A hydraulically driven fertilizer pump and its working method

Abstract

This invention provides a hydraulically driven fertilizer pump and its operating method, relating to the field of agricultural equipment. It includes a drive section and a fertilizer suction section. The fertilizer suction section includes a fertilizer suction check valve, a fertilizer suction chamber, and a drive piston. The drive section drives the drive piston to reciprocate along the fertilizer suction chamber. A fertilizer suction check valve is provided at the inlet end of the fertilizer suction chamber. During the downward movement of the drive piston, the fertilizer suction check valve draws in liquid, which then enters the fertilizer suction chamber. During the upward movement of the drive piston, the liquid in the fertilizer suction chamber enters the drive chamber. The drive chamber is located at the outlet end of the fertilizer suction chamber. This invention uses water flow to drive an impeller, which is then converted into piston reciprocating motion via a bevel gear and crank-connecting rod mechanism, achieving unidirectional fertilizer liquid delivery. This significantly reduces head loss while maintaining a simplified structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an integrated water and fertilizer application device in the field of agricultural equipment, and more particularly to a low-resistance, high-stability hydraulically driven fertilizer pump that utilizes water flow energy. Background Technology

[0002] Integrated water and fertilizer technology has attracted widespread attention and has been widely promoted and applied in my country due to its advantages of efficient water and fertilizer utilization and precise fertilization. Fertilizer application equipment, as an indispensable part of the integrated water and fertilizer system, is usually installed at the head of the irrigation system. Its main function is to fully mix irrigation water and fertilizer solution in a certain proportion and then inject the mixture into the irrigation network. Currently, among the commonly used fertilizer application equipment in China, the hydraulic proportioning pump, also known as a proportioning fertilizer pump, is a high-performance fertilization device. However, due to the large number of parts and high manufacturing requirements, the proportioning fertilizer pump is expensive and cannot be widely adopted. Domestic utility model patent CN201110068822.X discloses a hydraulically driven proportioning pump that directly draws in liquid additives (pharmaceutical solution or fertilizer solution) and dissolves them into the water flow in a specific proportion, but its structure is complex and requires high manufacturing precision. Domestic invention patent CN202010387109.0 discloses a valve-regulated proportioning fertilizer pump with a cylindrical three-way valve core and a "T"-shaped through-hole flow channel, which is prone to clogging after prolonged use and results in significant head loss. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a hydraulically driven fertilizer pump with a simple structure, low hydraulic loss, and easy flow channel clogging.

[0004] To achieve the above functions and advantages, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A hydrodynamic fertilizer pump includes a drive section and a fertilizer suction section. The fertilizer suction section includes a fertilizer suction check valve, a fertilizer suction chamber, and a drive piston. The drive section is used to drive the drive piston to reciprocate along the fertilizer suction chamber. A fertilizer suction check valve is provided at the inlet end of the fertilizer suction chamber. When the drive piston moves downward, the fertilizer suction check valve draws in liquid and it enters the fertilizer suction chamber. When the drive piston moves upward, the liquid in the fertilizer suction chamber enters the drive chamber. The drive chamber is located at the outlet end of the fertilizer suction chamber.

[0005] In the above scheme, the driving piston includes a housing, a spherical magnet, a driving spring, a second sealing ring, and a baffle. The housing has a T-shaped longitudinal section. The upper end of the spherical magnet is connected to the lower end of the driving spring, and the lower end passes through the support surface where the second sealing ring is located. The baffle is located inside the housing and below the spherical magnet, and the baffle is used to limit the position of the spherical magnet. A magnetic housing is provided at the outlet end of the suction chamber. The magnetic housing and the spherical magnet are magnetically attracted to each other. In the non-working state, the outer wall of the spherical magnet is in contact with the second sealing ring. The upper end of the driving spring is located inside the top of the housing, and an inlet hole is opened at the top of the housing. The housing is connected to the driving part through a rotating shaft.

[0006] In the above scheme, the fertilizer suction check valve includes a valve cavity, a fertilizer suction spring, a fertilizer suction ball, and a first sealing ring; one end of the fertilizer suction spring is disposed on the inlet housing, and the inlet housing has a fertilizer suction port, and the inlet housing is located at the inlet end of the fertilizer suction cavity; the other end of the fertilizer suction spring is provided with an adsorption ball, and the lower end of the adsorption ball passes through the support plate where the first sealing ring is located; in the non-working state, the outer wall of the adsorption ball is in contact with the first sealing ring.

[0007] In the above scheme, the driving part includes a connecting rod, a crank, a first bevel gear, a second bevel gear, a main shaft, and an impeller; the main shaft is provided with an impeller and a first bevel gear, the first bevel gear meshes with the second bevel gear, the crank is connected to the connecting rod shaft, and the output end of the connecting rod is connected to the housing shaft in the driving piston; the crank is mounted on the second bevel gear.

[0008] In the above scheme, the main shaft is set inside the fertilizer mixing pipe, and the fertilizer mixing pipe and the drive pipe are connected in a T-shape.

[0009] In the above scheme, the fertilizer suction tube is connected to the drive tube and is integrally formed.

[0010] In the above scheme, the internal cavity of the drive tube is a fertilizer mixing cavity, the impeller in the fertilizer mixing cavity is connected to the fertilizer mixing tube through a first bearing, and the fertilizer mixing tube includes an outlet and an inlet; the impeller is connected to the main shaft through a first key, the main shaft and the first bevel gear are connected through a second key; the second bevel gear is connected to the drive tube through a second bearing.

[0011] The working method of a hydrodynamic fertilizer pump includes the following steps: When the incoming water enters the inlet of the fertilizer mixing pipe, the water flow drives the impeller to rotate. The impeller drives the first bevel gear to rotate through the main shaft. The first bevel gear meshes with the second bevel gear, thereby driving the second bevel gear to rotate. The second bevel gear is rigidly connected to the crank. When the second bevel gear rotates, it drives the crank to make a circular motion. The crank drives the connecting rod to move, causing the drive piston to make a reciprocating up and down motion. When the drive piston moves to its uppermost position, i.e., when the crank and connecting rod are collinear, the drive piston is at the upper part of the fertilizer suction chamber. When the drive piston moves downward in the fertilizer suction chamber, it creates a low-pressure state and a negative pressure, thereby drawing liquid through the fertilizer suction port. The drawn liquid enters the valve chamber. Due to the pressure difference, the fertilizer suction ball is pushed downward to stretch the fertilizer suction spring, and the fertilizer suction ball disengages from the first sealing ring, thus connecting the valve chamber and the fertilizer suction chamber. At this time, the drawn liquid continues to enter the fertilizer suction chamber through the valve chamber. When the driving piston moves upward from the bottom of the fertilizer suction chamber, it squeezes the liquid in the chamber. At this time, the fertilizer suction ball moves upward under the action of the liquid and forms a seal with the first sealing ring. The spherical magnet in the driving piston also moves downward under the action of the liquid, stretching the driving spring and causing the spherical magnet to disengage from the second sealing ring. This allows the liquid in the fertilizer suction chamber to enter the driving chamber through the driving piston and mix with the incoming water. The mixed liquid then enters the mixing pipe and is discharged from the outlet. Meanwhile, as the drive piston moves upward from the bottom of the fertilizer suction chamber, the magnetism of the end of the spherical magnet in the drive piston furthest from the drive spring attracts the magnetism of the upper end of the magnetic shell. Due to the magnetic force, the spherical magnet will increase the downward pull, further reducing the force required to disengage the spherical magnet from the second sealing ring, thereby reducing the driving force required for the drive piston to move upward, and ultimately further reducing hydraulic loss. When the drive piston continues to move upward to the top, the spherical magnet resets under the rebound force of the drive spring and re-presses the second sealing ring, blocking the connection between the fertilizer suction chamber and the drive chamber. At this time, the fertilizer suction ball falls back due to the reduced pressure difference and disengages from the first sealing ring again, preparing for the next round of fertilizer suction.

[0012] The core of this invention lies in using water flow to drive an impeller, which is then converted into piston reciprocating motion via a bevel gear and crank-connecting rod mechanism, thereby achieving unidirectional transport of fertilizer solution and significantly reducing head loss while ensuring structural simplification.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) the impeller is directly driven by water flow and converted into reciprocating motion through mechanical transmission, which is simple in structure and highly reliable; (2) the straight-through mixing pipe structure is adopted to improve the anti-clogging ability; (3) the magnetic attraction structure is used to effectively reduce head loss; (4) the overall structure is compact, the manufacturing cost is low, and it is suitable for large-area agricultural irrigation; (5) under typical working conditions, the head loss can be controlled within 0.2 m. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Sectional view along axis AA; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Side view of the B-direction section of the structure; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the fertilizer suction check valve of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the driving piston of the present invention.

[0015] The attached figures are labeled as follows: 1-Fertilizer suction port, 2-Fertilizer suction check valve, 21-Valve chamber, 22-Fertilizer suction spring, 23-Fertilizer suction ball, 24-First sealing ring, 3-Fertilizer suction chamber, 4-Fertilizer suction pipe, 5-Drive piston, 50-Outer shell, 51-Spherical magnet, 52-Drive spring, 53-Second sealing ring, 54-Baffle, 55-Inlet hole, 6-Magnetic shell, 7-Drive pipe, 8-Drive chamber, 9-Connecting rod, 10-Crank, 11-Second bearing, 12-Second bevel gear, 13-First bevel gear, 14-Main shaft, 15-Impeller, 16-First bearing, 17-Fertilizer mixing chamber, 18-Fertilizer mixing pipe, 181-Inlet, 182-Outlet, 19-First key, 20-Second key. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0017] A hydraulically driven fertilizer pump can be divided into a drive section and a fertilizer suction section according to its mechanical structure. For example... Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, its components and their assembly are as follows: The driving part includes a driving pipe 7, a driving cavity 8, a driving piston 5, a connecting rod 9, a crank 10, a first bearing 16, a second bearing 11, a first key 19, a second key 20, a first bevel gear 13, a second bevel gear 12, a main shaft 14, an impeller 15, a fertilizer mixing cavity 17, and a fertilizer mixing pipe 18; the driving piston 5 includes a spherical magnet 5-1, a driving spring 5-2, a second sealing ring 5-3, and a baffle 5-4; the fertilizer mixing pipe 18 includes an inlet 18-1 and an outlet 18-2; the fertilizer suction part includes a fertilizer suction port 1, a fertilizer suction check valve 2, a fertilizer suction pipe 4, a fertilizer suction cavity 3, and a magnetic housing 6. The fertilizer suction check valve 2 includes a valve cavity 2-1, a fertilizer suction spring 2-2, a fertilizer suction ball 2-3, and a first sealing ring 2-4.

[0018] In the above scheme, the fertilizer mixing pipe 18 of the driving part is a straight pipe section, integrated with the driving pipe 7. The impeller 15 is disposed inside the fertilizer mixing pipe 18 and is horizontally parallel to the fertilizer mixing pipe 18. The impeller 15 is connected to a bevel gear transmission mechanism through a main shaft 14. The bevel gear transmission mechanism is further connected to a crank 10. The impeller 15 is connected to a connecting rod mechanism, which drives the driving piston 5 to reciprocate up and down in the fertilizer suction chamber 3. The bevel gear transmission mechanism includes a first bevel gear 13 and a second bevel gear 12 that mesh with each other. The impeller 15 in the fertilizer mixing chamber 17 of the driving part is connected to the fertilizer mixing pipe 18 through a first bearing 16. The fertilizer mixing pipe 18 includes an outlet 18-1 and an inlet 18-2. The impeller 15 is connected to the main shaft 14 through a first key 19. The main shaft 14 and the first bevel gear 13 are connected through a second key 20. The first bevel gear 13 and the second bevel gear 12 mesh perpendicularly. The second bevel gear 12 is connected to the drive tube 7 via a second bearing 11, both bearings being standard rolling bearings. The drive tube 7 is rigidly connected to the fertilizer mixing tube 18. Inside the drive cavity 8, the second bevel gear 12 is rigidly connected to the crank 10, and the rotation of the second bevel gear 12 drives the crank 10 to perform circular motion. The crank 10 in the drive cavity 8 is connected to the connecting rod 9, and the movement of the connecting rod 9 drives the drive piston 5 to perform reciprocating motion up and down in the fertilizer suction tube 3. In the drive piston 5 of the drive part, the magnetism of the end of the spherical magnet 5-1 away from the drive spring 5-2 is opposite to the magnetism of the upper end of the magnetic housing 6, and the baffle 5-3 is to prevent the drive spring 5-2 from failing. The fertilizer suction tube 4 of the fertilizer suction part is placed vertically and is integrated with the drive tube 7. The fertilizer suction one-way valve 2 is located at the upper end of the fertilizer suction tube 4, and the magnetic housing 6 is located at the lower end of the fertilizer suction tube 4.

[0019] The working process of the hydrodynamic fertilizer pump in this embodiment is as follows: like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, incoming water enters the inlet 18-1 of the fertilizer mixing pipe 18. The water flow drives the impeller 15 to rotate. The impeller 15 drives the first bevel gear 13 to rotate through the main shaft 14. The first bevel gear 13 meshes with the second bevel gear 12, thereby driving the second bevel gear 12 to rotate. The second bevel gear 12 is rigidly connected to the crank 10. When the second bevel gear 12 rotates, it drives the crank 10 to make a circular motion. The crank 10 drives the connecting rod 9 to move, causing the drive piston 5 to make a reciprocating up and down motion.

[0020] When the drive piston 5 moves to its uppermost position, i.e., when the crank 10 and connecting rod 9 are collinear, the drive piston 5 is positioned at the upper part of the suction chamber 3. When the drive piston 5 moves downwards within the suction chamber 3, it creates a low-pressure state within the suction chamber 3, forming a negative pressure, thereby drawing in liquid. The drawn liquid enters the valve chamber 2-1. For example... Figure 4As shown, due to the pressure difference, the fertilizer suction ball 2-3 will be pushed downward to stretch the fertilizer suction spring 2-2, and the fertilizer suction ball 2-3 will disengage from the first sealing ring 2-4, thereby connecting the valve chamber 2-1 and the fertilizer suction chamber 3. At this time, the liquid being sucked will continuously enter the fertilizer suction chamber 3 through the valve chamber 2-1.

[0021] When the driving piston 5 moves upward from the bottom of the fertilizer suction chamber 3, it squeezes the liquid in the chamber. At this time, the fertilizer suction ball 2-3 moves upward under the action of the liquid and forms a seal with the first sealing ring 2-4. The spherical magnet 5-1 in the driving piston 5 also moves downward under the action of the liquid, stretching the driving spring 5-2, causing the spherical magnet 5-1 to disengage from the second sealing ring 5-3. This allows the liquid in the fertilizer suction chamber 3 to enter the driving chamber 8 through the driving piston 5 and mix with the incoming water. The mixed liquid then enters the mixing pipe 18 and is discharged from the outlet 18-2. Meanwhile, as the drive piston 5 moves upward from the bottom of the fertilizer suction chamber 3, the magnetism of the end of the spherical magnet 5-1 away from the drive spring 5-2 in the drive piston 5 attracts the magnetism of the upper end of the magnetic housing 6. Due to the magnetic force, the spherical magnet 5-1 experiences increased downward pull, further reducing the force required to disengage from the second sealing ring 5-3, thus reducing the driving force required for the drive piston 5 to move upward, and ultimately further reducing hydraulic loss. When the drive piston 5 continues to move upward to the top, the spherical magnet 5-1 resets under the rebound force of the drive spring 5-2 and re-presses the second sealing ring 5-3, blocking the connection between the fertilizer suction chamber 3 and the drive chamber 8; at this time, the fertilizer suction ball 2-3 falls back due to the reduced pressure difference, disengaging from the first sealing ring 2-4 again, preparing for the next round of fertilizer suction. The entire process relies on the coordinated control of hydraulic pressure and magnetic force to achieve precise, continuous, and leak-free quantitative fertilization.

Claims

1. A hydrodynamic fertilizer pump, characterized in that, It includes a driving part and a fertilizer suction part; the fertilizer suction part includes a fertilizer suction check valve (2), a fertilizer suction chamber (3) and a driving piston (5); the driving part is used to drive the driving piston (5) to move back and forth along the fertilizer suction chamber (3). The fertilizer suction chamber (3) is provided with a fertilizer suction check valve (2) at the inlet end. When the driving piston (5) moves downward, the fertilizer suction check valve (2) sucks up the liquid and enters the fertilizer suction chamber (3). When the driving piston (5) moves upward, the liquid in the fertilizer suction chamber (3) enters the driving chamber (8). The driving chamber (8) is provided at the outlet end of the fertilizer suction chamber (3).

2. The hydrodynamic fertilizer pump according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driving piston (5) includes a housing (5-0), a spherical magnet (5-1), a driving spring (5-2), a second sealing ring (5-3), and a baffle (5-4). The housing (5-0) has a T-shaped longitudinal section. The upper end of the spherical magnet (5-1) is connected to the lower end of the driving spring (5-2), and the lower end passes through the support surface where the second sealing ring (5-3) is located. The baffle (5-4) is located inside the housing and below the spherical magnet (5-1), and the baffle (5-4) is used for... The position of the spherical magnet (5-1) is defined; a magnetic housing (6) is provided at the outlet end of the suction chamber (3), and the magnetic housing (6) is magnetically attracted to the spherical magnet (5-1). In the non-working state, the outer wall of the spherical magnet (5-1) is in contact with the second sealing ring (5-3); the upper end of the drive spring (5-2) is provided on the inner side of the top of the housing (5-0), and an inlet hole (5-5) is opened on the top of the housing (5-0); the housing (5-0) is connected to the drive part through a rotating shaft.

3. The hydrodynamic fertilizer pump according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fertilizer suction check valve (2) includes a valve chamber (2-1), a fertilizer suction spring (2-2), a fertilizer suction ball (2-3), and a first sealing ring (2-4). One end of the fertilizer suction spring (2-2) is set on the inlet housing, and the inlet housing is provided with a fertilizer suction port (1). The inlet housing is located at the inlet end of the fertilizer suction chamber (3). The other end of the fertilizer suction spring (2-2) is provided with an adsorption ball (2-3). The lower end of the adsorption ball (2-3) passes through the support plate where the first sealing ring (2-4) is located. In the non-working state, the outer wall of the adsorption ball (2-3) is in contact with the first sealing ring (2-4).

4. The hydrodynamic fertilizer pump according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive unit includes a connecting rod (9), a crank (10), a first bevel gear (13), a second bevel gear (12), a main shaft (14), and an impeller (15); the main shaft (14) is provided with an impeller (15) and a first bevel gear (13), the first bevel gear (13) meshes with the second bevel gear (12), the crank (10) is connected to the shaft of the connecting rod (9), and the output end of the connecting rod (9) is connected to the shaft of the housing (5-0) in the drive piston (5); the crank (10) is provided on the second bevel gear (12).

5. The hydrodynamic fertilizer pump according to claim 4, characterized in that, The main shaft (14) is set inside the fertilizer mixing pipe (18), and the fertilizer mixing pipe (18) and the drive pipe (7) are connected in a T-shape.

6. The hydrodynamic fertilizer pump according to claim 1, characterized in that, The suction tube (4) is connected to the drive tube (7) and is integrally formed.

7. The hydrodynamic fertilizer pump according to claim 4, characterized in that, The internal cavity of the drive tube (7) is a fertilizer mixing chamber (17). The impeller (15) inside the fertilizer mixing chamber (17) is connected to the fertilizer mixing tube (18) through the first bearing (16). The fertilizer mixing tube (18) includes an outlet (18-1) and an inlet (18-2). The impeller (15) is connected to the main shaft (14) through the first key (19). The main shaft (14) and the first bevel gear (13) are connected through the second key (20). The second bevel gear (12) is connected to the drive tube (7) through the second bearing (11).

8. The method of operating the hydrodynamic fertilizer pump according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The steps include the following: The incoming water enters the inlet (18-1) of the fertilizer mixing pipe (18), and the water flow drives the impeller (15) to rotate. The impeller (15) drives the first bevel gear (13) to rotate through the main shaft (14). The first bevel gear (13) meshes with the second bevel gear (12), thereby driving the second bevel gear (12) to rotate. The second bevel gear (12) is rigidly connected to the crank (10). When the second bevel gear (12) rotates, it drives the crank (10) to make a circular motion. The crank (10) drives the connecting rod (9) to move, causing the drive piston (5) to make up-down reciprocating motion. When the driving piston (5) moves to the uppermost position, that is, when the crank (10) and the connecting rod (9) are collinear, the driving piston (5) is at the upper part of the fertilizer suction chamber (3). When the driving piston (5) moves downward in the fertilizer suction chamber (3), it will cause the fertilizer suction chamber (3) to be in a low-pressure state and form a negative pressure, thereby sucking liquid through the fertilizer suction port (1), and the sucked liquid enters the valve chamber (2-1). Due to the pressure difference, the fertilizer suction ball (2-3) will be pushed downward to stretch the fertilizer suction spring (2-2), and the fertilizer suction ball (2-3) will be separated from the first sealing ring (2-4), thereby connecting the valve chamber (2-1) and the fertilizer suction chamber (3). At this time, the sucked liquid continues to enter the fertilizer suction chamber (3) through the valve chamber (2-1). When the driving piston (5) moves upward from the bottom of the fertilizer suction chamber (3), the driving piston (5) will squeeze the liquid in the fertilizer suction chamber (3). At this time, the fertilizer suction ball (2-3) will move upward under the action of the liquid and form a seal with the first sealing ring (2-4); the spherical magnet (5-1) in the driving piston (5) will also move downward under the action of the liquid, stretching the driving spring (5-2), so that the spherical magnet (5-1) will disengage from the second sealing ring (5-3), so that the liquid in the fertilizer suction chamber (3) enters the driving chamber (8) through the driving piston (5) and mixes with the incoming water. The mixed liquid enters the fertilizer mixing pipe (18) and is discharged from the outlet (18-2). At the same time, when the driving piston (5) moves upward from the bottom of the fertilizer suction chamber (3), the magnetism of the end of the spherical magnet (5-1) in the driving piston (5) away from the driving spring (5-2) and the magnetism of the upper end of the magnetic shell (6) are attracted by opposite polarities. Due to the magnetic force, the spherical magnet (5-1) will increase the downward pull, further reducing the force required to break contact between the spherical magnet (5-1) and the second sealing ring (5-3), thereby reducing the driving force required for the driving piston (5) to move upward, and ultimately further reducing hydraulic loss. When the driving piston (5) continues to move upward to the top, the spherical magnet (5-1) is reset under the action of the rebound force of the driving spring (5-2) and re-presses the second sealing ring (5-3), blocking the connection between the fertilizer suction chamber (3) and the driving chamber (8). At this time, the fertilizer suction ball (2-3) falls back due to the decrease in pressure difference and breaks away from the first sealing ring (2-4) again, preparing for the next round of fertilizer suction.

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