Drop hammer impact testing machine

Abstract

This application relates to a drop hammer impact testing machine, comprising: a support base on which a fixed bracket is mounted; a drop hammer device mounted on the fixed bracket and slidably disposed along the height direction of the fixed bracket; a fixed plate mounted on the support base; a movable plate movably connected to the fixed plate and having a placement position on its top surface for connecting the device to be tested; and an adjustment assembly connecting the fixed plate and the movable plate and used to adjust the tilt angle between the movable plate and the fixed plate. This invention solves the problem in the related art where existing drop hammer testing machines are difficult to simulate tilted impact conditions, resulting in deviations between test data and actual service environments, and making it difficult to accurately reflect the failure mechanism of materials or structures under oblique impact.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of low-temperature drop hammer impact testing, and in particular to a drop hammer impact testing machine. Background Technology

[0002] The drop hammer impact testing machine is a dynamic mechanical property testing device widely used in materials science, aerospace, shipbuilding and marine engineering, and national defense industries. Its main working principle involves lifting a hammer of a certain mass to a specific height, allowing it to fall freely along a guide rail under gravity, thereby applying an impact load to a sample placed on a platform below, in order to evaluate the material's impact resistance, deformation mode, and energy absorption characteristics.

[0003] In existing technologies, conventional drop hammer impact testing machines typically include a vertical frame, vertical drop rails fixed to both sides of the frame, a drop hammer assembly slidably connected to the drop rails, and a sample platform horizontally fixed to the bottom of the frame. This type of equipment has a mature structure and can meet the standard requirements for vertical impact testing.

[0004] However, with the increasing complexity of engineering applications, many impact events in real-world engineering environments are not purely vertical collisions. For example, when ships navigate in icy areas, collisions with ice often occur at an angle of 0° to 20°; the impact of certain weapons and ammunition falling in abnormal postures also involves tilt angles, resulting in the impact point of the actual object not being directly in front of it.

[0005] Traditional drop hammer impact testing machines, due to the fixed horizontal sample platform, can only perform impact tests perpendicular to the sample surface. They cannot simulate the complex inclined collision conditions mentioned above, resulting in deviations between the test data and the actual service environment, making it difficult to truly reflect the failure mechanism of materials or structures under oblique impact. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a drop hammer impact testing machine to solve the problem that existing drop hammer testing machines in the related technology are difficult to simulate tilted collision conditions, resulting in deviations between test data and actual service environment, and making it difficult to truly reflect the failure mechanism of materials or structures under oblique impact.

[0007] This application provides a drop hammer impact testing machine, which includes: A support base with a fixed bracket on it; A drop hammer device is mounted on the fixed support and is slidably mounted along the height direction of the fixed support; A fixing plate is disposed on the support base; The movable plate is movably connected to the fixed plate and has a placement station on its top surface for connecting the device to be tested. And an adjustment component, which connects the fixed plate and the movable plate, and is used to adjust the tilt angle between the movable plate and the fixed plate.

[0008] In one embodiment, the adjustment component includes: The telescopic component has two ends that are rotatably connected to the fixed plate and the movable plate, respectively. And a control element, which is connected to the telescopic element and is used to control the extension or retraction of the telescopic element.

[0009] In one embodiment, the telescopic member includes a hydraulic cylinder, one end of which is hinged to the fixed plate and the other end of which is hinged to the movable plate; The control component includes a control valve connected to the hydraulic cylinder and used to regulate the hydraulic flow of the hydraulic cylinder.

[0010] In one embodiment, the fixing bracket includes: A supporting base plate, wherein the fixing plate is detachably mounted on the supporting base plate; A support column is mounted on the support base plate; In addition, a support beam is provided at the top of the support column, and the drop hammer device is connected to the support beam and can slide along the length of the support column.

[0011] In one embodiment, the falling hammer device includes: A drop guide rail is provided on the support base plate, and the length direction of the drop guide rail is parallel to the length direction of the support column; And a hammer body, which is slidably mounted on the falling guide rail and detachably connected to the supporting top beam.

[0012] In one embodiment, a connecting lifting ring is provided between the hammer body and the supporting top beam.

[0013] In one embodiment, the fixing bracket further includes: The reinforcing ribs are provided at intervals along the length of the support column.

[0014] In one embodiment, the fixing bracket further includes: A fixed diagonal brace is provided at the bottom of the support column and is inclined downward from the support column.

[0015] In one embodiment, the fixing plate and the supporting base plate are connected by connecting bolts.

[0016] In one embodiment, the top surface of the movable plate has a plurality of mounting holes for connecting the device to be tested, thereby forming the placement station.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided in this application include: by adjusting the angle between the fixed plate and the movable plate through the adjustment components, the tilt angle of the movable plate relative to the fixed plate can be adjusted, and the device under test can be fixed on the placement position on the movable plate, thus fixing the device under test in an inclined state; then, the falling hammer device on the fixed bracket falls along the falling hammer path. Since there is an inclined angle between the movable plate and the fixed plate, when the falling hammer device collides with the device under test, it can simulate the tilting collision of the device under test at different angles under actual working conditions. This solves the problem that existing falling hammer testing machines in related technologies are difficult to simulate tilting collision conditions, resulting in deviations between test data and actual service environment, and making it difficult to truly reflect the failure mechanism of materials or structures under oblique impact. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 A drop hammer impact testing machine provided in this application embodiment; Figure 2 This is a partial schematic diagram of the fixed plate, movable plate, and adjustment assembly provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Support base; 11. Fixed bracket; 111. Support base plate; 112. Support column; 113. Support top beam; 114. Reinforcing rib; 115. Fixed diagonal brace; 2. Drop hammer device; 21. Drop guide rail; 22. Hammer body; 23. Connecting lifting ring; 3. Fixed plate; 4. Movable plate; 41. Placement position; 42. Mounting hole; 5. Adjustment component; 51. Telescopic component; 511. Hydraulic cylinder; 52. Control component; 521. Control valve. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0022] This application provides a drop hammer impact testing machine, which can solve the problem that existing drop hammer testing machines in related technologies are difficult to simulate tilted collision conditions, resulting in deviations between test data and actual service environment, and making it difficult to truly reflect the failure mechanism of materials or structures under oblique impact.

[0023] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 This application discloses a drop hammer impact testing machine, which includes a support base 1, a drop hammer device 2, a fixed plate 3, a movable plate 4, and an adjustment assembly 5. A fixed bracket 11 is provided on the support base 1, and the drop hammer device 2 is mounted on the fixed bracket 11 and slidably mounted along the height direction of the fixed bracket 11. The fixed plate 3 is mounted on the support base 1, and the movable plate 4 is movably connected to the fixed plate 3. The movable plate 4 has a placement station 41 on its top surface for connecting the device to be tested. Before conducting the drop hammer test, the operator fixes the device to be tested on the placement station 41 and turns on the drop hammer device 2, causing the drop hammer device 2 to be mounted on the fixed plate 1. The device under test (DUT) undergoes free fall along the height of the fixed support 11 within the support 11, allowing for a drop hammer test on the placement station 41. The adjusting component 5 connects the fixed plate 3 and the movable plate 4, and is used to adjust the tilt angle between the movable plate 4 and the fixed plate 3. Before the drop hammer test, the tilt angle between the movable plate 4 and the fixed plate 3 can be changed by adjusting the component 5 according to the actual working conditions, allowing the DUT to be tilted relative to the fixed plate 3 at the corresponding angle after being fixed on the placement station 41. After the drop hammer test, the working conditions of the DUT being dropped from different angles can be simulated. This solves the problem that existing drop hammer testing machines are unable to simulate tilted impact conditions, leading to deviations between test data and actual service environments, and making it difficult to truly reflect the failure mechanism of materials or structures under oblique impact.

[0024] Specifically, the adjustment component 5 includes a telescopic member 51 and a control member 52. The two ends of the telescopic member 51 are rotatably connected to the fixed plate 3 and the movable plate 4, respectively. In this embodiment, one side of the fixed plate 3 and one side of the movable plate 4 are rotatably connected by a pivot. The telescopic member 51 has the characteristic of being able to extend and retract itself to change its length. Therefore, by changing its own length, the telescopic member 51 can cause the movable plate 4 to open and rotate around the pivot connection of the fixed plate 3, thereby changing the tilt angle between the movable plate 4 and the fixed plate 3. The control member 52 is connected to the telescopic member 51 and is used to control the extension, retraction or retraction of the telescopic member 51, thereby changing the length of the telescopic member 51.

[0025] In one specific embodiment of this application, the telescopic component 51 includes a hydraulic cylinder 511, one end of which is hinged to the fixed plate 3 and the other end to the movable plate 4. The control component 52 includes a control valve 521, which is connected to the hydraulic cylinder 511 and used to adjust the hydraulic flow of the hydraulic cylinder 511, thereby changing the telescopic length of the hydraulic cylinder 511 to change the tilt angle between the movable plate 4 and the fixed plate 3. In one embodiment of this application, in order to improve the support stability of the hydraulic cylinder 511 on the movable plate 4, one side of the movable plate 4 in the width direction is hinged to one side of the fixed plate 3 in the width direction. One hydraulic cylinder 511 is provided at each end of the fixed plate 3 in the width direction. The control valve 521 is connected to both hydraulic cylinders 511 simultaneously and adjusts the synchronous telescopic extension and retraction of the two hydraulic cylinders 511 simultaneously through the control valve 521. The synchronous telescopic extension and retraction of the two hydraulic cylinders 511 provides stable support for the tilt of the movable plate 4. In another embodiment of this application, only one hydraulic cylinder 511 may be provided, and the hydraulic cylinder 511 may be located in the middle of the fixed plate 3 and the movable plate 4, thereby providing support for the movable plate 4 from the middle.

[0026] More specifically, the fixed bracket 11 includes a support base plate 111, a support column 112, and a support top beam 113. The fixed plate 3 is detachably mounted on the support base plate 111, the support column 112 is welded onto the support base plate 111, the support top beam 113 is welded and fixed to the top of the support column 112, and the drop hammer device 2 is connected to the support top beam 113 and can slide along the length of the support column 112.

[0027] To enhance the overall structural strength and stability of the fixed support 11, the support base plate 111, support column 112, and support top beam 113 are all made of steel structure materials, which improves the overall service life and provides stable support for the drop hammer device 2 and the fixed plate 3. In terms of specific material selection and process, the support base plate 111 is usually made of thick-walled carbon structural steel or low-alloy high-strength structural steel, and is precision milled to ensure the flatness and levelness of the upper surface, providing a stable foundation for the entire device; the support column 112 can be made of large-diameter seamless steel pipe or heavy H-beam, which has excellent compressive and bending resistance and can effectively transfer vertical loads; the support top beam 113 adopts a box beam or reinforced I-beam structure to bear the suspended load and impact reaction force of the drop hammer release mechanism.

[0028] The steel structural components, including the base plate 111, support column 112, and support beam 113, are firmly connected by CO2 gas shielded welding or submerged arc welding. After welding, they undergo overall stress-relief annealing to eliminate internal residual stress and prevent structural deformation after long-term use. Furthermore, all steel components of the base plate 111, support column 112, and support beam 113 are treated with sandblasting for rust removal and multiple layers of anti-corrosion coating. This significantly improves the overall service life, while the inherent high rigidity and damping characteristics of the steel structure effectively absorb impact vibration energy, providing stable support for the drop hammer device 2 and the fixing plate 3. This ensures the benchmark stability during the impact test, avoids test errors caused by slight swaying of the support, and guarantees the accuracy and reliability of experimental data.

[0029] In one embodiment of this application, the fixing plate 3 is detachably fixed to the support base plate 111 by connecting bolts, thereby enabling quick assembly and disassembly of the fixing plate 3 and the support base plate 111. When a drop hammer test under inclined conditions is required, the operator can install the fixing plate 3 onto the support base plate 111 using the connecting bolts to simulate the inclined condition. When a drop hammer test is required with the device under test placed upright, the connecting bolts are loosened, the fixing plate 3 is removed from the support base plate 111, and the device under test is installed onto the support base plate 111. To further improve the stability of the device under test fixed to the movable plate 4 or the support base plate 111, in this embodiment of the application, the top surface of both the movable plate 4 and the support base plate 111 is provided with multiple mounting holes 42 for connecting the device under test, forming a placement station 41.

[0030] Specifically, in one embodiment of this application, the falling hammer device 2 includes a falling guide rail 21 and a hammer body 22. One end of the falling guide rail 21 is welded to the supporting base plate 111, and the other end is welded to the supporting top beam 113. The length direction of the falling guide rail 21 is parallel to the length direction of the supporting column 112. The hammer body 22 and the supporting top beam 113 are detachably connected by a connecting lifting ring 23. Before conducting the impact test, the device under test is fixed on the movable plate 4, and the tilt angle between the movable plate 4 and the fixed plate 3 is adjusted to the target angle by adjusting the component 5. Then, the hammer body 22 is lifted to the set height by the lifting equipment, and after release, the hammer body 22 falls vertically along the falling guide rail 21 to impact the top surface of the device under test. Furthermore, in actual working conditions, sensors can also be installed on the hammer body 22 and the device under test to collect test data of the hammer body 22 and the device under test, which can be used to analyze the deformation mode, energy absorption and failure mechanism of the corresponding structure of the device under test in actual working conditions.

[0031] More specifically, in the early preparation process, the falling guide rail 21 adopts a linear rolling guide pair and is fixed to both sides of the fixed plate 3 along its length. The surface of the falling guide rail 21 is hardened to improve its structural strength. The hammer 22 is slidably set between the two falling guide rails 21 by a slider. The slider is equipped with circulating balls to form a low-friction sliding pair with the falling guide rail 21, thereby reducing the friction of the hammer 22 when it falls. Furthermore, to enhance the impact force of the falling hammer device 2, counterweights of varying weights can be added to the top of the hammer body 22. The materials for these counterweights are diverse: gray cast iron can be used in routine experiments due to its excellent damping properties, which help reduce residual vibrations, and its low cost; for precise control of mass increment, cold-rolled steel plates can be cut and stacked, utilizing the high density of steel to reduce volume; and in extreme conditions requiring ultra-high impact energy within a limited space, even tungsten alloy can be used to make the counterweights. The counterweights employ a layered cast iron structure, allowing the total mass of the hammer body 22 to be adjusted within experimental requirements, and an additional locking mechanism can be added to ensure the counterweights do not loosen during impact. All counterweight surfaces are blackened or galvanized to prevent corrosion and are rigidly connected to the hammer body 22 via standardized interfaces.

[0032] During the initial manufacturing process, the hammer body 22, as the core impact component, directly affects the lifespan and testing accuracy of the device through its material selection. The main body of the hammer body 22 is preferably made of high-strength alloy structural steel. After tempering, its core possesses good toughness to absorb impact vibrations, while the surface is hardened through high-frequency quenching to prevent wear and deformation at the interface with the slider. If cost is a concern and the impact energy level is low, high-quality carbon structural steel can also be used. The end of the hammer body 22 facing the device under test can be fitted with impact heads of different materials and shapes to adapt to the impact testing requirements of different target devices such as steel, composite materials, and ice.

[0033] Furthermore, to enhance the overall structural stability of the fixed support 11, the fixed support 11 also includes reinforcing ribs 114, which are spaced apart along the length of the support column 112 to maintain the structural strength of the support column 112. Regarding material selection, the reinforcing ribs 114 can be flexibly configured according to specific application scenarios, cost budgets, and environmental requirements to ensure optimal performance: In conventional industrial environments, low-carbon steel is preferred, as it offers excellent welding performance and high cost-effectiveness, meeting most static and dynamic support requirements; if the device faces high-frequency impacts or heavy loads, low-alloy high-strength structural steel is recommended, as its higher yield strength and toughness effectively prevent the reinforcing ribs from breaking or undergoing plastic deformation during vibration; for devices in high-humidity, acid- and alkali-corrosion environments, austenitic stainless steel can be used for the reinforcing ribs 114, which, although more expensive, ensures durable corrosion resistance and structural integrity; in addition, if there are strict limitations on the overall weight of the fixed support 11, high-strength aluminum alloy can also be considered, significantly reducing weight while ensuring sufficient rigidity. These reinforcing ribs 114 are spaced apart along the length of the support column 112, and are typically rigidly connected to the support column 112 using continuous fillet welds or high-strength bolts to form a stable rib structure. This layout effectively increases the moment of inertia of the support column 112 and reduces its effective calculated length, preventing buckling deformation caused by an excessively large slenderness ratio, thereby maintaining the structural strength of the support column 112. Furthermore, it is recommended that all metal reinforcing ribs 114 undergo rigorous rust prevention treatment, such as sandblasting followed by application of epoxy zinc-rich primer and topcoat, to further extend their service life and ensure the rigid support function of the fixed bracket 11 during drop hammer impact, ultimately achieving the stability and reliability of the overall structure.

[0034] Furthermore, a fixed diagonal brace 115 is also provided at the bottom of the support column 112. The fixed diagonal brace 115 extends downward from the support column 112 toward the ground to provide auxiliary support for the support column 112. During the impact between the hammer 22 and the device under test, the reinforcing ribs 114 on the fixed bracket 11 and the fixed diagonal brace 115 jointly resist the horizontal component force, ensuring the stability of the overall structure. In terms of material selection in the early preparation, the fixed diagonal brace 115 is usually made of low-alloy high-strength structural steel that matches the support column 112 to ensure that the fixed diagonal brace 115 has sufficient yield strength and toughness to withstand the instantaneous high load brought by the falling hammer impact without plastic deformation. If the experimental environment is in a harsh environment such as high humidity, salt spray or acid and alkali corrosion, the fixed diagonal brace 115 can be made of carbon steel or austenitic stainless steel with hot-dip galvanized surface treatment to ensure long-lasting corrosion resistance and structural integrity. In terms of cross-sectional shape, seamless steel pipe, H-beam or solid round steel can be selected according to the magnitude of the force to balance weight and rigidity.

[0035] In the initial installation phase, the fixed diagonal brace 115 extends downwards from the support column 112 towards the ground, typically maintaining an optimal mechanical angle of 45° to 60° with the horizontal ground. This angle range most effectively decomposes and transmits the vertical load and horizontal lateral force to the ground. The top of the fixed diagonal brace 115 is rigidly connected to the support column 112 via a continuous fillet weld or high-strength friction bolts. Alternatively, the bottom can be placed on the ground or securely locked into the concrete floor using embedded parts or high-strength chemical anchors. This utilizes the geometric stability of a triangle to provide strong auxiliary support for the support column 112, preventing slippage or overturning at the bottom of the support column 112. During the impact of the hammer 22 with the device under test, the reinforcing ribs 114 on the fixed bracket 11 and the fixed diagonal brace 115 work together to resist the horizontal component of the force, eliminating the risk of lateral vibration and resonance, ensuring overall structural stability, and providing a solid mechanical foundation for high-precision impact testing.

[0036] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0037] It should be noted that in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0038] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A drop hammer impact testing machine characterized by, It includes: Support base (1), on which a fixed bracket (11) is provided; A drop hammer device (2) is mounted on the fixed bracket (11) and is slidably mounted along the height direction of the fixed bracket (11); A fixing plate (3) is disposed on the support base (1); The movable plate (4) is movably connected to the fixed plate (3) and has a placement station (41) on its top surface for connecting the device to be tested. In addition, there is an adjustment component (5) which connects the fixed plate (3) and the movable plate (4) and is used to adjust the tilt angle between the movable plate (4) and the fixed plate (3).

2. The drop hammer impact testing machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustment component (5) includes: The telescopic component (51) has its two ends rotatably connected to the fixed plate (3) and the movable plate (4), respectively; And a control element (52), which is connected to the telescopic element (51) and is used to control the extension or retraction of the telescopic element (51).

3. The drop hammer impact testing machine as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The telescopic component (51) includes a hydraulic cylinder (511), one end of which is hinged to the fixed plate (3) and the other end of which is hinged to the movable plate (4); The control component (52) includes a control valve (521) which is connected to the hydraulic cylinder (511) and is used to adjust the hydraulic flow of the hydraulic cylinder (511).

4. The drop hammer impact testing machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fixed bracket (11) includes: A supporting base plate (111) is provided, and the fixing plate (3) is detachably mounted on the supporting base plate (111); A support column (112) is provided on the support base plate (111); In addition, a support beam (113) is provided on top of the support column (112), the drop hammer device (2) is connected to the support beam (113) and can slide along the length of the support column (112).

5. The drop hammer impact testing machine as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The falling hammer device (2) includes: A drop rail (21) is provided on the support base plate (111), and the length direction of the drop rail (21) is parallel to the length direction of the support column (112); And a hammer body (22), which is slidably disposed on the falling guide rail (21) and detachably connected to the supporting top beam (113).

6. The drop hammer impact testing machine as described in claim 5, characterized in that: A connecting ring (23) is provided between the hammer (22) and the supporting top beam (113).

7. The drop hammer impact testing machine as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The fixing bracket (11) also includes: The reinforcing ribs (114) are provided at intervals along the length of the support column (112).

8. The drop hammer impact testing machine as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The fixing bracket (11) also includes: A fixed diagonal brace (115) is provided at the bottom of the support column (112) and is inclined downward from the support column (112).

9. The drop hammer impact testing machine as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The fixing plate (3) and the supporting base plate (111) are connected by connecting bolts.

10. A drop hammer impact testing machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The top surface of the movable plate (4) is provided with a plurality of mounting holes (42) for connecting the device to be tested, so as to form the placement station (41).

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