Alkylphenol-based polyether derivatized compounds as lubricant additives

Abstract

This disclosure describes a lubricating oil composition. The composition comprises a primary amount of a base oil; and a lubricant additive having the following structure: wherein each R... 1 Independently, it is a hydrocarbon group having 10 to 400 carbons; X is an alkyl, aryl, or heteroaromatic group having 1 to 10 carbons; Y is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; R 2 Independently, it is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms; each Z is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and R 3 It is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 9 carbons and having one or more nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur functionalized hydrocarbon groups, wherein p is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 20 and m is 1 to 3.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to lubricant additive compositions and lubricating oil compositions containing said lubricant additive compositions. More specifically, this disclosure describes lubricant additives for improving engine performance. Background Technology

[0002] While car engines are constantly being improved, the development of new engine oil and additive packages offers a faster and / or more cost-effective way to improve performance factors such as fuel efficiency, oxidation stability, and volatility.

[0003] In particular, oxidative stability is important because poor oxidative stability often leads to deposit formation, which in turn causes shutdowns and acceleration problems. Furthermore, deposits can increase fuel consumption and the generation of harmful exhaust pollutants. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In one aspect, a lubricating oil composition is provided, the composition comprising: a base oil in a predominant amount; and a lubricant additive having the following structure: Each R 1 Independently, X is a hydrocarbon group having 10 to 400 carbons; X is an alkyl, aryl, or heteroaromatic group having 1 to 10 carbons; Y is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each R 2 Independently, it is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms; Z is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each R 3 It is independently hydrogen or has 1 to 9 carbons and one or more nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur functionalized hydrocarbon groups, wherein p is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 20 and m is 1 to 3.

[0005] In another aspect, a method for lubricating an engine is provided, the method comprising lubricating the engine with a lubricating oil composition comprising: a predominant amount of a base oil; and a lubricant additive having the following structure: Each R 1 Independently, X is a hydrocarbon group having 10 to 400 carbons; X is an alkyl, aryl, or heteroaromatic group having 1 to 10 carbons; Y is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each R 2 Independently, it is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms; Z is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each R 3 It is independently hydrogen or has 1 to 9 carbons and one or more nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur functionalized hydrocarbon groups, wherein p is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 20 and m is 1 to 3.

[0006] In another aspect, a method for improving piston cleanliness or oxidation inhibition in an engine is provided, the method comprising lubricating the engine with a lubricating oil composition comprising: a major amount of a base oil; and a lubricant additive having the following structure: Each R 1 Independently, X is a hydrocarbon group having 10 to 400 carbons; X is an alkyl, aryl, or heteroaromatic group having 1 to 10 carbons; Y is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each R 2 Independently, it is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms; Z is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each R 3 It is independently hydrogen or has 1 to 9 carbons and one or more nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur functionalized hydrocarbon groups, wherein p is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 20 and m is 1 to 3. Detailed Implementation

[0007] It should be understood that when combinations, subsets, groups, etc. of elements are disclosed (e.g., combinations of components in a composition, or combinations of steps in a method), each of these elements is specifically considered and described herein, although specific references to each of the various individual and collective combinations and arrangements of these elements may not be explicitly disclosed.

[0008] This disclosure relates to lubricant additive compositions that prevent or reduce deposit formation (e.g., reduce soot deposits on pistons), thereby improving cleanliness in an engine. The lubricant additives can be formulated together with other lubricant additives in a base oil to impart performance benefits to the resulting lubricant composition.

[0009] In some embodiments, this disclosure relates to engine flushing products containing additives, mixed products containing additives and used lubricating oil compositions, and methods of using said products.

[0010] In some implementations, the engine flushing product is an aftermarket additive package in which the additive is dissolved in a solvent. Aftermarket additive packages are suitable for quickly cleaning or removing deposits, sludge, and other sludge that have accumulated in internal combustion engines.

[0011] Engine flushing removes sludge, heavy deposits, and / or other sludge that may have accumulated in the engine oil. A typical engine flushing process involves adding an additive as an aftermarket additive (such as an engine flushing product) to an internal combustion engine through the filler neck. After allowing the engine to idle, the additive is added to mix with the existing lubricant composition, which contains "used base oil." This mixture dissolves or cleans sludge, heavy deposits, and / or sludge remaining in the engine. The mixture is then drained along with the dissolved sludge, deposits, and / or sludge.

[0012] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil compositions disclosed herein can be used as quick-cleaning fluids. Quick-cleaning fluids can be used during quick-cleaning services to remove deposits, sludge, and other sludge that have accumulated in internal combustion engines. Quick-cleaning services can remove sludge, heavy deposits, and / or other insoluble substances that may accumulate over time.

[0013] The cleaning process may include using lubricant in the engine oil pan or crankcase and circulating the lubricating oil without starting the engine. Additional steps include circulating the lubricating oil and allowing it to soak under static conditions for 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 16 hours, 20 hours, 24 hours, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, or one week. Another cleaning step may include starting the engine and operating it under any operating conditions suitable for its design and fuel for 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 16 hours, 20 hours, 24 hours, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, or one week. In some embodiments, the lubricating oil compositions disclosed herein can be used to remove existing deposits in the crankcase, rocker arm cover, camshaft area, timing gear cover, cylinder head, combustion chamber, piston rings, and / or annular grooves of an internal combustion engine.

[0014] When used during a quick cleaning service, the lubricant composition may require a higher concentration of lubricant additives than is typically used during regular maintenance. This type of lubricant with a higher amount of deposit-cleaning lubricant additive is used to lubricate and clean the engine. The resulting mixture (concentrated lubricant and deposits) can then be rinsed off. The rinsing step typically occurs after the cleaning process is complete.

[0015] In some implementations, the cleaning steps of a rapid cleaning service involve lubricating the engine with a lubricating oil composition for 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 16 hours, 20 hours, 24 hours, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, or one week. The exact time can vary depending on many factors, such as, but not limited to, the size of the engine, the amount of deposits in the engine, and the desired level of cleanliness.

[0016] In some implementations, rinsing is performed 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 16 hours, 24 hours, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 8 weeks after the cleaning step. In some implementations, the rinsing step can be performed for a period of approximately 25% of the OEM-recommended oil change interval.

[0017] In some embodiments, the lubricating oil compositions, quick-cleaning fluids, or engine flushing products disclosed herein have a total base number (TBN) of 2 to 200, such as 2 to 175, 2 to 150, 2 to 100, 5 to 200, 5 to 175, 5 to 150, 5 to 100, 10 to 200, 10 to 175, 10 to 150, 10 to 100, 50 to 200, 50 to 175, 50 to 150, and 50 to 100 mgKOH / g.

[0018] Lubricant additives The lubricant additive composition disclosed herein is a dispersant, which can be represented by the following general chemical structure I: Structure I Each R 1 Independently, X is a hydrocarbon group having 10 to 400 carbons; X is an alkyl, aryl, or heteroaromatic group having 1 to 10 carbons; Y is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each R 2 Each Z is independently a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms; each Z is independently nitrogen, oxygen, and / or sulfur; and each R 3 Independently, X is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 9 carbons and being functionalized with one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur (e.g., -NH2, -OH, etc.), wherein p is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 20, and m is 1 to 3. In some embodiments, X is a cyclic or acyclic alkyl group. In some preferred embodiments, X is an aryl moiety. In some embodiments, Y may contain one or more hydrogen atoms. In some preferred embodiments, Z is nitrogen. In some preferred embodiments, Z is oxygen. In some preferred embodiments, Z is oxygen or nitrogen or both.

[0019] R 1Independently defined as containing 10 to 400 carbon atoms, such as 10 to 390, 10 to 380, 10 to 370, 10 to 360, 10 to 350, 10 to 340, 10 to 330, 10 to 320, 10 to 310, 10 to 300, 10 to 290, 10 to 280, 10 to 270, 1 0 to 260, 10 to 250, 10 to 240, 10 to 230, 10 to 220, 10 to 210, 10 to 200, 10 to 190, 10 to 180, 10 to 170, 10 to 160, 10 to 150, 10 to 140, 10 to 130, 10 to 120, 10 to 110 10 to 100, 10 to 90, 10 to 80, 10 to 70, 10 to 60, 10 to 50, 10 to 40, 10 to 30, 10 to 20, 20 to 400, 20 to 390, 20 to 380, 20 to 370, 20 to 360, 20 to 350, 20 to 340, 20 to 330, 20-320, 20-310, 20-300, 20-290, 20-280, 20-270, 20-260, 20-250, 20-240, 20-230, 20-220, 20-210, 20-200, 20-190, 20-180 20 to 170, 20 to 160, 20 to 150, 20 to 140, 20 to 130, 20 to 120, 20 to 110, 20 to 100, 20 to 90, 20 to 80, 20 to 70, 20 to 60, 20 to 50, 20 to 40, 20 to 30, 30 to 400, 30 to 390, 30-380, 30-370, 30-360, 30-350, 30-340, 30-330, 30-320, 30-310, 30-300, 30-290, 30-280, 30-270, 30-260, 30-250, 30-240 30 to 230, 30 to 220, 30 to 210, 30 to 200, 30 to 190, 30 to 180, 30 to 170, 30 to 160, 30 to 150, 30 to 140, 30 to 130, 30 to 120, 30 to 110, 30 to 100, 30 to 90, 30 to 80 30 to 70, 30 to 60, 30 to 50, 30 to 40, 40 to 400, 40 to 390, 40 to 380, 40 to 370, 40 to 360, 40 to 350, 40 to 340, 40 to 330, 40 to 320, 40 to 310, 40 to 300, 40 to 29040 to 280, 40 to 270, 40 to 260, 40 to 250, 40 to 240, 40 to 230, 40 to 220, 40 to 210, 40 to 200, 40 to 190, 40 to 180, 40 to 170, 40 to 160, 40 to 150, 40 to 140, 40 to 1 30, 40-120, 40-110, 40-100, 40-90, 40-80, 40-70, 40-60, 40-50, 50-400, 50-390, 50-380, 50-370, 50-360, 50-350, 50-340, 50-33 0, 50 to 320, 50 to 310, 50 to 300, 50 to 290, 50 to 280, 50 to 270, 50 to 260, 50 to 250, 50 to 240, 50 to 230, 50 to 220, 50 to 210, 50 to 200, 50 to 190, 50 to 180, 5 0 to 170, 50 to 160, 50 to 150, 50 to 140, 50 to 130, 50 to 120, 50 to 110, 50 to 100, 50 to 90, 50 to 80, 50 to 70, 50 to 60, 60 to 400, 60 to 390, 60 to 380, 60 to 370, 60 Up to 360, 60 to 350, 60 to 340, 60 to 330, 60 to 320, 60 to 310, 60 to 300, 60 to 290, 60 to 280, 60 to 270, 60 to 260, 60 to 250, 60 to 240, 60 to 230, 60 to 220, 60 to 210 1, 60 to 200, 60 to 190, 60 to 180, 60 to 170, 60 to 160, 60 to 150, 60 to 140, 60 to 130, 60 to 120, 60 to 110, 60 to 100, 60 to 90, 60 to 80, 60 to 70, 70 to 400, 70 to 39 0, 70 to 380, 70 to 370, 70 to 360, 70 to 350, 70 to 340, 70 to 330, 70 to 320, 70 to 310, 70 to 300, 70 to 290, 70 to 280, 70 to 270, 70 to 260, 70 to 250, 70 to 240, 7 0 to 230, 70 to 220, 70 to 210, 70 to 200, 70 to 190, 70 to 180, 70 to 170, 70 to 160, 70 to 150, 70 to 140, 70 to 130, 70 to 120, 70 to 110, 70 to 100, 70 to 90, 70 to 8080 to 400, 80 to 390, 80 to 380, 80 to 370, 80 to 360, 80 to 350, 80 to 340, 80 to 330, 80 to 320, 80 to 310, 80 to 300, 80 to 290, 80 to 280, 80 to 270, 80 to 260, 80 to 2 50, 80-240, 80-230, 80-220, 80-210, 80-200, 80-190, 80-180, 80-170, 80-160, 80-150, 80-140, 80-130, 80-120, 80-110, 80-100, 8 0 to 90, 90 to 400, 90 to 390, 90 to 380, 90 to 370, 90 to 360, 90 to 350, 90 to 340, 90 to 330, 90 to 320, 90 to 310, 90 to 300, 90 to 290, 90 to 280, 90 to 270, 90 to 260 90 to 250, 90 to 240, 90 to 230, 90 to 220, 90 to 210, 90 to 200, 90 to 190, 90 to 180, 90 to 170, 90 to 160, 90 to 150, 90 to 140, 90 to 130, 90 to 120, 90 to 110, 90 to 1 00, 100 to 400, 100 to 390, 100 to 380, 100 to 370, 100 to 360, 100 to 350, 100 to 340, 100 to 330, 100 to 320, 100 to 310, 100 to 300, 100 to 290, 100 to 280, 100 Up to 270, 100 to 260, 100 to 250, 100 to 240, 100 to 230, 100 to 220, 100 to 210, 100 to 200, 100 to 190, 100 to 180, 100 to 170, 100 to 160, 100 to 150, 100 to 140, 10 0 to 130, 100 to 120, 100 to 110, 110 to 400, 110 to 390, 110 to 380, 110 to 370, 110 to 360, 110 to 350, 110 to 340, 110 to 330, 110 to 320, 110 to 310, 110 to 300, 1 10 to 290, 110 to 280, 110 to 270, 110 to 260, 110 to 250, 110 to 240, 110 to 230, 110 to 220, 110 to 210, 110 to 200, 110 to 190, 110 to 180, 110 to 170, 110 to 160110 to 150, 110 to 140, 110 to 130, 110 to 120, 120 to 400, 120 to 390, 120 to 380, 120 to 370, 120 to 360, 120 to 350, 120 to 340, 120 to 330, 120 to 320, 120 to 310 1, 120 to 300, 120 to 290, 120 to 280, 120 to 270, 120 to 260, 120 to 250, 120 to 240, 120 to 230, 120 to 220, 120 to 210, 120 to 200, 120 to 190, 120 to 180, 120 to 170 1, 120 to 160, 120 to 150, 120 to 140, 120 to 130, 130 to 400, 130 to 390, 130 to 380, 130 to 370, 130 to 360, 130 to 350, 130 to 340, 130 to 330, 130 to 320, 130 to 31 0, 130-300, 130-290, 130-280, 130-270, 130-260, 130-250, 130-240, 130-230, 130-220, 130-210, 130-200, 130-190, 130-180, 130-1 70, 130-160, 130-150, 130-140, 140-400, 140-390, 140-380, 140-370, 140-360, 140-350, 140-340, 140-330, 140-320, 140-310, 140 Up to 300, 140 to 290, 140 to 280, 140 to 270, 140 to 260, 140 to 250, 140 to 240, 140 to 230, 140 to 220, 140 to 210, 140 to 200, 140 to 190, 140 to 180, 140 to 170, 14 0 to 160, 140 to 150, 150 to 400, 150 to 390, 150 to 380, 150 to 370, 150 to 360, 150 to 350, 150 to 340, 150 to 330, 150 to 320, 150 to 310, 150 to 300, 150 to 290, 1 50 to 280, 150 to 270, 150 to 260, 150 to 250, 150 to 240, 150 to 230, 150 to 220, 150 to 210, 150 to 200, 150 to 190, 150 to 180, 150 to 170, 150 to 160, 160 to 400160 to 390, 160 to 380, 160 to 370, 160 to 360, 160 to 350, 160 to 340, 160 to 330, 160 to 320, 160 to 310, 160 to 300, 160 to 290, 160 to 280, 160 to 270, 160 to 260 160 to 250, 160 to 240, 160 to 230, 160 to 220, 160 to 210, 160 to 200, 160 to 190, 160 to 180, 160 to 170, 170 to 400, 170 to 390, 170 to 380, 170 to 370, 170 to 36 0, 170-350, 170-340, 170-330, 170-320, 170-310, 170-300, 170-290, 170-280, 170-270, 170-260, 170-250, 170-240, 170-230, 170-2 20, 170-210, 170-200, 170-190, 170-180, 180-400, 180-390, 180-380, 180-370, 180-360, 180-350, 180-340, 180-330, 180-320, 180 to 310, 180-300, 180-290, 180-280, 180-270, 180-260, 180-250, 180-240, 180-230, 180-220, 180-210, 180-200, 180-190, 190-400, 190 Up to 390, 190 to 380, 190 to 370, 190 to 360, 190 to 350, 190 to 340, 190 to 330, 190 to 320, 190 to 310, 190 to 300, 190 to 290, 190 to 280, 190 to 270, 190 to 260, 19 0 to 250, 190 to 240, 190 to 230, 190 to 220, 190 to 210, 190 to 200, 200 to 400, 200 to 390, 200 to 380, 200 to 370, 200 to 360, 200 to 350, 200 to 340, 200 to 330, 2 00 to 320, 200 to 310, 200 to 300, 200 to 290, 200 to 280, 200 to 270, 200 to 260, 200 to 250, 200 to 240, 200 to 230, 200 to 220, 200 to 210, 210 to 400, 210 to 390210 to 380, 210 to 370, 210 to 360, 210 to 350, 210 to 340, 210 to 330, 210 to 320, 210 to 310, 210 to 300, 210 to 290, 210 to 280, 210 to 270, 210 to 260, 210 to 250 1, 210 to 240, 210 to 230, 210 to 220, 220 to 400, 220 to 390, 220 to 380, 220 to 370, 220 to 360, 220 to 350, 220 to 340, 220 to 330, 220 to 320, 220 to 310, 220 to 30 0, 220-290, 220-280, 220-270, 220-260, 220-250, 220-240, 220-230, 230-400, 230-390, 230-380, 230-370, 230-360, 230-350, 230-3 40, 230 to 330, 230 to 320, 230 to 310, 230 to 300, 230 to 290, 230 to 280, 230 to 270, 230 to 260, 230 to 250, 230 to 240, 240 to 400, 240 to 390, 240 to 380, 240 to 370, 240-360, 240-350, 240-340, 240-330, 240-320, 240-310, 240-300, 240-290, 240-280, 240-270, 240-260, 240-250, 250-400, 250 Up to 390, 250 to 380, 250 to 370, 250 to 360, 250 to 350, 250 to 340, 250 to 330, 250 to 320, 250 to 310, 250 to 300, 250 to 290, 250 to 280, 250 to 270, 250 to 260, 26 0 to 400, 260 to 390, 260 to 380, 260 to 370, 260 to 360, 260 to 350, 260 to 340, 260 to 330, 260 to 320, 260 to 310, 260 to 300, 260 to 290, 260 to 280, 260 to 270, 2 70 to 400, 270 to 390, 270 to 380, 270 to 370, 270 to 360, 270 to 350, 270 to 340, 270 to 330, 270 to 320, 270 to 310, 270 to 300, 270 to 290, 270 to 280, 280 to 400280 to 390, 280 to 380, 280 to 370, 280 to 360, 280 to 350, 280 to 340, 280 to 330, 280 to 320, 280 to 310, 280 to 300, 280 to 290, 290 to 400, 290 to 390, 290 to 380, 290 to 370, 290 to 360, 290 to 350, 290 to 340, 290 to 330, 290 Up to 320, 290 to 310, 290 to 300, 300 to 400, 300 to 390, 300 to 380, 300 to 370, 300 to 360, 300 to 350, 300 to 340, 300 to 330, 300 to 320, 300 to 310, 310 to 400, 310 to 390, 310 to 380, 310 to 370, 310 to 360, 310 to 350, 310 to 340 310 to 330, 310 to 320, 320 to 400, 320 to 390, 320 to 380, 320 to 370, 320 to 360, 320 to 350, 320 to 340, 320 to 330, 330 to 400, 330 to 390, 330 to 380, 330 to 370, 330 to 360, 330 to 350, 330 to 340, 340 to 400, 340 to 390, 34 A subset of carbon atoms ranging from 0 to 380, 340 to 370, 340 to 360, 340 to 350, 350 to 400, 350 to 390, 350 to 380, 350 to 370, 350 to 360, 360 to 400, 360 to 390, 360 to 380, 360 to 370, 370 to 400, 370 to 390, 370 to 380, 380 to 400, 380 to 390, or 390 to 400.

[0020] In some implementation schemes, R 1 It may contain, for example, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon groups, straight-chain and branched alkyl groups, and polyalkyl groups (e.g., polyisobutylene groups or "PIB", polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.). Polyalkyl groups can be obtained by polymerization reactions using olefin monomers (e.g., isobutylene).

[0021] In some preferred embodiments, R 1The polyisobutylene group is a polyisobutylene group. In some preferred embodiments, the polyisobutylene group has an average molecular weight of about 350 to about 5000. In some preferred embodiments, the polyisobutylene group has an average molecular weight of about 150 to about 1250, such as about 200 to about 1200, about 300 to about 1100, about 400 to about 1000, about 500 to about 900, and about 600 to about 800. In some preferred embodiments, the polyisobutylene group has an average molecular weight of about 250 to about 1000, such as about 300 to about 900, about 400 to about 800, and about 500 to about 700.

[0022] In some preferred embodiments, the polyisobutylene groups have a number of about 500 to about 4000, such as about 600 to about 5000, about 700 to about 5000, about 800 to about 5000, about 900 to about 5000, about 1000 to about 5000, about 500 to about 4000, such as about 600 to about 4000, about 700 to about 4000, about 800 to about 4000, about 900 to about 4000, about 1000 to about 4000, about 1100 to about 4000, about 1200 to about 4000, about 1300 to about 4000, about 1400 to about 4000, about 1500 to about 4000, about 1600 to about 4000, about 1700 to about 4000. 00, approximately 1800 to approximately 4000, approximately 1900 to approximately 4000, approximately 2000 to approximately 4000, approximately 2100 to approximately 4000, approximately 2200 to approximately 4000, approximately 2300 to approximately 4000, approximately 2400 to approximately 4000, approximately 2500 to approximately 4000, approximately 2600 to approximately 4000, approximately 2700 to approximately 4000, approximately 2800 to approximately 4000, approximately 2900 to approximately 4000, approximately 3000 to approximately 4000, approximately 500 to approximately 3500, such as approximately 600 to approximately 3500, approximately 700 to approximately 3500, approximately 800 to approximately 3500, approximately 900 to approximately 3500, approximately 1000 to approximately 3500, approximately 1100 to approximately 3500, approximately 1200 to about 3500, about 1300 to about 3500, about 1400 to about 3500, about 1500 to about 3500, about 1600 to about 3500, about 1700 to about 3500, about 1800 to about 3500, about 1900 to about 3500, about 2000 to about 3500, about 2100 to about 3500, about 2200 to about 3500, about 2300 to about 3500, about 2400 to about 3500, about 2500 to about 3500, about 2600 to about 3500, about 2700 to about 3500, about 2800 to about 3500, about 2900 to about 3500, about 3000 to about 3500, about 500 to about 3000, such as about Average molecular weights of 600 to 3000, 700 to 3000, 800 to 3000, 900 to 3000, 1000 to 3000, 1100 to 3000, 1200 to 3000, 1300 to 3000, 1400 to 3000, 1500 to 3000, 1600 to 3000, 1700 to 3000, 1800 to 3000, 1900 to 3000, 2000 to 3000, 2100 to 3000, 2200 to 3000, 2300 to 3000, 2400 to 3000, and 2500 to 3000.

[0023] R 1Specific examples include the following: Where x is an integer such that the total number of carbons is 10 to 400 as described in this article.

[0024] X is a portion containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, such as 1 to 9, 1 to 8, 1 to 7, 1 to 6, 1 to 5, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, 1 to 2, 2 to 10, 2 to 9, 2 to 8, 2 to 7, 2 to 6, 2 to 5, 2 to 4, 2 to 3, 3 to 10, 3 to 9, 3 to 8, 3 to 7, 3 to 6, 3 to 5, 3 to 10, 4 to 9, 4 to 8, 4 to 7, 4 to 6, 4 to 5, 5 to 10, 5 to 9, 5 to 8, 5 to 7, 5 to 6, 6 to 10, 6 to 9, 6 to 8, 6 to 7, 7 to 10, 7 to 9, 7 to 8, 8 to 10, 8 to 9, or 9 to 10 carbon atoms.

[0025] Specific examples of X include the following: Examples of Y include, for example, the following: Each R 2 Independently, a portion containing 1 to 9 carbon atoms, such as 1 to 8, 1 to 7, 1 to 6, 1 to 5, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, 1 to 2, 2 to 9, 2 to 8, 2 to 7, 2 to 6, 2 to 5, 2 to 4, 2 to 3, 3 to 9, 3 to 7, 3 to 6, 3 to 5, 3 to 4, 4 to 9, 4 to 8, 4 to 7, 4 to 6, 4 to 5, 5 to 9, 5 to 8, 5 to 7, 5 to 6, 6 to 9, 6 to 8, 6 to 7, 7 to 9, 7 to 8, or 8 to 9 carbon atoms.

[0026] R 2 Suitable examples include, for instance, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon groups and straight-chain and branched alkyl groups.

[0027] R 2 Specific examples include the following: Z represents a nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur atom.

[0028] Each R 3Independently a hydrogen atom or a portion containing 1 to 9 carbon atoms, such as 1 to 8, 1 to 7, 1 to 6, 1 to 5, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, 1 to 2, 2 to 9, 2 to 8, 2 to 7, 2 to 6, 2 to 5, 2 to 4, 2 to 3, 3 to 9, 3 to 7, 3 to 6, 3 to 5, 4 to 8, 4 to 7, 4 to 6, 4 to 5, 5 to 9, 5 to 8, 5 to 7, 5 to 6, 6 to 9, 6 to 8, 6 to 7, 7 to 9, 7 to 8, or 8 to 9 carbon atoms. Each R 3 Some of them include one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur functionalizations.

[0029] R 3 Specific examples include the following: In some preferred embodiments, the lubricant additive may have the following general structure 2: Structure 2 Each R 1 Independently, it is a hydrocarbon group having 10 to 400 carbon atoms; Y is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each R 2 Each Z is independently a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms; each Z is independently nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each R 3 Z is independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 9 carbons and being functionalized with one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur (e.g., -NH2, -OH, etc.), wherein p is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 20, and m is 1 to 3. In some preferred embodiments, Z is nitrogen. In some preferred embodiments, Z is oxygen. In some preferred embodiments, Z is oxygen or nitrogen or both. In some embodiments, Y may contain one or more hydrogen atoms.

[0030] In some implementations, Y may contain one or more hydrogen atoms.

[0031] In some preferred embodiments, the lubricant additive may have the following general structure 3: Structure 3 Each R 1 Independently, it is a hydrocarbon group having 10 to 400 carbon atoms; each R 2 Each Z is independently a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 69 carbons; each Z is independently nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each R 3 It is independently hydrogen or has 1 to 9 carbons and one or more nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur functionalized hydrocarbon groups, wherein p is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 20 and m is 1 to 3.

[0032] Referring to the general structure disclosed in this paper, R 1 It can have 10 to 400 carbons, such as 10 to 380 carbons, 10 to 360 carbons, 10 to 340 carbons, 10 to 320 carbons, 10 to 300 carbons, 10 to 280 carbons, 10 to 260 carbons, 10 to 240 carbons, 10 to 220 carbons, 10 to 200 carbons, 10 to 180 carbons, 10 to 160 carbons, 10 to 140 carbons, 10 to 120 carbons, 10 to 100 carbons, 10 to 80 carbons, 10 to 60 carbons, 10 to 40 carbons, 10 to 20 carbons, 50 to 400 carbons, 50 to 380 carbons, 50 to 360 carbons, 50 to 340 carbons, 50 to 320 carbons, 50 to 300 carbons, 50 to 280 carbons, 50 to 260 carbons, 50 to 240 carbons, 50 to 220 carbons, 50 to 200 carbons, 50 to 180 carbons, 50 to 160 carbons, 50 to 140 carbons, 50 to 120 carbons, 50 to 100 carbons, 50 to 80 carbons, 50 to 60 carbons, 100 to 400 carbons, 100 to 380 carbons, 100 to 360 carbons, 100 to 340 carbons, 100 to 320 carbons, 100 to 300 carbons, 100 to 280 carbons, 100 to 260 carbons, 100 to 240 carbons, 100 to 220 carbons 100 to 200 carbons, 100 to 180 carbons, 100 to 160 carbons, 100 to 140 carbons, 100 to 120 carbons, 150 to 400 carbons, 150 to 380 carbons, 150 to 360 carbons, 150 to 340 carbons, 150 to 320 carbons, 150 to 300 carbons, 150 to 280 carbons, 150 to 260 carbons, 150 to 240 carbons, 150 to 220 carbons, 150 to 200 carbons, 150 to 180 carbons, 150 to 160 carbons, 200 to 400 carbons, 200 to 380 carbons, 200 to 360 carbons, 200 to 340 carbons 200 to 320 carbons, 200 to 300 carbons, 200 to 280 carbons, 200 to 260 carbons, 200 to 240 carbons, 200 to 220 carbons, 250 to 400 carbons, 250 to 380 carbons, 250 to 360 carbons, 250 to 340 carbons, 250 to 320 carbons, 250 to 300 carbons, 250 to 280 carbons, 250 to 260 carbons, 300 to 400 carbons, 300 to 380 carbons, 300 to 360 carbons, 300 to 340 carbons, 300 to 320 carbons, 350 to 400 carbons, 350 to 380 carbons, or 350 to 360 carbons.

[0033] Referring to the general structure disclosed herein, X can have 1 to 10 carbons, such as 1 to 9 carbons, 1 to 8 carbons, 1 to 7 carbons, 1 to 6 carbons, 1 to 5 carbons, 1 to 4 carbons, 1 to 3 carbons, 1 to 2 carbons, 2 to 10 carbons, 2 to 9 carbons, 2 to 8 carbons, 2 to 7 carbons, 2 to 6 carbons, 2 to 5 carbons, 2 to 4 carbons, 2 to 3 carbons, 3 to 10 carbons, 3 to 9 carbons, 3 to 8 carbons, 3 to 7 carbons, 3 to 6 carbons, 3 to 4 carbons, 2 to 3 carbons, 3 to 10 carbons, 3 to 9 carbons, 3 to 8 carbons, 3 to 7 carbons, 3 to 6 carbons, 3 to 7 carbons, 3 to 6 carbons, 3 to 10 carbons, 3 to 9 carbons, 3 to 8 ... Up to 5 carbons, 3 to 4 carbons, 4 to 10 carbons, 4 to 9 carbons, 4 to 8 carbons, 4 to 7 carbons, 4 to 6 carbons, 4 to 5 carbons, 5 to 10 carbons, 5 to 9 carbons, 5 to 8 carbons, 5 to 7 carbons, 5 to 6 carbons, 6 to 10 carbons, 6 to 9 carbons, 6 to 8 carbons, 6 to 7 carbons, 7 to 10 carbons, 7 to 9 carbons, 7 to 8 carbons, 8 to 10 carbons, 8 to 9 carbons, or 9 to 10 carbons.

[0034] Referring to the general structure disclosed herein, Y can have 1 to 9 carbons, such as 1 to 8 carbons, 1 to 7 carbons, 1 to 6 carbons, 1 to 5 carbons, 1 to 4 carbons, 1 to 3 carbons, 1 to 2 carbons, 2 to 9 carbons, 2 to 8 carbons, 2 to 7 carbons, 2 to 6 carbons, 2 to 5 carbons, 2 to 4 carbons, 2 to 3 carbons, 3 to 9 carbons, 3 to 8 carbons, 3 to 7 carbons, 3 to 6 carbons, 3 to 5 carbons, 3 to 4 carbons, 4 to 9 carbons, 4 to 8 carbons, 4 to 7 carbons, 4 to 6 carbons, 4 to 5 carbons, 5 to 9 carbons, 5 to 8 carbons, 5 to 7 carbons, 5 to 6 carbons, 6 to 9 carbons, 6 to 8 carbons, 6 to 7 carbons, 7 to 9 carbons, 7 to 8 carbons, or 8 to 9 carbons.

[0035] Referring to the general structure disclosed in this paper, R 1 It can have 1 to 9 carbons, such as 1 to 8 carbons, 1 to 7 carbons, 1 to 6 carbons, 1 to 5 carbons, 1 to 4 carbons, 1 to 3 carbons, 1 to 2 carbons, 2 to 9 carbons, 2 to 8 carbons, 2 to 7 carbons, 2 to 6 carbons, 2 to 5 carbons, 2 to 4 carbons, 2 to 3 carbons, 3 to 9 carbons, 3 to 8 carbons, 3 to 7 carbons, 3 to 6 carbons, 3 to 5 carbons, 3 to 4 carbons, 4 to 9 carbons, 4 to 8 carbons, 4 to 7 carbons, 4 to 6 carbons, 4 to 5 carbons, 5 to 9 carbons, 5 to 8 carbons, 5 to 7 carbons, 5 to 6 carbons, 6 to 9 carbons, 6 to 8 carbons, 6 to 7 carbons, 7 to 9 carbons, 7 to 8 carbons, or 8 to 9 carbons.

[0036] Referring to the general structure disclosed herein, p is 1 to 3, such as 1 to 2 or 2 to 3.

[0037] Referring to the general structure disclosed in this paper, n is 1 to 20, such as 1 to 19, 1 to 18, 1 to 17, 1 to 16, 1 to 15, 1 to 14, 1 to 13, 1 to 12, 1 to 11, 1 to 10, 1 to 9, 1 to 8, 1 to 7, 1 to 6, 1 to 5, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, 1 to 2, 2 to 20, 2 to 19, 2 to 18, 2 to 17, 2 to 16, 2 to 15, 2 to 14, 2 to 13, 2 to 12, 2 to 11, 2 to 10, 2 to 9, 2 to 8, 2 to 7, 2 to 6, 2 to 5, 2 to 4, 2 to 3, 3 to 20, 3 to 19, 3 to 18, 3 to 17, 3 to 16, 3 to 15, 3 to 14, 3 to 13, 3 to 12, 3 to 11, 3 to 10, 3 to 9, 3 3 to 8, 3 to 7, 3 to 6, 3 to 5, 3 to 4, 4 to 20, 4 to 19, 4 to 18, 4 to 17, 4 to 16, 4 to 15, 4 to 14, 4 to 13, 4 to 12, 4 to 11, 4 to 10, 4 to 9, 4 to 8, 4 to 7, 4 to 6, 4 to 5, 5 to 20, 5 to 19, 5 to 18, 5 to 17, 5 to 16, 5 to 15 5 to 14, 5 to 13, 5 to 12, 5 to 11, 5 to 10, 5 to 9, 5 to 8, 5 to 7, 5 to 6, 6 to 20, 6 to 19, 6 to 18, 6 to 17, 6 to 16, 6 to 15, 6 to 14, 6 to 13, 6 to 12, 6 to 11, 6 to 10, 6 to 9, 6 to 8, 6 to 7, 7 to 20, 7 to 19, 7 to 18 7 to 17, 7 to 16, 7 to 15, 7 to 14, 7 to 13, 7 to 12, 7 to 11, 7 to 10, 7 to 9, 7 to 8, 8 to 20, 8 to 19, 8 to 18, 8 to 17, 8 to 16, 8 to 15, 8 to 14, 8 to 13, 8 to 12, 8 to 11, 8 to 10, 8 to 9, 9 to 20, 9 to 19, 9 to 18 9 to 17, 9 to 16, 9 to 15, 9 to 14, 9 to 13, 9 to 12, 9 to 11, 9 to 10, 10 to 20, 10 to 19, 10 to 18, 10 to 17, 10 to 16, 10 to 15, 10 to 14, 10 to 13, 10 to 12, 10 to 11, 11 to 20, 11 to 19, 11 to 18, 11 to 17 11 to 16, 11 to 15, 11 to 14, 11 to 13, 11 to 12, 12 to 20, 12 to 19, 12 to 18, 12 to 17, 12 to 16, 12 to 15, 12 to 14, 12 to 13, 13 to 20, 13 to 19, 13 to 18, 13 to 17, 13 to 16, 13 to 15, 13 to 14, 14 To 20, 14 to 19, 14 to 18, 14 to 17, 14 to 16, 14 to 15, 15 to 20, 15 to 19, 15 to 18, 15 to 17, 15 to 16, 16 to 20, 16 to 19, 16 to 18, 16 to 17, 17 to 20, 17 to 19, 17 to 18, 18 to 20, 18 to 19 or 19 to 20.

[0038] Referring to the general structure disclosed herein, m is 1 to 3, such as 1 to 2 or 2 to 3.

[0039] Unless otherwise stated, all material concentrations disclosed in this application are based on “active substances”; that is, the reported concentrations do not include, for example, diluents or unreacted starting materials or intermediates.

[0040] When formulated into engine oil (i.e., lubricating oil composition), used as part of an aftermarket additive package during engine flushing, or used during quick cleaning services, the additive composition is typically present in a range from about 0.1% to about 50.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition (which may be a blend), such as about 1% by weight to about 50% by weight, about 5% by weight to about 50% by weight, about 10% by weight to about 50% by weight, about 15% by weight to about 50% by weight, about 20% by weight to about 50% by weight, about 25% by weight to about 50% by weight, about 30% by weight to about 50% by weight, about 35% by weight to about 50% by weight, about 40% by weight to about 50% by weight, about 45% by weight to about 50% by weight, about 0.1% by weight. By weight % to about 45% by weight, about 1% by weight to about 45% by weight, about 5% by weight to about 45% by weight, about 10% by weight to about 45% by weight, about 15% by weight to about 45% by weight, about 20% by weight to about 45% by weight, about 25% by weight to about 45% by weight, about 30% by weight to about 45% by weight, about 35% by weight to about 45% by weight, about 40% by weight to about 45% by weight, about 0.1% by weight to about 40% by weight, about 1% by weight to about 40% by weight, about 5% by weight to about 40% by weight, about 10% by weight to about 40% by weight, about 15% by weight to about 40% by weight, about 20% by weight to about 40% by weight, about 25% by weight to about 40% by weight, about 30% by weight to about 40% by weight, about 35% by weight From approximately 40 wt%, from approximately 0.1 wt% to approximately 35 wt%, from approximately 1 wt% to approximately 35 wt%, from approximately 5 wt% to approximately 35 wt%, from approximately 10 wt% to approximately 35 wt%, from approximately 15 wt% to approximately 35 wt%, from approximately 20 wt% to approximately 35 wt%, from approximately 25 wt% to approximately 35 wt%, from approximately 30 wt% to approximately 35 wt%, from approximately 0.1 wt% to approximately 30 wt%, from approximately 1 wt% to approximately 30 wt%, from approximately 5 wt% to approximately 30 wt%, from approximately 10 wt% to approximately 30 wt%, from approximately 15 wt% to approximately 30 wt%, from approximately 20 wt% to approximately 30 wt%, from approximately 25 wt% to approximately 30 wt%, from approximately 0.1 wt% to approximately 25 wt%, from approximately 1 wt% to approximately 25 wt%, from approximately 5 wt% to approximately 25 wt%. Amount % to about 25 wt%, about 10 wt% to about 25 wt%, about 15 wt% to about 25 wt%, and about 20 wt% to about 25 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 20.0 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 19.0 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 18.0 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 17.0 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 16.0 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 15.0 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 14.0 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 13.0 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 12.0 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 11.0 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 10.0 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 9.0 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 8.0 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 7.0 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 6.0 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 5.0 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 4.0 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 3.0 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 2.0 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 1.0 wt%, about 1.0 wt% to about 20.0 wt%, about 1.0 wt% to about 19.0 wt%, about 1.0 wt% to about 18.0 wt%, about 1.0 wt% to about 17.0 wt%, about 1.0 wt% to about 16.0 wt%, about 1.0 wt% to about 15.0 wt%, about 1.0 wt% to about 14.0 wt% %, about 1.0 wt% to about 13.0 wt%, about 1.0 wt% to about 12.0 wt%, about 1.0 wt% to about 11.0 wt%, about 1.0 wt% to about 10.0 wt%, about 1.0 wt% to about 9.0 wt%, about 1.0 wt% to about 8.0 wt%, about 1.0 wt% to about 7.0 wt%, about 1.0 wt% to about 6.0 wt%, about 1.0 wt% to about 5.0 wt%, about 1.0 wt% to about 4.0 wt%, about 1.0 wt% to about 3.0 wt%, about 1.0 wt% to about 2.0 wt%, about 2.0 wt% to about 20.0 wt%, about 2.0 wt% to about 19.0 wt%, about 2.0 wt% to about 18.0 wt%, about 2.0 wt% to about 17.0 wt%, about 2.0 wt% to about 16.0 wt%, about 2.0 wt% to about 15.0 wt%, about 2.0 wt% to about 14.0 wt%, about 2.0 wt% to about 13.0 wt%, about 2.0 wt% to about 12.0 wt%, about 2.0 wt% to about 11.0 wt%, about 2.0 wt% to about 10.0 wt%, about 2.0 wt% to about 9.0 wt%, about 2.0 wt% to about 8.0 wt%, about 2.0 wt% to about 7.0 wt%, about 2.0 wt% to about 6.0 wt%, about 2.0 wt% to about 5.0 wt%, about 2.0 wt% to about 4.0 wt%, about 2.0 wt% to about 3.0 wt%, about 3. 0 wt% to about 20.0 wt%, about 3.0 wt% to about 19.0 wt%, about 3.0 wt% to about 18.0 wt%, about 3.0 wt% to about 17.0 wt%, about 3.0 wt% to about 16.0 wt%, about 3.0 wt% to about 15.0 wt%, about 3.0 wt% to about 14.0 wt%, about 3.0 wt% to about 13.0 wt%, about 3.0 wt% to about 12.0 wt%, about 3.0 wt% to about 11.0 wt%, about 3.0 wt% to about 10.0 wt%, about 3.0 wt% to about 9.0 wt%, about 3.0 wt% to about 8.0 wt%, about 3.0 wt% to about 7.0 wt%, about 3.0 wt% to about 6.0 wt%, about 3.0 wt% to about 5.0 wt%, about 3.0 wt% to about 4.0 wt%, about 4.0 wt% to about 20.0 wt%, about 5.0 wt% to about 20.0 wt%, about 5.0 wt% to about 19.0 wt%, about 5.0 wt% to about 18.0 wt%, about 5.0 wt% to about 17.0 wt%, about 5.0 wt% to about 16.0 wt%, about 5.0 wt% to about 15.0 wt%, about 5.0 wt% to about 14.0 wt%, about 5.0 wt% to about 13.0 wt%, about 5.0 wt% to about 12.0 wt%, about 5.0 wt% to about 11.0 wt%, about 5.0 wt% to about 10.0 wt%, about 5.0 wt% to about 9.0 wt%, about 5.0 wt% to about 8.0 wt%, about 5.0 wt% to about 7.0 wt%, about 5.0 wt% to about 6.0 wt%, about 6.0 wt% to about 20.0 wt%, about 6.0 wt% to about 19.0 wt%, about 6.0 wt% to about 18.0 wt%, about 6.0 wt% to about 17.0 wt%, about 6.0 wt% to about 16.0 wt%, about 6.0 wt% to about 15.0 wt%, about 6.0 wt% to about 14.0 wt%, about 6.0 wt% to about 13.0 wt%, about 6.0 wt% to about 12.0 wt%, about 6.0 wt% to about 11.0 wt%, about 6.0 wt% to about 10.0 wt%, about 6.0 wt% to about 9.0 wt%. About 6.0 wt% to about 8.0 wt%, about 6.0 wt% to about 7.0 wt%, about 7.0 wt% to about 20.0 wt%, about 7.0 wt% to about 19.0 wt%, about 7.0 wt% to about 18.0 wt%, about 7.0 wt% to about 17.0 wt%, about 7.0 wt% to about 16.0 wt%, about 7.0 wt% to about 15.0 wt%, about 7.0 wt% to about 14.0 wt%, about 7.0 wt% to about 13.0 wt%, about 7.0 wt% to about 12.0 wt%, about 7.0 wt% to about 11.0 wt%, about 7.0 wt% to about 10.0 wt%, about 7.0 wt% to about 9.0 wt%, about 7.0 wt% to about 8.0 wt%. Approximately 8.0 wt% to approximately 20.0 wt%, approximately 8.0 wt% to approximately 19.0 wt%, approximately 8.0 wt% to approximately 18.0 wt%, approximately 8.0 wt% to approximately 17.0 wt%, approximately 8.0 wt% to approximately 16.0 wt%, approximately 8.0 wt% to approximately 15.0 wt%, approximately 8.0 wt% to approximately 14.0 wt%, approximately 8.0 wt% to approximately 13.0 wt%, approximately 8.0 wt% to approximately 12.0 wt%, approximately 8.0 wt% to approximately 11.0 wt%, approximately 8.0 wt% to approximately 10.0 wt%, approximately 8.0 wt% to approximately 9.0 wt%, approximately 9.0 wt% to approximately 20.0 wt%, approximately 9.0 wt% to approximately 19.0 wt%, approximately 9.0 wt% to approximately 18.0 wt%.0% by weight, about 9.0% by weight to about 17.0% by weight, about 9.0% by weight to about 16.0% by weight, about 9.0% by weight to about 15.0% by weight, about 9.0% by weight to about 14.0% by weight, about 9.0% by weight to about 13.0% by weight, about 9.0% by weight to about 12.0% by weight, about 9.0% by weight to about 11.0% by weight, about 9.0% by weight to about 10.0% by weight, about 10.0% by weight to about 20.0% by weight, about 10.0% by weight to about 19.0% by weight, about 10.0% by weight to about 18.0% by weight, about 10.0% by weight to about 17.0% by weight, about 10.0% by weight to about 16.0% by weight, about 10.0% by weight to about 15.0% by weight, about 10.0 wt% to to 14.0 wt%, about 10.0 wt% to to 13.0 wt%, about 10.0 wt% to to 12.0 wt%, about 10.0 wt% to to 11.0 wt%, about 11.0 wt% to to 20.0 wt%, about 11.0 wt% to to 19.0 wt%, about 11.0 wt% to to 18.0 wt%, about 11.0 wt% to to 17.0 wt%, about 11.0 wt% to to 16.0 wt%, about 11.0 wt% to to 15.0 wt%, about 11.0 wt% to to 14.0 wt%, about 11.0 wt% to to 13.0 wt%, about 11.0 wt% to to 12.0 wt%, about 12.0 wt% to to 20.0 wt%. Approximately 12.0 wt% to approximately 19.0 wt%, approximately 12.0 wt% to approximately 18.0 wt%, approximately 12.0 wt% to approximately 17.0 wt%, approximately 12.0 wt% to approximately 16.0 wt%, approximately 12.0 wt% to approximately 15.0 wt%, approximately 12.0 wt% to approximately 14.0 wt%, approximately 12.0 wt% to approximately 13.0 wt%, approximately 13.0 wt% to approximately 20.0 wt%, approximately 13.0 wt% to approximately 19.0 wt%, approximately 13.0 wt% to approximately 18.0 wt%, approximately 13.0 wt% to approximately 17.0 wt%, approximately 13.0 wt% to approximately 16.0 wt%, approximately 13.0 wt% to approximately 15.0 wt%, approximately 13.0 wt% to approximately 14.0 wt%. Weight%, about 14.0% to about 20.0% by weight, about 14.0% to about 19.0% by weight, about 14.0% to about 18.0% by weight, about 14.0% to about 17.0% by weight, about 14.0% to about 16.0% by weight, about 14.0% to about 15.0% by weight, about 15.0% to about 20.0% by weight, about 15.0% to about 19.0% by weight, about 15.0% to about 18.0% by weight, about 15.0% to about 17.0% by weight, about 15.0% to about 16.0% by weight, about 16.0% to about 20.0% by weight, about 16.0% to about 19.0% by weight, about 16.0% to about 18.0% by weight.It is present at concentrations of 0% by weight, about 16.0% by weight to about 17.0% by weight, about 17.0% by weight to about 20.0% by weight, about 17.0% by weight to about 19.0% by weight, about 17.0% by weight to about 18.0% by weight, about 18.0% by weight to about 20.0% by weight, about 18.0% by weight to about 19.0% by weight, or about 19.0% by weight to about 20.0% by weight.

[0041] In some embodiments, the additive is present in amounts from about 0.1% to about 4.5% by weight, such as about 0.5% to about 4.0% by weight, about 0.5% to about 3.5% by weight, about 0.5% to about 3.0% by weight, about 0.5% to about 2.5% by weight, about 0.5% to about 2.0% by weight, about 0.5% to about 1.5% by weight, about 0.5% to about 1.0% by weight, about 1.0% to about 5.0% by weight, or about 1.0% to about 4% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. 5% by weight, about 1.0% by weight to about 4.0% by weight, about 1.0% by weight to about 3.5% by weight, about 1.0% by weight to about 3.0% by weight, about 1.0% by weight to about 2.5% by weight, about 1.0% by weight to about 2.0% by weight, about 1.0% by weight to about 1.5% by weight, about 1.5% by weight to about 5.0% by weight, about 1.5% by weight to about 4.5% by weight, about 1.5% by weight to about 4.0% by weight, about 1.5% by weight to about 3.5% by weight, about 1.5% by weight to about 3.0% by weight, about 1%. 5 wt% to about 2.5 wt%, about 1.5 wt% to about 2.0 wt%, about 2.0 wt% to about 5.0 wt%, about 2.0 wt% to about 4.5 wt%, about 2.0 wt% to about 4.0 wt%, about 2.0 wt% to about 3.5 wt%, about 2.0 wt% to about 3.0 wt%, about 2.0 wt% to about 2.5 wt%, about 2.5 wt% to about 5.0 wt%, about 2.5 wt% to about 4.5 wt%, about 2.5 wt% to about 4.0 wt%, about 2.5 wt% to about 3. It is present in 0.5 wt%, about 2.5 wt% to about 3.0 wt%, about 3.0 wt% to about 5.0 wt%, about 3.0 wt% to about 4.5 wt%, about 3.0 wt% to about 4.0 wt%, about 3.0 wt% to about 3.5 wt%, about 3.5 wt% to about 5.0 wt%, about 3.5 wt% to about 4.5 wt%, about 3.5 wt% to about 4.0 wt%, about 4.0 wt% to about 5.0 wt%, about 4.0 wt% to about 4.5 wt%, or about 4.5 wt% to about 5.0 wt%.

[0042] Specific, non-limiting examples of lubricant additive compositions include the following: synthesis Lubricant additive compositions can be synthesized by any compatible method.

[0043] Other derivative reactions can also be considered, such as derivative reactions between any of the lubricant additive compounds and suitable reagents, such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butane oxide, vinyl ethylene oxide, diglycidyl ether, acrylonitrile, ammonia, etc.

[0044] lubricating oil The lubricating oil compositions of the present invention comprise one or more base oils. These include, for example, Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV, or Group V base oils, as well as bio-based base oils. Examples of suitable bio-based base oils are described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 20230167378, which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0045] Base oils can be manufactured using various methods, including but not limited to distillation, solvent refining, hydrogen processing, oligomerization, esterification, and refining. Refined oils should be substantially free of materials introduced through manufacturing, contamination, or prior use. The base oil of the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention can be any natural or synthetic lubricating base oil. Suitable hydrocarbon synthetic oils include, but are not limited to, oils prepared by ethylene polymerization, or oils prepared by 1-olefin polymerization to provide polymers (such as polyalphaolefins or PAO oils), or oils prepared by hydrocarbon synthesis processes using carbon monoxide and hydrogen (such as in the Fischer-Tropsch process).

[0046] In addition, the one or more base oils may include base oils from the same class (e.g., Group II Chevron Neutral Oil 600R®, Group II Chevron Neutral Oil 220R®, and Group II Chevron Neutral Oil 100R®). The amount of base oil is about 50% by weight or more (“major amount”) based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0047] A lubricating viscosity oil (sometimes referred to as a "base oil" or "base oil") is the main liquid component of a lubricant. Additives and possibly other oils are blended into the main liquid component, for example, to produce the final lubricant (or lubricant composition). The base oils that can be used to prepare concentrates and lubricant compositions thereof can be selected from natural (vegetable, animal, or mineral) lubricating oils and synthetic lubricating oils and mixtures thereof.

[0048] The oil used as the base oil is selected or blended according to the desired end use and the additives in the finished oil to obtain the desired grade of engine oil, such as a lubricant composition with a Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) grade. In one embodiment, the lubricant composition is a multi-grade oil for heavy-duty vehicles or passenger cars. The multi-grade oil may have the following SAE viscosity grades: 0W-20, 0W-26, 0W-30, 0W-40, 0W-50, 0W-60, 5W, 5W-20, 5W-30, 5W-40, 5W-50, 5W-60, 10W, 10W-20, 10W-30, 10W-40, 10W-50, 15W, 15W-20, 15W-30, or 15W-40.

[0049] The definitions of base oils and base oils in this disclosure are the same as those in Appendix E of American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1509 (“API Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines for Passenger Car Motor Oils and Diesel Engine Oils,” December 2016). Using the test methods specified in Table E-1, Group I base oils contain less than 90% saturated hydrocarbons and / or more than 0.03% sulfur, and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 80 and less than 120. Using the test methods specified in Table E-1, Group II base oils contain more than or equal to 90% saturated hydrocarbons and less than or equal to 0.03% sulfur, and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 80 and less than 120. Using the test methods specified in Table E-1, Group III base oils contain more than or equal to 90% saturated hydrocarbons and less than or equal to 0.03% sulfur, and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 120. Group IV base oils are polyalphaolefins (PAO). Category V base oils include all other base oils not included in Categories I, II, III, or IV.

[0050] Natural oils include animal fats, vegetable oils (e.g., castor oil and lard), and mineral oils. Animal and vegetable oils with good thermal oxidative stability can be used. Among natural oils, mineral oils are preferred. Mineral oils vary considerably regarding their crude oil source (e.g., whether they are alkanes, cycloalkanes, or a mixture of alkanes and cycloalkanes). Oils derived from coal or shale are also useful. Natural oils also vary regarding the methods used for their production and purification (e.g., their distillation range) and whether they are straight-run or cracked, hydrorefined, or solvent-extracted.

[0051] Synthetic oils include hydrocarbon oils. Hydrocarbon oils include oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins (e.g., polybutene, polypropylene, propylene-isobutylene copolymers, ethylene-olefin copolymers, and ethylene-alpha olefin copolymers). Polyalpha olefin (PAO) oil base stocks are commonly used synthetic hydrocarbon oils. For example, oils derived from C8 to C999 can be used. 14 Alkenes, such as C8, C6, and C76, are also known as alkenes. 10 C 12 C 14 PAO of olefins or mixtures thereof.

[0052] Other useful fluids used as base oils include non-conventional or unconventional base oils that have been processed (preferably catalytically processed) or synthesized to provide high-performance properties.

[0053] Unconventional or superconducting base oils / base oils include one or more of the following: mixtures of base oils derived from one or more natural gas liquefaction (GTL) materials; isomer / isodewaxate base oils derived from natural waxes or waxy feedstocks; mineral and / or non-mineral waxy feedstocks such as loose waxes; natural waxes and waxy feedstocks such as gas oils; waxy fuel hydrocracker bottom residues; waxy residues; hydrocracking products; thermal cracking products; or other mineral, mineral oil, or even non-petroleum-derived waxy materials such as waxy materials obtained from coal liquefaction or shale oil; and mixtures of such base oils. Other base oils include coal-to-liquids (CTL) products and alkylnaphthalenes.

[0054] The base oil used in the lubricating oil compositions of this disclosure is any one of the various oils corresponding to API Group I, II, III, IV and V oils and mixtures thereof, preferably API Group II, III, IV and V oils and mixtures thereof.

[0055] In some embodiments, the high temperature shear (HTHS) viscosity of the lubricating oil composition at 150°C may be at least 2.6 cP, such as at least 2.7 cP, at least 2.8 cP, or at least 2.9 cP.

[0056] Typically, the kinematic viscosity (ASTM D445) of a base oil or combination of base oils at 100°C can range from 2.5 to 50 mm. 2 / s, such as 2.5 to 50 mm 2 / s, 2.5 to 45 mm 2 / s, 2.5 to 40 mm 2 / s, 2.5 to 35 mm 2 / s, 2.5 to 30 mm 2 / s, 2.5 to 25 mm 2 / s, 2.5 to 20 mm 2 / s, 2.5 to 15 mm 2 / s, 2.5 to 12 mm 2 / s, 2.5 to 11 mm 2 / s, 2.5 to 10mm 2 / s, 2.5 to 9 mm 2 / s, 2.5 to 8 mm 2 / s, 2.5 to 7 mm 2 / s, 2.5 to 6 mm 2 / s, 2.5 to 5 mm 2 / s, 2.5 to 4mm 2 / s, 3 to 45 mm 2 / s, 3 to 40, 3 to 35, 3 to 30, 3 to 25, 3 to 20, 3 to 15, 3 to 11 mm 2 / s, 3 to 10 mm 2 / s, 3 to 9 mm 2 / s, 3 to 8 mm 2 / s, 3 to 7 mm 2 / s, 3 to 6 mm 2 / s, 3 to 5 mm 2 / s, 3 to 4 mm 2 / s, 4 to 50 mm 2 / s, 4 to 45 mm 2 / s, 4 to 40 mm 2 / s, 4 to 35 mm 2 / s, 4 to 30 mm 2 / s, 4 to 25 mm 2 / s, 4 to 20 mm 2 / s, 4 to 15mm 2 / s, 4 to 12 mm 2 / s, 4 to 11 mm 2 / s, 4 to 10 mm 2 / s, 4 to 9 mm 2 / s, 4 to 8 mm 2 / s, 4 to 7 mm 2 / s, 4 to 6mm 2 / s, 4 to 5 mm 2 / s, 5 to 50 mm 2 / s, 5 to 45 mm 2 / s, 5 to 40 mm 2 / s, 5 to 35 mm 2 / s, 5 to 30 mm 2 / s, 5 to 25 mm 2 / s, 5 to 20 mm 2 / s, 5 to 15 mm 2 / s, 5 to 12 mm 2 / s, 5 to 11 mm 2 / s, 5 to 10 mm 2 / s, 5 to 9mm 2 / s, 5 to 8 mm 2 / s, 5 to 7 mm 2 / s, 5 to 6 mm 2 / s, 6 to 50 mm 2 / s, 6 to 45 mm 2 / s, 6 to 40 mm 2 / s, 6 to 35 mm 2 / s, 6 to 30 mm 2 / s, 6 to 25 mm 2 / s, 6 to 20 mm 2 / s, 6 to 15 mm 2 / s, 6 to 12 mm 2 / s, 6 to 11 mm 2 / s, 6 to 10 mm 2 / s, 6 to 9 mm 2 / s, 6 to 8 mm 2 / s, 6 to 7 mm 2 / s, 7 to 50 mm 2 / s, 7 to 45 mm 2 / s, 7 to 40mm 2 / s, 7 to 35 mm 2 / s, 7 to 30 mm 2 / s, 7 to 25 mm 2 / s, 7 to 20 mm 2 / s, 7 to 15 mm 2 / s, 7 to 12 mm 2 / s, 7 to 11 mm 2 / s, 7 to 10 mm 2 / s, 7 to 9 mm 2 / s, 7 to 10 mm 2 / s, 7 to 9 mm 2 / s, 7 to 8 mm 2 / s, 8 to 50 mm 2 / s, 8 to 45 mm 2 / s, 8 to 40 mm 2 / s, 8 to 35 mm 2 / s, 8 to 30 mm 2 / s, 8 to 25 mm 2 / s, 8 to 20 mm 2 / s, 8 to 15mm 2 / s, 8 to 12 mm 2 / s, 8 to 11 mm 2 / s, 8 to 10 mm 2 / s, 8 to 9 mm 2 / s, 9 to 50 mm 2 / s, 9 to 45 mm 2 / s, 9 to 40 mm 2 / s, 9 to 35 mm 2 / s, 9 to 30 mm 2 / s, 9 to 25 mm 2 / s, 9 to 20 mm 2 / s, 9 to 15 mm 2 / s, 9 to 12mm 2 / s, 9 to 11 mm 2 / s, 9 to 10 mm 2 / s, 10 to 50 mm 2 / s, 10 to 45 mm 2 / s, 10 to 40 mm 2 / s, 10 to 35mm 2 / s, 10 to 30 mm 2 / s, 10 to 25 mm 2 / s, 10 to 20 mm 2 / s, 10 to 15 mm 2 / s, 10 to 12 mm 2 / s, 10 to 11mm 2 / s, 11 to 50 mm 2 / s, 11 to 45 mm 2 / s, 11 to 40 mm 2 / s, 11 to 35 mm 2 / s, 11 to 30 mm 2 / s, 11 to 25mm 2 / s, 11 to 20 mm 2 / s, 11 to 15 mm 2 / s or 11 to 12 mm 2 Within the range of / s.

[0057] Other additives The lubricating oil compositions of the present invention may also contain conventional additives for imparting auxiliary functions, to obtain finished lubricating oil compositions in which these additives are dispersed or dissolved. For example, the lubricating oil compositions may be blended with antioxidants, ashless dispersants, anti-wear agents, cleaning agents (such as metal cleaners), rust inhibitors, defoamers, demulsifiers, friction modifiers, metal deactivators, pour point depressants, viscosity modifiers, defoamers, cosolvents, packaging compatibilizers, corrosion inhibitors, dyes, extreme pressure agents, and mixtures thereof. Many additives are known and commercially available. These additives or similar compounds may be used to prepare the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention through conventional blending procedures.

[0058] When used, each of the aforementioned additives is used in a functionally effective amount to impart the desired properties to the lubricant. Therefore, for example, if the additive is an ashless dispersant, the functionally effective amount of such an ashless dispersant will be sufficient to impart the desired dispersive properties to the lubricant. Generally, unless otherwise specified, when used, the concentration of each of these additives can range from about 0.001 wt% to about 20 wt%, such as from about 0.01 wt% to about 10 wt%.

[0059] preparation Typically, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, the sulfur level in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is less than or equal to about 0.7 wt%, for example, a sulfur level of about 0.01 wt% to about 0.70 wt%, 0.01 wt% to 0.6 wt%, 0.01 wt% to 0.5 wt%, 0.01 wt% to 0.4 wt%, 0.01 wt% to 0.3 wt%, 0.01 wt% to 0.2 wt%, and 0.01 wt% to 0.10 wt%. In one embodiment, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, the sulfur level in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is less than or equal to about 0.60 wt%, less than or equal to about 0.50 wt%, less than or equal to about 0.40 wt%, less than or equal to about 0.30 wt%, less than or equal to about 0.20 wt%, and less than or equal to about 0.10 wt%.

[0060] In one embodiment, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition, the phosphorus level in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is less than or equal to about 0.06 wt% to about 0.12 wt%, such as 0.06 wt% to 0.11 wt%, 0.06 wt% to 0.10 wt%, 0.00 wt% to 0.09 wt%, 0.06 wt% to 0.08 wt%, 0.06 wt% to 0.07 wt%, 0.07 wt% to 0.12 wt%, 0.07 wt% to 0.11 wt%, 0.07 wt% to 0.10 wt%, 0. 0.07 wt% to 0.09 wt%, 0.07 wt% to 0.08 wt%, 0.08 wt% to 0.12 wt%, 0.08 wt% to 0.11 wt%, 0.08 wt% to 0.10 wt%, 0.08 wt% to 0.09 wt%, 0.09 wt% to 0.12 wt%, 0.09 wt% to 0.11 wt%, 0.09 wt% to 0.10 wt%, 0.10 wt% to 0.12 wt%, 0.10 wt% to 0.11 wt%, or 0.11 wt% to 0.12 wt%.

[0061] In one implementation scheme, such as by ASTM D As determined by 874, the level of sulfated ash produced by the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is from about 0.80 wt% to about 1.60 wt%, such as 0.80 wt% to 1.50 wt%, 0.80 wt% to about 1.40 wt%, 0.80 wt% to 1.30 wt%, 0.80 wt% to 1.20 wt%, 0.80 wt% to 1.10 wt%, 0.80 wt% to 1.00 wt%, 0.80 wt% to 0.90 wt%, 0.90 wt% to 1.60 wt%, 0.90 wt% to 1.50 wt%, 0.90 wt% to 1.40 wt%, 0.90 wt% to 1.30 wt%, 0.90 wt% to 1.20 wt%, 0.90 wt% to 1.10 wt%, 0.90 wt% to 1.00 wt%, 1.00 wt% to 1.60 wt%, and 1.00 wt% to 1.50 wt%. %, 1.00 wt% to 1.40 wt%, 1.00 wt% to 1.30 wt%, 1.00 wt% to 1.20 wt%, 1.00 wt% to 1.10 wt%, 1.10 wt% to 1.60 wt%, 1.10 wt% to 1.50 wt%, 1.10 wt% to 1.40 wt%, 1.10 wt% to 1.30 wt%, 1.10 wt% to 1.20 wt%, 1.20 wt% Up to 1.60 wt%, 1.20 wt% to 1.50 wt%, 1.20 wt% to 1.40 wt%, 1.20 wt% to 1.30 wt%, 1.30 wt% to 1.60 wt%, 1.30 wt% to 1.50 wt%, 1.30 wt% to 1.40 wt%, 1.40 wt% to 1.60 wt%, 1.40 wt% to 1.50 wt%, or 1.50 wt% to 1.60 wt%.

[0062] Suitablely, the lubricating oil composition of the present invention may have a total base number (TBN) of 4 to 15 mg KOH / g (e.g., 5 to 12 mg KOH / g, 6 to 12 mg KOH / g or 8 to 12 mg KOH / g).

[0063] The following non-limiting embodiments illustrate the present invention. A brief description of how to prepare the embodiments is provided.

[0064] Example Baseline formulation The baseline formulation is an SAE 5W-40 viscosity grade lubricating oil composition, which is prepared by blending the following components: a) Calcium borate sulfonate b) Highly alkaline calcium phenol c) ZnDTP d) Highly alkaline calcium sulfonate e) Antioxidants f) Ethylene-propylene viscosity modifier The remainder of the lubricating oil composition includes small amounts of foam inhibitors, pour point depressants, and a mixture of Group III base oils with KV 100 of 4 cSt and KV 100 of 6 cSt.

[0065] Comparative Example 1 The following components were added to the baseline formulation to produce Comparative Example 1: 4.6% by weight EC-treated succinimide Embodiment 1 of the present invention The following components were added to the baseline formulation to produce Example 2 of the present invention: 3.4% by weight EC-treated succinimide 1.9% by weight of compound 1 Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry (PDSC) Test In PDSC testing, the oxidative stability of the test oil is measured by detecting the exothermic energy released during forced auto-oxidation. The test oil is maintained at 180°C under an oxygen pressure of 500 psi. The time required to reach auto-oxidation is a measure of antioxidant capacity and is referred to as the oxidation induction time.

[0066] Weigh a small amount of test oil into a sample pan and place it in the test cell. Heat the cell to a specific temperature and then pressurize it with oxygen. Maintain the cell at the regulated temperature and pressure until an exothermic reaction occurs. Measure the extrapolated onset time and report it as the oxidation induction time of the lubricating oil at the specified test temperature.

[0067] TEOST MHT4 test The TEOST MH4 test is designed to predict the deposit formation trend of engine oil in the piston rings and upper piston crown region. This test measures the mass of deposits formed in the form of a thin film on a specially constructed test rod exposed to 8.5g of engine oil repeatedly passed through it under oxidizing and catalytic conditions at 285°C.

[0068] The deposit formation tendency of engine oil under oxidizing conditions was determined by circulating an oil-catalyst mixture containing a small amount (8.4 g) of oil sample and a very small amount (0.1 g) of organometallic catalyst. The mixture was circulated for 24 hours at the hottest point on a dedicated wire-wound depositing rod heated to 285°C by electric current in a TEOST MHT instrument. The rod was weighed before and after the test. Deposits that detached from the depositing rod and entered the oil were filtered and weighed. The total deposits were calculated as the sum of the weights of deposits on the depositing rod and the filter.

[0069] Table 1

[0070] Baseline Formulation 2 The second baseline formulation is an SAE 5W-30 viscosity grade lubricating oil composition, which is prepared by blending the following components: a) Calcium borate sulfonate b) Highly alkaline calcium phenol c) ZnDTP d) Highly alkaline calcium sulfonate e) Antioxidants f) Foam inhibitors and pour point lowerers g) Ethylene-propylene viscosity modifier Comparative Example 2 The following components were added to the second baseline formulation to produce Comparative Example 2: 6% by weight EC-treated succinimide + 2% by weight base oil Embodiment 2 of the present invention The following components were added to the second baseline formulation to produce Example 2 of the present invention: 6% by weight EC-treated succinimide 2% by weight of the following compounds: Embodiment 3 of the present invention The following components were added to the second baseline formulation to produce Example 3 of the present invention: 6% by weight EC-treated succinimide 2% by weight of the following compounds: Lubricating oil samples were prepared and their oxidation properties were tested via an oxidation deposit test (ODT). ODT is a deposit bench test that generates deposits by splashing heated oil onto a heated metal plate at specified intervals and for a specified duration. This test is described in more detail in U.S. Patent No. 8,549,897, which is hereby incorporated by reference.

[0071] For the sake of brevity, this document only explicitly discloses certain ranges. However, a range starting from any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to enumerate ranges not explicitly listed, and a range starting from any lower limit can be combined with any other lower limit to enumerate ranges not explicitly listed, just as a range starting from any upper limit can be combined with any other upper limit to enumerate ranges not explicitly listed. Furthermore, each point or individual value within a range is included, even if not explicitly listed. Therefore, each point or individual value can act as its own lower or upper limit to be combined with any other point or individual value or any other lower or upper limit to enumerate ranges not explicitly listed.

[0072] Similarly, the term "comprising" is considered synonymous with the term "including". Likewise, whenever a composition, an element, or a group of elements is preceded by the transitional phrase "comprising", it should be understood that we also consider the same composition or group of elements that is preceded by the transitional phrase "substantially composed of", "composed of", "selected from the group consisting of", or "is" before the description of the composition, an element, or multiple elements, and vice versa.

[0073] As used herein, the terms “a” and “the” should be understood to encompass both plural and singular forms.

[0074] All terms have been defined above. If a term used in the claims is not defined above, the broadest definition that a person skilled in the art has given to that term, as reflected in at least one printed publication or granted patent, shall be given. Furthermore, all patents, test procedures, and other documents referenced in this application are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, provided that such disclosure does not contradict this application and is applicable in all jurisdictions where such incorporation is permitted.

[0075] The foregoing description of this disclosure exemplifies and describes this disclosure. Furthermore, this disclosure shows and describes only preferred embodiments, but as mentioned above, it should be understood that this disclosure is adaptable to various other combinations, modifications, and environments, and can be altered or modified within the scope of the concepts set forth herein, commensurate with the foregoing teachings and / or the skills or knowledge in the relevant fields. While the foregoing relates to embodiments of this disclosure, other and additional embodiments of this disclosure may be devised without departing from the essential scope of this disclosure, which is defined by the appended claims.

[0076] It should be understood that when combinations, subsets, groups, etc. of elements are disclosed (e.g., combinations of components in a composition, or combinations of steps in a method), each of these elements is specifically considered and described herein, although specific references to each of the various individual and collective combinations and arrangements of these elements may not be explicitly disclosed.

[0077] The embodiments described above are further intended to explain the known best mode of practice and to enable others skilled in the art to utilize this disclosure in such or other embodiments, as well as with various modifications required for a particular application or use. Therefore, the description is not intended to limit it to the form disclosed herein. Furthermore, the appended claims are intended to be construed as including alternative embodiments.

Claims

1. A lubricating oil composition, said lubricating oil composition comprising: The main amount of base oil; and Lubricant additives with the following structures: Each R 1 Independently, X is a hydrocarbon group having 10 to 400 carbons; X is an alkyl, aryl, or heteroaromatic group having 1 to 10 carbons; Y is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each R 2 Independently, each Z is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms; each Z is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each R 3 It is independently hydrogen or has 1 to 9 carbons and one or more nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur functionalized hydrocarbon groups, wherein p is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 20 and m is 1 to 3.

2. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1, wherein the lubricant additive is present in an amount of about 0.1 to about 50.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

3. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1, wherein R 1 It is a polyalkyl group.

4. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1, wherein R 1 It is a polyisobutylene group.

5. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1, further comprising a succinimide dispersant.

6. The lubricating composition of claim 1, wherein the lubricant additive is present in an amount of about 0.1 to about 50.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

7. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1, wherein the lubricant additive has the following general structure: Each R 1 Independently, it is a hydrocarbon group having 10 to 400 carbon atoms; Y is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each R 2 Independently, each Z is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms; each Z is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each R 3 It is independently hydrogen or has 1 to 6 carbons and one or more nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur functionalized hydrocarbon groups, wherein p is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 20 and m is 1 to 3.

8. A method of lubricating an engine, the method comprising lubricating the engine with a lubricating oil composition, the lubricating oil composition comprising: The main amount of base oil; and Lubricant additives with the following structures: Each R 1 Independently, it is a hydrocarbon group having 10 to 400 carbons; X is an alkyl, aryl, or heteroaromatic group having 1 to 10 carbons; Y is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; R 2 Independently, it is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms; each Z is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and R 3 It is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbons and having one or more nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur functionalized hydrocarbon groups, wherein p is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 20 and m is 1 to 3.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the lubricant additive is present in an amount of about 0.1 to about 50.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein R 1 It is a polyalkyl group.

11. The method of claim 8, wherein R 1 It is a polyisobutylene group.

12. The method of claim 8, further comprising a succinimide dispersant.

13. The method of claim 8, wherein the lubrication of the engine improves deposit control or oxidation resistance in the engine.

14. The method of claim 8, wherein the lubricant additive has the following general structure: Each R 1 Independently, it is a hydrocarbon group having 10 to 400 carbon atoms; Y is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each R 2 Independently, each Z is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms; each Z is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each R 3 It is independently hydrogen or has 1 to 6 carbons and one or more nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur functionalized hydrocarbon groups, wherein p is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 20 and m is 1 to 3.

15. A method for improving piston cleanliness or oxidation inhibition in an engine, the method comprising lubricating the engine with a lubricating oil composition comprising: The main amount of base oil; and Lubricant additives with the following structures: Each R 1 Independently, it is a hydrocarbon group having 10 to 400 carbons; X is an alkyl, aryl, or heteroaromatic group having 1 to 10 carbons; Y is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; R 2 Independently, it is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms; each Z is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and R 3 It is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 9 carbons and having one or more nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur functionalized hydrocarbon groups, wherein p is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 20 and m is 1 to 3.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the lubricant additive is present in about 0.1 to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein R 1 It is a polyalkyl group.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein R 1 It is a polyisobutylene group.

19. The method of claim 15, further comprising a succinimide dispersant.

20. The method of claim 15, wherein the lubricant additive has the following general structure: Each R 1 Independently, it is a hydrocarbon group having 10 to 400 carbon atoms; Y is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; each R 2 Independently, each Z is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms; each Z is nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; and each R 3 It is independently hydrogen or has 1 to 6 carbons and one or more nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur functionalized hydrocarbon groups, wherein p is 1 to 3, n is 1 to 20 and m is 1 to 3.

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