Compound feed formula for improving survival rate of laying hen chicks

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of feed, and discloses a compound feed formula for improving survival rate of egg chicken chicks, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: energy feed component: corn 400-550 parts, puffed corn 150-250 parts, and bean oil 5-15 parts; protein feed component: soybean meal 150-250 parts, puffed soybean 50-100 parts, fish meal 10-30 parts, and fermented soybean meal 20-60 parts; mineral and amino acid component: stone powder 10-20 parts, calcium hydrogen phosphate 10-20 parts, salt 2-5 parts, methionine 1.5-3 parts, lysine 1-2.5 parts, and choline chloride 1-2 parts; functional additive component: compound probiotics 1-5 parts, compound enzyme preparation 0.5-2 parts, compound acidifying agent 1-4 parts, compound vitamin 0.3-1 part, and compound trace element 0.5-1.5 part; the three probiotics of Clostridium butyricum, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces boulardii are compounded according to specific proportions, and the three strains form a segmented relay synergistic mode, so that comprehensive health maintenance is realized from the whole length of the intestinal tract.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of feed technology, specifically, it relates to a compound feed formula for laying hens and chicks to improve survival rate. Background Technology

[0002] The chick stage is the most critical growth and development period in the life of a laying hen. The quality of feeding and management during the brooding period (0-6 weeks of age) directly affects the egg production performance and economic benefits of the adult hen. During this stage, the chicks' digestive system is not yet fully developed, their digestive enzyme secretion is insufficient, and their intestinal barrier function is fragile, making them extremely susceptible to invasion by pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella.

[0003] In the prior art, various feed formulations for laying hens during the brooding period have been disclosed. For example, patent publication number CN102318780B discloses a starter feed for laying hens to improve immunity, the composition of which is: 20-30% extruded grains, 20-40% cereals, 2-8% flour, 5-20% extruded soybeans, 10-20% dehulled soybean meal, 1-5% brewer's yeast, 1-5% steamed fish meal, 1-5% glucose, 1-5% lactose, 0.5-3% vegetable oil, 1-3% calcium additive, 0.1-0.4% salt, 0.3-1.5% amino acids, 0.1-0.3% compound trace elements, 0.03-0.08% compound vitamins, and 0.02-0.1% compound enzyme preparation. Furthermore, adding compound probiotics and acidifiers to brooding feed to promote healthy intestinal flora development, and adding compound enzyme preparations to promote the digestion and absorption of raw materials, has become an industry consensus.

[0004] Adding compound probiotics and acidifiers to broodstock feed to promote healthy gut microbiota development, and adding compound enzyme preparations to enhance feed digestion and absorption, has become an industry consensus. Probiotics can reduce the incidence of intestinal diseases in chicks through competitive exclusion, the production of antibacterial substances, and the enhancement of the intestinal barrier; organic acids can lower the pH of feed and the gastrointestinal tract, inhibiting the proliferation of pathogens such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli; and exogenous enzyme preparations can compensate for the deficiency of endogenous enzymes in chicks, improving feed conversion rate.

[0005] While existing technologies have improved the gut health and immunity of chicks to some extent, they still have many shortcomings: Current probiotic formulations tend to have limited combinations, lacking synergistic designs that leverage the combined effects of multiple strains. Targeted formulations using Clostridium butyricum, Bacillus subtilis, and Saccharomyces boulardii, each acting in different regions of the gut, are currently unavailable. Clostridium butyricum colonizes the cecum, producing butyrate to repair the intestinal mucosa; Bacillus subtilis secretes digestive enzymes in the mid-to-late small intestine; and Saccharomyces boulardii is acid- and bile-resistant and unaffected by antibiotics. The combination of these three bacteria can synergistically lower intestinal pH and improve the gut microbiota structure.

[0006] Current formulations lack optimization for the broad-spectrum antibacterial effects of acidifiers. Organic acids can synergistically inhibit the colonization and reproduction of potential pathogens (E. coli and Salmonella) in feed and the gastrointestinal tract. Adding probiotics to the feed of laying hens during their egg-laying period can ensure the maximum egg production potential of these hens. Furthermore, acidifiers are feed additives with broad-spectrum and highly effective antibacterial activity, low toxicity, and no residue. Adding them to poultry feed or drinking water can increase feed acidity and improve the digestive tract environment of laying hens. Current research on the synergistic antibacterial effects of acidifiers and probiotics is insufficient, and the optimal ratio of citric acid, lactic acid, and fumaric acid lacks systematic optimization.

[0007] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as the single probiotic combination in laying hen and chick feed formulations, lack of optimization in acidifier selection, low functional integration, and unoptimized preparation process parameters. It provides a compound feed formulation and preparation method that simultaneously improves chick survival rates from three dimensions: promoting digestion and absorption, maintaining intestinal health, and inhibiting pathogens, through the synergistic combination of compound probiotics, compound enzyme preparations, and compound acidifiers. Furthermore, it optimizes key parameters of the preparation process to ensure the stable activity of the functional additives.

[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the basic concept of the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A compound feed formula for laying hens and chicks to improve survival rate, comprising the following components by weight: Energy feed composition: 400-550 parts corn, 150-250 parts extruded corn, 5-15 parts soybean oil; Protein feed composition: 150-250 parts soybean meal, 50-100 parts extruded soybeans, 10-30 parts fish meal, and 20-60 parts fermented soybean meal; Mineral and amino acid composition: 10-20 parts stone powder, 10-20 parts dicalcium phosphate, 2-5 parts salt, 1.5-3 parts methionine, 1-2.5 parts lysine, 1-2 parts choline chloride; Functional additive components: 1-5 parts of compound probiotics, 0.5-2 parts of compound enzyme preparation, 1-4 parts of compound acidifier, 0.3-1 part of compound vitamins, and 0.5-1.5 parts of compound trace elements.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compound probiotic is composed of Clostridium butyricum, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces boulardii in a weight ratio of 2-4:1-3:1-2. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compound enzyme preparation is composed of protease, xylanase, β-glucanase and phytase in a weight ratio of 2~4:1~3:1~2:1~2; In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the composite acidifier is composed of citric acid, lactic acid and fumaric acid in a weight ratio of 2~5:1~3:1~2.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the effective live count of Clostridium butyricum in the compound probiotic is 5 CFU / g, the effective live count of Bacillus subtilis is 1 CFU / g, and the effective live count of Saccharomyces boulardii is 1 CFU / g.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compound enzyme preparation contains a protease activity of 5000 U / g, a xylanase activity of 10000 U / g, a β-glucanase activity of 5000 U / g, and a phytase activity of 3000 U / g.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compound probiotic is composed of Clostridium butyricum, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces boulardii in a weight ratio of 3:2:1.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compound enzyme preparation is composed of protease, xylanase, β-glucanase and phytase in a weight ratio of 3:2:1.5:1.5.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the composite acidifier is composed of citric acid, lactic acid and fumaric acid in a weight ratio of 3:2:1.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the weight ratio of the compound probiotics, compound enzyme preparation and compound acidifier is 1~5:0.5~2:1~4.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, 0.3 to 1 part of an antioxidant is also included.

[0018] A method for preparing a compound feed for laying hens and chicks to improve survival rate as described in any of the above claims, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1. Raw material pretreatment: Corn and soybean meal are puffed separately at a puffing temperature of 120~150℃ and a puffing pressure of 1.5~2.5 MPa to obtain puffed corn and puffed soybean meal, which are then crushed and passed through a 40~60 mesh sieve; other solid raw materials are crushed and passed through a 40~60 mesh sieve. S2. Mixing: According to the formula weight parts, the pretreated energy feed components, protein feed components, mineral and amino acid components are put into the mixer in sequence. The mixing time is 5 to 10 minutes to obtain the basic mixture. S3. Add functional additives: After mixing the compound probiotics, compound enzyme preparations, compound acidifiers, compound vitamins and compound trace elements evenly, add them to the basic mixture and continue mixing for 5 to 10 minutes to obtain a uniform mixture. S4. Conditioning: The mixed materials are fed into a conditioner for conditioning. The conditioning temperature is 70~85℃, the conditioning time is 30~60 seconds, and the moisture content of the material after conditioning is 17%~19%. S5. Granulation: The conditioned material is fed into a granulator for granulation. The granulation temperature is 75~85℃ and the particle diameter is 2.0~4.0mm. S6. Cooling and Screening: The pelleted feed pellets are sent to a cooler to cool to room temperature, and then screened to remove powder, thus obtaining the finished compound feed.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the puffing treatment of corn and soybean meal in step S2 is used in conjunction with the pelleting in step S5 to increase the feed cooking degree by more than 20% and the corn starch gelatinization degree to more than 85%.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. Synergistic Effect of Compound Probiotics: Multi-Target Maintenance of Intestinal Health. This invention uses three probiotics—Clostridium butyricum, Bacillus subtilis, and Saccharomyces boulardii—combined in a specific ratio. Each of the three bacteria acts on different regions of the intestine: Saccharomyces boulardii is acid- and bile-resistant, allowing it to pass through the gastric acid barrier smoothly. It mainly acts on the duodenum and the anterior jejunum, consuming oxygen to create conditions for subsequent probiotic colonization; Bacillus subtilis mainly colonizes the middle and posterior small intestine, secreting large amounts of digestive enzymes such as proteases and amylases to help chicks improve feed digestibility and utilization; Clostridium butyricum is a strict anaerobic bacterium, mainly colonizing the cecum, metabolizing butyrate to repair damaged intestinal mucosa and enhance intestinal barrier function. The three strains form a segmented, relay-like synergistic effect, achieving comprehensive health maintenance along the entire length of the intestine.

[0021] 2. The compound enzyme preparations target and degrade anti-nutritional factors, thereby improving feed utilization. This invention selects four types of enzyme preparations: protease, xylanase, β-glucanase, and phytase, which respectively target and degrade protease inhibitors in soybean meal, non-starch polysaccharides in corn, and anti-nutritional factors such as phytic acid, significantly releasing digestible nutrients in the feed and improving feed conversion rate.

[0022] 3. The compound acidifier has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, reducing pathogen colonization. Citric acid can lower the pH value of feed and the gastrointestinal tract, inhibiting the growth of acid-sensitive pathogens such as Escherichia coli. Lactic acid is a natural metabolic product of the intestine, which can directly supplement the metabolic substrate of lactic acid bacteria and promote the proliferation of lactic acid bacteria. Fumaric acid plays an intermediate metabolic role in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and has the dual functions of promoting energy metabolism and inhibiting bacteria. The three organic acids work synergistically to significantly reduce the diarrhea rate of chicks and have a synergistic inhibitory effect on common pathogens such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli.

[0023] 4. The three functional modules work together to comprehensively improve the survival rate. The compound probiotics establish a dominant bacterial barrier at the intestinal flora level, the compound acidifier exerts a continuous inhibitory effect on intestinal pathogens at the chemical antibacterial level, and the compound enzyme preparation reduces the probability of undigested substrates entering the hindgut for fermentation at the feed digestion level, thereby reducing diarrhea and fecal matter. The combined effect of the three core functional modules minimizes the mortality of chicks aged 0-6 weeks due to bacterial intestinal diseases.

[0024] 5. This invention optimizes and limits key parameters such as puffing temperature (120~150℃), conditioning temperature (70~85℃), and pelleting temperature (75~85℃) to ensure that the activity of probiotics and enzymes is preserved to the maximum extent while meeting the requirements for feed maturation and shaping. Both conditioning and pelleting temperatures are controlled below 85℃ to avoid heat damage to probiotics and enzyme preparations, resulting in an effective viable bacteria count of 2 CFU / g in the finished product, and improved retention rates of enzyme activities such as protease, xylanase, β-glucanase, and phytase.

[0025] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0026] In the attached diagram: Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention.

[0028] A compound feed formula for laying hens and chicks to improve survival rates, such as... Figure 1 As shown, by weight, it includes the following components: Energy feed composition: 400-550 parts corn, 150-250 parts extruded corn, 5-15 parts soybean oil; Protein feed composition: 150-250 parts soybean meal, 50-100 parts extruded soybeans, 10-30 parts fish meal, and 20-60 parts fermented soybean meal; Mineral and amino acid composition: 10-20 parts stone powder, 10-20 parts dicalcium phosphate, 2-5 parts salt, 1.5-3 parts methionine, 1-2.5 parts lysine, 1-2 parts choline chloride; Functional additive components: 1-5 parts of compound probiotics, 0.5-2 parts of compound enzyme preparation, 1-4 parts of compound acidifier, 0.3-1 part of compound vitamins, and 0.5-1.5 parts of compound trace elements; The compound probiotics are composed of Clostridium butyricum, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces boulardii in a weight ratio of 2-4:1-3:1-2. The compound enzyme preparation is composed of protease, xylanase, β-glucanase and phytase in a weight ratio of 2~4:1~3:1~2:1~2; The composite acidifier is composed of citric acid, lactic acid and fumaric acid in a weight ratio of 2~5:1~3:1~2.

[0029] The compound probiotic contains 5 CFU / g of Clostridium butyricum, 1 CFU / g of Bacillus subtilis, and 1 CFU / g of Saccharomyces boulardii.

[0030] The compound enzyme preparation contains protease with an activity of 5000 U / g, xylanase with an activity of 10000 U / g, β-glucanase with an activity of 5000 U / g, and phytase with an activity of 3000 U / g.

[0031] The compound probiotics are composed of Clostridium butyricum, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces boulardii in a weight ratio of 3:2:1.

[0032] The compound enzyme preparation is composed of protease, xylanase, β-glucanase and phytase in a weight ratio of 3:2:1.5:1.5.

[0033] The composite acidifier is composed of citric acid, lactic acid and fumaric acid in a weight ratio of 3:2:1.

[0034] The weight ratio of the compound probiotics, compound enzyme preparation and compound acidifier is 1~5:0.5~2:1~4.

[0035] It also includes 0.3 to 1 part of antioxidants.

[0036] A method for preparing a compound feed for laying hens and chicks to improve survival rate as described in any of the above claims, comprising the following steps: S1. Raw material pretreatment: Corn and soybean meal are puffed separately at a puffing temperature of 120~150℃ and a puffing pressure of 1.5~2.5 MPa to obtain puffed corn and puffed soybean meal, which are then crushed and passed through a 40~60 mesh sieve; other solid raw materials are crushed and passed through a 40~60 mesh sieve. S2. Mixing: According to the formula weight parts, the pretreated energy feed components, protein feed components, mineral and amino acid components are put into the mixer in sequence. The mixing time is 5 to 10 minutes to obtain the basic mixture. S3. Add functional additives: After mixing the compound probiotics, compound enzyme preparations, compound acidifiers, compound vitamins and compound trace elements evenly, add them to the basic mixture and continue mixing for 5 to 10 minutes to obtain a uniform mixture. S4. Conditioning: The mixed materials are fed into a conditioner for conditioning. The conditioning temperature is 70~85℃, the conditioning time is 30~60 seconds, and the moisture content of the material after conditioning is 17%~19%. S5. Granulation: The conditioned material is fed into a granulator for granulation. The granulation temperature is 75~85℃ and the particle diameter is 2.0~4.0mm. S6. Cooling and Screening: The pelleted feed pellets are sent to a cooler to cool to room temperature, and then screened to remove powder, thus obtaining the finished compound feed.

[0037] The puffing process of corn and soybean meal in step S2 is used in conjunction with the pelleting process in step S5 to increase the feed cooking degree by more than 20% and the corn starch gelatinization degree to more than 85%.

[0038] The strains and preparation methods involved in the examples are as follows: Clostridium butyricum (CICC No. 22986) was purchased from the China Industrial Microbiological Culture Collection Center; Bacillus subtilis (CGMCC No. 12345) was purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center; Saccharomyces boulardii (CGMCC No. 20265) was purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center.

[0039] Preparation of the compound probiotic: Clostridium butyricum, Bacillus subtilis, and Saccharomyces boulardii were cultured separately in a liquid submerged fermentation process. The fermentation broth was centrifuged to collect the bacterial cells. A protective agent was added, followed by low-temperature vacuum drying, pulverization, and sieving. The resulting powder was then mixed evenly at a weight ratio of 3:2:1 to prepare the compound probiotic powder. The effective viable count of Clostridium butyricum in the compound probiotic was 5 CFU / g, the effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis was 1 CFU / g, and the effective viable count of Saccharomyces boulardii was 1 CFU / g.

[0040] Preparation of the compound enzyme preparation: Protease, xylanase, β-glucanase, and phytase were separately subjected to liquid deep fermentation and extraction purification, and then mixed evenly at a weight ratio of 3:2:1.5:1.5 to prepare a compound enzyme powder. The protease activity was 5000 U / g, the xylanase activity was 10000 U / g, the β-glucanase activity was 5000 U / g, and the phytase activity was 3000 U / g.

[0041] Preparation of composite acidifier: Citric acid, lactic acid and fumaric acid are mixed evenly in a weight ratio of 3:2:1 and spray-dried to prepare composite acidifier powder.

[0042] Example 1 Ingredients: Energy feed composition: 480 kg corn, 200 kg extruded corn, 10 kg soybean oil; Protein feed composition: 200 kg soybean meal, 75 kg extruded soybeans, 20 kg fish meal, 40 kg fermented soybean meal; Mineral and amino acid composition: 15kg limestone powder, 15kg dicalcium phosphate, 3.5kg salt, 2.2kg methionine, 1.8kg lysine, 1.5kg choline chloride; Functional additive components: 3kg of compound probiotics, 1.5kg of compound enzyme preparation, 2.5kg of compound acidifier, 0.6kg of compound vitamins, 1.0kg of compound trace elements, and 0.5kg of antioxidant.

[0043] Preparation method: (1) 480 kg of corn and 200 kg of soybean meal were puffed at a temperature of 130°C and a pressure of 2.0 MPa to obtain puffed corn and puffed soybean meal, which were then crushed and passed through a 50-mesh sieve. Other solid raw materials were crushed and passed through a 50-mesh sieve.

[0044] (2) The pretreated energy feed, protein feed, mineral and amino acid components are put into the mixer in sequence and the mixing time is 8 minutes to obtain the basic mixture.

[0045] (3) Mix 3 kg of compound probiotics, 1.5 kg of compound enzyme preparation, 2.5 kg of compound acidifier, 0.6 kg of compound vitamins, 1.0 kg of compound trace elements and 0.5 kg of antioxidant evenly, add them to the basic mixture, and continue mixing for 8 minutes to obtain a uniform mixture.

[0046] (4) The mixture is fed into a conditioner for conditioning. The conditioning temperature is 78°C and the conditioning time is 45 seconds. The moisture content of the material after conditioning is 18%.

[0047] (5) The conditioned material is fed into a granulator for granulation. The granulation temperature is 80℃ and the particle diameter is 3.0mm.

[0048] (6) The pelleted feed pellets are sent to a cooler to cool to room temperature, and the powder is removed by sieving to obtain the finished compound feed.

[0049] Example 2 Ingredients: Energy feed composition: 500 kg corn, 180 kg extruded corn, 10 kg soybean oil; Protein feed composition: 180kg soybean meal, 80kg extruded soybeans, 15kg fish meal, 50kg fermented soybean meal; Mineral and amino acid composition: 15kg limestone powder, 15kg dicalcium phosphate, 3.5kg salt, 2kg methionine, 1.5kg lysine, 1.5kg choline chloride; Functional additive components: 4kg of compound probiotics, 2kg of compound enzyme preparation, 3kg of compound acidifier, 0.8kg of compound vitamins, 1.2kg of compound trace elements, and 0.5kg of antioxidant.

[0050] The preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0051] Example 3 Ingredients: Energy feed composition: 450 kg corn, 220 kg extruded corn, 12 kg soybean oil; Protein feed composition: 220kg soybean meal, 60kg extruded soybeans, 25kg fish meal, 30kg fermented soybean meal; Mineral and amino acid composition: 18 kg of limestone powder, 12 kg of dicalcium phosphate, 4 kg of salt, 2.5 kg of methionine, 2 kg of lysine, and 1.2 kg of choline chloride; Functional additive components: 2kg of compound probiotics, 1kg of compound enzyme preparation, 2kg of compound acidifier, 0.5kg of compound vitamins, 0.8kg of compound trace elements, and 0.4kg of antioxidant.

[0052] The preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0053] Example 4 Ingredients: Energy feed composition: 420 kg corn, 240 kg extruded corn, 8 kg soybean oil; Protein feed composition: 240 kg soybean meal, 55 kg extruded soybeans, 28 kg fish meal, 25 kg fermented soybean meal; Mineral and amino acid composition: 12 kg of limestone powder, 18 kg of dicalcium phosphate, 3 kg of salt, 1.8 kg of methionine, 2.2 kg of lysine, and 1 kg of choline chloride; Functional additive components: 5kg of compound probiotics, 1.8kg of compound enzyme preparation, 3.5kg of compound acidifier, 0.9kg of compound vitamins, 1.4kg of compound trace elements, and 0.6kg of antioxidant.

[0054] The preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0055] Example 5 Ingredients: Energy feed composition: 530 kg corn, 160 kg extruded corn, 14 kg soybean oil; Protein feed composition: 160kg soybean meal, 90kg extruded soybeans, 12kg fish meal, 55kg fermented soybean meal; Mineral and amino acid composition: 12 kg of limestone powder, 15 kg of dicalcium phosphate, 4 kg of salt, 2.8 kg of methionine, 1.2 kg of lysine, and 2 kg of choline chloride; Functional additive components: 1.5kg of compound probiotics, 0.8kg of compound enzyme preparation, 4kg of compound acidifier, 0.4kg of compound vitamins, 0.6kg of compound trace elements, and 0.8kg of antioxidant.

[0056] The preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0057] Comparative Example 1 (Commercially Available Comparison) Comparative Example 1 is a commercially available brand of compound feed for laying hens and chicks (the main ingredients are corn, soybean meal, fish meal, limestone powder, dicalcium phosphate, salt, methionine, lysine, choline chloride, compound vitamins and mineral premix, without added compound probiotics, compound enzyme preparations and compound acidifiers).

[0058] Comparative Example 2 (without added compound probiotics) The only difference from Example 1 is that no compound probiotics are added to the formula, 2 parts of compound enzyme preparation and 2.5 parts of compound acidifier are added, and the other components and preparation methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0059] Comparative Example 3 (without added compound acidifier) The only difference from Example 1 is that no compound acidifier is added to the formula, 3 parts of compound probiotics and 1.5 parts of compound enzyme preparation are added, and the other components and preparation methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0060] Comparative Example 4 (Single Probiotic) The difference from Example 1 is that the compound probiotics in the formula only use 3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, and do not add Clostridium butyricum and Saccharomyces boulardii. Other components and preparation methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0061] Comparative Example 5 (The ratio of compound probiotics deviates from the scope of this invention) The difference from Example 1 is that the compound probiotic is composed of Clostridium butyricum, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces boulardii in a weight ratio of 1:5:2 (the proportion of Clostridium butyricum is too low and the proportion of Bacillus subtilis is too high). Other components and preparation methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0062] Experimental Design: 1500 healthy 1-day-old Hy-Line Brown chicks were randomly divided into 10 groups, with 3 replicates per group and 50 chicks per replicate. There were no significant differences in initial body weight among the groups (P>0.05). Chicks were fed the diets of Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-5, respectively, for a period of 0-42 days (6 weeks). Stacked brooder cages were used, with 3 cage spaces per replicate (16-17 chicks per space). Chicks had free access to feed and water, and received a routine immunization program (nasal drops of Newcastle disease and bronchitis bivalent vaccine at 7 days of age, intrabursal disease and infectious bursal disease via drinking water at 14 days of age, and a booster immunization of Newcastle disease and bronchitis bivalent vaccine at 21 days of age). Feed intake, mortality, and abnormal fecal excretion were recorded daily during the experiment. Fasting weights were measured on days 21 and 42 of age, with tibia length measured in 10 chicks / replica at random.

[0063] Testing indicators: Growth performance: average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily weight gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (F / G), average body weight at 42 days of age, and tibia length.

[0064] Survival rate: Count the number of birds that die within 42 days of age and calculate the survival rate.

[0065] Diarrhea rate: Observe the fecal characteristics daily and record the number of animals with loose stools (unformed, high water content, and adhering to the anus). Diarrhea rate (%) = (total number of animals with diarrhea) / (total number of days) × 100.

[0066] Intestinal flora: At 42 days of age, 5 chicks were randomly selected from each group (1-2 chicks per replicate) and slaughtered. Cecal contents were aseptically collected and counted (log CFU / g) of lactobacilli, Escherichia coli and Salmonella using selective culture medium.

[0067] Statistical analysis: Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 software for one-way ANOVA. Differences between groups were analyzed using Duncan's multiple comparisons, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

[0068] Component synergistic effect analysis (1) The segmented relay effect of compound probiotics Clostridium butyricum, Bacillus subtilis, and Saccharomyces boulardii are combined in a specific ratio (3:2:1) to form a segmented relay action mode in which oxygen consumption occurs at the beginning, enzyme production occurs in the middle, and acid production occurs at the end: Saccharomyces boulardii (front stage): As an aerobic fungus, it preferentially consumes dissolved oxygen in the front stage of the gastrointestinal tract, transforming the local environment from aerobic to microanaerobic, creating conditions for subsequent colonization by obligate or facultative anaerobic probiotics. Simultaneously, Saccharomyces boulardii can secrete proteases, amylases, and other enzymes, and produce various B vitamins, enhancing the immunity of chicks.

[0069] Bacillus subtilis (mid-section): It settles in the middle and posterior part of the small intestine and secretes highly active proteases, amylases, lipases, cellulases, etc., which significantly improve the digestibility and absorption of feed nutrients; at the same time, it produces lipopeptide antibiotics (surfactants, iturin, etc.) to inhibit the adhesion and proliferation of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli.

[0070] Clostridium butyricum (posterior segment): Strictly anaerobic, it selectively colonizes the middle to terminal cecum, producing large amounts of butyrate (short-chain fatty acid) through metabolism. Butyrate is the main energy source for intestinal epithelial cells (providing approximately 70% of the energy needs of colonic epithelial cells), promotes intestinal mucosal repair, enhances intestinal barrier function, reduces the incidence of leaky gut syndrome, and decreases bacterial translocation infection.

[0071] The three-strain synergistic effect is achieved throughout the entire intestinal length, showing significant advantages compared to single strains or simple compound formulations. In the feeding trial, the survival rate of Example 1 (98.67%) was significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 4 (single Bacillus subtilis, 93.33%) and Comparative Example 5 (ratio deviation, 94.67%), verifying the effectiveness of this segmented relay mode.

[0072] (2) Synergistic effect of compound enzyme preparations The combined use of four types of enzyme preparations—protease, xylanase, β-glucanase, and phytase—can target the degradation of different anti-nutritional factors. Protease: Breaks down trypsin inhibitors, soybean lectins, etc. in soybean meal, improving the digestibility of soybean meal protein (from about 78% to over 88%).

[0073] Xylanase and β-glucanase: Degrade non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) in the cell walls of corn and soybean meal, reduce intestinal chyme viscosity, and release encapsulated starch, protein, and minerals; at the same time, reduce toxic substances such as ammonia, phenol, and indole produced by harmful bacteria fermentation in the hindgut, thus lowering the diarrhea rate.

[0074] Phytase: hydrolyzes phytic acid (inositol hexaphosphate), releasing phytic acid-chelated minerals such as phosphorus, calcium, iron, and zinc, improving phosphorus utilization (by 15% to 25%), while reducing phosphorus pollution in the environment from feces.

[0075] The synergistic effect of the four enzyme preparations is far superior to that of a single enzyme preparation. The improved digestibility of raw materials by the compound enzyme preparation reduces the amount of undigested substrate entering the hindgut for fermentation, which is one of the reasons for the significant reduction in diarrhea rate (7.3% in Example 1, compared to 24.0% in Comparative Example 1).

[0076] (3) Synergistic samples of composite acidifiers Citric acid, lactic acid, and fumaric acid, three organic acids, combined in a 3:2:1 ratio, exhibit complementary and synergistic effects. Citric acid has the highest dissociation constant (pKa1=3.13). Its dissociation is limited in low pH environments, allowing it to maintain a low pH value for a long time and inhibit the proliferation of acid-sensitive pathogens. At the same time, citric acid can promote the absorption of mineral elements (calcium, phosphorus, zinc).

[0077] Lactic acid: pKa=3.86, moderate dissociation, can provide a large number of free lactate ions. Lactic acid is a metabolic product of lactic acid bacteria, which directly promotes the proliferation of beneficial bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria. Lactic acid can also lower the intestinal pH and activate pepsinogen.

[0078] Fumaric acid: pKa1=3.02, partially inhibits urease activity in the intestine, reduces ammonia production, and improves the feeding environment.

[0079] When the three organic acids are used in combination, in vitro antibacterial tests show that the MICs against Escherichia coli (O78) and Salmonella (S. typhimurium) are 0.10% and 0.075%, respectively, which are significantly lower than those against single organic acids and combinations of two organic acids.

[0080] (4) Synergistic effect of the three functional modules When compound probiotics, compound enzyme preparations, and compound acidifiers are used in combination in a certain ratio (such as 3:1.5:2.5 in Example 1), multiple interactions exist among the three: Synergistic effect of acidifiers and probiotics: Acidifiers lower the pH in the stomach, inhibiting pathogens from passing through the stomach's barrier. Simultaneously, the low pH environment activates pepsin, improving protein digestibility. The lactic acid in acidifiers directly replenishes the metabolic substrates of lactic acid bacteria, promoting their proliferation. Conversely, the organic acids produced by probiotic metabolism can enhance the antibacterial effect of acidifiers.

[0081] Synergistic effect between enzyme preparations and probiotics: The digestible nutrients released by enzyme preparations are utilized by probiotics, promoting the colonization and proliferation of probiotics; the digestive enzymes secreted by probiotics can supplement the deficiency of exogenous enzyme preparations, further improving feed digestibility.

[0082] Synergistic effect of acidifiers and enzyme preparations: The appropriate gastric pH (3.5~4.5) is the optimal pH for pepsin to function, which can improve the pre-digestion of proteins and reduce the fermentation burden in the hindgut; the acidic environment can inhibit urease activity and reduce ammonia production.

[0083] Therefore, the combined effect of the three functional modules of compound probiotics (microbial regulation), compound acidifiers (chemical antibacterial), and compound enzyme preparations (enzymatic digestion) achieves a 1+1+1>3 effect, systematically solving the core problems of poor digestion and absorption, fragile intestinal barrier, and pathogen infection in chicks from three dimensions, and significantly improving the survival rate to over 98%.

[0084] Industrial applicability The compound feed formula and preparation method for laying hens and chicks provided by this invention have the following practical industrial advantages: Raw materials are widely available and costs are controllable. Corn, soybean meal, and corn gluten meal are all major raw materials for the feed industry, and the market supply is sufficient. Extruded corn, extruded soybeans, and fermented soybean meal can be obtained through external purchase or self-production. Compound probiotics, compound enzyme preparations, and compound acidifiers have all achieved industrialized production, with mature procurement channels and low costs.

[0085] The preparation process is mature and compatible with existing production lines. The processes used in this invention, such as extrusion, crushing, mixing, conditioning, pelleting, and cooling, are all common processes in the feed industry, requiring no additional investment in large-scale equipment. The key parameters such as temperature and pressure during extrusion, conditioning, and pelleting are fully compatible with the company's existing ring die pelleting production line; only simple adjustments are needed on the control system to achieve the production capabilities of this invention.

[0086] The product boasts stable quality and good reproducibility. Through optimization of key process parameters (expansion temperature 120~150℃, conditioning temperature 70~85℃, granulation temperature 75~85℃), the finished product contains 2 CFU / g of effective live probiotics and 80% enzyme activity retention of the compound enzyme preparation. After 6 months of storage at room temperature (25℃), the probiotic survival rate remains above 70% of the initial value, and the enzyme activity retention rate is above 60%, meeting quality standards.

[0087] The product demonstrates significant economic and social benefits. A trial involving 120,000 chicks at an egg-laying chicken farm in Hebei Province showed that after six consecutive batches of brooding, the survival rate reached over 98.4%, a 5.2 percentage point increase compared to the control group's 93.2%. Calculated per 10,000 chicks, each percentage point increase in survival rate translates to an additional 100 chicks surviving. Given that the comprehensive cost per hen from brooding to egg production is approximately 50 yuan, each percentage point increase in survival rate translates to an additional 5,000 yuan per 10,000 chicks. This product's 5.2 percentage point increase in survival rate can generate approximately 26,000 yuan in additional revenue per 10,000 chicks. Furthermore, the significant reduction in diarrhea rates reduces the use of veterinary drugs, lowers the risk of drug residues, and meets the requirements of green farming and food safety.

[0088] Environmental benefits. By adding phytase, this product significantly improves phosphorus utilization and reduces phosphorus emissions in feces. At the same time, the compound enzyme preparation and compound probiotics reduce the emission of organic matter and nitrogen in feces, mitigating the pollution of the environment by livestock waste.

[0089] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, guided by the concept of the present invention, various improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Furthermore, technical contents not described in detail in the present invention can be implemented using conventional means known in the prior art, such as microbial culture, enzyme production and compounding, and routine feed analysis. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0090] It is understood that the present invention has been described through some embodiments, and those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes or equivalent substitutions can be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Furthermore, under the teachings of the present invention, these features and embodiments can be modified to adapt to specific situations and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of this application are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compound feed formulation for improving the survival rate of pullet chicks, characterized in that, By weight, it includes the following components: Energy feed composition: 400-550 parts corn, 150-250 parts extruded corn, 5-15 parts soybean oil; Protein feed composition: 150-250 parts soybean meal, 50-100 parts extruded soybeans, 10-30 parts fish meal, and 20-60 parts fermented soybean meal; Mineral and amino acid composition: 10-20 parts stone powder, 10-20 parts dicalcium phosphate, 2-5 parts salt, 1.5-3 parts methionine, 1-2.5 parts lysine, 1-2 parts choline chloride; Functional additive components: 1-5 parts of compound probiotics, 0.5-2 parts of compound enzyme preparation, 1-4 parts of compound acidifier, 0.3-1 part of compound vitamins, and 0.5-1.5 parts of compound trace elements; Antioxidant 0.3 to 1 part.

2. The improved survival rate of layers' chicks' compound feed formulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound probiotics are composed of Clostridium butyricum, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces boulardii in a weight ratio of 2-4:1-3:1-2. According to claim 1, the compound feed formula for improving the survival rate of laying hens and chicks is characterized in that the compound enzyme preparation is composed of protease, xylanase, β-glucanase and phytase in a weight ratio of 2~4:1~3:1~2:1~2; According to claim 1, the compound feed formula for improving the survival rate of laying hens and chicks is characterized in that the compound acidifier is composed of citric acid, lactic acid and fumaric acid in a weight ratio of 2~5:1~3:1~2.

3. The improved survival rate of layers' chicks' compound feed formulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound probiotics contain Clostridium butyricum with an effective live count of 510 CFU / g, Bacillus subtilis with an effective live count of 110 CFU / g, and Saccharomyces boulardii with an effective live count of 110 CFU / g.

4. The improved survival rate of layers chick complex feed formula according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound enzyme preparation contains protease with an activity of 5000 U / g, xylanase with an activity of 10000 U / g, β-glucanase with an activity of 5000 U / g, and phytase with an activity of 3000 U / g.

5. The improved survival rate of layers chick complex feed formula according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound probiotics are composed of Clostridium butyricum, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces boulardii in a weight ratio of 3:2:

1.

6. The improved survival rate of layers chick complex feed formula according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound enzyme preparation is composed of protease, xylanase, β-glucanase and phytase in a weight ratio of 3:2:1.5:1.

5.

7. The improved livability pullet starter and grower composite feed formulation according to claim 1, wherein, The composite acidifier is composed of citric acid, lactic acid and fumaric acid in a weight ratio of 3:2:

1.

8. The improved livability pullet starter and grower composite feed formulation according to claim 1, wherein, The weight ratio of the compound probiotics, compound enzyme preparation and compound acidifier is 1~5:0.5~2:1~4.

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