A cleaning fixture for crankshaft oil holes

Abstract

This invention proposes a cleaning fixture for crankshaft oil holes, specifically relating to mechanical manufacturing equipment. The cleaning fixture for crankshaft oil holes includes a base and two support plates slidably connected to the base. The two support plates are fixedly connected. Each support plate is provided with a limiting component for clamping the crankshaft workpiece. A cleaning position is provided in the center of the base, and material handling positions are provided on both sides of the cleaning position. The cleaning fixture for crankshaft oil holes provided by this invention, through the cooperation of the fixedly connected double support plates with the central cleaning position and the material handling positions on both sides, moves alternately under the drive of a driving device. This allows one support plate to be in the cleaning position performing oil hole cleaning operations while the other support plate is simultaneously in the material handling position performing crankshaft loading and unloading, realizing parallel operation of cleaning and material handling processes, shortening equipment waiting time, and improving cleaning efficiency, equipment utilization, and operational continuity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mechanical manufacturing equipment technology, specifically to a cleaning fixture for crankshaft oil holes. Background Technology

[0002] As the core moving component of an engine, the crankshaft has multiple oil holes machined inside to deliver lubricating oil. After machining, these oil holes will have metal shavings, burrs, and other contaminants adhering to their inner walls. They must be thoroughly cleaned before assembly. If the cleaning is not thorough, the remaining hard particles will enter precision friction pairs such as the main journal and connecting rod journal with the lubricating oil during engine operation, causing bearing scoring and abnormal wear, which will seriously affect the reliability and service life of the engine. Therefore, efficient and thorough cleaning of the crankshaft oil holes is a crucial process in engine manufacturing.

[0003] In the existing technology, after cleaning a crankshaft oil hole, the cleaning fixture must stop to unload the cleaned workpiece and clamp the workpiece to be cleaned. This results in excessive downtime for the cleaning device, which limits equipment utilization and production cycle. Therefore, how to simplify the structure and achieve parallel cleaning and loading / unloading operations while ensuring cleaning accuracy, so as to minimize equipment downtime and improve overall cleaning efficiency, is an urgent problem to be solved in this field.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new cleaning fixture for crankshaft oil holes to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem this invention aims to solve is to overcome the common problems in existing crankshaft oil hole cleaning processes, such as discontinuous operation, low equipment utilization, and slow overall cleaning cycle time. This invention provides a cleaning fixture for crankshaft oil holes. The fixture, through a fixed connection of double support plates and a layout with a central cleaning position and two side loading / unloading positions, moves alternately under the drive of a driving device. This allows one support plate to be in the cleaning position performing oil hole cleaning while the other support plate is simultaneously in the loading / unloading position performing crankshaft loading and unloading, thereby achieving parallel operation of cleaning and loading / unloading processes, shortening equipment waiting time, and improving cleaning efficiency, equipment utilization, and operational continuity.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a cleaning fixture for crankshaft oil holes, comprising a base and two support plates slidably connected to the base, the two support plates being fixedly connected, a limiting component for clamping crankshaft workpieces being provided on the support plates, a cleaning position being provided in the middle of the base, and material taking positions being provided on both sides of the cleaning position on the base, the distance between the two support plates matching the distance between the material taking positions and the cleaning position, such that when one of the two support plates is in the cleaning position, the other support plate is in a material taking position, and a flushing component for cleaning crankshaft workpiece oil holes is provided at the cleaning position, the flushing component including a three-dimensionally movable flushing head.

[0007] Preferably, the two support plates are fixedly connected by a connecting plate, and a guide rail with an L-shaped cross-section is fixedly connected to the base. The support plate is provided with a guide groove that matches the size of the guide rail. A first electric push rod is fixedly connected to the base in a horizontal position, and the extended end of the first electric push rod is fixedly connected to the end of either of the two support plates.

[0008] Preferably, the limiting component includes a clamping plate and a first clamping block fixedly connected to the bearing plate. The clamping plate has a placement groove for limiting the rotation of the crankshaft workpiece, and the first clamping block has a first insertion hole adapted to the end of the crankshaft workpiece.

[0009] Preferably, the bottom of the placement groove is provided with a first drainage groove for drainage, and a gap is left between the bottom of the workpiece placed in the placement groove and the first drainage groove.

[0010] Preferably, the limiting component further includes a second locking block elastically connected to the bearing plate, the second locking block having a second insertion hole adapted to the end of the crankshaft workpiece facing away from the first locking block.

[0011] Preferably, the second locking block is slidably connected to the bearing plate via a limiting rod, and a spring is fixedly connected between the end of the second locking block and the bearing plate. In the initial state, the distance between the second locking block and the first locking block is the same as the length of the crankshaft workpiece.

[0012] Preferably, the flushing assembly includes a gantry frame slidably connected to the base and a movable platform slidably connected to the gantry frame. A movable plate is slidably connected to the movable platform along the height direction, and a flushing head for cleaning the oil holes of the crankshaft workpiece is fixedly connected to the movable plate.

[0013] Preferably, the base is fixedly connected to a horizontally arranged second electric push rod, the extended end of which is fixedly connected to the gantry frame. A horizontally arranged third electric push rod is fixedly connected to the gantry frame, the extended end of which is fixedly connected to the movable platform. The second and third electric push rods are vertically arranged in the vertical projection direction. A vertically arranged fourth electric push rod is fixedly connected to the movable platform, the extended end of which is fixedly connected to the movable plate.

[0014] Preferably, a protective cover is fixedly connected to the base, and the protective cover is located at the cleaning position of the base.

[0015] Preferably, the bearing plate has drainage slopes on both sides, and the base has multiple second drainage grooves. Beneficial effects

[0016] Compared with related technologies, the cleaning fixture for crankshaft oil holes provided by the present invention has the following advantages: 1. The cleaning fixture for crankshaft oil holes proposed in this invention enables the parallel operation of cleaning and loading / unloading processes on the timeline. When one bearing plate is in the cleaning position for high-pressure flushing, the operator can simultaneously unload the cleaned workpiece and clamp the workpiece to be cleaned at another material handling position. Subsequently, the first electric push rod drives the two stations to move synchronously by one station spacing, thereby exchanging their positions and starting the next work cycle. This eliminates the waiting window period for cleaning the spindle during loading and unloading in traditional single-station equipment, making effective use of non-processing time, thereby improving the overall utilization rate of the equipment and shortening the average operation time of a single product.

[0017] 2. The cleaning fixture for crankshaft oil holes proposed in this invention ensures the accuracy and stability of the cleaning process through its design. The limiting component, consisting of a clamping plate, a fixed first clamping block, and an elastically tightened second clamping block, can stably clamp the crankshaft, ensuring high consistency and high reliability of the cleaning effect for each crankshaft oil hole.

[0018] 3. The workstation switching, flushing head positioning and trajectory movement of the cleaning fixture for crankshaft oil holes proposed in this invention can all be completed by an electric push rod, reducing the labor intensity and skill requirements of operators. The protective cover improves operational safety and isolates the risk of high-pressure liquid and debris splashing. By modifying the motion coordinate sequence of the flushing head in the control program, the oil hole positions of different crankshaft models can be quickly adapted. The elastically clamping second clamp can also accommodate crankshaft length tolerances within a certain range. This design enables the fixture to meet the production needs of multiple varieties. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cleaning fixture for crankshaft oil holes according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cleaning fixture for removing the protective cover of a crankshaft oil hole according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a state diagram of the cleaning fixture for crankshaft oil holes according to the present invention during material change; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cleaning fixture for crankshaft oil holes according to the present invention from another angle; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the limiting component of a cleaning fixture for crankshaft oil holes according to the present invention. Figure 6 This is a side view schematic diagram of the clamping plate of a cleaning fixture for crankshaft oil holes according to the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the flushing assembly of a cleaning fixture for crankshaft oil holes according to the present invention. Figure 8 This is another schematic diagram of the flushing assembly of a cleaning fixture for crankshaft oil holes according to the present invention.

[0021] Explanation of icon numbers: 1. Base; 11. Bearing plate; 13. First drainage groove; 14. Drainage slope; 15. Second drainage groove; 16. Protective cover; 17. First electric push rod; 18. Cleaning position; 19. Material picking position; 120. Connecting plate; 121. Guide rail; 122. Guide groove; 2. Limiting assembly; 21. Material clamping plate; 211. Placement groove; 22. First clamping block; 221. First insertion hole; 23. Second clamping block; 231. Limiting rod; 232. Spring; 233. Second insertion hole; 3. Flushing assembly; 31. Gantry frame; 32. Second electric push rod; 33. Movable table; 34. Third electric push rod; 35. Movable plate; 36. Fourth electric push rod; 37. Flushing head; 4. Crankshaft workpiece. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Furthermore, in this invention, descriptions involving "first," "second," etc., are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0024] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixed" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can mean a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0025] Please see Figures 1 to 8 As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention provides a cleaning fixture for crankshaft oil holes, including a base 1 and two support plates 11 slidably connected to the base 1. The base 1 can be fixedly installed on the ground or a workbench. The two support plates 11 are fixedly connected as an integral motion unit. On the workbench surface of the base 1, three equidistant workstations are clearly marked along the length of the guide rail 121: a cleaning position 18 located in the middle, and left and right material handling positions 19 symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides of the cleaning position 18. The center distance between the two support plates 11 is equal to... The distance from the center of the cleaning position 18 to the center of any material picking position 19 is determined by the cylinder of a horizontally mounted first electric push rod 17, which is fixed to one end of the base 1 via a bracket. The end of its piston rod is fixed to any bearing plate 11. When the first electric push rod 17 is driven to extend or retract by a set stroke, it can drive the two bearing plates 11 to move stepwise between the three points of the left material picking position 19, the cleaning position 18, and the right material picking position 19, thereby ensuring that one bearing plate 11 is always precisely aligned with the cleaning position 18 and the other bearing plate 11 is always precisely aligned with a material picking position 19.

[0026] Specifically, the two support plates 11 are fixedly connected by a connecting plate 120. Two hard alloy guide rails 121 with inverted L-shaped cross sections are fixedly installed on the base 1. The vertical side of the guide rail 121 provides lateral positioning, and the horizontal side provides load bearing. The bottom of each support plate 11 is machined with a guide groove 122 that precisely matches the inverted L-shaped guide rail 121. A wear-resistant bushing is embedded in the guide groove 122. The first electric push rod 17 is a servo electric cylinder. Its cylinder body is fixed to one end of the base 1, and the end of the piston rod of the electric cylinder is fixed to the end of the support plate 11. This allows the reciprocating positioning of the two support plate 11 assemblies between three workstations to be precisely controlled by controlling the stroke of the servo electric cylinder.

[0027] The limiting component 2 includes a clamping plate 21 and a first clamping block 22 fixedly connected to the bearing plate 11. The clamping plate 21 is a rectangular steel plate, which is vertically fixed to the rear edge of the upper surface of the bearing plate 11. On its upper end face, multiple grooves matching the diameter of the main journal of each crankshaft are milled along the length direction as placement grooves 211, which are used to support the crankshaft and naturally center it to prevent it from rolling. A first drainage groove 13 is provided at the bottom of the groove. The first clamping block 22 is an independent steel block, which is fixed to the upper surface of the bearing plate 11 by bolts and is located on the outer side of one end of the clamping plate 21. A circular first insertion hole 221 is machined on the first clamping block 22. The diameter of the insertion hole is adapted to the specific positioning journal at one end of the crankshaft and is used for axial initial positioning and radial positioning of the crankshaft.

[0028] Furthermore, on the other end of the support plate 11 opposite to the first locking block 22, a slidable second locking block 23 is installed. The second locking block 23 is mounted on a smooth limiting rod 231 fixed parallel to the support plate 11 via a linear bearing, so that it can only slide in a direction parallel to the crankshaft axis. On the end face of the sliding block facing the first locking block 22, a second insertion hole 233 adapted to the other end of the crankshaft is machined. On the side of the sliding block facing away from the first locking block 22, a locking rod fixed to the support plate 11 is connected to the first locking block 22. Between the blocks, a compression spring 232 is installed. The preload of the spring 232 pushes the second locking block 23 to move towards the first locking block 22. When installing the crankshaft, first insert one end into the insertion hole of the first locking block 22, then push the other end of the crankshaft to compress the spring 232, causing the second locking block 23 to retract. After the second insertion hole 233 on it is aligned with the crankshaft journal, it is released. The force of the spring 232 will push the second locking block 23 back, so that its insertion hole is locked into the journal, thereby axially tightening the crankshaft from the other end.

[0029] Secondly, the gantry 31 of the flushing assembly 3 is a portal structure consisting of two vertical columns and a top crossbeam. Its bottom is slidably connected to two linear guide rails 121 on the base 1 via a sliding groove. A set of horizontally arranged movable platforms 33 is installed on the crossbeam of the gantry 31. A set of vertical movable plates 35 is vertically installed on the movable platforms 33. A flushing head 37 is then fixed on the movable plates 35. By controlling the movement of the gantry 31, the movable platforms 33 and the movable plates 35, the flushing head 37 can be driven to be positioned at any point within the space covering the entire crankshaft workpiece 4 and all oil hole inlets.

[0030] Secondly, the cylinder of the second electric push rod 32 is fixed to one side of the base 1 by a bracket, and the end of its piston rod is connected to the column on one side of the gantry 31. The cylinder of the third electric push rod 34 is fixed to one end of the crossbeam of the gantry 31 by a bracket, and the end of its piston rod is connected to the side of the movable platform 33. The cylinder of the fourth electric push rod 36 is fixed on the movable platform 33, and its piston rod is vertically downward, with the end connected to the movable plate 35 on which the flushing head 37 is installed. In specific implementation, all three electric push rods are servo-enabled electric push rods, and precise position control is achieved through built-in encoders. In terms of electrical control, they are connected to the same multi-axis motion control card, and the three-dimensional coordinate sequence of each oil hole inlet of the crankshaft is pre-taught or programmed. During operation, the control system sequentially drives the second electric push rod 32 and the third electric push rod 34 to position the flushing head 37 above the oil hole in the horizontal plane, and then drives the fourth electric push rod 36 to descend so that the nozzle of the flushing head 37 is aligned with the oil hole. Then the medium is turned on for cleaning, and after completion, it is lifted and moved to the next oil hole.

[0031] In addition, the protective cover 16 is a semi-enclosed or fully enclosed structure made of an aluminum profile frame and a transparent polycarbonate panel. Its bottom is fixed to the base 1 with bolts and completely covers the cleaning station area. A channel with a soft curtain can be opened on the protective cover 16 for the pipeline package of the flushing head 37 to pass through. The function of the protective cover 16 is to effectively isolate the splash of high-pressure cleaning fluid, oil mist and debris, keep the workshop environment clean, protect the safety of operators, and reduce equipment operating noise.

[0032] Furthermore, the upper surface of the support plate 11 is designed with an inclined angle from the middle to both sides, forming a natural drainage slope 14. At the lowest edge of the drainage slope 14, a through narrow slit is machined. On the two sides of the workbench panel of the base 1 corresponding to the movement paths of the two support plates 11, a stainless steel second drainage channel 15 with a "U" cross section is machined or installed. These drainage channels are arranged along the length of the base 1 and have a certain uniform slope. Finally, all the collected waste liquid is guided to the centralized discharge port at one or both ends of the base 1 and connected to the coolant recovery or sewage treatment system of the workshop through pipes. This ensures that all liquid flowing down from the workpiece and the support plate 11 can be quickly collected and discharged, ensuring that the working area is dry and preventing rust and slippage.

[0033] Working principle: When using the device, the operator first loads and unloads the crankshaft at the loading position 19, removing the cleaned crankshaft and installing the new crankshaft to be cleaned into the limiting component 2 at that position. During this time, another loading plate 11 is located at the cleaning position 18, where the crankshaft is being flushed. The flushing component 3 is driven by three servo electric push rods to precisely position the flushing head 37 in three-dimensional space, sequentially flushing all oil holes on each main journal and connecting rod journal of the crankshaft with high-pressure medium. When the operations at both ends are completed, the first electric push rod 17 is activated, driving the two loading plates 11 rigidly connected by the connecting plate 120 to move synchronously by one station spacing, so that the cleaned crankshaft can be flushed. The washable support plate 11 is moved to the pick-up position 19, while the support plate 11, which has just been clamped and is carrying the crankshaft to be cleaned, accurately enters the cleaning position 18. Then, a new round of parallel operation begins immediately. At the cleaning position 18, the flushing head 37 performs the cleaning procedure on the new crankshaft. At the same time, at the pick-up position 19, the operator can disassemble the cleaned crankshaft and clamp the new workpiece. The protective cover 16 effectively isolates splashes throughout the cleaning process, while the guide drainage design that runs through the support plate 11 and the base 1 ensures that the waste liquid is quickly collected and discharged. This cycle repeats itself. Through the optimization of the spatial layout, this fixture realizes the continuity of the cleaning operation, reduces the equipment idle waiting time, and improves the overall operation efficiency and equipment utilization rate.

[0034] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made under the concept of the present invention using the description and drawings of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cleaning fixture for crankshaft oil holes, characterized in that: The system includes a base (1) and two support plates (11) slidably connected to the base (1). The two support plates (11) are fixedly connected. A limiting component (2) for clamping a crankshaft workpiece (4) is provided on the support plate (11). A cleaning position (18) is provided in the middle of the base (1), and a material taking position (19) is provided on both sides of the cleaning position (18) of the base (1). The distance between the two support plates (11) matches the distance between the material taking position (19) and the cleaning position (18), so that when one of the two support plates (11) is located in the cleaning position (18), the other support plate (11) is located in a material taking position (19). A flushing component (3) for cleaning the oil hole of the crankshaft workpiece (4) is provided at the cleaning position (18). The flushing component (3) includes a three-dimensionally movable flushing head (37).

2. The cleaning fixture for crankshaft oil holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two support plates (11) are fixedly connected by a connecting plate (120). A guide rail (121) with an L-shaped cross section is fixedly connected to the base (1). A guide groove (122) adapted to the size of the guide rail (121) is opened on the support plate (11). A first electric push rod (17) is fixedly connected to the base (1) in a horizontal position. The extended end of the first electric push rod (17) is fixedly connected to the end of either of the two support plates (11).

3. The cleaning fixture for crankshaft oil holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting component (2) includes a clamping plate (21) and a first clamping block (22) fixedly connected to the bearing plate (11). The clamping plate (21) has a placement groove (211) for limiting the rotation of the crankshaft workpiece (4), and the first clamping block (22) has a first insertion hole (221) adapted to the end of the crankshaft workpiece (4).

4. The cleaning fixture for crankshaft oil holes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom of the placement groove (211) is provided with a first drainage groove (13) for drainage, and there is a gap between the bottom of the workpiece placed in the placement groove (211) and the first drainage groove (13).

5. The cleaning fixture for crankshaft oil holes according to claim 4, characterized in that: The limiting component (2) further includes a second locking block (23) elastically connected to the bearing plate (11), and the second locking block (23) has a second insertion hole (233) adapted to the end of the crankshaft workpiece (4) facing away from the first locking block (22).

6. The cleaning fixture for crankshaft oil holes according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second locking block (23) is slidably connected to the bearing plate (11) by a limiting rod (231), and a spring (232) is fixedly connected between the end of the second locking block (23) and the bearing plate (11). In the initial state, the distance between the second locking block (23) and the first locking block (22) is the same as the length of the crankshaft workpiece (4).

7. The cleaning fixture for crankshaft oil holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flushing assembly (3) includes a gantry (31) slidably connected to the base (1) and a movable platform (33) slidably connected to the gantry (31). A movable plate (35) is slidably connected to the movable platform (33) along the height direction. A flushing head (37) for cleaning the oil holes of the crankshaft workpiece (4) is fixedly connected to the movable plate (35).

8. The cleaning fixture for crankshaft oil holes according to claim 7, characterized in that: The base (1) is fixedly connected to a horizontally arranged second electric push rod (32), the extended end of the second electric push rod (32) is fixedly connected to the gantry frame (31), the gantry frame (31) is fixedly connected to a horizontally arranged third electric push rod (34), the extended end of the third electric push rod (34) is fixedly connected to the movable platform (33), and the second electric push rod (32) and the third electric push rod (34) are vertically arranged in the vertical projection direction. The movable platform (33) is fixedly connected to a vertically arranged fourth electric push rod (36), the extended end of the fourth electric push rod (36) is fixedly connected to the movable plate (35).

9. The cleaning fixture for crankshaft oil holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: A protective cover (16) is fixedly connected to the base (1), and the protective cover (16) is located at the cleaning position (18) of the base (1).

10. The cleaning fixture for crankshaft oil holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both sides of the bearing plate (11) are provided with drainage slopes (14) arranged in an inclined manner, and the base (1) is provided with multiple second drainage grooves (15).

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