A large-length-diameter-ratio shaft sleeve machining process, drill bit, turning tool and machining device

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of pipe diameter machining, in particular to a large-length-diameter-ratio shaft sleeve machining process, a drill bit, a turning tool and a machining device, and the machining process comprises the following steps: pipe inner circle machining, using the drill bit to perform rough machining on the inner circumferential surface of the pipe, and using the turning tool to perform fine machining on the inner circumferential surface of the pipe; when the drill bit or the turning tool is used to machine the pipe, the pipe and the drill bit or the turning tool rotate relatively, the drill bit or the turning tool extends into one end of the pipe and moves towards the other end, meanwhile, cutting chip liquid is injected into the end of the pipe far from the end into which the drill bit or the turning tool extends, so that the cutting chip is discharged from the end of the pipe into which the drill bit or the turning tool extends. According to the application, the cutting fluid is injected into the pipe, the cutting tool is directly cooled, the metal cutting chip is flushed, the heat dissipation and chip removal conditions are improved, the overall machining efficiency is improved, the precision of the inner circle size and the surface quality is guaranteed, and the tool loss is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of pipe diameter processing technology, and in particular to a process for machining bushings with a large length-to-diameter ratio, a drill bit, a turning tool, and a machining device. Background Technology

[0002] High length-to-diameter ratio bushings are key mechanical components widely used in precision machinery and heavy-duty equipment. Their distinguishing feature is that their axial dimension is significantly larger than their radial dimension, with a length-to-diameter ratio typically exceeding 5:1. Their manufacturing process is usually more complex, requiring careful consideration of rigidity, wear resistance, and resistance to bending deformation. High standards are also placed on material uniformity, heat treatment processes, and machining accuracy.

[0003] Currently, Chinese invention patent application with publication number CN221715678U and publication date of September 17, 2024, proposes a boring machine for machining bushings, which includes the following structure: a machining table, one end of which is fixedly mounted with a mounting cover by a cylinder, a clamping device is installed on the inner side of the mounting cover, and a fixed platform is fixedly connected to the other end. The boring machine is installed on the top of the fixed platform, and a spraying device is installed on the end of the machining table near the fixed platform.

[0004] During the machining of the bushing, it is installed on the clamping equipment. The cylinder is started to move the bushing to the side of the boring machine. During the movement of the bushing, the boring machine is started to bore the inner hole of the bushing. At the same time, the spraying equipment is started to spray the debris generated during the machining process, thereby avoiding a large amount of debris from spilling into the workshop and affecting the air quality.

[0005] Regarding the aforementioned technologies, since the boring machine performs internal boring of the bushing, the debris mainly concentrates inside the bushing, while the spraying equipment mainly sprays the outer circumference of the bushing. There is a clear separation between the two working areas. This division of labor means that the internal debris cannot be effectively removed by the external spray water flow, potentially leading to debris residue and affecting machining accuracy and part cleanliness. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a machining process, drill bit, turning tool, and machining device for bushings with a large length-to-diameter ratio. By introducing cutting fluid into the bushing, the tool is directly cooled and metal cutting chips are flushed away, which improves heat dissipation and chip removal conditions, increases overall machining efficiency, ensures the accuracy of the inner circumferential dimensions and surface quality, and reduces tool wear.

[0007] A machining process for bushings with a large length-to-diameter ratio includes: For the inner circumference machining of pipe fittings, a drill bit is used to rough machine the inner circumference surface of the pipe fitting, and a lathe tool is used to finish machine the inner circumference surface of the pipe fitting. When machining pipe fittings using a drill bit or turning tool, the pipe fittings and the drill bit or turning tool rotate relative to each other. The drill bit or turning tool extends into the pipe fitting from one end and moves to the other end. At the same time, cutting fluid is injected into the pipe fitting away from the end into which the drill bit or turning tool extends, so that the chips are discharged from the end into which the drill bit or turning tool extends.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, during the machining of the bushing, the pipe fitting is installed on the fixture, and the cutting tool is installed on the rod body. The cutting tool rotates and moves relative to the pipe fitting simultaneously. The cutting tool is used to machine the inner circumference of the pipe fitting. While the cutting tool is working, cutting fluid is introduced into the pipe fitting, allowing the cutting fluid to contact the cutting tool and remove cutting chips. After machining, the cutting tool is moved away from the pipe fitting. During the machining of the inner circumference of the pipe fitting, the cutting tool is inserted into the pipe fitting. The cutting fluid, under pressure, directly rushes towards the area, fully covering and cooling the part where the cutting edge contacts the workpiece. This direct and directional cooling method can quickly remove the heat generated by cutting, effectively controlling the machining temperature and avoiding tool wear or workpiece deformation due to overheating. Simultaneously, the high-speed flowing cutting fluid can also promptly flush out the metal cutting chips generated during machining, preventing chips from remaining inside the pipe and causing scratches on the machined surface, or from entangled in the cutting tool and affecting cutting stability. This process not only significantly improves heat dissipation and chip removal conditions but also enhances overall machining efficiency, ensures the accuracy of the inner circumference dimensions and surface quality, and reduces tool wear, thereby extending tool life and reducing machining costs.

[0009] Optionally, the inner circumference of the outer circumference support tube for mounting drill bits or turning tools is machined.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the rod size is similar to the inner diameter of the processed pipe, thereby effectively reducing the overhang length of the rod inside the pipe, enhancing the rigidity of the overall structure, reducing the risk of vibration and deformation, and improving processing accuracy and stability.

[0011] A drill bit for performing the machining process of the large length-to-diameter ratio bushing, comprising: a drill bit body and a drill rod, wherein the drill bit body is installed at the edge of the end of the drill rod, and the outer circumference of the drill rod supports the inner circumference of the pipe fitting.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, during drilling, the outer circumference of the drill rod supports the inner circumference of the pipe, reducing vibration and deviation that may be caused by excessive cantilever length. This enhances the stability and machining accuracy of the drilling process, making it particularly suitable for drilling the inner circumferential surface of long pipes.

[0013] Optionally, the drill rod is provided with a first chip removal groove, the first chip removal groove is spiral-shaped and arranged along the rotation direction of the drill rod, and the drill bit body is located at the front end of the first chip removal groove.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the drill bit body is located at the front end of the first chip removal groove, allowing it to more directly guide the cutting chips generated during drilling into the first chip removal groove. The spiral structure of the first chip removal groove forms a continuous chip guiding channel when the drill rod rotates. The spiral direction of the first chip removal groove is consistent with the high-speed rotation direction of the drill rod during operation, enabling the metal chips generated during cutting to be quickly and smoothly guided into the groove. This co-rotating structure not only enhances the smoothness of chip removal but also significantly reduces the risk of secondary scraping or retention of chips in the hole. By guiding the chips away from the cutting area in a timely manner, the chances of them contacting the machined inner circumferential surface are effectively reduced, thereby protecting the surface finish and precision of the machined surface, while improving drilling efficiency and tool life.

[0015] Optionally, the region at one end of the first chip removal groove away from the drill bit body is integrally constructed to form a first convergence surface.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the end face of the first chip removal groove is configured as a continuous and smooth first convergent surface. This structure can effectively disperse the local stress generated during machining, significantly reduce the risk of stress concentration, and thus improve the fatigue resistance and service life of the drill bit. At the same time, the tapered convergent surface structure helps guide the chips generated during the cutting process to be quickly discharged along a smooth path, avoiding chip blockage or entanglement in the chip removal groove, thereby achieving rapid chip discharge and improving drilling efficiency and machining quality.

[0017] Optionally, the drill rod includes a drill rod body and a protrusion. The protrusion is disposed on the drill rod body. The drill bit body is installed at the end edge of the drill rod body. The drill rod body has a first chip removal groove. The protrusion is disposed in the middle of the first chip removal groove and extends to the first convergence surface.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, during drilling, which is a roughing process, a large amount of continuous or fragmented cutting chips are generated due to the large amount of material removed. The protrusions can separate and guide the chips entering the first chip removal groove, preventing chips from clogging the groove, while also enhancing the structural rigidity of the drill rod. Combined with the design of the first chip removal groove, it can ensure that the cutting chips are discharged efficiently and smoothly, thereby reducing the accumulation of cutting heat, protecting the drill bit, and improving the overall machining efficiency and hole wall quality.

[0019] Optionally, the protrusion has a plurality of first grooves.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, when smaller chips move into the first groove under the impact of the cutting fluid, they are discharged in an orderly manner along the extension direction of the first groove, thereby improving chip removal efficiency.

[0021] A lathe tool for performing the machining process of the bushing with a large length-to-diameter ratio, comprising: a lathe tool body and a tool holder, wherein the lathe tool body is disposed at the edge of the end of the tool holder, and the outer circumference of the tool holder supports the inner circumference of the tube.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, during turning, the outer circumference of the tool holder supports the inner circumference of the pipe, reducing vibration and deviation that may be caused by excessive cantilever length. This enhances the stability and machining accuracy of the turning process, making it particularly suitable for turning the inner circumferential surface of long pipes.

[0023] Optionally, the tool holder has a second chip removal groove, which is spiral-shaped and arranged along the rotation direction of the tool holder, and the cutting tool body is located at the front end of the second chip removal groove.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the cutting tool body is located at the front end of the second chip removal groove, allowing it to more directly guide the cutting chips generated during drilling into the second chip removal groove. The spiral structure of the second chip removal groove forms a continuous chip-guiding channel when the drill rod rotates. The spiral direction of the second chip removal groove is consistent with the high-speed rotation direction of the cutting tool body during operation, enabling the metal chips generated during cutting to be quickly and smoothly guided into the groove. This co-rotating structure not only enhances the smoothness of chip removal but also significantly reduces the risk of secondary scraping or retention of chips in the hole. By guiding the chips away from the cutting area in a timely manner, the chances of them contacting the machined inner circumferential surface are effectively reduced, thereby protecting the surface finish and accuracy of the machined surface, while improving turning efficiency and tool life.

[0025] A machining apparatus includes a drill bit and a turning tool for machining bushings with a large length-to-diameter ratio. It also includes a turret, a machine tool, and a fluid supply assembly. The machine tool includes a clamping section, an adjusting section, a feed section, a clamping rotary power section, and a machine body. The clamping rotary power section is located at one end of the machine body. The clamping section is located at the end of the machine body near the clamping rotary power section and at its output end. The feed section is located on one side of the machine body. The adjusting section is located at the free end of the feed section. The turret is located at the free end of the adjusting section. The drill bit and the turning tool are mounted on the turret. The fluid supply assembly includes a fluid supply pipe that passes through the center of the clamping section and is connected to a high-pressure cutting fluid source.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, the drill bit and turning tool are mounted on the turret, and the pipe fitting is mounted on the clamping part. The adjusting part is operated to achieve linear movement of the turret. First, the drill bit and pipe fitting are aligned. The clamping rotation power unit and feed unit are controlled to move the drill bit along the axial direction of the pipe fitting under the drive of the feed unit. The clamping rotation power unit drives the clamping part to rotate, causing the pipe fitting to rotate. The drill bit contacts the inner circumferential surface of the rotating pipe fitting. The cutting fluid supply is controlled to allow the cutting fluid to enter the interior of the pipe fitting, contact the drill bit, and remove cutting chips. After drilling, the feed unit is controlled to disengage the drill bit from the pipe fitting, and the fluid supply is stopped. The turret is then rotated, and the turning tool moves to the inner circumferential drilling position of the pipe fitting. The above process is repeated to achieve machining of the inner circumferential surface of the pipe fitting. The drill rods of the drill bit and turning tool support the inner circumference of the pipe fitting, increasing the size of the tool holder, reducing vibration and deviation that may be caused by excessive cantilever length, and enhancing the stability and accuracy of the machining process. This is especially suitable for machining the inner circumferential surface of long pipe fittings. Under pressure, the cutting fluid is directly applied to the cutting area of ​​the drill bit and lathe tool, fully covering and cooling the area where the cutting edge contacts the workpiece. It quickly removes the heat generated during cutting, effectively controlling the machining temperature and preventing tool wear or workpiece deformation due to overheating. The high-speed flow of the cutting fluid also promptly flushes away the metal cutting chips generated during machining, preventing chips from accumulating in the tube and causing scratches on the machined surface, or from wrapping around the tool and affecting cutting stability.

[0027] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. In the machining of the inner circumference of a pipe fitting, this invention involves inserting the cutting tool into the pipe fitting. Under pressure, the cutting fluid directly flows towards the area, fully covering and cooling the part where the cutting edge contacts the workpiece. This direct and directional cooling method rapidly removes the heat generated during cutting. The high-speed flow of the cutting fluid also promptly flushes away the metal cutting chips generated during machining, preventing chips from accumulating inside the pipe and scratching the machined surface, or from entangled in the cutting tool and affecting cutting stability. This improves heat dissipation and chip removal conditions, enhances overall machining efficiency, ensures the accuracy of the inner circumference dimensions and surface quality, and reduces tool wear, thereby extending tool life and lowering machining costs.

[0028] 2. This invention uses cold-drawn round ingots to manufacture bushings. The round ingots are used as the base material and formed by drilling and cold drawing. The overall metallographic structure of the tube is dense and uniform, eliminating inherent defects such as porosity, delamination, and wall thickness eccentricity caused by hot rolling and piercing of conventional seamless steel pipes. This significantly improves structural strength and pressure-bearing performance. Outer diameter and wall thickness specifications can be customized as needed, adapting to the production of non-standard thick-walled and special material bushings. This high adaptability reduces subsequent machining allowances and deformation.

[0029] 3. The drill rod and tool holder of this invention employ a spiral chip removal groove, which, together with a converging surface, constructs a highly efficient and smooth composite discharge channel for cutting fluid and cutting chips. The spiral structure significantly improves chip holding and flow efficiency, achieving rapid and smooth continuous chip removal and effectively preventing chip blockage. As the cutting fluid flows along the chip removal groove, it not only fully utilizes its cooling effect but also enhances its chip-carrying and transporting capacity through the swirling effect generated by the spiral groove, further improving overall chip removal efficiency and stability. The converging surface forms a guiding structure at the end of the channel, which can converge and guide the cutting fluid carrying chips, achieving concentrated and directional discharge of both cutting fluid and chips to a designated outlet, thereby significantly improving the orderliness and controllability of the discharge. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the turret according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a partial exploded view of the cutting tool and turret according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the drill bit according to an embodiment of this application.

[0031] Figure label: 100. Drill bit; 110. Drill bit body; 120. Drill rod; 121. First chip removal groove; 122. First convergence surface; 123. Drill rod body; 124. Protrusion; 125. First groove; 130. First mounting rod; 200. Lathe tool; 210. Lathe tool body; 220. Tool holder; 221. Second chip removal groove; 222. Second convergence surface; 223. Second groove; 230. Second mounting rod; 300, Turret; 310, Tool Head; 311, Guide Slot; 320, Support Base; 321, Placement Slot; 330, Tool Changer Motor; 340, Tool Holder; 341, Mounting Slot; 350, Guide Block; 360, Positioning Plate; 400. Machine tool; 410. Clamping part; 411. Three-jaw chuck; 412. Clamping housing; 413. Hollow spindle; 420. Adjustment part; 421. Adjustment motor; 422. Adjustment screw; 423. Mounting housing; 424. Adjustment seat; 430. Feed part; 431. Feed screw; 432. Mounting plate; 433. Feed slide plate; 434. Feed motor; 440. Clamping rotation power unit; 441. Driven wheel; 442. Rotary motor; 443. Drive wheel; 444. Transmission belt; 450. Machine body; 500. Liquid supply assembly; 510. Liquid supply pipe; 520. Pipe support; 600. Collection box. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The following combination Figures 1 to 3 This application will be described in further detail.

[0033] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 This embodiment provides a processing device, the overall structure of which includes: a drill bit 100, a turning tool 200, a turret 300, a machine tool 400, a fluid supply assembly 500, and a collection box 600. The turret 300, the fluid supply assembly 500, and the collection box 600 are mounted on the machine tool 400, and the fluid supply assembly 500 is connected to a high-pressure cutting fluid source. The drill bit 100 and the turning tool 200 are mounted on the turret 300. The machine tool 400 clamps the pipe, drives the pipe to rotate, adjusts the position of the drill bit 100 and the turning tool 200 relative to the pipe, and feeds them, realizing drilling and turning operations. The turret 300 allows for tool changing, facilitating drilling and turning operations. The fluid supply assembly 500 provides cutting fluid to cool the tools and pipes and flush away cutting chips generated during machining. The collection box 600 collects waste fluid and cutting chips.

[0034] refer to Figure 1 The machine tool 400 includes a clamping part 410, an adjusting part 420, a feeding part 430, a clamping rotary power part 440, and a machine body 450. The clamping rotary power part 440 is installed at one end of the machine body 450. The clamping part 410 is installed at the end of the machine body 450 near the clamping rotary power part 440 and at the output end of the clamping rotary power part 440. The feeding part 430 is installed on one side of the machine body 450. The adjusting part 420 is installed at the free end of the feeding part 430. The turret 300 is installed at the free end of the adjusting part 420. The liquid supply assembly 500 is installed at the end of the machine body 450 near the clamping rotary power part 440. The collection box 600 is installed on the feeding part 430 and located below the turret 300.

[0035] refer to Figure 2 The clamping part 410 includes a three-grip chuck 411, a clamping housing 412, and a hollow spindle 413. The clamping housing 412 is installed at one end of the machine body 450. The hollow spindle 413 is installed on the clamping housing 412 through bearings. The three-grip chuck 411 is installed on the hollow spindle 413 and is coaxial with the hollow spindle 413.

[0036] refer to Figure 2The clamping and rotating power unit 440 includes a driven wheel 441, a rotary motor 442, a driving wheel 443, and a set of transmission belts 444. The rotary motor 442 is mounted on one end of the machine body 450 near the clamping part 410. The driving wheel 443 is mounted on the output shaft of the rotary motor 442. The driven wheel 441 is mounted on the hollow main shaft 413. The upper end of the transmission belt 444 is sleeved on the driven wheel 441, and the lower end is sleeved on the driving wheel 443.

[0037] refer to Figure 1 The feed unit 430 includes a feed screw 431, a mounting plate 432, a feed slide plate 433, and a feed motor 434. The feed motor 434 is mounted on one side of the machine body 450. The feed screw 431 is mounted on one side of the machine body 450 via bearings. One end of the feed screw 431 is mounted on the output shaft of the feed motor 434. The feed slide plate 433 is threadedly connected to the screw 431. The mounting plate 432 is slidably disposed on the machine body 450. The feed slide plate 433 is mounted on the mounting plate 432. The collection box 600 is mounted in the middle of the mounting plate 432 and located below the turret 300.

[0038] refer to Figure 2 The adjustment unit 420 includes an adjustment motor 421, an adjustment screw 422, a mounting housing 423, and an adjustment seat 424. The adjustment seat 424 is inclined and mounted on the mounting plate 432. The adjustment motor 421 is mounted on the adjustment seat 424. The adjustment screw 422 is mounted on the adjustment seat 424 via a bearing. One end of the adjustment screw 422 is mounted on the output shaft of the adjustment motor 421. The mounting housing 423 is threadedly connected to the adjustment screw 422 and slidably disposed on the adjustment seat 424. The turret 300 is mounted on the mounting housing 423.

[0039] refer to Figure 1 and 2According to the bushing size, the tool position is adjusted, and the adjusting motor 421 is controlled to rotate. The adjusting motor 421 drives the adjusting screw 422 to rotate, and the adjusting screw 422 drives the mounting box 423 to move along the adjusting seat 424. The mounting box 423 drives the turret 300 to move, thereby realizing the tool position adjustment. The pipe fitting is installed on the three-jaw chuck 411, and the tool is installed on the turret 300. When machining the inner circumference of the pipe fitting, the rotary motor 442 is controlled to rotate. The rotary motor 442 drives the drive wheel 443 to rotate, and the drive wheel 443 drives the transmission belt 444 to move. The transmission belt 444 drives the driven wheel 441 to rotate, and the driven wheel 441 drives the hollow spindle 413 and the three-jaw chuck 411 to rotate. The three-jaw chuck 411 drives the pipe fitting to rotate. The feed motor 434 is controlled to rotate, which drives the feed screw 431 to rotate. The feed screw 431 drives the feed slide plate 433 to move. The feed slide plate 433 drives the mounting plate 432 to move along the machine body 450. The mounting plate 432 drives the adjustment part 420, the collection box 600, the turret 300 and the cutting tool to move, so that the cutting tool enters the inside of the pipe fitting and realizes the inner circumference machining of the pipe fitting.

[0040] refer to Figure 2 The liquid supply assembly 500 includes a liquid supply pipe 510 and a pipe support 520. The pipe support 520 is installed at one end of the machine body 450. The liquid supply pipe 510 is installed on the pipe support 520 and passes through the hollow spindle 413, coaxial with the hollow spindle 413. The liquid supply pipe 510 is connected to a high-pressure cutting fluid source. When the three-jaw chuck 411 clamps the pipe, one end of the pipe is brought close to the liquid supply pipe 510.

[0041] refer to Figure 3 and 4 The turret 300 includes a tool disc 310, several support seats 320, a tool changer motor 330, several tool holders 340, guide blocks 350 in the same number as the tool holders 340, and positioning plates 360. The tool changer motor 330 is mounted on the mounting housing 423, and the tool disc 310 is mounted on the output shaft of the tool changer motor 330. The tool disc 310 has several guide grooves 311, and several support seats 320 are evenly mounted on the tool disc 310 along the circumferential direction. Two adjacent support seats are evenly mounted on the tool disc 310. The support base 320 forms a placement groove 321, the tool holder 340 is inserted into the placement groove 321, the tool holder 340 is detachably mounted on the tool disc 310, the guide block 350 is mounted on the tool holder 340 and inserted into the guide groove 311, the positioning plate 360 ​​is mounted on the tool holder 340 and abuts against the end face of the support base 320 away from the tool disc 310, the tool holder 340 has an installation groove 341, the installation groove 341 passes through the positioning plate 360.

[0042] refer to Figure 3 and 4The cutting tool is inserted into the mounting slot 341 and installed onto the tool holder 340. By controlling the rotation of the tool changer motor 330, the tool changer motor 330 drives the tool disc 310 to rotate. The tool disc 310 drives the support base 320, the tool holder 340, the guide block 350, and the positioning plate 360 ​​to rotate around the center of the tool disc 310. The tool holder 340 drives the cutting tool to move, changing different cutting tools to match the pipe fittings and realize the processing of the pipe fittings.

[0043] refer to Figure 5 A drill bit 100 includes two drill bit bodies 110, a drill rod 120, and a first mounting rod 130. The first mounting rod 130 is inserted into the mounting groove 341 and is detachably mounted on the tool holder 340. The drill rod 120 is mounted on the first mounting rod 130, and the outer circumference of the drill rod 120 supports the inner circumference of the pipe fitting. One drill bit body 110 is mounted at the middle position of the end of the drill rod 120 away from the first mounting rod 130, and the other drill bit body 110 is mounted at the edge position of the end of the drill rod 120 away from the first mounting rod 130.

[0044] refer to Figure 5 The drill rod 120 includes a drill rod body 123 and a protrusion 124. The protrusion 124 is mounted on the drill rod body 123. The drill bit body 110 is mounted on the drill rod body 123. The drill rod body 123 is provided with a first chip removal groove 121. The first chip removal groove 121 is spiral and is arranged along the rotation direction of the drill rod 120.

[0045] The included angle between the two sidewalls of the first chip removal groove 121 is 90 degrees, which reduces the impact on the strength of the drill rod 120 when the first chip removal groove 121 is opened, making the drill rod 120 less prone to bending deformation. The helix angle of the first chip removal groove 121 is 90 degrees, and the two first chip removal grooves 121 are centrally symmetrically arranged, so that the strength of the drill rod 120 is constant at various angles in the radial direction. When the drill rod 120 is subjected to radial force, the micro deformation of the drill rod 120 is consistent, ensuring machining accuracy.

[0046] The first chip removal groove 121 is integrally constructed to form a first convergent surface 122 at one end away from the drill bit body 110. The drill bit body 110 is located at the front end of the first chip removal groove 121. The protrusion 124 is located in the middle of the first chip removal groove 121 and extends to the first convergent surface 122. A plurality of first grooves 125 are formed on the protrusion 124.

[0047] refer to Figure 5The first chip removal groove 121 is spiral-shaped and, together with the first convergent surface 122, forms an efficient and smooth composite discharge channel for cutting fluid and cutting chips. The drill bit body 110 is located at the front end of the first chip removal groove 121, allowing it to more directly guide the chips generated during drilling into the first chip removal groove 121. The spiral structure of the first chip removal groove 121 forms a continuous chip guiding channel when the drill rod rotates. The spiral direction of the first chip removal groove 121 is consistent with the high-speed rotation direction of the drill rod 120 during operation, enabling the metal chips generated during cutting to be quickly and smoothly guided into the groove. This enhances the smoothness of chip removal and significantly reduces the risk of secondary scraping or retention of chips in the hole. The continuous and smooth first convergent surface 122 effectively disperses the local stress generated during machining, significantly reducing the risk of stress concentration. The tapered convergent surface structure helps guide the chips generated during cutting to be quickly discharged along a smooth path, avoiding chip blockage or entanglement in the chip removal groove. The protrusion 124 can divide and guide the chips entering the first chip removal groove 121, preventing chips from clogging in the groove, and at the same time enhancing the structural rigidity of the drill pipe. When smaller chips move into the first groove 125 under the impact of the cutting fluid, they are discharged in an orderly manner along the extension direction of the first groove 125, improving chip removal efficiency.

[0048] refer to Figure 4 A lathe tool 200 includes a tool body 210, a tool shank 220, and a second mounting rod 230. The second mounting rod 230 is inserted into the mounting groove 341 and is detachably mounted on the tool holder 340. The tool shank 220 is mounted on the second mounting rod 230, and the outer circumference of the tool shank 220 supports the inner circumference of the tube. The tool body 210 is mounted on the end edge of the tool shank 220 away from the second mounting rod 230. The tool shank 220 has a second chip removal groove 221, which is spiral-shaped and arranged along the rotation direction of the tool shank 220.

[0049] The included angle between the two sidewalls of the second chip removal groove 221 is 90 degrees, which reduces the impact of opening the second chip removal groove 221 on the strength of the tool holder 220 and makes the tool holder 220 less prone to bending deformation. The helix angle of the second chip removal groove 221 is 90 degrees, and the two second chip removal grooves 221 are centrally symmetrically arranged, so that the strength of the tool holder 220 is constant at all angles in the radial direction. When the tool holder 220 is subjected to radial force, the micro deformation of the tool holder 220 is consistent, ensuring machining accuracy.

[0050] The cutting tool body 210 is located at the front end of the second chip removal groove 221. The second chip removal groove 221 is integrally constructed to form a second convergence surface 222 at one end away from the cutting tool body 210. The tool holder 220 is provided with a second groove 224 corresponding to the middle position of the second chip removal groove 221.

[0051] refer to Figure 4 The second chip removal groove 221 is spiral-shaped and, together with the second convergent surface 222, forms an efficient and smooth composite discharge channel for cutting fluid and chips. The cutting tool body 210 is located at the front end of the second chip removal groove 221, allowing it to more directly guide the chips generated during drilling into the second chip removal groove 221. The spiral structure of the second chip removal groove 221 forms a continuous chip guiding channel when the drill rod rotates. The spiral direction of the second chip removal groove 221 is consistent with the high-speed rotation direction of the tool holder 220 during operation, enabling the metal chips generated during cutting to be quickly and smoothly guided into the groove. This enhances the smoothness of chip removal and significantly reduces the risk of secondary scraping or retention of chips in the hole. The continuous and smooth second convergent surface 222 effectively disperses the local stress generated during machining, significantly reducing the risk of stress concentration. The tapered convergent surface structure helps guide the chips generated during cutting to be quickly discharged along a smooth path, avoiding chip blockage or entanglement in the chip removal groove.

[0052] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: The drill bit 100 and the lathe tool 200 are mounted on the turret 300.

[0053] According to the bushing size, the tool position is adjusted, and the adjusting motor 421 is controlled to rotate. The adjusting motor 421 drives the adjusting screw 422 to rotate, and the adjusting screw 422 drives the mounting box 423 to move along the adjusting seat 424. The mounting box 423 drives the tool turret 300 to move, thereby realizing the tool position adjustment. By controlling the tool changing motor 330 to rotate, the tool changing motor 330 drives the tool head 310 to rotate. The tool head 310 drives the support seat 320, tool holder 340, guide block 350 and positioning plate 360 ​​to rotate around the center of the tool head 310. The tool holder 340 drives the drill 100 and turning tool 200 to move, changing different tools to match the pipe fitting, thereby realizing the drilling and turning of the pipe fitting.

[0054] The pipe fitting is mounted on the three-jaw chuck 411, and the cutting tool is mounted on the turret 300. During the inner circumference machining of the pipe fitting, the rotary motor 442 is controlled to rotate, which drives the drive wheel 443 to rotate. The drive wheel 443 drives the transmission belt 444 to move, which in turn drives the driven wheel 441 to rotate. The driven wheel 441 drives the hollow spindle 413 and the three-jaw chuck 411 to rotate, which in turn drives the pipe fitting to rotate. The feed motor 434 is controlled to rotate, which drives the feed screw 431 to rotate. The feed screw 431 drives the feed slide plate 433 to move, which in turn drives the mounting plate 432 to move along the machine body 450. The mounting plate 432 drives the adjusting part 420, the collecting box 600, the turret 300, the drill bit 100, and the turning tool 200 to move, so that the drill bit 100 and the turning tool 200 enter the interior of the pipe fitting, realizing the inner circumference machining of the pipe fitting.

[0055] Taking drilling as an example, the drill bit 100 contacts the inner circumferential surface of the rotating pipe. The cutting fluid supply is controlled, allowing the cutting fluid to enter the pipe through the supply pipe 510, contacting the drill bit body 110 and the drill rod 120. The cutting fluid and chips enter the first chip removal groove 121 and the first convergence surface 122 to jointly construct the discharge channel. The spiral structure of the first chip removal groove 121 significantly improves chip holding and flow efficiency, achieving rapid and smooth continuous chip removal. Drilling generates a large number of chips. Under the impact of the cutting fluid, the chips move and contact the protrusion 124, which can separate and guide the chips entering the first chip removal groove 121, preventing chip blockage within the groove. Under the impact of the cutting fluid, smaller chips move into the first groove 125 and are discharged orderly along the extension direction of the first groove 125, improving chip removal efficiency.

[0056] A machining process for bushings with a large length-to-diameter ratio includes: Pipe fittings processing: Cold drawing round ingots to make pipes and fittings; Made from round ingots through drilling and cold drawing, the pipe fittings have a dense and uniform overall metallographic structure, eliminating inherent defects such as porosity, delamination, and wall thickness eccentricity caused by hot rolling and piercing of conventional seamless steel pipes. This significantly improves structural strength and pressure-bearing performance. Outer diameter and wall thickness specifications can be customized as needed, and it is suitable for producing non-standard thick-walled and special material bushings, offering strong adaptability and reducing subsequent machining allowances and deformation.

[0057] Liquid supply installation: Install the liquid supply pipe 510 on the machine tool 400, concentric with the clamping part 410 of the machine tool 400; Drill bit 100 and turning tool 200 installation: Install the drill bit 100 and the turning tool 200 onto the turret 300; Pipe clamping: clamping the pipe onto the clamping part 410 of the machine tool 400; Tool adjustment: The control adjustment unit 420 is activated to move the drill bit 100 to the inner circumferential drilling position of the pipe fitting; Pipe inner circumference drilling: Control the clamping part 410 to rotate, causing the round pipe to rotate; control the feed part 430 to work, causing the drill bit 100 to move along the pipe axial direction to drill the inner circumference of the pipe; cutter fluid is introduced into the pipe through the fluid supply pipe 510, so that the cutter fluid contacts the drill bit 100 and carries away the cutting chips; the cutter fluid and cutting chips fall into the collection box 600; after drilling is completed, move the drill bit 100 away from the pipe. Tool change: Control the operation of the tool turret 300 to move the cutting tool 200 to the inner circumferential drilling position of the pipe fitting; Pipe inner circumference turning: Control the clamping part 410 to rotate, causing the round pipe to rotate; control the feed part 430 to work, causing the cutting tool 200 to move along the pipe axis to turn the inner circumference of the pipe. Cutting fluid is introduced into the pipe through the fluid supply pipe 510, so that the cutting fluid contacts the cutting tool 200 to flush away the cutting chips. The cutting fluid and cutting chips fall into the collection box 600. After the turning is completed, the cutting tool 200 is moved away from the pipe.

[0058] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A machining process for bushings with a large length-to-diameter ratio, characterized in that, include: For the inner circumference machining of pipe fittings, a drill bit is used to rough machine the inner circumference surface of the pipe fitting, and a lathe tool is used to finish machine the inner circumference surface of the pipe fitting. When machining pipe fittings using a drill bit or turning tool, the pipe fittings and the drill bit or turning tool rotate relative to each other. The drill bit or turning tool extends into the pipe fitting from one end and moves to the other end. At the same time, cutting fluid is injected into the pipe fitting away from the end into which the drill bit or turning tool extends, so that the chips are discharged from the end into which the drill bit or turning tool extends.

2. The machining process for bushings with a large length-to-diameter ratio according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner circumference of the outer circumference support tube used to mount drill bits or turning tools.

3. A drill bit (100) for performing the machining process of a bushing with a large length-to-diameter ratio as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, include: The drill bit body (110) and the drill rod (120) are installed at the edge of the end of the drill rod (120), and the outer circumference of the drill rod (120) supports the inner circumference of the pipe.

4. The drill bit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The drill rod (120) is provided with a first chip removal groove (121), which is spiral in shape and arranged along the rotation direction of the drill rod (120). The drill bit body (110) is located at the front end of the first chip removal groove (121).

5. The drill bit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first chip removal groove (121) is integrally constructed to form a first convergence surface (122) at the end away from the drill bit body (110).

6. The drill bit according to claim 5, characterized in that: The drill rod (120) includes a drill rod body (123) and a protrusion (124). The protrusion (124) is disposed on the drill rod body (123). The drill bit body (110) is installed at the end edge of the drill rod body (123). The drill rod body (123) has a first chip removal groove (121). The protrusion (124) is disposed in the middle of the first chip removal groove (121) and extends to the first convergence surface (122).

7. The drill bit according to claim 6, characterized in that: The protrusion (124) has several first grooves (125).

8. A lathe tool (200) for implementing the machining process of a bushing with a large length-to-diameter ratio as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, include: The tool body (210) and the tool holder (220) are provided. The tool body (210) is located at the edge of the end of the tool holder (220). The outer circumference of the tool holder (220) supports the inner circumference of the tube.

9. The turning tool according to claim 8, characterized in that: The tool holder (220) has a second chip removal groove (221), which is spiral in shape and arranged along the rotation direction of the tool holder (220). The cutting tool body (210) is located at the front end of the second chip removal groove (221).

10. A processing apparatus, characterized in that, include: The drill bit (100) as described in claim 3 and the turning tool (200) as described in claim 8 are used to implement the large length-to-diameter ratio bushing machining process as described in claim 1 or 2. The tool also includes a turret (300), a machine tool (400), and a fluid supply assembly (500). The machine tool (400) includes a clamping part (410), an adjusting part (420), a feed part (430), a clamping rotary power part (440), and a machine body (450). The clamping rotary power part (440) is located at one end of the machine body (450), and the clamping part (410) is located at the end of the machine body (450) near the clamping rotary power part (440). The clamping part (410) is located at the output end of the clamping rotation power part (440), the feed part (430) is located on one side of the machine body (450), the adjustment part (420) is located at the free end of the feed part (430), the turret (300) is located at the free end of the adjustment part (420), the drill bit (100) and the turning tool (200) are located on the turret (300), the fluid supply assembly (500) includes the fluid supply pipe (510), the fluid supply pipe (510) passes through the center of the clamping part (410), and the fluid supply pipe (510) is connected to a high-pressure cutting fluid source.

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