A high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation-based shockproof escape system

Abstract

This invention relates to the interdisciplinary field of superconducting technology and emergency safety, specifically providing a shock-resistant escape system based on high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation. The system includes a vibration detection trigger module for detecting vibration signals and outputting a trigger signal when an abnormal vibration is detected; and an ejection unlock module connected to the vibration detection trigger module, which, upon receiving the trigger signal, drives the vehicle in the high-temperature superconducting levitation vehicle module to detach from its initial locked position and enter the track area of ​​the NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole track module. The high-temperature superconducting levitation vehicle module includes a vehicle and a high-temperature superconducting block, with the vehicle used for levitation within the track area. The NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole track module requires no external power supply or electronic control drive, providing a levitation magnetic field and running track for the vehicle. A passive braking module is located at the end of the NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole track module, providing non-electric braking for the vehicle entering the track area. This system improves the safety and efficiency of shock-resistant emergency escape.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of superconducting technology and emergency safety technology, specifically providing an earthquake escape system based on high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation. Background Technology

[0002] Earthquake disasters are characterized by their suddenness and destructiveness, placing high demands on the reliability and response speed of emergency escape technologies. Traditional escape methods, such as evacuation staircases and escape ladders, have many shortcomings in actual disaster scenarios: low evacuation efficiency, long evacuation times for people in high-rise buildings, and the risk of stampedes; some escape devices rely on electric power, which can fail due to power outages during earthquakes; escape routes are easily blocked by building structural deformation and collapse, resulting in insufficient reliability; and some escape devices have high frictional resistance, poor sliding stability, and are prone to causing secondary injuries.

[0003] High-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation technology offers advantages such as contactless and passive stable levitation. However, existing superconducting magnetic levitation systems are mostly geared towards conventional scenarios such as transportation and logistics, lacking specialized designs for earthquake emergency escape scenarios. They also lack rapid triggering and unlocking mechanisms adapted to escape scenarios, and suffer from difficulties in balancing miniaturization of cooling structures, maintaining heat preservation time with device lightweighting, and the braking process is prone to impact. These shortcomings make it difficult to meet the safety, stability, and reliability requirements for emergency escape in disaster scenarios such as earthquakes. This paper aims to achieve passive stable levitation and gliding while simultaneously considering vehicle lightweighting, continuous maintenance of superconductivity, and passive smooth braking to improve the safety and reliability of escape in disaster scenarios such as earthquakes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an earthquake escape system based on high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation to solve the problems of traditional escape methods relying on electricity, low evacuation efficiency, and low reliability.

[0005] This application provides an earthquake escape system based on high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation, the system comprising: Vibration detection trigger module, ejection unlock module, high temperature superconducting levitation vehicle module, NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole magnetic track module, and passive braking module; The vibration detection trigger module is used to detect vibration signals and output a trigger signal when an abnormal vibration is detected. The ejection unlocking module is connected to the vibration detection triggering module. After receiving the trigger signal, the ejection unlocking module drives the vehicle in the high-temperature superconducting levitation vehicle module to leave the initial locking position and enter the track area where the NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole magnetic track module is located. The high-temperature superconducting levitation vehicle module includes a vehicle and a high-temperature superconducting block, and the vehicle is used to levitate and operate within the orbital region. The NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole magnetic track module is used to provide the vehicle with a levitation magnetic field and an operating track; The passive braking module is located at the end of the NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole track module and is used to provide non-electric braking for the vehicle entering the track area.

[0006] In some embodiments, the vibration detection trigger module is used to detect vibration signals and output a trigger signal when an abnormal vibration is determined, including: When the vibration detection trigger module detects a vibration signal, if the vibration signal is greater than the vibration threshold, it determines that the vibration is abnormal and outputs a trigger signal to the ejection unlocking module.

[0007] In some embodiments, the vehicle is configured to levitate within the orbital region, including: The high-temperature superconducting levitation vehicle module is equipped with a YBCO high-temperature superconducting block. After the YBCO high-temperature superconducting block is injected with liquid nitrogen and rapidly enters the superconducting state, it interacts with the NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole magnetic track module through the magnetic flux pinning effect to achieve stable levitation and operation of the vehicle.

[0008] In some embodiments, the passive braking module includes: A permanent magnet damping track is obtained, wherein the magnetic pole arrangement density of the permanent magnet damping track is greater than that of other areas of the NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole track module, so as to form a magnetic field gradient enhancement region; the magnetic field gradient enhancement region is used to generate non-contact magnetic resistance to the vehicle entering it, so as to achieve electric braking of the vehicle.

[0009] This application provides an earthquake escape system based on high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation. By employing high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation technology and a mechanical energy storage ejection unlocking module, the system operates without external power supply throughout its operation after vibration triggering, effectively adapting to extreme scenarios where power outages occur due to disasters such as earthquakes. Vibration detection is rapid and the response is quick, ensuring reliable triggering. The vehicle can maintain stable gliding even when the magnetic track experiences slight vibrations, with short braking response time and no impact damage. It ensures continuous superconductivity within the effective escape window, thereby improving the safety and efficiency of disaster emergency escape. Attached Figure Description

[0010] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0011] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the earthquake escape system based on high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation provided by the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall framework of the earthquake escape system based on high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation provided by the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a vibration detection and braking device model for an earthquake escape system based on high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation provided by the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the high-temperature superconducting levitation vehicle module of the earthquake escape system based on high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation provided by the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic pole arrangement structure of the earthquake escape system based on high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0012] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0013] The following is combined Figures 1 to 5 The illustrated embodiments describe the technical solution of the present invention: This application provides an embodiment of an earthquake escape system based on high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation, referring to... Figure 1 As shown, the earthquake escape system based on high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation provided in this embodiment includes the following steps: S110: Vibration detection trigger module, used to detect vibration signals and output a trigger signal when an abnormal vibration is detected.

[0014] In some embodiments, the implementation of step S110 (vibration detection trigger module, used to detect vibration signals and output trigger signals when an abnormal vibration is determined) may include: It should be noted that existing superconducting magnetic levitation systems cannot be directly transplanted due to three major bottlenecks: lack of a rapid triggering mechanism adapted to escape scenarios, difficulty in balancing miniaturization with cooling and insulation, and the risk of impact during braking, which prevents them from meeting the emergency escape needs in disaster scenarios.

[0015] It should be noted that the system adopts an integrated design of "perception-decision-levitation-braking", with STM32 as the control core. It achieves contactless levitation and gliding through the magnetic flux pinning effect, and achieves precise braking through the arrangement of SNS magnetic poles at the end.

[0016] The earthquake escape system based on high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation includes a vibration detection trigger module, an ejection unlocking module, a high-temperature superconducting levitation vehicle module, an NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole track module, and a passive braking module. A schematic diagram of the overall framework is shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the overall framework includes a vibration detection braking zone, a suspension zone, and a track.

[0017] Specifically, the vibration detection trigger module uses an STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller as its control core, integrating an SW-18010P vibration sensor, an S90 servo motor, a buzzer, and an OLED display. A schematic diagram of the vibration detection braking device model is shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the vibration detection braking device model includes: a stop lever, a servo motor, a switch, a vibration sensor, a buzzer, and a mobile power supply.

[0018] It should be noted that the system is normally in a liquid nitrogen pre-cooling state. The liquid nitrogen cooling unit pre-stores liquid nitrogen, the aluminum foil insulation layer maintains the superconducting block at a low temperature, the rubber band is in a stretched pre-energy storage state, the vibration sensor monitors the environment in real time, the YBCO high-temperature superconducting block at the bottom of the vehicle remains in a superconducting state, and the superconducting block is in a low-temperature cooling standby state.

[0019] Vibration sensors are used to detect vibration signals in real time. When the vibration signal exceeds the vibration threshold, it is determined to be an abnormal vibration and a trigger signal is output to the ejection unlocking module.

[0020] It should be noted that the vibration sensor in the vibration detection trigger module detects environmental vibration signals in real time. When a vibration signal ≥0.1g is detected, the vibration threshold is set to 0.1g, the vibration sensor triggers an alarm, and simultaneously sends a start signal to the system controller. Within 1 second, the controller triggers the servo motor to release the rubber band ejection mechanism, converting elastic potential energy into the initial kinetic energy of the vehicle. The system is normally in standby mode: the YBCO superconducting block is maintained in a superconducting state through continuous pre-cooling with liquid nitrogen. After the vehicle enters the superconducting state, it achieves stable levitation and gliding (levitation gap 10-30mm) through the magnetic flux pinning effect between the YBCO superconducting block and the magnetic track. When the vehicle reaches the end of the magnetic track, the passive braking module generates braking force through magnetic field gradient reversal, completing smooth braking without the need for continuous external power supply.

[0021] It should be noted that YBCO superconducting blocks can be replaced by other homologous blocks, such as GdBCO, SmBCO, etc. These superconducting blocks can be collectively referred to as REBCO, where RE represents rare earth elements such as Y, Gd, and Sm.

[0022] Specifically, after the trigger signal is output, two actions are executed simultaneously: 1) The sound and light warning device in the vibration detection trigger module is activated to issue an alarm to the surrounding personnel, so as to prompt the personnel to quickly enter the vehicle of the high-temperature superconducting levitation vehicle module; 2) The electromagnetic lock release mechanism in the ejection unlocking module is driven to release the mechanical lock on the vehicle instantly, so that the vehicle enters the track area where the NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole magnetic track module is located under the action of the ejection mechanism of the ejection unlocking module.

[0023] It should be noted that the system immediately triggers an audible and visual alarm and starts the actuator. Within 1 second after triggering, a signal is sent to the microcontroller. The microcontroller outputs a PWM signal to control the servo motor to rotate 90°. The microcontroller controls the servo motor to release the rubber band, converting the elastic potential energy into the initial kinetic energy of the vehicle. Within 1 second, the servo motor is driven to release the rubber band ejection mechanism, converting the elastic potential energy into the initial kinetic energy of the vehicle, releasing the pre-stored rubber band ejection mechanism. At the same time, the buzzer starts the alarm, and the OLED screen displays the system status.

[0024] For example, the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller of the vibration detection trigger module receives the signal from the SW-18010P vibration sensor through the PA0 pin. After processing, it outputs a PWM signal through the PB6 pin to control the S90 servo motor. The mechanical structure of the servo motor and the rubber band launching mechanism of the vehicle are physically linked through the building blocks. At the same time, the microcontroller drives the buzzer alarm through the PB12 pin and communicates with the OLED display through the PB10 (SCL) and PB11 (SDA) pins to display the system status in real time, forming a complete electrical signal closed loop of "perception-decision-execution-feedback".

[0025] It should be noted that the modules work together through mechanical connections and electrical signal interaction, requiring no external power support and being fully adaptable to extreme disaster environments.

[0026] It should be noted that after the vibration detection trigger module detects a vibration signal of ≥0.1g, it triggers the servo motor to release the rubber band ejection mechanism within 1 second, converting the elastic potential energy into the initial kinetic energy of the vehicle. After the vehicle enters the superconducting state, it achieves stable levitation and gliding through the magnetic flux pinning effect between the YBCO superconducting block and the magnetic track. When the vehicle reaches the end of the magnetic track, the passive braking module generates braking force through the reversal of the magnetic field gradient, completing smooth braking without the need for continuous external power supply.

[0027] It should be noted that the system has a response time of less than 1 second, a suspension height of up to 10±0.5 mm, a maximum load capacity of 500 g, and a braking time of less than 2 seconds. It can complete the escape without continuous external power supply and is suitable for densely populated places such as high-rise buildings and subway stations, significantly improving the safety and efficiency of disaster emergency escape.

[0028] S120: The ejection unlocking module is connected to the vibration detection triggering module. Upon receiving a trigger signal, the ejection unlocking module drives the vehicle in the high-temperature superconducting levitation vehicle module to leave the initial locked position and enter the track area where the NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole magnetic track module is located.

[0029] In some embodiments, the above step S120 (the ejection unlocking module is connected to the vibration detection triggering module, and is used to drive the carrier in the high-temperature superconducting levitation carrier module to leave the initial locked position and enter the track area where the NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole magnetic track module is located after receiving a trigger signal) can be implemented in the following ways: It should be noted that the system is normally in standby mode: continuous precooling with liquid nitrogen maintains the YBCO superconducting block in a superconducting state, and the vehicle is positioned at the starting point of the track via a mechanical locking device. When the vibration detection trigger model outputs a trigger signal, the ejection unlocking module instantly releases the ejection mechanism, giving the vehicle initial kinetic energy and allowing it to enter the permanent magnet track. After entering the track, the vehicle utilizes the magnetic flux pinning effect of the superconducting block to achieve contactless and stable gliding. When the vehicle reaches the end of the track, passive braking force is generated by changes in the magnetic field gradient, achieving a smooth stop. The entire escape process requires no external power except for the trigger signal, demonstrating high reliability and disaster resistance.

[0030] The ejection unlocking module is electrically connected to the vibration detection triggering module. The ejection unlocking module is equipped with an elastic energy storage mechanism. After receiving the trigger signal, the ejection unlocking module controls the elastic energy storage mechanism to release the stored elastic potential energy within a preset time. The elastic potential energy is converted into the initial kinetic energy of the vehicle in the high-temperature superconducting levitation vehicle module, which pushes the vehicle away from the initial locked position and into the track area where the NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole magnetic track module is located.

[0031] It should be noted that the preset time is 1 second. Within 1 second, the controller triggers the servo to release the rubber band ejection mechanism, giving the vehicle initial kinetic energy. The rubber band is only used as auxiliary power to quickly get out of the vehicle's initial locked position, rather than to provide the main driving kinetic energy.

[0032] For example, the ejection mechanism uses a compression spring or rubber band assembly. For instance, the controller is connected to a servo motor, which is mechanically connected to the rubber band ejection mechanism. When the controller receives a trigger signal, it drives the servo motor to release the rubber band within 1 second. The elastic potential energy stored in the rubber band is released instantaneously, propelling the vehicle to its initial velocity.

[0033] It should be noted that the permanent magnet track is designed with a slight downward slope, and the main sliding force of the vehicle comes from the gravity component. At this time, the ejection mechanism (such as a rubber band) is only used to provide initial kinetic energy, so that the vehicle can quickly leave the initial locking position and enter the main track, ensuring that it can continue to slide under the action of gravity.

[0034] S130: The high-temperature superconducting levitation vehicle module includes a vehicle and a high-temperature superconducting block. The vehicle is used to levitate and operate within the orbital region. The NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole magnetic track module is used to provide the levitation magnetic field and the operating track for the vehicle.

[0035] In some embodiments, the implementation of step S130 (the high-temperature superconducting levitation vehicle module includes a vehicle and a high-temperature superconducting block, the vehicle being used to levitate and operate within the orbital region; the NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole magnetic orbit module being used to provide the vehicle with a levitation magnetic field and an operating orbit) may include: It should be noted that personnel enter the escape capsule and press the start button or the system automatically detects that boarding is complete. The vehicle enters the permanent magnet track area, where the pre-cooled YBCO superconducting block and the permanent magnet track achieve stable levitation through the flux pinning effect, allowing the vehicle to glide with low resistance. The vehicle automatically levitates and locks itself above the track; even if the ground shakes violently, the vehicle will always glide smoothly along the original magnetic track direction, and the personnel inside will not feel any vibration.

[0036] A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the high-temperature superconducting levitation vehicle module is shown below. Figure 4 As shown, it includes a manned platform and eight YBCO superconducting blocks.

[0037] It should be noted that the modules are mechanically connected. The high-temperature superconducting levitation vehicle module is rigidly fixed to the manned platform through two 5mm diameter cylindrical support rods. The bottom of the vehicle is equipped with 8 YBCO superconducting blocks (4 blocks per box), which are designed to match the magnetic track spacing and the assembly dimensions of the manned platform. They are precisely aligned with the center of the dual tracks of the NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole magnetic track to ensure that there is no deviation in the magnetic field coupling between the superconducting blocks and the magnetic track. The passive braking module, as the end integrated section of the magnetic track, is seamlessly connected to the magnetic track of the main levitation section without any additional mechanical splicing structure, ensuring a smooth transition for the vehicle's gliding.

[0038] The high-temperature superconducting levitation vehicle module contains a YBCO high-temperature superconducting block. Liquid nitrogen is injected into the YBCO high-temperature superconducting block to cool it below the critical temperature, after which it enters the superconducting state. The orbital magnetic field generated by the NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole magnetic orbital module, which is positioned opposite the bottom of the vehicle, penetrates the interior of the YBCO high-temperature superconducting block in the form of magnetic flux quanta. It is captured and fixed by pinning centers such as defects and grain boundaries inside the superconducting block, forming a stable magnetic flux pinning effect, thereby achieving stable levitation and operation of the vehicle.

[0039] It should be noted that the YBCO high-temperature superconducting block is a non-ideal type II superconductor with significant magnetic flux pinning capability. When YBCO is cooled below the critical temperature (usually cooled to 77K, i.e. -196℃ using liquid nitrogen) and enters the superconducting state, the YBCO high-temperature superconducting block can be rapidly brought into the superconducting state by injecting liquid nitrogen, and the superconducting state can be maintained continuously within a preset escape time to ensure that the levitation function is not interrupted. This will result in magnetic field penetration and pinning, as well as the formation of pinning force.

[0040] It should be noted that when the vehicle is displaced downwards by gravity, the magnetic flux lines penetrating the superconducting block are stretched, and a lossless superconducting current is induced in the superconductor. This superconducting current interacts electromagnetically with the track magnetic field, generating an upward levitation force. This levitation force is balanced with the vehicle's own weight, achieving contactless levitation between the vehicle and the track.

[0041] It should be noted that the self-stabilizing guidance and position locking process is as follows: due to the magnetic flux pinning effect, a mechanical connection is established between the superconducting block and the orbital magnetic field.

[0042] When the vehicle experiences lateral shift, pitch, or swaying during levitation, the relative position of the magnetic flux lines inside the YBCO high-temperature superconducting block with respect to the pinning center changes, causing the magnetic flux pinning effect to generate a restoring force containing both repulsive and attractive components. This restoring force is used to reset the vehicle to its equilibrium position, thereby constraining the relative position between the vehicle and the NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole track module, achieving self-sustaining stable levitation and guidance.

[0043] It should be noted that this restoring force can effectively prevent relative displacement between the vehicle and the track, driving the vehicle to automatically return to the equilibrium position, thereby achieving self-sustaining stable suspension and guidance without the need for active control.

[0044] It should be noted that when the vertical component of the restoring force generated by the magnetic flux pinning effect is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the weight of the vehicle and is in balance with it, the vehicle can be stably suspended above the track. At the same time, the horizontal component of the restoring force forms a guiding force, which can constrain the vehicle to move along the track extension direction, effectively preventing the vehicle from derailing, ensuring the safety and stability of the suspended operation, and preventing derailment.

[0045] Specifically, the restoring force includes a vertical component and a horizontal component; the vertical component is used to balance the weight of the vehicle so that the vehicle is stably suspended above the track; the horizontal component is used to form a guiding force to constrain the vehicle to move in the direction of track extension and to prevent the vehicle from derailing laterally.

[0046] It should be noted that the NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole track module is composed of permanent magnets arranged alternately in NSN and SNS configurations, forming a stable magnetic field with spatial periodicity and intensity gradient distribution along the track extension direction, providing a magnetic field source for levitation and guidance.

[0047] It should be noted that the YBCO high-temperature superconducting bulk material interacts with the NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole magnetic track through the magnetic flux pinning effect, achieving passive, contactless, highly stable, and self-guided levitation operation.

[0048] Specifically, the high-temperature superconducting levitation vehicle module consists of a double-corrugated cardboard box (120mm×40mm×50mm), YBCO high-temperature superconducting blocks (15×15×5mm³), a liquid nitrogen cooling unit, and an aluminum foil insulation layer. The two boxes are rigidly connected by a 5mm diameter cylindrical support rod, and the interior is lined with an aluminum foil insulation layer to reduce liquid nitrogen evaporation. Each box contains four YBCO superconducting blocks, precisely aligned with the center of the magnetic track. After liquid nitrogen is injected, the temperature drops below the critical temperature within 30 seconds, entering the superconducting state.

[0049] It should be noted that the YBCO superconducting block inside the vehicle achieves a force balance with the magnetic track through the magnetic flux pinning effect, thus achieving stable suspension of 10±0.5mm and frictionless gliding along the NSN segment.

[0050] For example, the superconducting state maintenance design of the high-temperature superconducting levitation vehicle module is as follows: the main body of the vehicle adopts a low-temperature constant-temperature structure, and the outer layer is a double corrugated cardboard box (120mm×40mm×50mm in size), with a 0.5mm thick aluminum foil insulation layer. The aluminum foil insulation layer can reduce the liquid nitrogen evaporation rate by 30% and reduce the loss of cooling capacity. Each box contains 4 YBCO superconducting blocks (each block is 15mm×15mm×5mm in size). After liquid nitrogen is injected, the temperature can be reduced to below the critical temperature within 30 seconds and enter the superconducting state. Combined with the above insulation design, the superconducting blocks can continuously maintain the superconducting state within the escape window to ensure that the levitation function is not interrupted.

[0051] For example, the magnetic field stability design of the NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole magnetic track module is as follows: the main suspension section adopts a repeating arrangement of 43 rows of NSN-type magnetic pole arrays to form a uniform vertical magnetic field gradient above the track. The peak value of the vertical magnetic field above the N pole is 0.4T, and the peak value of the vertical magnetic field above the S pole is 0.6T.

[0052] It should be noted that a uniform magnetic field gradient ensures a balanced distribution of magnetic flux pinning force in the superconducting block, preventing vehicle malfunctions caused by uneven local forces. The bottom of the magnetic track uses a 5mm thick iron plate base, which utilizes the closure effect to guide leakage magnetic flux to the area below the track, enhancing magnetic field strength and reducing magnetic flux distortion, thereby improving the stability of the magnetic field environment. Even if an earthquake causes slight vibrations in the magnetic track, the vehicle can still glide stably along the track, indirectly extending the effective escape time.

[0053] It should be noted that contactless stable levitation and guidance are achieved through the magnetic flux pinning effect between the superconducting block and the permanent magnet track, allowing the vehicle to glide along the track with low resistance under the influence of initial kinetic energy. Stable levitation without the need for electricity is achieved by utilizing the magnetic flux pinning effect. Because the flux tube is pinned, even if there are some irregularities in the track, the superconducting block can maintain levitation through adaptive adjustment of the pinning force, exhibiting anti-disturbance capabilities.

[0054] The NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole track module includes a repeating array of magnetic poles along the track extension direction, which is configured to form a uniform vertical magnetic field gradient above the track.

[0055] In the magnetic pole array, N-pole permanent magnets and S-pole permanent magnets are arranged alternately, and are configured such that the peak value of the vertical magnetic field above the N-pole has a preset difference from the peak value of the vertical magnetic field above the S-pole, in order to enhance the guiding stiffness of the high-temperature superconducting levitation vehicle module; a schematic diagram of the magnetic pole arrangement structure is shown below. Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 The figure includes Figure (a) and Figure (b). Figure (a) shows the NSN region, the support base, and the SNS braking region; Figure (b) shows the magnetic pole arrangement including a periodic alternation pattern of SNS or NSN.

[0056] It should be noted that multiple permanent magnet units are continuously laid along the track extension direction; on the cross section perpendicular to the track extension direction, multiple permanent magnet units are arranged according to the Halbach array pattern to enhance the magnetic field strength above the track and reduce magnetic field leakage below the track.

[0057] Specifically, the magnetic pole array includes multiple permanent magnet units that are continuously laid out along the track extension direction; On a cross-section perpendicular to the direction of track extension, the permanent magnet units are arranged in a Halbach array; In the longitudinal direction parallel to the orbital extension, the magnetic pole arrangement of the permanent magnet unit includes a periodic alternation pattern of SNS or NSN to form a magnetic field distribution with strong gradient characteristics above the orbit, which interacts with the high-temperature superconducting block to achieve stable levitation.

[0058] For example, the NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole track module uses N52 grade neodymium iron boron permanent magnets (9×9×9mm³), with two parallel tracks arranged at a center-to-center distance of 20cm. In the main suspension section, the first 43 rows of magnets have an NSN repeating pole arrangement, generating a uniform vertical magnetic field gradient, with the N-row peak value at 0.4T and the S-row valley value at 0.6T. In the final braking section, the last 3 rows of magnets have an SNS pole arrangement, achieving magnetic field gradient reversal. The bottom of the magnetic track uses an iron plate base to enhance magnetic field strength and reduce magnetic flux distortion.

[0059] It should be noted that the magnetic field design parameters of the magnetic track are adapted to the superconducting blocks: the main section of the magnetic track adopts a 43-row NSN repeating magnetic pole arrangement to generate a uniform vertical magnetic field gradient (0.4T peak value of N row and 0.6T valley value of S row), which is precisely aligned with the arrangement of the 8 YBCO superconducting blocks (4 blocks per box) in the carrier, ensuring that each superconducting block is in a uniform magnetic field environment and avoiding the imbalance of magnetic flux pinning force due to uneven magnetic field distribution.

[0060] It should be noted that the magnetic field gradient is matched with the levitation stability: the magnetic field gradient design in the vertical direction of the magnetic track is adapted to the magnetic flux pinning characteristics of the YBCO superconducting block. The uniform gradient field makes the magnetic flux lines inside the superconducting block uniformly pinned, generating a stable levitation force of 10±0.5mm in the vertical direction to counteract the gravity of the vehicle (including the load); the magnetic field constraint force in the horizontal direction is consistent with the sliding direction of the vehicle. Even if the magnetic track vibrates slightly due to an earthquake, it can still limit the lateral displacement of the vehicle and ensure the sliding stability.

[0061] It should be noted that the magnetic pole period is matched with the vehicle structure: every 3 rows of magnets in the magnetic track form a complete magnetic pole period (the period length is about 27mm), which is proportionally matched with the length of the vehicle box (120mm) and the spacing between the superconducting blocks. This ensures that at least 2 sets of superconducting blocks are always in the effective magnetic field area during the vehicle's gliding process, thus avoiding the interruption of levitation due to the mismatch between the magnetic field period and the vehicle structure.

[0062] It should be noted that the matching between the enhanced magnetic field of the iron base and the maintenance of the superconducting state is as follows: the 5mm thick iron plate base at the bottom of the magnetic track enhances the surface field strength and reduces magnetic flux distortion through the closure effect, thereby improving the interaction efficiency between the superconducting block and the magnetic field. With the cooperation of the liquid nitrogen cooling unit, the superconducting state maintenance time is extended, which indirectly ensures the continuity of levitation and gliding and meets the requirements of the escape window.

[0063] It should be noted that the vehicle glides along a pre-set magnetic track, utilizing the slight kinetic energy of earthquake aftershocks and the low-friction characteristics of superconducting levitation. When the vehicle reaches the end of the magnetic track, the passive braking module generates a repulsive force with the superconducting block through a pre-set reverse permanent magnet array. This, combined with the electromagnetic induction damping generated by the damping coil integrated into the track, forms the braking force, gradually reducing the vehicle's speed and ultimately achieving smooth braking. Throughout the entire process, the system's daily pre-cooling, trigger start-up, levitation gliding, and passive braking all rely on pre-set energy storage, such as liquid nitrogen pre-cooling and supercapacitor emergency power supply, eliminating the need for continuous external power supply and ensuring normal operation even during earthquake power outages.

[0064] S140: The passive braking module is located at the end of the NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole track module and is used to provide non-electric braking for vehicles entering the track area.

[0065] In some embodiments, step S140 (the passive braking module is disposed at the end of the NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole track module to provide non-electric braking for the vehicle entering the track area) includes: It should be noted that the passive braking module relies on the double-peaked valley magnetic field topology formed by the SNS magnetic pole arrangement. When the suspended vehicle enters the braking section, the magnetic field gradient reverses from upward to downward, the magnetic flux pinning force reverses to generate braking force, and the initial kinetic energy of the rubber band is exhausted. The vehicle stops smoothly within 2 seconds with displacement fluctuation <5mm.

[0066] For example, the progressive braking design with magnetic field gradient reversal: the passive braking module adopts a 3-row SNS magnetic pole arrangement to form a double-peak valley magnetic field topology, so that the magnetic field gradient reverses from upward to downward, and the direction of magnetic flux pinning force is reversed synchronously, generating a drag-type braking force opposite to the sliding direction of the vehicle, rather than the rigid impact of mechanical braking; the magnetic field strength of the SNS arrangement evolves in a three-stage manner of "deep valley-gentle peak-collapse" (first row S pole field strength -0.4T, second row N pole field strength -0.4T, third row S pole field strength -0.6T).

[0067] It should be noted that the braking force gradually increases to avoid instantaneous impact. When the suspended vehicle enters the braking phase, the magnetic field gradient reverses from upward to downward, and the direction of the magnetic flux pinning force reverses to generate braking force. At the same time, the initial kinetic energy of the rubber band is exhausted, and the vehicle comes to a stable stop within 2 seconds. The displacement fluctuation during braking is less than 1mm, with no impact damage, effectively solving the problem of secondary injury caused by traditional braking methods.

[0068] It should be noted that when the vehicle reaches the end of the track, the passive braking module uses the electromagnetic damping and magnetic flux pinning effect between the reverse permanent magnet array and the superconducting block to generate braking force, thereby achieving smooth deceleration and braking.

[0069] Specifically, the passive braking module includes a permanent magnet damping track located at the end of the NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole track module. The magnetic pole density of this track is greater than that of other areas within the NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole track module, creating a magnetic field gradient enhancement zone. When the vehicle slides into this magnetic field gradient enhancement zone, the drastic change in magnetic field strength generates non-contact magnetic resistance, achieving electric braking. Once the vehicle has slid to the end and come to a complete stop, personnel can safely transfer to a refuge point, completing the entire escape process.

[0070] It should be noted that when the vehicle approaches the safety zone at the end of the track, it enters a specially designed braking section track (magnetic field reversed or gradient enhanced); the superconducting bulk material moves in the changing magnetic field, generating huge resistance (pinning force), which converts kinetic energy into heat energy and dissipates it, allowing the vehicle to decelerate smoothly; the vehicle contacts the end buffer (or permanent magnet spring) at an extremely low speed, completing a safe stop.

[0071] It should be noted that the system's triggering, ejection, levitation, and braking processes do not require continuous external power supply, allowing it to operate reliably even under power outage conditions during an earthquake. When the vehicle enters the SNS braking section, the magnetic field gradient reverses, generating braking force, resulting in smooth deceleration and a complete escape.

[0072] It should be noted that with the coordinated control of braking energy, the initial kinetic energy (stored elastic potential energy of 0.8J) of the rubber band ejection mechanism has naturally decayed when the vehicle slides to the braking section, forming a dynamic balance with the braking force generated by the reversal of the magnetic field gradient. According to actual tests, the vehicle can come to a stable stop within 2 seconds after entering the braking section, and the displacement fluctuation during the braking process is <1mm, with no impact damage, effectively solving the problem that traditional braking methods are prone to causing secondary injuries.

[0073] For example, the experimental parameters and verification are as follows: 1. Laboratory prototype verification scenario (1) Operating environment Hardware environment: STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller, SW-18010P vibration sensor, S90 servo motor, YBCO superconducting block (15×15×5mm³), N52 neodymium iron boron magnet (9×9×9mm³), iron plate base (5mm thick), corrugated cardboard box, aluminum foil insulation layer, liquid nitrogen storage tank; Software environment: Keil5 programming environment; control program written in C language to implement vibration detection, servo control, and status display functions.

[0074] (2) Core parameters Magnetic track: Double track spacing 20cm, main section with 43 rows of NSN arrangement, braking section with 3 rows of SNS arrangement, total length 50cm; Suspension vehicle: Dimensions 120mm×40mm×50mm, with 4 built-in YBCO superconducting blocks and an aluminum foil insulation layer with a thickness of 0.5mm; Trigger threshold: Vibration sensor detection threshold 0.1g, servo motor action delay <1s; Performance indicators: suspension height 10±0.5mm, gliding time 4.5s, braking displacement fluctuation <1mm, maximum load 500g.

[0075] (3) Deployment process Magnetic track construction: Fix permanent magnets to the iron plate base in an NSN / SNS arrangement, ensuring that the magnetic poles are aligned and the parallelism error of the two tracks is <0.5mm; Vehicle assembly: Lay an aluminum foil insulation layer inside the corrugated cardboard box, fix the YBCO superconducting block, connect the two boxes through support rods, and install the manned platform (12cm×10cm×0.5cm). Circuit integration: Connect the vibration sensor, servo motor, buzzer, OLED screen and STM32 microcontroller, wire according to the hardware connection scheme in Table 2, and debug the communication stability; Pre-energy storage and cooling: stretch the rubber band and fix it with the building block strip, inject liquid nitrogen into the carrier box, and let it stand for 30 seconds to wait for the superconducting block to enter the superconducting state; System testing: Sensors were triggered by a vibration simulation device to verify the stability of the entire process of alarm, ejection, levitation, and braking.

[0076] (4) Work process When the system is in standby mode, the OLED screen displays "Status: Normal". Liquid nitrogen maintains the low temperature of the superconducting block through the aluminum foil insulation layer, and the rubber band is in a pre-energy storage state. When the vibration simulation device is activated, the sensor detects the vibration signal and immediately sends it to the STM32 microcontroller. The buzzer sounds an alarm and the screen displays "Emergency:Start". The microcontroller outputs a PWM signal to control the servo motor to rotate 90°, the building block strips are released from the constraints, the elastic potential energy of the rubber band is converted into the kinetic energy of the vehicle, and the vehicle is propelled to slide along the magnetic track. The vehicle achieves stable levitation of 10mm through the magnetic flux pinning effect between the YBCO superconducting block and the magnetic track, and slides to the braking section without friction; Upon entering the SNS braking section, the magnetic field gradient reverses to generate braking force, and the vehicle comes to a smooth stop within 2 seconds, displaying "Status: Safe" on the screen, thus completing the escape process.

[0077] 2. Key performance verification data and simulation results (1) Verification of suspension stability In the simulation, a two-dimensional model of the magnetic track-superconducting block was constructed using FEMM software. The parameters of the N52 grade NdFeB magnet were set to 9×9×9 mm³, and the model was constructed with 43 rows of NSN magnetic poles to simulate the vertical magnetic field gradient distribution. The simulation results showed that the uniformity error of the magnetic field gradient in the NSN segment was <5%. In the actual test, liquid nitrogen was first injected into the carrier and left to stand for 30 seconds. After the YBCO superconducting block cooled below the critical temperature and entered the superconducting state, the carrier was placed at the center of the magnetic track. The distance between the bottom of the carrier and the surface of the magnetic track was measured using a vernier caliper with an accuracy of 1 mm. Data was recorded every 10 seconds and monitored continuously for 3 minutes. To ensure the reliability of the results, three sets of superconducting blocks with different installation positions were replaced, and the above experimental procedure was repeated to observe whether the carrier tilted laterally. The final measured data showed that the average suspension height of the three groups of experiments was 10±0.5mm, the maximum height fluctuation within 3 minutes was ≤0.3mm, and the vehicle did not tilt or deviate laterally. This indicates that the force balance between the magnetic field and the superconducting block was stable, which effectively verified the matching between the magnetic field design and the superconducting suspension, ensured the stability of the gliding process, and avoided secondary injuries caused by suspension imbalance.

[0078] (2) Load capacity verification First, the vehicle was calibrated to a stable levitation state with an initial levitation height of 10mm. One standard weight each of 100g, 200g, 300g, 400g, and 500g was prepared, and the initial levitation height was marked with calipers as a baseline. A gradient loading method was used for testing. First, a 100g weight was placed in the center of the platform and left to stand for one minute. The current levitation height was then measured and recorded with calipers. Then, the weight was gradually increased in increments of 100g, with each increment observed for one minute until the bottom of the vehicle contacted the magnetic track. The test results showed that when the loaded weight reached 500g, the vehicle maintained an effective levitation height of 7.2mm without any contact with the magnetic track. When the load was further increased to 550g, the bottom of the vehicle contacted the magnetic track. Based on this, the maximum load capacity of the system was determined to be 500g, proving that the system's load-bearing capacity can meet the needs of single-person emergency escape, successfully solving the core problem of insufficient load capacity in superconducting levitation vehicles.

[0079] (3) Verification of gliding speed First, clearly mark the start and end points of the magnetic track on a 50cm long iron plate base with a marker. Verify the track length using a 1mm precision measuring tape; the measured track length is 50.2cm. Inject the carrier with liquid nitrogen and let it stand for 30 seconds until the superconducting block enters the superconducting state. Then, place the carrier at the starting position of the magnetic track and simultaneously start a stopwatch with a precision of 0.01s while releasing the rubber band ejection mechanism. When the front end of the carrier reaches the end mark, immediately stop the stopwatch and record the sliding time. To reduce experimental error, replace five sets of rubber bands with the same stretching length and repeat the above test procedure. The sliding times for the five tests were 1.18s, 1.22s, 1.19s, 1.23s, and 1.18s, respectively. The calculated average sliding time is 1.2s. Based on the measured track length, the average sliding speed is approximately 0.42m / s, with speed fluctuation ≤0.03m / s. The results confirm that the system's sliding efficiency is superior to traditional escape methods (such as staircase evacuation speed of about 0.1 m / s), effectively solving the problem of low evacuation efficiency in disaster scenarios.

[0080] (4) Braking stability verification At the end of the SNS braking section (3 rows of magnetic poles), attach a ruler with an accuracy of 0.1mm, align it with the reference point after the vehicle stops, and mark it. After the vehicle is adjusted to the superconducting state, release it from the starting point of the magnetic track. After the vehicle slides to the braking section, observe its stopping state with the naked eye, focusing on whether there are unstable phenomena such as bouncing or impact. After the vehicle is completely stationary, use a mobile phone camera to take a picture of the alignment between the ruler and the vehicle. Later, read the braking displacement (i.e., the distance between the front end of the vehicle and the starting point of the braking section) from the picture. Repeat the above test 8 times and calculate the displacement fluctuation value of the 8 tests. Test results showed that the vehicle came to a stable stop within 2 seconds in all 8 tests without any bouncing or impact. The braking displacements were 48.2mm, 47.9mm, 48.3mm, 47.8mm, 48.0mm, 48.2mm, 47.7mm, and 48.1mm, with an average displacement of 48.1mm and a displacement fluctuation of less than 1mm. This fully verified the stability of the passive braking scheme and its ability to avoid secondary injuries to escapees caused by braking impact.

[0081] (5) Verification of superconducting state duration Liquid nitrogen was injected into the carrier box to the designated mark, ensuring the YBCO superconducting block was completely submerged. The injection time was recorded. Then, the carrier's levitation height was measured every 30 seconds using a 1mm precision vernier caliper to observe whether the carrier maintained effective levitation (levitation height ≥ 5mm). When the carrier's levitation height dropped below 5mm, the current time was recorded, and the duration from liquid nitrogen injection to loss of effective levitation was calculated. To verify the effectiveness of the insulation layer, the experiment was repeated after removing the aluminum foil insulation layer, and the superconducting state maintenance time was compared between the two experiments. The test results show that with the aluminum foil insulation layer installed, the superconducting state maintenance time was a maximum of 3 minutes; after removing the insulation layer, the superconducting state maintenance time was only 1 minute. The data proves that the aluminum foil insulation layer extends the superconducting state maintenance time by 200%, which can meet the window requirements for rapid escape in a short time, effectively solving the problem of short superconducting state maintenance time of high-temperature superconducting blocks and ensuring uninterrupted levitation function during escape.

[0082] (6) Response verification of vibration detection braking device Connect the SW-18010P vibration sensor, STM32 microcontroller, S90 servo motor, and buzzer according to the hardware wiring scheme and complete the hardware debugging. Simulate earthquake vibration by tapping the sensor mounting base with your hand, gradually increasing the tapping force, and use a stopwatch to record the time difference from the tapping action to the servo motor turning and the buzzer alarm. Repeat the above test 10 times, record the vibration intensity corresponding to the trigger threshold (correlated with the tapping force), and calculate the response time of each test. Set the vibration threshold to the tapping force corresponding to 0.1g, and conduct 15 consecutive tests to observe the trigger success rate. The test results show that the average response time of 10 tests is 0.8s, the fastest response time is 0.6s, and the slowest response time is 1.0s. When the vibration intensity reaches the 0.1g threshold, the trigger success rate is 100%, with no false triggers or missed triggers. The servo motor rotation angle error is ≤1°, and the buzzer and servo motor start the alarm synchronously, verifying the effectiveness of the rapid disaster perception and triggering mechanism, ensuring that the escape process can be initiated in time when an earthquake occurs, and solving the problem of lag in response of traditional triggering devices.

[0083] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shock-absorbing escape system based on high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation, characterized in that, include: Vibration detection trigger module, ejection unlock module, high temperature superconducting levitation vehicle module, NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole magnetic track module, and passive braking module; The vibration detection trigger module is used to detect vibration signals and output a trigger signal when an abnormal vibration is detected. The ejection unlocking module is connected to the vibration detection triggering module. After receiving the trigger signal, the ejection unlocking module drives the vehicle in the high-temperature superconducting levitation vehicle module to leave the initial locking position and enter the track area where the NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole magnetic track module is located. The high-temperature superconducting levitation vehicle module includes a vehicle and a high-temperature superconducting block, and the vehicle is used to levitate and operate within the orbital region. The NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole magnetic track module is used to provide the vehicle with a levitation magnetic field and an operating track; The passive braking module is located at the end of the NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole track module and is used to provide non-electric braking for the vehicle entering the track area.

2. The earthquake escape system based on high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vibration detection trigger module is used to detect vibration signals and output a trigger signal when an abnormal vibration is detected, including: When the vibration detection trigger module detects a vibration signal, if the vibration signal is greater than the vibration threshold, it determines that the vibration is abnormal and outputs a trigger signal to the ejection unlocking module.

3. The earthquake escape system based on high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The trigger signal specifically includes: After the trigger signal is output, two actions are executed synchronously. The two actions are as follows: The audible and visual warning unit within the vibration detection trigger module is activated to alert personnel to enter the vehicle of the high-temperature superconducting levitation vehicle module. The electromagnetic latch release mechanism in the ejection unlocking module is driven to release the mechanical lock on the vehicle, allowing the vehicle to enter the track area where the NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole track module is located under the action of the ejection mechanism of the ejection unlocking module.

4. The earthquake escape system based on high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ejection unlocking module drives the vehicle in the high-temperature superconducting levitation vehicle module to disengage from the initial locked position and enter the orbital region where the NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole magnetic orbit module is located, including: The ejection unlocking module is equipped with an elastic energy storage mechanism. After receiving the trigger signal, the ejection unlocking module controls the elastic energy storage mechanism to release the stored elastic potential energy within a preset time, converting the elastic potential energy into the initial kinetic energy of the vehicle in the high-temperature superconducting levitation vehicle module, pushing the vehicle away from the initial locked position and into the orbital region where the NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole magnetic track module is located.

5. The earthquake escape system based on high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vehicle is used to levitate and operate within the orbital area, including: The high-temperature superconducting levitation vehicle module is equipped with a YBCO high-temperature superconducting block. After the YBCO high-temperature superconducting block is injected with liquid nitrogen and rapidly enters the superconducting state, it interacts with the NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole magnetic track module through the magnetic flux pinning effect to achieve stable levitation and operation of the vehicle.

6. The earthquake escape system based on high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation according to claim 5, characterized in that, The magnetic flux pinning effect interaction specifically includes the following processes: When the carrier experiences lateral shift, pitch, or swaying during levitation, the relative position of the magnetic flux lines inside the YBCO high-temperature superconducting block with respect to the pinning center changes, causing the magnetic flux pinning effect to generate a restoring force containing both repulsive and attractive components. The restoring force is used to reset the vehicle to its equilibrium position, thereby constraining the relative position between the vehicle and the NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole track module, achieving self-sustaining stable levitation and guidance.

7. The earthquake escape system based on high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation according to claim 6, characterized in that, The restoring force specifically includes: The restoring force includes a vertical component and a horizontal component; The vertical component is used to balance the weight of the vehicle so that the vehicle is stably suspended above the track; The horizontal component is used to generate a guiding force to constrain the vehicle to move in the direction of track extension and to prevent the vehicle from derailing laterally.

8. The earthquake escape system based on high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole magnetic track module is used to provide the vehicle with a levitation magnetic field and an operating track, including: The NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole track module includes a magnetic pole array that is repeatedly arranged along the track extension direction, and the magnetic pole array is configured to form a uniform vertical magnetic field gradient above the track.

9. The earthquake escape system based on high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation according to claim 8, characterized in that, The magnetic pole array specifically includes: The magnetic pole array includes multiple permanent magnet units that are continuously laid out along the track extension direction; On a cross-section perpendicular to the direction of track extension, the permanent magnet units are arranged in a Halbach array; In the longitudinal direction parallel to the extension direction of the track, the magnetic pole arrangement of the permanent magnet unit includes a periodic alternation pattern of SNS or NSN to form a magnetic field distribution with strong gradient characteristics above the track, which interacts with the high-temperature superconducting block to achieve stable levitation.

10. The earthquake escape system based on high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The passive braking module includes: A permanent magnet damping track is obtained, wherein the magnetic pole arrangement density of the permanent magnet damping track is greater than that of other areas of the NSN / SNS hybrid magnetic pole track module, so as to form a magnetic field gradient enhancement region; the magnetic field gradient enhancement region is used to generate non-contact magnetic resistance to the vehicle entering it, so as to achieve electric braking of the vehicle.

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