A high reservoir dam sediment monitoring system and a monitoring method

Abstract

This invention discloses a sediment monitoring system and method for high-reservoir dams, comprising a hull, a monitoring component, a rotating component, and a lifting component. The hull is positioned and anchored above the location to be measured in the reservoir. The lifting component is controlled to lower the monitoring component to a predetermined initial measurement depth in the reservoir. The monitoring component is activated to detect the sediment content of the water flow at that point. The rotating component is activated to drive the monitoring component to rotate at a constant speed around a vertical axis at least once, while simultaneously collecting data to obtain the sediment content distribution on the horizontal plane at that depth. The lifting component is controlled to raise or lower the monitoring component while maintaining its continuous rotation, allowing the detector to continuously scan the water body along a spiral trajectory, acquiring three-dimensional spatial sediment content data from the initial depth to the final depth. This invention can measure the sediment content of water from different heights and angles and can significantly shorten the sediment monitoring time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sediment monitoring technology for high reservoir dams, specifically to a sediment monitoring system and method for high reservoir dams. Background Technology

[0002] High dams and reservoirs are critical infrastructure for water resource regulation and flood control. However, water flow carries sediment into the reservoir, where it accumulates. Continuous sedimentation irreversibly reduces the effective storage capacity, directly impacting the reservoir's regulation capacity and design life. Uneven sedimentation can block water diversion and power generation orifices, and the morphology and development of sediment deposits in front of the dam directly alter the stress environment of the dam structure, affecting the flow patterns of flood discharge and energy dissipation facilities. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the suspended sediment content at key sections such as the dam's front, the reservoir itself, and the confluence of tributaries.

[0003] Currently, the main technical means used for reservoir sediment monitoring is the manual hydrological survey method: a survey vessel is used to carry a sampler to take samples at a preset vertical point, and then the samples are sent to the laboratory to be analyzed using standard methods such as drying, displacement or filtration to obtain the sediment content.

[0004] Artificial hydrological testing is recognized as a benchmark method due to its accuracy. However, the entire testing process is time-consuming, involving on-site sampling, sample preservation and transportation, laboratory processing, drying / filtration / replacement, calculation and verification. The entire cycle usually takes several days or even longer, with many operational steps and a long systematic error chain. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned technical deficiencies and provide a sediment monitoring system and method for high reservoir dams, thereby solving the technical problems in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention provides a sediment monitoring system for high reservoir dams, comprising:

[0007] hull;

[0008] A monitoring component having a channel through which water flows, the monitoring component being used to detect the sediment content of the water flowing through the channel;

[0009] A rotating component, connected to the monitoring component, for driving the monitoring component to rotate; and

[0010] A lifting assembly, connected to the hull and the rotating assembly, is used to control the lifting of the monitoring assembly and the rotating assembly.

[0011] In one embodiment, the monitoring component includes a liner, a housing, a radiation source, and a detector. The housing is fitted onto the liner and forms a mounting cavity surrounding the liner. The radiation source and the detector are both built into the mounting cavity and are positioned opposite each other. The radiation source and the detector are located on both sides of the liner.

[0012] In one embodiment, the monitoring component further includes a drive unit connected to the housing, the radiation source, and the detector, for driving the radiation source and the detector to rotate about the axis of the liner.

[0013] In one embodiment, the monitoring component further includes a shielding element built into the mounting cavity and forming a shielding cavity. The shielding cavity has an annular opening that can be opened or closed on the side facing the liner, and the annular opening is coaxially arranged with the liner. The radiation source and detector are built into the shielding cavity. When monitoring the sand content of the water flow in the liner, the opening of the shielding cavity is opened, and the radiation emitted by the radiation source passes through the shielding element and the liner through the opening and is received by the detector. When the sand content in the water flow is stopped, the opening of the shielding cavity is closed, and the radiation is shielded.

[0014] In one embodiment, the driving component includes a rotating wheel, a first gear ring, a first gear, and a first motor. The rotating wheel is rotatably housed within the shielding cavity and is coaxially arranged with the liner. The first gear ring is connected to the rotating wheel and is coaxially arranged with the rotating wheel. The first gear meshes with the first gear ring. The first motor is connected to the first gear and is used to drive the first gear to rotate.

[0015] Both the radiation source and the detector are connected to the first toothed ring.

[0016] In one embodiment, the monitoring component further includes a linkage connecting the output shaft of the first motor and the shield, which drives the opening of the shield cavity to open when the output shaft of the first motor rotates and drives the opening of the shield cavity to close when the output shaft of the first motor stops rotating.

[0017] In one embodiment, the shielding component includes a housing, a fixing tube, a first tube body, and a second tube body. The housing is hollow inside and has fixing holes at both ends that communicate with the interior. The fixing tube is fixed to one fixing hole. The first tube body is slidably and fitted into one fixing hole. The second tube body is disposed at the other open end of the housing and connected to the housing. The opening is formed between the ends of the second tube body and the first tube body. The radiation source and detector are disposed within the shielding cavity formed by the housing, the first tube body, and the second tube body.

[0018] In one embodiment, the rotating assembly includes a slewing bearing, a fixed bracket, a second gear ring, a second gear, and a second motor. The outer ring of the slewing bearing is connected to a monitoring assembly. The fixed bracket connects the lifting assembly and the inner ring of the slewing bearing. The second gear ring is connected to the outer ring of the slewing bearing and is coaxially arranged with the slewing bearing. The second gear meshes with the second gear ring. The second motor is fixed to the fixed bracket, and its output shaft is connected to the second gear.

[0019] In one embodiment, the linkage includes a limiting seat, a rotating roller, a sleeve, a guide portion, an elastic portion, and a clutch portion. The limiting seat is connected to the shielding component, the rotating roller is connected to the shielding component, and its outer wall has multiple spiral guide channels. The sleeve is rotatably sleeved on the first motor. The guide portion is connected to the sleeve and is slidably inserted into the guide channel along the guide channel. The elastic portion is connected to the limiting seat and the rotating roller. The clutch portion is connected to the sleeve and the output shaft of the first motor. When the opening is opened, the clutch portion is connected to the sleeve and the rotating shaft of the first motor, and pushes the rotating roller to move axially via the guide portion to open the opening of the shielding component. When the rotating roller moves axially, it squeezes the elastic portion. When the opening of the shielding component is opened to a preset angle, the guide portion moves to the end of the guide channel. At this time, the clutch portion slips relative to the output shaft of the first motor.

[0020] This invention also relates to a method for monitoring sediment in high reservoir dams, which utilizes the aforementioned high reservoir dam sediment monitoring system and includes the following steps:

[0021] Position and anchor the vessel above the location to be measured in the reservoir.

[0022] Control the lifting assembly to lower the monitoring assembly to the predetermined initial measurement depth in the reservoir;

[0023] The monitoring component is activated, and it detects the sediment content of the water flow at that point.

[0024] The rotating component is activated, which drives the monitoring component to rotate at a constant speed around the vertical axis for at least one revolution. At the same time, the monitoring component continuously collects data to obtain the sand content distribution on the horizontal plane at that depth.

[0025] The lifting component is controlled to raise or lower the monitoring component while maintaining its continuous rotation, so that the detector continuously scans the water body along a spiral trajectory to obtain three-dimensional spatial sediment concentration data from the initial depth to the final depth.

[0026] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention include: positioning and anchoring the vessel above the location to be measured in the reservoir; controlling the lifting assembly to lower the monitoring assembly to a predetermined initial measurement depth in the reservoir; the monitoring assembly detecting the sediment content of the water flow at that point; the rotating assembly driving the monitoring assembly to rotate at a uniform speed around a vertical axis at least once, while the monitoring assembly continuously collects data to obtain the sediment content distribution on the horizontal plane at that depth; and controlling the lifting assembly to raise or lower the monitoring assembly, enabling the monitoring assembly to measure the sediment content of the water body along a vertical line. During the raising and lowering of the monitoring assembly, it can remain fixed or be rotated by the rotating assembly, allowing the monitoring assembly to continuously scan the water body along a spiral trajectory to obtain three-dimensional spatial sediment content data.

[0027] When water flows through the monitoring components, the components measure the sediment content in the water directly, eliminating the need for sampling, transportation, and drying processes, thus significantly shortening the sediment monitoring time. By moving the vessel, the sediment content of the water in key locations such as in front of the dam, in the reservoir, at the tail of the reservoir, and downstream of the confluence of major tributaries can be measured. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a high reservoir dam sediment monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle;

[0030] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion of point B in the middle;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the monitoring component in the sediment monitoring system for high reservoir dams according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 It is along Figure 4 A sectional view of the C-C line in the middle;

[0033] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A magnified view of a portion of point D in the middle;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a portion of the structure in the sediment monitoring system for high reservoir dams according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a portion of the structure in the sediment monitoring system for high reservoir dams according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 9This is a schematic diagram of a portion of the structure in the sediment monitoring system for high reservoir dams according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 10 yes Figure 9 A magnified view of a portion of point E in the middle.

[0038] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a portion of the structure in the sediment monitoring system for high reservoir dams according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a portion of the structure in the sediment monitoring system for high reservoir dams according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first motor, sleeve and clutch in the sediment monitoring system of a high reservoir dam according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0042] Hull 1;

[0043] Monitoring component 2; Liner 21; Mounting cavity 21a; Housing 22; Radiation source 23; Detector 24; Drive component 25; Rotating wheel 251; First gear ring 252; First gear 253; First motor 254; Slot 254a; Limiting wheel 255; Shielding component 26; Shielding cavity 26a; Opening 26b; Housing 261; Fixed tube 262; First tube body 263; Second tube body 264; Linkage component 27; Limiting seat 271; Rotating roller 272; Guide channel 272a; Sleeve 273; Guide part 274; Elastic part 275; Clutch part 276; Locking pin 2761; Spring 2762; Connecting plate 277;

[0044] Rotating component 3; slewing bearing 31; fixed bracket 32; second gear ring 33; second gear 34; second motor 35;

[0045] Lifting assembly 4; base 41; winch 42; boom 43; hydraulic cylinder 44; wire rope 45. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0047] like Figures 1 to 13As shown, the present invention provides a sediment monitoring system for a high reservoir dam, including a hull 1, a monitoring component 2, a rotating component 3, and a lifting component 4. The monitoring component 2 has a channel through which water flows and is used to detect the sediment content of the water flowing through the channel. The rotating component 3 is connected to the monitoring component 2 and is used to drive the monitoring component 2 to rotate. The lifting component 4 is connected to the hull 1 and the rotating component 3 and is used to control the lifting of the monitoring component 2 and the rotating component 3.

[0048] Position and anchor the vessel hull 1 above the location to be measured in the reservoir; control the lifting assembly 4 to lower the monitoring assembly 2 to the predetermined initial measurement depth in the reservoir; the monitoring assembly 2 detects the sediment content of the water flow at that point; the rotating assembly 3 drives the monitoring assembly 2 to rotate at a constant speed around the vertical axis at least once, while the monitoring assembly 2 continuously collects data to obtain the sediment content distribution on the horizontal plane at that depth; control the lifting assembly 4 to raise or lower the monitoring assembly 2, enabling the monitoring assembly 2 to measure the sediment content of the water body along the vertical line. During the raising and lowering of the monitoring assembly 2, it can remain fixed or be rotated by the rotating assembly 3, allowing the monitoring assembly 2 to continuously scan the water body along a spiral trajectory to obtain three-dimensional spatial sediment content data.

[0049] When the water flows through the monitoring component 2, the monitoring component 2 measures the sediment content in the water. It directly measures the sediment content in the water without going through the sampling, transportation, drying and other processes, which greatly shortens the sediment monitoring time. By moving the hull 1, it is possible to measure the sediment content of the water in key locations such as in front of the dam, in the reservoir, at the tail of the reservoir and downstream of the confluence of the main tributaries.

[0050] It should be understood that the hull 1 can be an unmanned vessel or a manned vessel, with unmanned vessels being preferred, as they can continuously and remotely measure the sediment content of the water body.

[0051] It should be understood that monitoring component 2 can be an isotope sand analyzer, an optical sand analyzer, an acoustic sand analyzer, a vibration sand analyzer, etc. For example... Figure 4 , 5 and Figure 11 As shown, in one embodiment, the monitoring component 2 includes a liner 21, a housing 22, a radiation source 23, and a detector 24. The housing 22 is fitted onto the liner 21 and together with the liner 21 forms a mounting cavity 21a surrounding the liner 21. The radiation source 23 and the detector 24 are both built into the mounting cavity 21a and are positioned opposite each other. The radiation source 23 and the detector 24 are located on both sides of the liner 21.

[0052] Water flows continuously through the liner 21. The radiation source 23 emits rays that penetrate the water flow. The detector 24 receives the attenuated rays and generates an electrical signal. The sediment content is calculated and output in real time based on the attenuation. The measurement results are almost unaffected by water flow velocity, water temperature, water quality, and sediment particle size distribution. The sediment content in the water flow can be tested in real time. The outer shell 22 provides waterproof and pressure-resistant physical protection for the radiation source 23 and the detector 24.

[0053] Among them, the radiation source 23 can be a low-activity gamma-ray source, such as cesium-137 or barium-133; the liner 21 can be made of a low atomic number metal or plastic, such as aluminum alloy, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethane, etc.; the outer shell 22 can be made of lead or tungsten, which can play a certain role in radiation shielding, preventing the radiation emitted by the radiation source 23 from passing directly through the outer shell 22 and reducing the radiation dose of the monitoring component 2 accessory.

[0054] It should be understood that the reflector and detector 24 in monitoring component 2 can be fixed relative to housing 22 or movable relative to housing 22, specifically, such as Figure 8 As shown, in one embodiment, the monitoring component 2 further includes a drive 25 connected to the housing 22, the radiation source 23 and the detector 24, for driving the radiation source 23 and the detector 24 to rotate about the axis of the liner 21.

[0055] By setting a driving component 25, the driving component 25 can drive the radiation source 23 and the detector 24 to rotate around the liner 21. The operating radiation source 23 emits rays, which rotate along the liner 21 and can penetrate the water from different radial positions of the liner 21. This allows for the integration or averaging of multiple samples along a certain circumferential path on the cross-section of the water flow. This effectively averages out the possible concentration non-uniformity of the water flow on the cross-section of the pipe and reduces random errors caused by uneven particle distribution.

[0056] Since radiation may still leak from the two openings 26b at the ends of the liner 21, in order to ensure that the monitoring component 2 complies with radiation safety regulations, therefore, as follows: Figure 4 , 5 and Figure 6As shown, in one embodiment, the monitoring component 2 further includes a shield 26, which is built into the mounting cavity 21a and forms a shield cavity 26a with an annular liner 21. The shield cavity 26a has an annular opening 26b that can be opened or closed on the side facing the liner 21, and the annular opening 26b is coaxially arranged with the liner 21. The radiation source 23 and the detector 24 are built into the shield cavity 26a. When monitoring the sand content of the water flow in the liner 21, the opening 26b of the shield cavity 26a is opened, and the radiation emitted by the radiation source 23 passes through the shield 26 and the liner 21 through the opening 26b and is received by the detector 24. When the sand content in the water flow is stopped, the opening 26b of the shield cavity 26a is closed, and the radiation is shielded. It should be understood that the material of the shield 26 can be a high-density material such as lead or tungsten.

[0057] The shielding cavity 26a has an openable / closeable annular opening 26b on the side facing the liner 21. When measurement is required, the opening 26b is opened to allow the radiation beam to pass through the liner 21. During movement, storage or non-measurement periods, the opening 26b is closed, and the radiation is completely shielded inside the cavity by the shielding component 26, completely avoiding the risk of radiation exposure to personnel and ensuring that the monitoring component 2 complies with radiation safety regulations.

[0058] It should be understood that the driving component 25 can be a motor, pulley, or belt, which drives the radiation source 23 and detector 24 to rotate via the rotating pulley. The driving component 25 can also be other structures, specifically, such as... Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment, the driving component 25 includes a rotating wheel 251, a first gear ring 252, a first gear 253, and a first motor 254. The rotating wheel 251 is rotatably housed within the shielding cavity 26a and is coaxially arranged with the liner 21. The first gear ring 252 is connected to the rotating wheel 251 and is coaxially arranged with the rotating wheel 251. The first gear 253 meshes with the first gear ring 252. The first motor 254 is connected to the first gear 253 and is used to drive the first gear 253 to rotate. The radiation source 23 and the detector 24 are both connected to the first gear ring 252.

[0059] When it is necessary to drive the radiation source 23 and detector 24 to rotate around the liner 21, the first motor 254 is started. The first motor 254 drives the first gear ring 252 to rotate via the first gear 253. The first gear ring 252 drives the rotating wheel 251, radiation source 23 and detector 24 to rotate.

[0060] The rotating wheel 251 can be fitted and rotatably sleeved on the liner 21 to achieve a rotatable connection between the rotating wheel 251 and the liner 21. Specifically, the driving component 25 also includes multiple limiting wheels 255, which are rotatably fixed to the shield 26 and are distributed circumferentially along the rotating wheel 251. The limiting wheels 255 can rotatably abut against the rotating wheel 251 and limit the axial and radial positions of the rotating wheel 251. The first motor 254 can be fixed to the liner 21 or the shield 26. Specifically, the first motor 254 is fixed to the shield 26.

[0061] To ensure that the opening 26b of the shield 26 is open only when measuring the sediment content of the water body, therefore, as follows: Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, in one embodiment, the monitoring component 2 further includes a linkage 27, which is connected to the output shaft of the first motor 254 and the shield 26. When the first motor 254 is started, it drives the opening 26b of the shield cavity 26a to open, and when the first motor 254 is turned off, it drives the opening 26b of the shield cavity 26a to close.

[0062] In this embodiment, by setting a linkage 27, when the first motor 254 is started, the output shaft of the first motor 254 rotates, and the linkage 27 drives the opening 26b of the shielding cavity 26a to open. When the first motor 254 is turned off, the linkage 27 controls the opening 26b of the shielding cavity 26a to close. The opening and closing of the opening 26b of the shielding cavity 26a and the on / off state of the first motor 254 are linked through a mechanical structure. As long as the first motor 254 does not drive the rotating component 3 to perform scanning measurement, the radiation source 23 is completely shielded in the shielding cavity 26a, and the opening and closing operation of the opening 26b of the shielding cavity 26a does not require manual intervention.

[0063] It should be understood that the shielding element 26 can be two spaced and slidable sleeves, through which the opening 26b is opened and closed. Specifically, as shown in the example... Figures 4 to 6 As shown, in one embodiment, the shielding member 26 includes a housing 261, a fixing tube 262, a first tube 263, and a second tube 264. The housing 261 is hollow inside and has fixing holes at both ends that communicate with the interior. The fixing tube 262 is fixed to one fixing hole. The first tube 263 is slidably and fitted into one fixing hole. The second tube 264 is disposed at the other end opening 26b of the housing 261 and is connected to the housing 261. An opening 26b is formed between the ends of the second tube 264 and the first tube 263. The radiation source 23 and the detector 24 are disposed within the shielding cavity 26a formed by the housing 261, the first tube 263, and the second tube 264. The first tube 263 and the second tube 264 are coaxially arranged with the liner tube 21.

[0064] Linkage 27 connects to the first tube 263. When linkage 27 drives the first tube 263 to slide to fit against the second tube 264, the opening 26b is completely closed, and the radiation is completely blocked by the shield. When linkage 27 drives the first tube 263 to slide away from the second tube 264, the opening 26b opens, and the first tube 263 slides into contact with the fixed tube 262. A long cylindrical sealing surface is formed between the first tube 263 and the fixed tube 262, making it difficult for radiation to pass between the first tube 263 and the fixed tube 262. The fixed tube 262 can also provide guidance for the sliding of the first tube 263.

[0065] It should be understood that the linkage 27 can be a gear and rack structure or a crank-slider mechanism. Although these structures can open the opening 26b when the output shaft of the first motor 254 rotates, none of these mechanisms can maintain the opening 26b in the open state. Therefore, as Figure 9 , 10 As shown in Figures 12 and 13, in one embodiment, the linkage 27 includes a limiting seat 271, a rotating roller 272, a sleeve 273, a guide portion 274, an elastic portion 275, and a clutch portion 276. The limiting seat 271 is connected to the shielding member 26, the rotating roller 272 is connected to the shielding member 26, and its outer wall has multiple spiral guide channels 272a. The sleeve 273 is rotatably sleeved on the first motor 254. The guide portion 274 is connected to the sleeve 273 and is slidably inserted into the guide channel 272a along the guide channel 272a. The elastic portion 275 is connected to the limiting seat 271. The rotating roller 272 and the clutch part 276 are connected to the sleeve 273 and the output shaft of the first motor 254. When the opening 26b is opened, the clutch part 276 is connected to the sleeve 273 and the rotating shaft of the first motor 254, and pushes the rotating roller 272 to move axially through the guide part 274 to open the opening 26b of the shield 26. When the rotating roller 272 moves axially, it squeezes the elastic part 275. When the opening 26b of the shield 26 is opened to a preset angle, the guide part 274 moves to the end of the guide channel 272a. At this time, the clutch part 276 slips relative to the output shaft of the first motor 254.

[0066] When it is necessary to open opening 26b, the output shaft of the first motor 254 rotates. The output shaft of the first motor 254 drives the sleeve 273 and the guide part 274 to rotate via the clutch part 276. Since the rotating roller 272 is connected to the first tube 263 of the shield 26, the rotating roller 272 can only slide axially and cannot rotate. The rotating guide part 274 slides along the guide channel 272a and pushes the rotating roller 272 to move axially. The moving rotating roller 272 drives the first tube 263 to move, opening the opening 26b between the first tube 263 and the second tube 264. During the movement, the rotating roller 272 will compress the elastic part 275 until the guide part 274 moves to the end of the guide channel 272a. At this time, the guide part 274 cannot push the rotating roller 272 to rotate. The rotating roller 272 applies a limiting force to the sleeve 273 through the guide part 274, causing the clutch part 276 to slip relative to the output shaft of the first motor 254. At this time, the output shaft of the first motor 254 can continue to rotate, and the first tube 263 can remain in a continuously open state, so that the opening 26b opens when the output shaft of the first motor 254 rotates. When the first motor 254 is de-energized, the elastic part 275 pushes the rotating roller 272 and the first tube 263 to reset, realizing the closure of the opening 26b of the shield 26. During the reset process of the rotating roller 272, the output shaft of the first motor 254 is pushed to rotate in the opposite direction through the guide part 274 and the clutch part 276.

[0067] It should be understood that the roller 272 can be directly connected to the first tube 263, or indirectly connected to the first tube 263. Specifically, for example... Figure 10 As shown, in one embodiment, the linkage 27 further includes a plurality of connecting plates 277, which connect the roller 272 and the first tube 263.

[0068] It should be understood that the guide part 274 can be a guide rod, guide block, etc.

[0069] It should be understood that the elastic part 275 can be a spring, an elastic block, or an elastic strip, etc. Specifically, in one embodiment, the elastic part 275 is a spring.

[0070] It should be understood that the clutch part 276 can be a friction clutch, an electromagnetic clutch, etc., specifically, such as Figure 12 and Figure 13As shown, in one embodiment, the outer wall of the output shaft of the first motor 254 is provided with a plurality of slots 254a, which are distributed circumferentially along the output shaft of the first motor 254. The slots 254a are trapezoidal and their dimensions gradually decrease in the direction away from the central axis. The clutch part 276 includes a locking pin 2761 and a spring 2762. The locking pin 2761 is slidably inserted into the sleeve 273 and is disposed opposite to the slots 254a. One end of the locking pin 2761 opposite to the slots 254a is ball-shaped. The spring 2762 connects the locking pin 2761 and the sleeve 273 and is used to provide elastic force for the locking pin 2761 to be inserted into the slots 254a.

[0071] When the guide part 274 is engaged at the end of the guide channel 272a, the guide part 274 cannot continue to rotate, restricting the rotation of the sleeve 273. The sleeve 273 cooperates with the slot 254a, pushing the locking pin 2761 out of the slot 254a. At this time, the output shaft of the first motor 254 rotates relative to the sleeve 273. When the output shaft of the first motor 254 stops rotating, the spring 2762 pushes the locking pin 2761 to reset.

[0072] like Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment, the rotating assembly 3 includes a slewing bearing 31, a fixed bracket 32, a second gear ring 33, a second gear 34, and a second motor 35. The outer ring of the slewing bearing 31 is connected to the monitoring assembly 2. The fixed bracket 32 ​​connects the lifting assembly 4 and the inner ring of the slewing bearing 31. The second gear ring 33 is connected to the outer ring of the slewing bearing 31 and is coaxially arranged with the slewing bearing 31. The second gear 34 meshes with the second gear ring 33. The second motor 35 is fixed to the fixed bracket 32, and its output shaft is connected to the second gear 34. The outer ring of the slewing bearing 31 is connected to the housing 22 in the monitoring assembly 2.

[0073] When it is necessary to drive the monitoring component to rotate in the horizontal plane, the second motor 35 is started, the second electrode drives the second gear 34 to rotate, and the second gear 34 drives the second gear ring 33, the outer ring of the slewing bearing 31 and the monitoring component 2 to rotate.

[0074] It should be understood that the lifting component 4 can be a scissor lift mechanism, with the fixed end of the scissor lift mechanism connected to the hull 1 and the movable end connected to the fixed bracket 32, or it can be a crane, with the crane fixed to the hull 1 and the crane's hook connected to the fixed bracket 32, etc.

[0075] like Figure 2As shown, in one embodiment, the lifting assembly 4 includes a base 41, a winch 42, a lifting arm 43, a hydraulic cylinder 44, and a wire rope 45. The base 41 is fixed to the hull 1, the winch 42 is fixed to the base 41, the lifting arm 43 is hinged to the base 41, the two ends of the hydraulic cylinder 44 are respectively hinged to the lifting arm 43 and the base 41, and one end of the wire rope 45 is wound around the drum of the winch 42, and the other end passes around the lifting arm 43 and is connected to the fixed bracket 32.

[0076] When it is necessary to control the lifting and lowering of the monitoring component 2, the winch 42 is started. The drum of the winch 42 rotates, winding or releasing the wire rope 45. The winding and releasing of the wire rope 45 drives the monitoring component 2 and the rotating component 3 to rise or fall, thus realizing the lifting and lowering of the monitoring component 2. Since a single wire rope 45 lacks rigid guidance, the monitoring component 2 may rotate or swing under the drive of a single wire rope 45, which is not conducive to controlling the monitoring component 2 to be at a preset angle in the horizontal plane. In this embodiment, the wire rope 45 passes around the pulley and is folded at the pulley. After folding, two wire ropes 45 are formed on the rotating component 3. The two wire ropes 45, combined with the weight of the monitoring component 2, can limit the swinging and rotation of the monitoring component 2 relative to the two wire ropes 45. The other end of the wire rope 45 can also be a single strand and directly connected to the fixed bracket 32.

[0077] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the outer shell 22 of the monitoring component 2 is provided with a sensing component (not shown in the figure) for recording three-dimensional position. The sensing component records the spatial pose information of the monitoring device. When the monitoring device is in a preset spatial position, it starts to monitor the sediment content of the water body. When the monitoring component 2 collects the sediment content of the water body, it records the spatial position corresponding to different sediment contents so that the sediment content is associated with the spatial position, so that the sediment content of the water body can be presented as three-dimensional data.

[0078] The sensing components can be GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receivers, inertial measurement units, etc.

[0079] This invention also relates to a method for monitoring sediment in high reservoir dams, which utilizes the aforementioned high reservoir dam sediment monitoring system and includes the following steps:

[0080] Position and anchor the vessel 1 above the location to be measured in the reservoir;

[0081] Control the lifting component 4 to lower the monitoring component 2 to the predetermined initial measurement depth in the reservoir;

[0082] Activate monitoring component 2 to detect the sediment content of the water flow at this point;

[0083] Start the rotating component 3, which drives the monitoring component 2 to rotate at a constant speed around the vertical axis for at least one revolution. At the same time, the monitoring component 2 continuously collects data to obtain the sand content distribution on the horizontal plane at this depth.

[0084] The lifting component 4 is controlled to raise or lower the monitoring component 2, while the monitoring component 2 is kept rotating continuously, so that the detector 24 continuously scans the water body along the spiral trajectory to obtain three-dimensional spatial sediment concentration data from the initial depth to the final depth.

[0085] By combining rotation and lifting motions, the monitoring point moves along a spiral trajectory to continuously scan the water body; the acquired data is a nearly continuous spatial sequence along the spiral path, rather than discrete local point sampling.

[0086] The specific embodiments of the present invention described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made in accordance with the technical concept of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high dam sediment monitoring system, characterized in that, include: hull; A monitoring component having a channel through which water flows, the monitoring component being used to detect the sediment content of the water flowing through the channel; A rotating component, connected to the monitoring component, is used to drive the monitoring component to rotate; and A lifting assembly, connected to the hull and the rotating assembly, is used to control the lifting of the monitoring assembly and the rotating assembly.

2. The sediment monitoring system for high reservoir dams according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring component includes a liner, a housing, a radiation source, and a detector. The housing is fitted onto the liner and together with the liner, forms a mounting cavity surrounding the liner. The radiation source and the detector are both built into the mounting cavity and are positioned opposite each other. The radiation source and the detector are located on both sides of the liner.

3. The sediment monitoring system for high reservoir dams according to claim 2, characterized in that, The monitoring component also includes a drive unit connected to the housing, the radiation source, and the detector, for driving the radiation source and the detector to rotate about the axis of the liner.

4. The sediment monitoring system for high reservoir dams according to claim 3, characterized in that, The monitoring component also includes a shielding element, which is built into the mounting cavity and forms a shielding cavity. The shielding cavity has an annular opening that can be opened or closed on the side facing the liner. The annular opening is coaxially arranged with the liner. The radiation source and detector are built into the shielding cavity. When monitoring the sand content of the water flow in the liner, the opening of the shielding cavity is opened, and the radiation emitted by the radiation source passes through the shielding element and the liner through the opening and is received by the detector. When the sand content in the water flow is stopped, the opening of the shielding cavity is closed, and the radiation is shielded.

5. The sediment monitoring system for high reservoir dams according to claim 4, characterized in that, The driving component includes a rotating wheel, a first gear ring, a first gear, and a first motor. The rotating wheel is rotatably built into the shielding cavity and is coaxially arranged with the liner. The first gear ring is connected to the rotating wheel and is coaxially arranged with the rotating wheel. The first gear meshes with the first gear ring. The first motor is connected to the first gear and is used to drive the first gear to rotate. Both the radiation source and the detector are connected to the first toothed ring.

6. The sediment monitoring system for high reservoir dams according to claim 5, characterized in that, The monitoring component also includes a linkage component, which connects the output shaft of the first motor and the shielding component. When the first motor starts, the linkage component drives the opening of the shielding cavity to open, and when the first motor stops, the linkage component drives the opening of the shielding cavity to close.

7. The sediment monitoring system for high reservoir dams according to claim 6, characterized in that, The shielding component includes a housing, a fixing tube, a first tube body, and a second tube body. The housing is hollow inside and has fixing holes at both ends that communicate with the interior. The fixing tube is fixed to one fixing hole. The first tube body is slidably fitted into and fitted to one fixing hole. The second tube body is located at the other open end of the housing and is connected to the housing. The opening is formed between the ends of the second tube body and the first tube body. The radiation source and detector are located within the shielded cavity formed by the shell, the first tube, and the second tube.

8. The sediment monitoring system for high reservoir dams according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating assembly includes a slewing bearing, a fixed bracket, a second gear ring, a second gear, and a second motor. The outer ring of the slewing bearing is connected to a monitoring assembly. The fixed bracket connects the lifting assembly and the inner ring of the slewing bearing. The second gear ring is connected to the outer ring of the slewing bearing and is coaxially arranged with the slewing bearing. The second gear meshes with the second gear ring. The second motor is fixed to the fixed bracket and its output shaft is connected to the second gear.

9. The sediment monitoring system for high reservoir dams according to claim 7, characterized in that, The linkage includes a limiting seat, a rotating roller, a sleeve, a guide part, an elastic part, and a clutch part. The limiting seat is connected to the shielding component, the rotating roller is connected to the shielding component, and its outer wall has multiple spiral guide channels. The sleeve is rotatably sleeved on the first motor. The guide part is connected to the sleeve and is slidably inserted into the guide channel along the guide channel. The elastic part is connected to the limiting seat and the rotating roller. The clutch part is connected to the sleeve and the output shaft of the first motor. When the opening is opened, the clutch part is connected to the sleeve and the rotating shaft of the first motor, and pushes the rotating roller to move axially through the guide part to open the opening of the shielding component. When the rotating roller moves axially, it squeezes the elastic part. When the opening of the shielding component is opened to a preset angle, the guide part moves to the end of the guide channel. At this time, the clutch part slips relative to the output shaft of the first motor.

10. A high dam sediment monitoring method, characterized in that, The sediment monitoring system for high reservoir dams according to any one of claims 1 to 9 includes the following steps: Position and anchor the vessel above the location to be measured in the reservoir. Control the lifting assembly to lower the monitoring assembly to the predetermined initial measurement depth in the reservoir; The monitoring component is activated, and it detects the sediment content of the water flow at that point. The rotating component is activated, which drives the monitoring component to rotate at a constant speed around the vertical axis for at least one revolution. At the same time, the monitoring component continuously collects data to obtain the sand content distribution on the horizontal plane at that depth. The lifting component is controlled to raise or lower the monitoring component while maintaining its continuous rotation, so that the detector continuously scans the water body along a spiral trajectory to obtain three-dimensional spatial sediment concentration data from the initial depth to the final depth.

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