or color reproducibility of quantum dots. In some aspects, a wide viewing angle can be improved because the light emitted through quantum dots is emitted in all directions.

[0397] In some applications, quantum dots can take the form of nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers, and nanoplates, specifically in the form of spherical nanoparticles, conical nanoparticles, multi-armed nanoparticles, or cubic nanoparticles.

[0398] Because the band gap can be controlled by adjusting the size of the quantum dots or the element ratio in the quantum dot compound, light of various wavelengths can be obtained from an emitting layer containing quantum dots. Therefore, by using the aforementioned quantum dots (using quantum dots of different sizes or changing the element ratio in the quantum dot compound), a light-emitting device emitting light of various wavelengths can be implemented. Specifically, the size of the quantum dots or the element ratio in the quantum dot compound can be selectively controlled to emit red, green, and / or blue light. In some aspects, the size of the quantum dots can be configured to emit white light through a combination of various colors of light.

[0399] [Electronic Transmission Area 140]

[0400] The electron transport region 140 may have i) a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer comprising a single material, ii) a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer comprising multiple materials that are different from each other, or iii) a multi-layer structure consisting of multiple layers comprising multiple materials that are different from each other.

[0401] The electron transport region 140 may include a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

[0402] For example, the electron transport region 140 may have an electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, a hole blocking layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, an electron control layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, or a buffer layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, wherein the layers in each structure may be stacked sequentially starting from the emitter layer 130.

[0403] In an embodiment, the electron transport region 140 (e.g., a buffer layer, hole blocking layer, electron control layer, or electron transport layer in the electron transport region) may include a nitrogen-containing C1-C containing at least one π-deficient electron. 60 Metal-free compounds with cyclic groups.

[0404] For example, electron transport region 140 may include a compound represented by formula 601:

[0405] Formula 601

[0406] [Ar 601 ] xe11 -[(L 601 ) xe1 -R 601 ] xe21 ,

[0407] In Equation 601,

[0408] Ar 601 and L 601 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0409] xe11 can be 1, 2, or 3.

[0410] xe1 can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.

[0411] R 601 It can be unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic, unsubstituted, or with at least one R10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q) 601 (Q) 602 (Q) 603 -C(=O)(Q) 601 -S(=O)2(Q) 601 ) or -P(=O)(Q 601 (Q) 602 ),

[0412] Q 601 To Q 603 Each can be described in conjunction with Q1.

[0413] xe21 can be 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, and

[0414] Ar 601 L 601 and R 601 At least one of them can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R. 10a Substituted π-electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C 60 Cyclic groups.

[0415] In the example where xe11 in Equation 601 is 2 or greater, two or more Ar 601 They can be connected to each other via a single key.

[0416] In the implementation method, Ar in formula 601 601 It can be unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Substituted anthracene group.

[0417] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region 140 may include a compound represented by formula 601-1:

[0418] Formula 601-1

[0419] ,

[0420] In Equation 601-1,

[0421] X 614 It can be N or C(R) 614 ), X 615 It can be N or C(R) 615 ), and X 616 It can be N or C(R) 616 ), where X 614 To X 616 At least one of them can be N,

[0422] L 611 To L 613 Each can be combined with L601 Described,

[0423] xe611 to xe613 can each be described as in conjunction with xe1.

[0424] R 611 To R 613 Each can be combined with R 601 Described, and

[0425] R 614 To R 616 Each can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group.

[0426] In the implementation, xe1 and xe611 to xe613 in Formula 601 and Formula 601-1 can each be 0, 1 or 2 independently.

[0427] The electron transport region 140 may include: one of compounds ET1 to ET45; 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP); 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen); Alq3; BAlq; TAZ; NTAZ; or any combination thereof.

[0428]

[0429]

[0430]

[0431]

[0432]

[0433]

[0434] .

[0435] The thickness of the electron transport region 140 can range from about 100 Å to about 5,000 Å, for example, from about 160 Å to about 4,000 Å. In examples where the electron transport region 140 includes a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, or any combination thereof, the thickness of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, or the electron control layer can each independently range from about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, from about 30 Å to about 300 Å, and the thickness of the electron transport layer can range from about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, from about 150 Å to about 500 Å. In examples where the thickness of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, the electron control layer, the electron transport layer, and / or the electron transport region 140 is within these ranges, satisfactory electron transport characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0436] In addition to the aforementioned materials, the electron transport region 140 (e.g., the electron transport layer in the electron transport region 140) may further include a metallic material.

[0437] Metal-containing materials may include alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, or any combination thereof. The metal ion in an alkali metal complex may be Li, Na, K, Rb, or Cs ions, and the metal ion in an alkaline earth metal complex may be Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba ions. Ligands coordinated to the metal ions of the alkali metal complex or alkaline earth metal complex may include hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyloxazole, hydroxyphenylthiazole, hydroxyphenyloxadiazole, hydroxyphenylthiadiazole, hydroxyphenylpyridine, hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole, hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthrene, cyclopentadiene, or any combination thereof.

[0438] For example, metallic materials may include Li complexes. Li complexes may include, for example, compounds ET-D1 (Liq) or ET-D2:

[0439] .

[0440] The electron transport region 140 may include an electron injection layer that facilitates the injection of electrons from the second electrode 150. The electron injection layer may be in direct contact with the second electrode 150.

[0441] The electron injection layer may have: i) a monolayer structure consisting of a single layer comprising a single material, ii) a monolayer structure consisting of a single layer comprising multiple materials that are different from each other, or iii) a multilayer structure consisting of multiple layers comprising multiple materials that are different from each other.

[0442] The electron injection layer may include an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof.

[0443] The alkali metal may include Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or any combination thereof. The alkaline earth metal may include Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, or any combination thereof. The rare earth metal may include Sc, Y, Ce, Tb, Yb, Gd, or any combination thereof.

[0444] The alkali metal compound, the alkaline earth metal compound, and the rare earth metal compound may be oxides, halides (e.g., fluorides, chlorides, bromides, or iodides), or tellurides of the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, and the rare earth metal, or any combination thereof.

[0445] The alkali metal compound may include: alkali metal oxides, such as, for example, Li2O, Cs2O, or K2O, etc.; alkali metal halides, such as, for example, LiF, NaF, CsF, KF, LiI, NaI, CsI, or KI, etc.; or any combination thereof. The alkaline earth metal compound may include alkaline earth metal oxides, such as, for example, BaO, SrO, CaO, Ba x Sr 1-x O (where x is a real number satisfying 0 < x < 1) and Ba x Ca 1-x O (where x is a real number satisfying 0 < x < 1), etc. The rare earth metal compound may include YbF3, ScF3, Sc2O3, Y2O3, Ce2O3, GdF3, TbF3, YbI3, ScI3, TbI3, or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, the rare earth metal compound may include lanthanide metal tellurides. Examples of lanthanide metal tellurides may include LaTe, CeTe, PrTe, NdTe, PmTe, SmTe, EuTe, GdTe, TbTe, DyTe, HoTe, ErTe, TmTe, YbTe, LuTe, La2Te3, Ce2Te3, Pr2Te3, Nd2Te3, Pm2Te3, Sm2Te3, Eu2Te3, Gd2Te3, Tb2Te3, Dy2Te3, Ho2Te3, Er2Te3, Tm2Te3, Yb2Te3, and Lu2Te3, etc.

[0446] Alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, and rare earth metal complexes may include i) one of the metal ions of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, and a rare earth metal, and ii) a ligand bonded to the metal ion, such as hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyloxazole, hydroxyphenylthiazole, hydroxyphenyloxadiazole, hydroxyphenylthiadiazole, hydroxyphenylpyridine, hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole, hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthrene, cyclopentadiene, or any combination thereof.

[0447] In embodiments, the electron-injected layer may consist of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth metals, alkali metal-containing compounds, alkaline earth metal-containing compounds, rare earth metal-containing compounds, alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, rare earth metal complexes, or any combination thereof as described herein. In one or more embodiments, the electron-injected layer may further comprise an organic material (e.g., a compound represented by Formula 601).

[0448] In one or more embodiments, the electron-injected layer may be composed of i) an alkali metal compound (e.g., an alkali metal halide), or ii) a) an alkali metal compound (e.g., an alkali metal halide) and b) an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth metal, or any combination thereof. In embodiments, the electron-injected layer may be a KI:Yb co-deposited layer, an RbI:Yb co-deposited layer, or a LiF:Yb co-deposited layer, etc.

[0449] When the electron injection layer further includes organic materials, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth metals, alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds, rare earth metal compounds, alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, rare earth metal complexes, or any combination thereof may be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in the matrix including the organic materials.

[0450] The thickness of the electron injection layer can range from about 1 Å to about 100 Å, and for example from about 3 Å to about 90 Å. In examples where the thickness of the electron injection layer is within these ranges, satisfactory electron injection characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0451] [Second electrode 150]

[0452] The second electrode 150 may be disposed on the electron transport region 140. The second electrode 150 may be a cathode serving as an electron injection electrode, and may be made of metals, alloys, conductive compounds, or any combination thereof, each having a low work function, as materials for forming the second electrode 150.

[0453] The second electrode 150 may include Li, Na, Ag, Mg, Al, Ag-Li, Ag-Na, Al-Li, Ca, Mg-In, Mg-Ag, Yb, Ag-Yb, ITO, IZO, or any combination thereof. The second electrode 150 may be a transmission electrode, a semi-transmission electrode, or a reflection electrode.

[0454] The second electrode 150 may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure including multiple layers.

[0455] [Capping layer]

[0456] The light-emitting device 11 may further include a capping layer disposed outside the first electrode 110 and / or outside the second electrode 150.

[0457] In an embodiment, the light-emitting device 11 may further include a first capping layer disposed outside the first electrode 110.

[0458] In one or more embodiments, the light-emitting device 11 may further include a second capping layer disposed outside the second electrode 150.

[0459] In one or more embodiments, the light-emitting device 11 may further include both a first capping layer disposed outside the first electrode 110 and a second capping layer disposed outside the second electrode 150.

[0460] The light generated in the emitting layer 130 of the light-emitting device 11 can be extracted outward through the first electrode 110, which serves as a transmissive or reflective electrode, and the first capping layer. The light generated in the emitting layer 130 of the light-emitting device 11 can be extracted outward through the second electrode 150, which serves as a transmissive or reflective electrode, and the second capping layer.

[0461] Based on the principle of constructive interference, the first and second capping layers can be used to increase the external emission efficiency. Accordingly, the light extraction efficiency of the light-emitting device 11 can be increased, and the luminous efficiency of the light-emitting device 11 can be improved.

[0462] Each of the first capping layer and the second capping layer may include a material having a refractive index of about 1.2 or greater (at 420 nm).

[0463] The first capping layer and the second capping layer can each be independently an organic capping layer including organic materials, an inorganic capping layer including inorganic materials, or an organic-inorganic composite capping layer including both organic and inorganic materials.

[0464] At least one of the first and second capping layers may independently comprise a carbocyclic compound, a heterocyclic compound, an amino-containing compound, a porphyrin derivative, a phthalocyanine derivative, a naphthyl phthalocyanine derivative, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, or any combination thereof. The carbocyclic compound, heterocyclic compound, and amino-containing compound may optionally be substituted with substituents including O, N, S, Se, Si, F, Cl, Br, I, or any combination thereof. In embodiments, at least one of the first and second capping layers may independently comprise an amino-containing compound.

[0465] In one or more embodiments, at least one of the first capping layer and the second capping layer may each independently include a compound represented by formula 201, a compound represented by formula 202, or any combination thereof.

[0466] In one or more embodiments, at least one of the first capping layer and the second capping layer may each independently comprise one of compounds HT28 to HT33, one of compounds CP1 to CP6, β-NPB, or any combination thereof:

[0467]

[0468] .

[0469] [membrane]

[0470] The display device may further include a film. The film may be, for example, an optical component (or light control device) (e.g., a color filter, a color conversion layer, a capping layer, a light extraction efficiency enhancement layer, a selective light absorption layer, a polarizing layer, or a quantum dot layer), a light blocking component (e.g., a light reflecting layer or a light absorbing layer), or a protective component (e.g., an insulating layer or a dielectric layer).

[0471] [Display device]

[0472] The light-emitting device 11 may be included in various display devices.

[0473] In addition to the light-emitting device 11, the display device may further include i) a color filter, ii) a color conversion layer, or iii) a color filter and a color conversion layer. The color filter and / or the color conversion layer may be arranged in at least one direction of travel of the light emitted from the light-emitting device 11. For example, the light emitted from the light-emitting device 11 may be blue light or white light. Aspects of the light-emitting device 11 are provided as described herein.

[0474] The display device may include a first substrate. The first substrate may include a plurality of sub-pixel regions, the color filter may include a plurality of color filter regions corresponding to the plurality of sub-pixel regions, and the color conversion layer may include a plurality of color conversion regions corresponding to the plurality of sub-pixel regions.

[0475] A pixel-defining film can be arranged between multiple sub-pixel regions to define each of the multiple sub-pixel regions.

[0476] The color filter may further include a plurality of color filter regions and a light-blocking pattern between the plurality of color filter regions, and the color conversion layer may further include a plurality of color conversion regions and a light-blocking pattern between the plurality of color conversion regions.

[0477] Multiple color filter regions (or multiple color conversion regions) may include: a first region emitting a first color light; a second region emitting a second color light; and / or a third region emitting a third color light, wherein the first color light, the second color light, and / or the third color light may have different maximum emission wavelengths from each other. In an embodiment, the first color light may be blue light, the second color light may be green light, and the third color light may be red light. In an embodiment, the multiple color filter regions (or multiple color conversion regions) may include quantum dots. In particular, the first region may include red quantum dots, the second region may include green quantum dots, and the third region may not include quantum dots. Quantum dots can be understood by referring to the description of quantum dots described herein. Each of the first, second, and / or third regions may further include a scatterer.

[0478] In one embodiment, the light-emitting device 11 can emit first light, a first region can absorb the first light to emit first-i color light, a second region can absorb the first light to emit second-i color light, and a third region can absorb the first light to emit third-i color light. Here, the first-i color light, the second-i color light, and the third-i color light can have different maximum emission wavelengths from each other. In particular, the first light can be blue light, the first-i color light can be red light, the second-i color light can be green light, and the third-i color light can be blue light.

[0479] In addition to the light-emitting device 11, the display device may further include a thin-film transistor. The thin-film transistor may include a source electrode, a drain electrode, and an active layer, wherein either the source electrode or the drain electrode may be electrically connected to either the first electrode 110 or the second electrode 150 of the light-emitting device 11.

[0480] Thin-film transistors may further include gate electrodes and gate insulating films, etc.

[0481] The active layer may include crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, organic semiconductors, and oxide semiconductors, etc.

[0482] The display device may further include a sealing portion for sealing the light-emitting device 11. The sealing portion may be disposed between the color filter and / or color conversion layer and the light-emitting device 11. The sealing portion allows light from the light-emitting device 11 to pass through to the outside while preventing ambient air and moisture from penetrating into the light-emitting device 11. The sealing portion may be a sealing substrate comprising a transparent glass substrate or a plastic substrate. The sealing portion may be a thin-film encapsulation layer comprising at least one layer of organic and inorganic layers. In examples where the sealing portion is a thin-film encapsulation layer, the display device may be flexible.

[0483] Depending on the application of the display device, various functional layers may be additionally arranged on the sealed portion, in addition to color filters and / or color conversion layers. Examples of functional layers may include a touchscreen layer and a polarizing layer. The touchscreen layer may be a pressure-sensitive touchscreen layer, a capacitive touchscreen layer, or an infrared touchscreen layer. The display device may include, for example, a biometric authentication device that authenticates an individual using biometric information from a living person (e.g., a fingertip or pupil).

[0484] In addition to the light-emitting device, the authentication device may further include a biometric information collector.

[0485] [Electronic Devices]

[0486] The light-emitting device 11 can be included in various electronic devices. For example, a display device including the light-emitting device 11 can be included in various types of electronic devices.

[0487] For example, the electronic device including the light-emitting device 11 may be one of the following: flat panel display, curved display, computer monitor, medical monitor, television, billboard, indoor light, outdoor light, signal light, head-up display, fully transparent display, partially transparent display, flexible display, rollable display, foldable display, retractable display, smart glasses, head-mounted display, smartwatch, laser printer, telephone, portable telephone, mobile phone, tablet PC, tablet computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), wearable device, laptop computer, digital camera, camcorder, viewfinder, microdisplay, three-dimensional (3D) display, virtual reality display, augmented reality display, vehicle instrument panel, center information display (CID) in a vehicle, head-up display in a vehicle, in-vehicle mirror display, video wall with multiple displays spliced ​​together, theater screen, stadium screen, phototherapy device, and sign.

[0488] [ Figure 8 and Figure 9 [Description]

[0489] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of a display device including a light-emitting device according to an embodiment.

[0490] Figure 8 The display device may include a substrate 100, a thin-film transistor (TFT), a light-emitting device, and a sealing portion 300.

[0491] The substrate 100 may be a flexible substrate, a glass substrate, or a metal substrate. A buffer layer 210 may be disposed on the substrate 100. The buffer layer 210 can prevent the penetration of impurities through the substrate 100 and can provide a flat surface on the substrate 100.

[0492] The TFT can be disposed on the buffer layer 210. The TFT may include an active layer 220, a gate electrode 240, a source electrode 260, and a drain electrode 270.

[0493] The active layer 220 may include inorganic semiconductors (e.g., silicon or polysilicon), organic semiconductors or oxide semiconductors, and may include source regions, drain regions and channel regions.

[0494] A gate insulating film 230 for insulating the active layer 220 from the gate electrode 240 may be disposed on the active layer 220, and the gate electrode 240 may be disposed on the gate insulating film 230.

[0495] The interlayer insulating film 250 may be disposed on the gate electrode 240. The interlayer insulating film 250 may be located between the gate electrode 240 and the source electrode 260 to insulate the gate electrode 240 from the source electrode 260, and between the gate electrode 240 and the drain electrode 270 to insulate the gate electrode 240 from the drain electrode 270.

[0496] Source electrode 260 and drain electrode 270 may be disposed on interlayer insulating film 250. Interlayer insulating film 250 and gate insulating film 230 may be formed to expose source and drain regions of active layer 220, and source electrode 260 and drain electrode 270 may be disposed to contact the exposed portions of source and drain regions of active layer 220.

[0497] The TFT can be electrically connected to a light-emitting device to drive the light-emitting device, and can be covered and protected by a passivation layer 280. The passivation layer 280 may include an inorganic insulating film, an organic insulating film, or any combination thereof. The light-emitting device may be provided on the passivation layer 280. The light-emitting device includes a first electrode 110, a sandwich layer, and a second electrode 150.

[0498] The first electrode 110 may be disposed on the passivation layer 280. The passivation layer 280 may be disposed to expose a portion of the drain electrode 270 without completely covering the drain electrode 270, and the first electrode 110 may be disposed to connect to the exposed portion of the drain electrode 270.

[0499] A pixel defining layer 290, including insulating material, may be disposed on the first electrode 110. The pixel defining layer 290 may expose a specific area of ​​the first electrode 110, and an interlayer may be formed within the exposed area of ​​the first electrode 110. The pixel defining layer 290 may be a polyimide-based organic film or a polyacrylic acid-based organic film. Although not explicitly stated... Figure 8 As explained in the text, at least some of the interlayers may extend above the pixel-limiting layer 290 and may be arranged as common layers.

[0500] The second electrode 150 may be disposed on the interlayer, and a capping layer 170 may be additionally formed on the second electrode 150. The capping layer 170 may be formed such that the capping layer 170 covers the second electrode 150.

[0501] A sealing portion 300 may be disposed on the capping layer 170. The sealing portion 300 may be disposed on the light-emitting device to protect it from moisture or oxygen. The sealing portion 300 may include an inorganic film, including silicon nitride (SiN). x ), silicon dioxide (SiO) x Indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, or any combination thereof; organic membranes, including polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyethylene sulfonate, polyoxymethylene, polyarylate, hexamethyldisiloxane, acrylic resins (e.g., polymethyl methacrylate or polyacrylic acid), epoxy resins (e.g., aliphatic glycidyl ether (AGE)), or any combination thereof; or any combination of inorganic and organic membranes.

[0502] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of another display device including a light-emitting device according to an embodiment.

[0503] Figure 9 Display devices and Figure 8 The display devices are essentially the same, except that the light-shielding pattern 500 and the functional area 400 are additionally arranged on the sealed portion 300. The functional area 400 may include i) a color filter area, ii) a color conversion area, or iii) a combination of a color filter area and a color conversion area. In the embodiment, it includes... Figure 9 The light-emitting device in a display device can be a series-connected light-emitting device.

[0504] [ Figure 10 [Description]

[0505] Figure 10This is a schematic perspective view of an electronic device 1 including a light-emitting device according to an embodiment. The electronic device 1 can be a portable electronic device that displays moving or still images, such as a mobile phone, smartphone, tablet PC, mobile communication terminal, e-notebook computer, e-reader, portable multimedia player (PMP), navigation device, or ultra-mobile PC (UMPC), as well as various products (e.g., televisions, laptops, monitors, billboards, or Internet of Things (IoT) devices) or parts thereof. In some aspects, the electronic device 1 can be a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, watch phone, glasses display, or head-mounted display (HMD)) or parts thereof. However, the embodiments are not limited thereto. In embodiments, the electronic device 1 can be a vehicle dashboard, a center information display (CID) arranged on the center console or dashboard of a vehicle, an interior mirror display replacing the side mirrors of a vehicle, a display for entertainment of the rear seats of a vehicle or arranged on the back of the front seats of a vehicle, a head-up display (HUD) mounted in front of the vehicle or projected onto the windshield, or a computer-generated holographic augmented reality head-up display (CGH AR HUD). For ease of description, Figure 10 The electronic device 1 is explained as an implementation of a smartphone.

[0506] Electronic device 1 may include a display area DA and a non-display area NDA outside the display area DA. Electronic device 1 can implement an image by means of an array of multiple pixels arranged in two dimensions in the display area DA.

[0507] The non-display area NDA is an area where no image is displayed and may completely surround the display area DA. Drivers for providing electrical signals or power to display elements arranged in the display area DA may be placed in the non-display area NDA. Pads for electrically connecting electronic components or printed circuit boards may be placed in the non-display area NDA.

[0508] Electronic device 1 may have different lengths in the x-axis direction and in the y-axis direction. In an embodiment, such as... Figure 10 As explained, the length in the x-axis direction may be shorter than the length in the y-axis direction. In some embodiments, the length in the x-axis direction may be the same as the length in the y-axis direction. In one or more embodiments, the length in the x-axis direction may be greater than the length in the y-axis direction.

[0509] [ Figure 11 and Figures 12A to 12C [Description]

[0510] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the exterior of a vehicle 1000, which is an electronic device including a light-emitting device, according to an embodiment. Figures 12A to 12CEach serves as an illustrative interpretation Figure 11 A diagram of the interior of vehicle 1000.

[0511] refer to Figure 11 , Figure 12A , Figure 12B and Figure 12C Vehicle 1000 can refer to various devices used to move an object to be transported (such as a person, object, or animal) from a starting point to a destination. Vehicle 1000 can include vehicles that travel on roads or tracks, ships that move on oceans or rivers, and aircraft that fly in the air using the action of air.

[0512] Vehicle 1000 can travel on roads or tracks. Vehicle 1000 can move in a particular direction based on the rotation of at least one wheel. In embodiments, vehicle 1000 may include three-wheeled or four-wheeled vehicles, construction machinery, two-wheeled vehicles, prime movers, bicycles, and trains traveling on tracks.

[0513] Vehicle 1000 may include a body having an interior and an exterior, and a chassis in which driving-supporting mechanical equipment is mounted as other components besides the body of vehicle 1000. The exterior of the body may include a front panel, hood, roof panel, rear panel, trunk, and pillars provided at the boundaries between the doors, etc. The chassis of vehicle 1000 may include a power generation unit, power transmission unit, drive unit, steering unit, braking unit, suspension unit, transmission unit, fuel unit, front and rear wheels, and left and right wheels, etc.

[0514] Vehicle 1000 may include side window glass 1100, front window glass 1200, side mirror 1300, instrument panel 1400, center console 1500, passenger seat instrument panel 1600 and display device 2.

[0515] The side window 1100 and the front window 1200 can be separated by a pillar arranged between the side window 1100 and the front window 1200.

[0516] Side window 1100 may be mounted on the side of vehicle 1000. In one embodiment, side window 1100 may be mounted on a door of vehicle 1000. Multiple side window 1100s may be provided and may face each other. In one embodiment, side window 1100 may include a first side window 1110 and a second side window 1120. In one embodiment, the first side window 1110 may be arranged adjacent to instrument panel 1400. The second side window 1120 may be arranged adjacent to passenger seat dashboard 1600.

[0517] In one embodiment, the side window glass 1100 may be spaced apart from each other in the x-axis direction or in a direction opposite to the x-axis direction. In another embodiment, the first side window glass 1110 and the second side window glass 1120 may be spaced apart from each other in the x-axis direction or in a direction opposite to the x-axis direction. In other words, the virtual straight line L connecting the side window glass 1100 may extend in the x-axis direction or in a direction opposite to the x-axis direction. In another embodiment, the virtual straight line L connecting the first side window glass 1110 and the second side window glass 1120 may extend in the x-axis direction or in a direction opposite to the x-axis direction.

[0518] The front windshield 1200 can be installed at the front of the vehicle 1000. The front windshield 1200 can be arranged between the side windows 1100 facing each other.

[0519] The side mirror 1300 provides a rear view of the vehicle 1000. The side mirror 1300 can be mounted on the exterior of the vehicle body. In one embodiment, multiple side mirrors 1300 may be provided. Any one of the multiple side mirrors 1300 may be positioned on the outer side of the first side window 1110. Another of the multiple side mirrors 1300 may be positioned on the outer side of the second side window 1120.

[0520] The instrument panel 1400 may be positioned in front of the steering wheel. The instrument panel 1400 may include a tachometer, speedometer, coolant temperature gauge, fuel gauge, turn signal indicator, high beam indicator, warning lights, seat belt warning light, odometer, speedometer, automatic shift lever indicator, door open warning light, engine oil warning light, and / or low fuel warning light.

[0521] The center console 1500 may include a control panel with multiple buttons for adjusting audio equipment, air conditioning, and seat heaters. The center console 1500 may be located on one side of the instrument panel 1400.

[0522] The passenger seat instrument panel 1600 may be spaced apart from the instrument cluster 1400, and the center console 1500 may be arranged between the instrument cluster 1400 and the passenger seat instrument panel 1600. In one embodiment, the instrument cluster 1400 may be arranged corresponding to the driver's seat (not illustrated), and the passenger seat instrument panel 1600 may be arranged corresponding to the passenger seat (not illustrated). In one embodiment, the instrument cluster 1400 may be adjacent to the first side window 1110, and the passenger seat instrument panel 1600 may be adjacent to the second side window 1120.

[0523] In one embodiment, the display device 2 may include a display panel 3, and the display panel 3 may display images. The display device 2 may be arranged inside the vehicle 1000. In another embodiment, the display device 2 may be arranged between side window glass 1100s facing each other. The display device 2 may be arranged on at least one of the instrument panel 1400, the center console 1500, and the passenger seat instrument panel 1600.

[0524] Display device 2 may include organic light-emitting display devices, inorganic light-emitting display devices, and quantum dot display devices, etc. In the following description, as the display device 2 according to an embodiment, an organic light-emitting display device including the aforementioned light-emitting device according to the embodiment will be used as an example; however, various types of the aforementioned display devices may be used in the embodiments.

[0525] refer to Figure 12A The display device 2 can be mounted on the center console 1500. In one embodiment, the display device 2 can display navigation information. In another embodiment, the display device 2 can display information about audio settings, video settings, or vehicle settings.

[0526] refer to Figure 12B The display device 2 can be mounted on the instrument panel 1400. In this case, the instrument panel 1400 can display driving information, etc., via the display device 2. That is, the instrument panel 1400 can digitally display driving information, etc. The instrument panel 1400 can digitally display vehicle information and driving information as images. In this embodiment, the tachometer pointer, gauges, and various warning light icons can be displayed via digital signals.

[0527] refer to Figure 12C The display device 2 may be arranged on the passenger seat instrument panel 1600. The display device 2 may be embedded in or arranged on the passenger seat instrument panel 1600. In one embodiment, the display device 2 arranged on the passenger seat instrument panel 1600 may display images related to the information displayed on the instrument panel 1400 and / or the center console 1500. In another embodiment, the display device 2 arranged on the passenger seat instrument panel 1600 may display information different from the information displayed on the instrument panel 1400 and / or the center console 1500.

[0528] [Manufacturing Method]

[0529] The constituent layer included in the hole transport region 120, the emission layer 130 including the first emission layer 131 and the second emission layer 132, and the constituent layer included in the electron transport region 140 can be formed in specific regions using various methods (e.g., vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Brokett (LB) process, inkjet printing, laser printing, and laser-induced thermal imaging, etc.).

[0530] When forming a constituent layer including a hole transport region 120, an emission layer 130 including a first emission layer 131 and a second emission layer 132, and a constituent layer including an electron transport region 140 by vacuum deposition, the deposition conditions can be selected according to the material and structure of the layers to be formed. For example, a deposition temperature ranging from about 100°C to about 500°C, and a deposition temperature of about 10... -8 To about 10 -3 The vacuum level and deposition rate range from about 0.01 Å / s to about 100 Å / s.

[0531] Figure 13 This is a block diagram of an electronic device including a display device according to an embodiment.

[0532] Display devices including light-emitting devices can be applied to various electronic devices. The electronic device 10000 according to the embodiment includes the aforementioned display device, and may further include modules or devices with other functions in addition to the display device.

[0533] refer to Figure 13 The electronic device 10000 according to the embodiment may include a display module 11000, a processor 12000, a memory 13000 and a power module 14000.

[0534] The processor 12000 may include at least one of a central processing unit (CPU), an application processor (AP), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a communication processor (CP), an image signal processor (ISP), and a controller.

[0535] Data information supporting the operation of processor 12000 or display module 11000 can be stored in memory 13000. In an example where processor 12000 executes an application stored in memory 13000, image data signals and / or input control signals are transmitted to display module 11000, and display module 11000 can process the received signals and output image information through the display screen.

[0536] The power module 14000 may include: a power supply module (e.g., a power adapter or battery device); and a power conversion module that converts the power supplied by the power supply module to generate power for the operation of the electronic device 10000.

[0537] At least one component of electronic device 10000 may be included in the display device according to the foregoing embodiments. In the embodiments, some of the individual modules that are functionally included in a single module may be included in the display device, while others may be provided separately from the display device. For example, the display device may include display module 11000, and processor 12000, memory 13000, and power module 14000 may be provided as other devices in electronic device 10000 besides the display device.

[0538] In an implementation, the electronic device 10000 may be one of the following: flat panel display, curved display, computer monitor, medical monitor, television, billboard, indoor light, outdoor light, signal light, head-up display, fully transparent display, partially transparent display, flexible display, rollable display, foldable display, retractable display, smart glasses, head-mounted display, smartwatch, laser printer, telephone, portable telephone, mobile phone, tablet PC, tablet computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), wearable device, laptop computer, digital camera, camcorder, viewfinder, microdisplay, three-dimensional (3D) display, virtual reality display, augmented reality display, vehicle instrument panel, center information display (CID) in a vehicle, head-up display in a vehicle, in-vehicle mirror display, video wall with multiple displays spliced ​​together, theater screen, stadium screen, phototherapy device, and sign.

[0539] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of an electronic device 10000 according to various embodiments.

[0540] refer to Figure 14 The display device according to the embodiments may include various electronic devices 10000: electronic devices for displaying images, such as smartphones 10000_1a, tablet computers 10000_1b, laptop computers 10000_1c, TVs 10000_1d, and desktop monitors 10000_1e; wearable electronic devices including display modules, such as smart glasses 10000_2a, head-mounted displays 10000_2b, and smartwatches 10000_2c; and automotive electronic devices 10000_3 including display modules, such as in-vehicle mirror displays, vehicle instrument panels, center consoles, and dashboard center information displays (CIDs).

[0541] [Terminology limitations]

[0542] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 60 "Carbocyclic group" refers to a cyclic group consisting of 5 to 60 carbon atoms, with carbon atoms as the only cyclic atom.

[0543] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 "Heterocyclic group" refers to a cyclic group having 3 to 60 carbon atoms and, in addition to carbon atoms, having heteroatoms as cyclic atoms.

[0544] C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups and C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups can be monocyclic groups consisting of a single ring or polycyclic groups in which two or more rings are fused together. For example, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups have 3 to 61 cyclic atoms.

[0545] As used herein, "cyclic group" may include C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups and C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group.

[0546] As used in this article, “π-electron-rich C3-C” 60 "Cyclic group" refers to a cyclic group having 3 to 60 carbon atoms and excluding *-N=*' as the cyclic part.

[0547] As used in this article, "π-electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C" 60 "Cyclic group" refers to a heterocyclic group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms and including *-N=*' as the cyclic moiety.

[0548] In the implementation,

[0549] C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group can be i) a T1 group or ii) a fused-ring group in which two or more T1 groups are fused together (e.g., cyclopentadienyl, adamantyl, norbornel, phenyl, pentaenyl, naphthyl, azuleyl, indaryl, acenaphthel, phenanthyl, anthraceneyl, fluoranyl, triphenylene, pyrene, 1,2-benzophenantyl, peryl, penfenyl, heptaenyl, tetraphenyl, framyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, rubiginyl, keratyl, ovoleyl, indole, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzo[fluorenyl], indole[phenantyl], or indole[anthrayl]).

[0550] C1-C 60The heterocyclic group may be i) a T2 group, ii) a fused-ring group in which two or more T2 groups are fused together, or iii) a fused-ring group in which at least one T2 group and at least one T1 group are fused together (e.g., pyrrole, thiophene, furanyl, indole, benzoindole, naphthoindole, isoindole, benzoisoindole, naphthoisoindole, benzothiophene, benzofuranyl, carbazole, dibenzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, indocarbazole, indolecarbazole, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenecarbazole, benzothiophenecarbazole, benzoindocarbazole, benzocarbazole, benzonaphthofuranyl, benzonaphthophene, benzonaphthothiophene, benzofuranyl, dibenzofuranyl, benzofuranyl Benzothiophene, benzothiophene, benzothiophene, pyrazolyl, imidazole, triazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzooxazolyl, benzoisooxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoisothiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinoline (e.g., linyl, benzoisoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzoquinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, benzoquinazolinyl, phenanthrolinyl, cinolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthidyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidyl, imidazotriazinyl, imidazopyrazinyl, imidazopyridazinyl, azacarbazoyl, azafluorenyl, azadibenzothiopheneyl, azadibenzofuranyl or xanthonyl, etc.)

[0551] C3-C rich in π electrons 60 The cyclic group may be i) a T1 group, ii) a fused ring group in which two or more T1 groups are fused together, iii) a T3 group, iv) a fused ring group in which two or more T3 groups are fused together, or v) a fused ring group in which at least one T3 group and at least one T1 group are fused together (e.g., C3-C). 60 Carbocyclic, 1H-pyrrole, thiorrole, borocyclopentadienyl, 2H-pyrrole, 3H-pyrrole, thiophene, furanyl, indole, benzoindole, naphthoindole, isoindole, benzoisoindole, naphthoisoindole, benzothiorrole, benzothiophene, benzofuranyl, carbazole, dibenzothiorrole, dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, indole-carbazole, benzofuran-carbazole, benzothiophene-carbazole, benzothiorrole-carbazole, benzoindole-carbazole, benzocarbazole, benzonaphthofuranyl, benzonaphthophene, benzonaphthorrole, benzofuran-dibenzofuranyl, benzofuran-dibenzothiophene or benzothiophene-dibenzothiophene, etc.

[0552] Nitrogen-containing C1-C lacking π electrons 60The cyclic group may be i) a T4 group, ii) a fused ring group in which two or more T4 groups are fused together, iii) a fused ring group in which at least one T4 group and at least one T1 group are fused together, iv) a fused ring group in which at least one T4 group and at least one T3 group are fused together, or v) a fused ring group in which at least one T4 group, at least one T1 group and at least one T3 group are fused together (e.g., pyrazolyl, imidazole, triazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiazolyl, benzopyrazole). (e.g., benzoimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzoisoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoisothiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, benzoisoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzoquinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, benzoquinoxalinyl, phenanthrolinel, cinolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthidyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidyl, imidazotriazinyl, imidazopyrazinyl, imidazopyridazinyl, azacarbazolyl, azafluorenyl, azadibenzothiophene, azadibenzothiophene, and azadibenzofuranyl, etc.)

[0553] The T1 group can be cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, cycloheptenyl, adamantyl, norbornyl (or bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane), norbornyl, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, or phenyl.

[0554] The T2 group can be furanyl, thiophene, 1H-pyrrolyl, thiophene, borocyclopentadienyl, 2H-pyrrolyl, 3H-pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, azathiophene, azaboracyclopentadienyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, tetraazinyl, pyrrolylalkyl, imidazolyl, dihydropyrrolyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, dihydropyridinyl, hexahydropyrimidinyl, tetrahydropyrimidinyl, dihydropyrimidinyl, piperazinyl, tetrahydropyrazinyl, dihydropyrazinyl, tetrahydropyrazinyl, or dihydropyrazinyl.

[0555] The T3 group can be furanyl, thiophene, 1H-pyrrole, thiophene, or borocyclopentadienyl.

[0556] The T4 group may include 2H-pyrrolyl, 3H-pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiazolyl, azirthiolyl, aziboranecyclopentadienyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, or tetraazinyl.

[0557] As used in this article, the terms "cyclic group" and "C3-C" are similar to those used in other documents. 60 "Carbocyclic group", "C1-C" 60 Heterocyclic groups, π-electron-rich C3-C 60 "Cyclic groups" or "nitrogen-containing C1-C groups lacking π electrons" 60 "Cyclic group" refers to a monovalent or polyvalent group (e.g., a divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent group) that is fused (e.g., bonded together) with a cyclic group.

[0558] In the embodiments, "phenyl" may be benzo[a], phenyl, or phenylene, etc., which can be easily understood by those skilled in the art based on the structure of formulas including "phenyl".

[0559] Unit price C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups and monovalent C1-C 60 Examples of heterocyclic groups may include C5-C 10 cycloalkyl, C3-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C5-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, C3-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 Aryl, C3-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, and monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups.

[0560] Divalent C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups and divalent C1-C 60 Examples of heterocyclic groups may include C5-C 10 Cycloalkylene, C3-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C5-C 10 Cycloalkylene, C3-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 Aromatic, C3-C 60 Hypoaryl, divalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups and divalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups.

[0561] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 "Alkyl" refers to a monovalent group of a straight-chain or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and specific examples may include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, tert-pentyl, neopentyl, isopentyl, sec-pentyl, 3-pentyl, sec-isopentyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl, sec-hexyl, tert-hexyl, n-heptyl, isoheptyl, sec-heptyl, tert-heptyl, n-octyl, isooctyl, sec-octyl, tert-octyl, n-nonyl, isononyl, sec-nonyl, tert-nonyl, n-decyl, isodel, sec-decyl, and tert-decyl.

[0562] As used in this article, the term "C1-C"60 "alkylene" refers to C1-C 60 Alkyl groups have the same structure as divalent groups.

[0563] As used in this article, the term "C2-C" 60 "Alkenyl" refers to the group formed at C2-C. 60 The alkyl group has at least one monovalent hydrocarbon group with a carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or at the end, and examples of such groups may include vinyl, propenyl and butenyl groups.

[0564] As used in this article, the term "C2-C" 60 "Alkenyl" refers to C2-C 60 Alkenes have divalent groups with the same structure.

[0565] As used in this article, the term "C2-C" 60 "Alkyne group" refers to the group at C2-C 60 The alkyl group has at least one monovalent hydrocarbon group with a carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or at the end, and examples of such groups may include ethynyl and propynyl groups.

[0566] As used in this article, the term "C2-C" 60 "Immyneyl" refers to C2-C 60 The alkynyl group is a divalent group with the same structure.

[0567] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 "Alkoxy" refers to the compound formed by -OA 101 (where A) 101 For C1-C 60 Alkyl groups are monovalent groups, and examples of them may include methoxy, ethoxy, and isopropoxy.

[0568] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 10 "Cycloalkyl" refers to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon cyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples of such groups may include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantyl, norbornyl (or bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl), bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl, and bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, etc.

[0569] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 10 "Cycloalkylene" refers to C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups have the same divalent structure.

[0570] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 10"Heterocyclic alkyl" refers to a monovalent cyclic group consisting of 1 to 10 carbon atoms that further include at least one heteroatom as a cyclic atom in addition to carbon atoms, and specific examples may include 1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, and tetrahydrothiophenyl.

[0571] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 10 "Heterocyclic alkyl" refers to C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups have divalent groups with the same structure.

[0572] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 10 "Cycloalkenyl" refers to a monovalent cyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, at least one carbon-carbon double bond in its ring, and no aromaticity, and specific examples may include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, and cycloheptenyl.

[0573] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 10 "Biopylene" refers to C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups have the same divalent structure.

[0574] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 10 "Heterocyclic alkenyl" refers to a monovalent cyclic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which includes at least one heteroatom as a cyclic atom in addition to a carbon atom and comprises at least one double bond in the ring structure. C1-C 10 Examples of heterocyclic alkenyl groups may include 4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl, 2,3-dihydrofuranyl, and 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl.

[0575] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 10 "Heterocyclic alkenyl" refers to C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups are divalent groups with the same structure.

[0576] As used in this article, the term "C6-C" 60 "Aryl" refers to a monovalent group in a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms.

[0577] As used in this article, the term "C6-C" 60 "Aromatic" refers to a divalent group in a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms.

[0578] C6-C 60 Examples of aryl groups may include phenyl, pentanenyl, naphthyl, azulel, indole, acenaphthel, phenanthyl, phenanthryl, anthracene, fluoranthyl, triphenylene, pyrene, 1,2-benzophenanthryl, perylene, pentanenyl, heptanenyl, tetraphenyl, fraxyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, rubidyl, keratyl, and ovoleyl, etc.

[0579] When C6-C 60 Aryl and C6-C 60 When each of the aryl groups comprises two or more rings, the two or more rings can fused together.

[0580] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 "Heteroaryl" refers to a monovalent group in a heterocyclic aromatic system having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, which includes at least one heteroatom as a cyclic atom in addition to a carbon atom.

[0581] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 "Hypo-heteroaryl" refers to a divalent group in a heterocyclic aromatic system having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, which includes at least one heteroatom as a cyclic atom in addition to a carbon atom.

[0582] C1-C 60 Examples of heteroaryl groups may include pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoisoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzoquinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, benzoquinazolinyl, cyclolinyl, phenanthrolinel, phthalazinyl, and naphthidyl.

[0583] When C1-C 60 heteroaryl and C1-C 60 When each heteroaryl group comprises two or more rings, the two or more rings can fused together.

[0584] As used herein, the term "monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic group" refers to a monovalent group (e.g., having 8 to 60 carbon atoms) having two or more rings fused together, with only carbon atoms as cyclic atoms, and lacking aromaticity throughout the molecular structure. Examples of monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups may include indenyl, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzo[a]fluorenyl, indeno[a]phenanthryl, and indeno[a]anthrayl, etc.

[0585] As used herein, the term "divalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic group" refers to a divalent group that has the same structure as a monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic group.

[0586] As used herein, the term “monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic group” refers to a monovalent group having two or more rings fused together (e.g., having 1 to 60 carbon atoms), further comprising at least one heteroatom as a cyclic atom in addition to carbon atoms, and being nonaromatic throughout its molecular structure. Examples of monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups may include pyrrole, thiophene, furanyl, indole, benzoindole, naphthoindole, isoindole, benzoisoindole, naphthoisoindole, benzothiophene, benzofuranyl, carbazole, dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, azacarbazole, azafluorenyl, azadibenzothiophene, azadibenzothiophene, azadibenzofuranyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl Benzopyrazolyl, Benzopimidazolyl, Benzopoxazolyl, Benzopthiazolyl, Benzopoxadiazolyl, Benzopthiadiazolyl, Imidazolylpyridinyl, Imidazolylpyrimidinyl, Imidazolyltriazinyl, Imidazolylpyrazinyl, Imidazolylpyridazinyl, Indocarbazolyl, Indocarbazolyl, Benzopfuranocarbazolyl, Benzopthiophenocarbazolyl, Benzopthiophenocarbazolyl, Benzopindocarbazolyl, Benzopcarbazolyl, Benzopnaphthuronyl, Benzopnaphthiophenoyl, Benzopfuranodibenzofuranyl, Benzopfuranodibenzothiophenoyl and Benzopthiophenodibenzothiophenoyl.

[0587] As used herein, the term "divalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic group" refers to a divalent group having the same structure as a monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic group.

[0588] As used in this article, the term "C6-C" 60 "Aryloxy" indicator - OA 102 (where A) 102 For C6-C 60 Aryl).

[0589] As used in this article, the term "C6-C" 60 "Aromatic thiol" indicator - SA 103 (where A) 103 For C6-C 60 Aryl).

[0590] As used in this article, the term "C7-C" 60 "Aryl group" refers to -A 104 A 105 (where A) 104 For C1-C 54 Alkylene, and A 105 For C6-C 59 Aryl).

[0591] As used in this article, the term "C2-C"60 "Heteroaryl" refers to -A 106 A 107 (where A) 106 For C1-C 59 Alkylene, and A 107 For C1-C 59 (Miscellaneous aromatics).

[0592] As used in this article, the term "R" 10a "Can be:

[0593] Deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano or nitro;

[0594] Each of the following C1-C that is not substituted or is substituted: 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group or C1-C 60 Alkoxy groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C3-C 60 carbonyl group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11 -S(=O)2(Q) 11 -P(=O)(Q) 11 (Q) 12 ) or combinations thereof;

[0595] Each of the following C3-Cs that are not substituted or are substituted: 60 carbonyl group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl or C2-C 60 Heteroalkyl groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 60carbonyl group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 21 (Q) 22 (Q) 23 -N(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -B(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -C(=O)(Q) 21 -S(=O)2(Q) 21 -P(=O)(Q) 21 (Q) 22 ) or a combination thereof; or

[0596] -Si(Q 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 ).

[0597] In this specification, Q1 to Q3, Q 11 To Q 13 Q 21 To Q 23 and Q 31 To Q 33 Each can be independently:

[0598] Hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, or nitro; or

[0599] Each of the following C1-C that is not substituted or is substituted: 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups: deuterium, -F, cyano, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, or any combination thereof.

[0600] As used herein, the term "heteroatom" refers to any atom other than carbon and hydrogen. Examples of heteroatoms may include O, S, N, P, Si, B, Ge, Se, and any combination thereof.

[0601] As used herein, the term "transition metal" may include Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, and Au, among others.

[0602] In the instruction manual, "D" can refer to deuterium, "Ph" can refer to phenyl, "Me" can refer to methyl, "Et" can refer to ethyl, and "tert-Bu" can refer to ethyl. t Bu or "Bu" t "Can refer to tert-butyl, and "OMe" can refer to methyl ethyl ether.

[0603] For example, by The indicated group can refer to... The group indicated. In some aspects, by The indicated group can refer to... The group represented by, by The group represented or composed of The group indicated.

[0604] As used herein, the term "biphenyl" refers to a phenyl group that has been substituted with a phenyl group. In other words, "biphenyl" can be a phenyl group having a C6-C2 bond. 60 Aryl groups are substituted phenyl groups.

[0605] As used herein, the term "terphenyl" refers to a "phenyl group substituted with a biphenyl group." "Terphenyl" can belong to i) where the substituent is "a phenyl group substituted with a biphenyl group." 60 Aryl-substituted C6-C 60 "Aryl" substituted phenyl, or ii) "substituted phenyl" having two substituents, each of which is "C6-C". 60 Aryl.

[0606] Unless otherwise specified, as used herein, * and *' each refer to the binding site with an adjacent atom in the corresponding formula or part.

[0607] In this specification, the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis are not limited to the three axes in an orthogonal coordinate system, and can be interpreted in a general sense that includes these axes. For example, the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis can describe axes that are orthogonal to each other, or they can describe axes in different directions that are not orthogonal to each other.

[0608] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 60 "Carbocyclic group" includes C3-C 50 carbonyl group, C3-C 40 carbonyl group, C3-C 30carbonyl group, C3-C 20 carbonyl group or C3-C 10 carbon cyclo group;

[0609] The term "C1-C" 60 "Heterocyclic groups" include C1-C 50 Heterocyclic groups, C1-C 40 Heterocyclic groups, C1-C 30 Heterocyclic groups, C1-C 20 Heterocyclic groups or C1-C 10 Heterocyclic groups;

[0610] The term "C1-C" 60 "alkyl" includes C1-C 50 Alkyl, C1-C 30 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkyl or C1-C 10 alkyl;

[0611] The term "C2-C" 60 "Alkenyl" includes C2-C 30 alkenyl, C2-C 20 alkenyl or C2-C 10 alkenyl;

[0612] The term "C2-C" 60 "Alkyne group" includes C2-C 30 alkynyl group, C2-C 20 alkynyl or C2-C 10 alkynyl group;

[0613] The term "C1-C" 60 "Alkoxy" includes C1-C 30 Alkoxy, C1-C 20 Alkoxy or C1-C 10 Alkoxy;

[0614] The term "C6-C" 60 "Aryl" includes C6-C 50 Aryl, C6-C 40 Aryl, C6-C 30 Aryl, C6-C 20 Aryl or C6-C 15 Aryl;

[0615] The term "C1-C" 60 "Heteroary aryl" includes C1-C 50 heteroaryl, C1-C 40 heteroaryl, C1-C 30 heteroaryl, C1-C 20 heteroaryl or C1-C 10 Mixed aromatics;

[0616] The term "monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group" includes C8-C 60 Monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, C8-C 50 Monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, C8-C 40 Monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, C8-C 30 Monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups or C8-C 20 Monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups;

[0617] The term "monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic group" includes C1-C 60 Monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups, C1-C 50 Monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups, C1-C 40 Monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups, C1-C 30 Monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups or C1-C 20 Monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups;

[0618] The term "C6-C" 60 "Aryloxy groups" include C6-C 50 Aryloxy group, C6-C 40 Aryloxy group, C6-C 30 Aryloxy group, C6-C 20 aryloxy or C6-C 15 aryloxy;

[0619] The term "C6-C" 60 "Arylthio" includes C6-C 50 Arylthio, C6-C 40 Arylthio, C6-C 30 Arylthio, C6-C 20 Aryl thiols or C6-C 15 Arylthio;

[0620] The term "C7-C" 60 "Aryl" includes C7-C 50 Aryl group, C7-C 40 Aryl group, C7-C 30 Aryl group, C7-C 20 Aryl or C7-C 15 Aryl alkyl groups; and

[0621] The term "C2-C" 60 "Heteroaryl" includes C2-C 50 Heteroalkyl, C2-C 40 Heteroalkyl, C2-C 30 Heteroalkyl, C2-C 20 Heteroaryl or C2-C 15Heteroaryl alkyl groups.

[0622] In this specification, "integers selected from 0 to 20" refers to integers selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20. The above description of numerical ranges also applies to any other numerical ranges appearing in this specification, such as integers selected from 0 and 1, integers selected from 0 to 2, integers selected from 0 to 3, integers selected from 0 to 4, integers selected from 0 to 5, integers selected from 0 to 6, integers selected from 0 to 7, integers selected from 0 to 8, integers selected from 0 to 9, integers selected from 0 to 10, integers selected from 0 to 11, integers selected from 0 to 12, integers selected from 0 to 13, integers selected from 0 to 14, integers selected from 0 to 15, integers selected from 0 to 16, integers selected from 0 to 17, integers selected from 0 to 18, and integers selected from 0 to 19, etc.

[0623] In the following, the light-emitting device according to the embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the embodiments.

[0624] Comparative Example 1 (Single-layer emitter)

[0625] The glass substrate (anode) with ITO 300Å / Ag 50Å / ITO 300Å deposited on it was cut into 50mm × 50mm × 0.7mm pieces, ultrasonically treated with isopropanol and pure water for 5 minutes each, and then cleaned by exposure to ultraviolet light and ozone for 30 minutes. The resulting glass substrate was placed in a vacuum deposition apparatus.

[0626] HAT-CN was vacuum deposited on a glass substrate to form a hole injection layer with a thickness of 150 Å. Next, NPB, as a hole transport compound, was vacuum deposited to form a hole transport layer with a thickness of 1100 Å.

[0627] EBL1 was vacuum deposited on the hole transport layer to form an electron blocking layer with a thickness of 50 Å.

[0628] BH11 as the host and BD1 as the dopant were deposited on the electron blocking layer to form an emitter layer with a thickness of 20 nm (host weight: dopant weight = 9.8:0.2).

[0629] TPM-TAZ and Liq were deposited on the emitter layer in a 5:5 weight ratio to form an electron transport layer with a thickness of 300 Å.

[0630] Yb was vacuum deposited onto the electron transport layer to a thickness of 10 Å, and AgMg was continuously vacuum deposited to a thickness of 100 Å (5 wt% Mg doping) to form the cathode. Then, CP1 was deposited on the cathode to form a capping layer with a thickness of 700 Å, thus completing the fabrication of the light-emitting device.

[0631]

[0632]

[0633] Comparative Examples 2 to 7

[0634] The light-emitting device was manufactured in essentially the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that the host and dopant described in Table 1 were used.

[0635] Comparative Examples 8 to 18 and Examples 1 to 7 (two-layer emission layers)

[0636] The light-emitting device was manufactured in essentially the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that instead of forming a single emission layer with a thickness of 20 nm, a first emission layer with a thickness of 10 nm and a second emission layer with a thickness of 10 nm were formed on the first emission layer, wherein each of the first emission layer and the second emission layer used the host and dopant as illustrated in Table 2.

[0637] Evaluation Example 1 (Giant Surface Potential Measurement)

[0638] Giant surface potential is measured using methods known in the art. For example, giant surface potential can be measured in two ways. The giant surface potentials of the light-emitting devices of comparative examples and embodiments are illustrated in Tables 1 and 2.

[0639] 1) Kelvin probe measurement

[0640] The compound to be measured is deposited on a substrate coated with a metal oxide film (e.g., ITO) (vacuum degree <10). -3 (Tolerance). Here, a first sample with a deposition thickness of 5 nm, a second sample with a deposition thickness of 10 nm, a third sample with a deposition thickness of 12 nm, and a fourth sample with a deposition thickness of 20 nm were prepared. Next, a Kelvin probe was brought close to each sample to 120 μm, and the surface potential was measured while the piezoelectric actuator vibrated at 85 Hz under non-contact conditions. Here, the measurement values ​​were calibrated based on an Au film with a work function of 5.2 eV, and the surface potential was measured for multiple samples of different thicknesses, making it possible to measure the giant surface potential value (including the sign).

[0641] 2) Impedance spectroscopy or displacement current measurement (DCM)

[0642] After depositing a nonpolar organic material (e.g., α-NPD) to a thickness of 100 nm, the compound to be measured is deposited on it according to the thickness (e.g., 10 nm to 100 nm) to confirm the change in the threshold voltage of the capacitance (or displacement current). The change in threshold voltage relative to the change in thickness is the giant surface potential value (including the sign).

[0643] Evaluation Example 2 (Characteristics of Light-Emitting Device)

[0644] To evaluate the characteristics of the light-emitting devices in the comparative examples and embodiments, the driving voltage, color purity (CIEy emission color coordinates), external quantum efficiency (EQE), and lifetime at 1000 nits were measured using a source meter (Keithley Instrument, 2400 series) and a luminance meter PR650, and the results are illustrated in Tables 1 and 2.

[0645] Lifetime is measured as the number of hours (T) until a given light-emitting device reaches 95% of its initial brightness. 95 ,hr), and expressed as a relative value based on the lifetime of Comparative Example 1.

[0646] [Table 1]

[0647]

[0648]

[0649]

[0650] Referring to Table 1, it was confirmed that the GSP of the emission layer changed when the host and / or dopant included in the emission layer were changed. It was confirmed that the light-emitting devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 7, which included a monolayer emission layer, had shorter lifetimes than the light-emitting devices of Examples 1 to 7 described herein. Specifically, even when the GSP of the monolayer emission layer was 10 mV / nm or greater, the light-emitting devices of Comparative Examples 2 to 7, which included a monolayer emission layer, were also confirmed to have lifetimes similar to or even lower than those of the light-emitting device of Comparative Example 1, which had a GSP of less than 10 mV / nm with a monolayer emission layer.

[0651] [Table 2]

[0652]

[0653]

[0654]

[0655]

[0656]

[0657]

[0658] Referring to Table 2, it was confirmed that even though the emitting layer has a two-layer structure, the light-emitting devices of Comparative Examples 8 to 16, which have a GSP2 of less than 10 mV / nm in the second emitting layer, have similar or even lower lifetimes to the light-emitting devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 7 as explained in Table 1.

[0659] The light-emitting device of Comparative Example 17, in which the first emitting layer has a GSP1 of 10 mV / nm or greater and the second emitting layer has a GSP2 of less than 10 mV / nm, also has a similar or even lower lifetime to the light-emitting devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 16 described herein.

[0660] It was confirmed that even if the GSP2 of the second emitting layer is 10 mV / nm or greater, the light-emitting device of Comparative Example 18, which has a GSP1 of 10 mV / nm or greater in the first emitting layer, has a similar or even lower lifetime to the light-emitting devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 17 described herein.

[0661] The light-emitting devices of Examples 1 to 7, which meet condition 1, are confirmed to have driving voltage, emission color coordinates, and EQE levels similar to those of the light-emitting devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 18 described herein, but with effectively improved lifetime. Referring to the examples and comparative examples above, light-emitting devices in which the second emitting layer has a GSP2 of 10 mV / nm or greater and the first emitting layer has a GSP1 of less than 10 mV / nm are confirmed to have excellent lifetime.

[0662] According to one or more embodiments, a light-emitting device satisfying condition 1 may include two emission layers consisting of a first emission layer and a second emission layer, wherein the second emission layer may have a positive GSP2, and more specifically, a GSP2 of 10 mV / nm or greater. Accordingly, by preventing the emission region from being narrowly formed at the interface between the emission layer and the hole transport region, the emission region may be widely formed within the emission layer. The first emission layer may have a GSP1 of less than 10 mV / nm, thereby effectively and widely forming the emission region within the emission layer. In examples where the emission region is widely formed within the emission layer, degradation can be prevented, and thus a light-emitting device with a long lifetime can be provided.

[0663] It should be understood that the embodiments described herein are to be considered in a descriptive sense only and are not intended for limiting purposes. The description of features or aspects in each embodiment should generally be considered as other similar features or aspects that may be used in other embodiments. Although one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope as defined by the following claims.

Claims

1. A light-emitting device, comprising: First electrode; The second electrode facing the first electrode; as well as An interlayer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, comprising a first emission layer and a second emission layer stacked sequentially. Wherein the first emission layer and the second emission layer satisfy condition 1: Condition 1 GSP1 < 10mV / nm ≤ GSP2, Among them, in condition 1, GSP1 is the giant surface potential of the first emitter layer, and GSP2 is the giant surface potential of the second emitter layer.

2. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode is an anode and the second electrode is a cathode.

3. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the first emitting layer and the second emitting layer are in direct contact with each other.

4. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein: The interlayer includes a first stack adjacent to the first electrode and a second stack adjacent to the second electrode, and At least one of the first stack and the second stack includes the first emitter layer and the second emitter layer that satisfy condition 1.

5. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first emitting layer and the second emitting layer emits blue light.

6. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first emitting layer and the second emitting layer emits fluorescence or delayed fluorescence.

7. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the absolute value of GSP1 in condition 1 is less than 10 mV / nm.

8. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first emitting layer and the second emitting layer comprises at least one type of boron-containing dopant.

9. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first emitting layer and the second emitting layer comprises a body containing fused groups in which 3 to 5 phenyl groups are fused together.

10. The light-emitting device according to claim 9, wherein: The first emitter layer includes a first body comprising the fused group. The second emission layer includes a second body comprising the fused group, and The first subject and the second subject are different from each other.

11. The light-emitting device according to claim 9, wherein the body further comprises a component connected to the fused group and unsubstituted or modified by at least one R group. 10a Substituted carbazoyl group.

12. The light-emitting device according to claim 9, wherein the body further comprises a component connected to the fused group and unsubstituted or modified by at least one R group. 10a Replacement C3-C 20 Cycloalkyl.

13. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein: The first emission layer and the second emission layer satisfy condition 1-1: Condition 1-1 0mV / nm≤GSP1<10mV / nm≤GSP2, In condition 1-1, GSP1 and GSP2 are the same as GSP1 and GSP2 described in conjunction with condition 1.

14. A display device, comprising: The light-emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, and A thin-film transistor electrically connected to the first electrode.

15. The display device of claim 14, further comprising a color filter, a color conversion layer, a touch screen layer, a polarizing layer, or any combination thereof.

16. An electronic device comprising: The display device according to claim 14 or 15, and A processor that transmits signals to the display device.

17. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the electronic device is one of the following: a flat panel display, a curved display, a computer monitor, a medical monitor, a television, a billboard, an indoor light, an outdoor light, a signal light, a head-up display, a fully transparent display, a partially transparent display, a flexible display, a rollable display, a foldable display, a retractable display, smart glasses, a head-mounted display, a smartwatch, a laser printer, a telephone, a portable telephone, a mobile phone, a tablet PC, a tablet computer, a personal digital assistant, a wearable device, a laptop computer, a digital camera, a camcorder, a viewfinder, a microdisplay, a 3D display, a virtual reality display, an augmented reality display, a vehicle instrument panel, a central information display in a vehicle, a head-up display in a vehicle, an interior mirror display, a video wall having multiple displays spliced ​​together, a theater screen, a stadium screen, a phototherapy device, and a sign.

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