Method for quenching large aluminum alloy components with a cylindrical ellipsoidal bottom

Abstract

This application provides a method for shape-property coordinated quenching of large aluminum alloy components with ellipsoidal bottoms and vertical cylinders, comprising the following steps: S1: uniform solution treatment; S2: rapid transfer; S3: differential spray quenching: activating four spray systems V1, V2, V3, and V4 of the quenching machine tool, where spray system V1 quenches and cools the inner surface of the ellipsoidal bottom portion, spray system V2 quenches and cools the outer surface of the ellipsoidal bottom portion, spray system V3 quenches and cools the inner surface of the vertical cylinder portion, and spray system V4 quenches and cools the outer surface of the vertical cylinder portion; S4: uniform aging. By using differential spray quenching with "same intensity" on the inner and outer surfaces of the ellipsoidal bottom portion of the large aluminum alloy component and "different intensity" on the inner and outer surfaces of the vertical cylinder portion, the cooling uniformity of the component is improved, the consistency of the component's performance is enhanced, and the quenching deformation of the component is reduced, achieving precise shape-performance coordinated quenching treatment for large aluminum components with ellipsoidal bottoms and vertical cylinders.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of non-ferrous heat treatment technology, and relates to a quenching method for shape-property coordination of large ellipsoidal aluminum alloy components, and more particularly to a quenching method for shape-property coordination of large aluminum alloy components with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal base. Background Technology

[0002] To meet the "three extremes" requirements of "extreme service environment, extreme size structure, and extreme performance requirements" for major equipment, the main load-bearing components of major equipment in fields such as aerospace are developing towards the "four modernizations" of "lightweight materials, large size, integrated manufacturing, and complex structure." Taking the fuel tank of a launch vehicle as an example, lightweight aluminum alloy materials are used, and the manufacturing method has been innovated from the traditional "split plastic forming and heat treatment + welding" to the advanced "integral plastic forming + integrated heat treatment" manufacturing method. Heat treatment quenching is a key process that imparts extreme performance to materials and components, and is the core guarantee for ensuring the "four modernizations" of main load-bearing components. After the integral plastic forming of the components, they have characteristics such as "large size and complex structure." Traditional immersion quenching is prone to problems such as uneven performance and quenching deviations.

[0003] Using traditional immersion quenching tanks, large aluminum alloy components with vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal bottoms exhibit significant performance variations and excessive quenching deformation after quenching, leading to their direct scrapping. The main reasons for the large performance variation and excessive quenching deformation of large aluminum alloy components with ellipsoidal bottoms with vertical cylinders after quenching are as follows: (1) When using the immersion quenching method with the vertical cylinder opening facing upwards, the component cannot sink quickly. The part of the component in contact with the quenching medium cools quickly, while the part not in contact with the quenching medium cools slowly. As a result, the part with the slow cooling rate does not reach the critical cooling rate, resulting in poor performance. Moreover, the difference in cooling rate between the two parts is extremely large, and the uneven cooling leads to a large quenching distortion. (2) When using the immersion quenching method with the vertical cylinder opening facing downwards, the gas inside the component cannot be discharged in time, and the component cannot sink. Similarly, after quenching, there are problems such as "poor performance and large distortion". (3) When using the immersion quenching method with the vertical cylinder tilted, there is a time difference between the beginning and end of the component contact with the quenching medium, especially for large components. This leads to uneven cooling of the component, resulting in large quenching deformation and large performance variation. Therefore, immersion quenching cannot meet the requirements of large aluminum alloy components with ellipsoidal bottoms with vertical cylinders.

[0004] Chinese invention patent application (application number: 202310512661.1) discloses a high-uniformity quenching system and method for variable pitch and asteroid configuration. The device consists of a liquid supply and circulation device, a multi-ring spraying device, a roller conveyor, and a closed support structure. By controlling the flow rate and pressure of the medium in each ring of the spraying device, the system solves the problems of uneven quenching cooling, large quenching deformation, and uneven product performance in hemispherical and semi-ellipsoidal variable pitch and asteroid shell components, achieving high uniformity and near-zero quenching deformation treatment for variable pitch and asteroid components.

[0005] Actual production revealed that when using the method of the aforementioned Chinese invention to process large aluminum alloy components with ellipsoidal bases and vertical cylinders, the performance of the vertical cylinder is uneven, and there are local areas that cannot meet the strength requirements. More seriously, the roundness accuracy of the opening of the vertical cylinder is extremely poor and cannot be remedied by machining or other methods. This hinders the development of the "four modernizations" of main load-bearing components for major equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, this application provides a shape-property coordinated quenching method for large aluminum alloy components with ellipsoidal bottoms and vertical tubes. By coordinating the "same intensity" spray quenching of the inner and outer surfaces of the ellipsoidal bottom part of the large aluminum alloy component with the "different intensity" spray quenching of the inner and outer surfaces of the vertical tube part, the method improves the uniform cooling of large aluminum alloy components with ellipsoidal bottoms and vertical tubes, enhances the consistency of the performance of large aluminum alloy components with ellipsoidal bottoms and vertical tubes, reduces the quenching deformation of large aluminum alloy components with ellipsoidal bottoms and vertical tubes, and achieves precise shape-performance coordinated quenching treatment for large aluminum alloy components with ellipsoidal bottoms and vertical tubes.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present application provides a method for quenching large aluminum alloy components with ellipsoidal bottoms and a vertical tube, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1: Uniform solution treatment: The large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal bottom is placed into a solution treatment furnace that has been heated to the first temperature and kept at that temperature for the first time.

[0009] S2: Rapid transfer: Rapidly transfer the large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal base that has been treated by S1 to the quenching machine tool, and rapidly raise the spray system of the quenching machine tool to align with the corresponding part of the large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal base.

[0010] S3: Differential Spraying: Start the four spray systems V1, V2, V3 and V4 of the quenching machine tool. Spray system V1 quenches and cools the inner surface of the ellipsoidal base of the large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal base. Spray system V2 quenches and cools the outer surface of the ellipsoidal base of the large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal base. Spray system V3 quenches and cools the inner surface of the vertical cylindrical part of the large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal base. Spray system V4 quenches and cools the outer surface of the vertical cylindrical part of the large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal base.

[0011] S4: Uniform aging: The large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal bottom that has been treated by S3 is placed in an aging furnace heated to the second temperature and held at that temperature for a second time;

[0012] The flow rate and pressure per unit area of ​​the quenching medium in spray system V1 are the same as those in spray system V2. The flow rate and pressure per unit area of ​​the quenching medium in spray system V3 are greater than those in spray system V1. The flow rate and pressure per unit area of ​​the quenching medium in spray system V3 are less than those in spray system V4.

[0013] In some possible embodiments of this application, the material of the large aluminum alloy component with ellipsoidal base is selected from aluminum alloy materials with grades including 2219, 2024, 2A14, 2A14 and 7050. The wall thickness of the ellipsoidal base portion and the vertical portion of the large aluminum alloy component with ellipsoidal base is between 20 mm and 90 mm, and the thickness difference between the ellipsoidal base portion and the vertical portion is not greater than 5 mm. The height of the vertical portion is greater than 20 mm.

[0014] In some possible embodiments of this application, the first heating temperature and the first heating time in step S1 are determined according to GJB 1694A-2019 "Requirements for Heat Treatment of Deformed Aluminum Alloys"; the first heating temperature is adjusted based on the material of the large aluminum alloy component, and the first holding time is adjusted based on the wall thickness of the large aluminum alloy component.

[0015] Furthermore, the first heating temperature is selected from one of the following: 485℃, 490℃, 495℃, 500℃, 505℃, 510℃, 515℃, 520℃, 525℃, 530℃, 535℃, 540℃, 545℃.

[0016] Furthermore, the first heating time is selected from one of the following: 50 minutes, 60 minutes, 70 minutes, 80 minutes, 90 minutes, 100 minutes, 120 minutes, 140 minutes, 160 minutes, 180 minutes, 200 minutes, 220 minutes, and 240 minutes.

[0017] In some possible embodiments of this application, the transfer time of step S2, which involves rapidly transferring a large aluminum alloy component with a cylindrical ellipsoidal base to a quenching machine tool, is less than 15 seconds.

[0018] Furthermore, the transfer time is calculated from the time the furnace door of the solution furnace in S1 is opened until the time it takes for the large aluminum alloy component with the vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal bottom to reach the quenching machine tool.

[0019] In some possible embodiments of this application, the unit quenching medium flow rate of the spray system V1 and the spray system V2 in step S3 is (8-10) liters / square meter*hour, and the pressure of the quenching medium of the spray system V1 and the spray system V2 is 0.4-0.6 MPa.

[0020] Furthermore, the larger the diameter of the ellipsoid of the large aluminum alloy component, the greater the unit flow rate of the quenching medium. In one embodiment of this application, the diameter of the ellipsoid is 5 meters, and the unit area flow rate of the quenching medium in spray systems V1 and V2 is 10 liters / square meter*hour. In another embodiment of this application, the diameter of the ellipsoid is 1.5 meters, and the unit area flow rate of the quenching medium in spray systems V1 and V2 is 8 liters / square meter*hour.

[0021] Furthermore, the greater the wall thickness of the large aluminum alloy component, the greater the pressure of the quenching medium. In one embodiment of this application, the wall thickness of the large aluminum alloy component is 20 mm, and the quenching medium pressure of spray systems V1 and V2 is 0.4 MPa. In another embodiment of this application, the wall thickness of the large aluminum alloy component is 90 mm, and the quenching medium pressure of spray systems V1 and V2 is 0.6 MPa.

[0022] In some possible embodiments of this application, in step S2, the unit flow rate of the quenching medium in the spray system V3 is (10-12) liters / square meter*hour, and the pressure of the quenching medium is 1.1-1.25 times that of the quenching medium pressure in the spray system V1.

[0023] Furthermore, the larger the diameter of the ellipsoid of the large aluminum alloy component, the greater the flow rate per unit area of ​​the quenching medium in the spray system V3. In one embodiment of this application, the diameter of the ellipsoid is 5 meters, and the flow rate per unit area of ​​the quenching medium in the spray system V3 is 12 liters / square meter*hour. In another embodiment of this application, the diameter of the ellipsoid is 1.5 meters, and the flow rate per unit area of ​​the quenching medium in the spray system V3 is 10 liters / square meter*hour.

[0024] Furthermore, the larger the diameter of the ellipsoid of the large aluminum alloy component, the greater the pressure of the quenching medium in the spray system V3. In one embodiment of this application, the large diameter of the ellipsoid is 5 meters, and the pressure of the quenching medium in the spray system V3 is 1.25 times the pressure of the quenching medium in the spray system V1. In another embodiment of this application, the large diameter of the ellipsoid is 1.5 meters, and the pressure of the quenching medium in the spray system V3 is 1.1 times the pressure of the quenching medium in the spray system V1.

[0025] In some possible embodiments of this application, in step S3, the unit flow rate of the quenching medium in the spray system V4 is (15-17) liters / square meter*hour, and the pressure of the quenching medium is 1.4-1.6 times that of the quenching medium pressure in the spray system V2.

[0026] Furthermore, the larger the diameter of the ellipsoid of the large aluminum alloy component, the greater the flow rate per unit area of ​​the quenching medium in the spray system V4. In one embodiment of this application, the large diameter of the ellipsoid is 5 meters, and the flow rate per unit area of ​​the quenching medium in the spray system V4 is 17 liters / square meter*hour. In another embodiment of this application, the large diameter of the ellipsoid is 1.5 meters, and the flow rate per unit area of ​​the quenching medium in the spray system V4 is 15 liters / square meter*hour.

[0027] Furthermore, the larger the diameter of the ellipsoid of the large aluminum alloy component, the greater the pressure of the quenching medium in spray system V4. In one embodiment of this application, the diameter of the ellipsoid is 5 meters, and the pressure of the quenching medium in spray system V4 is 1.6 times that of the quenching medium in spray system V2. In another embodiment of this application, the diameter of the ellipsoid is 1.5 meters, and the pressure of the quenching medium in spray system V4 is 1.4 times that of the quenching medium in spray system V1.

[0028] In some possible embodiments of this application, the second heating temperature and the second heating time in step S4 are determined according to GJB 1694A-2019 "Requirements for Heat Treatment of Deformed Aluminum Alloys"; the second heating temperature is adjusted based on the material of the large aluminum alloy component, and the second holding time is adjusted based on the wall thickness of the large aluminum alloy component.

[0029] Furthermore, the second heating temperature is selected from one of the following: 100℃, 110℃, 120℃, 130℃, 140℃, 150℃, 160℃, 170℃, 175℃, 180℃, 185℃, 190℃, 195℃, 200℃, 205℃, 210℃, 215℃, 220℃.

[0030] Furthermore, the second heating time is selected from one of the following: 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 13 hours, 14 hours, 15 hours, 16 hours, 17 hours, 18 hours, 19 hours, and 20 hours.

[0031] This application achieves the following positive effects by combining "uniform intensity" spray quenching of the inner and outer surfaces of the ellipsoidal base of large aluminum alloy components with "differential intensity" spray quenching of the inner and outer surfaces of the vertical cylinder. First, the method of this application improves the uniform cooling of large aluminum alloy components with ellipsoidal bases and enhances the consistency of their performance. Specifically, in terms of tensile strength, the traditional "non-differential spray quenching" method has a variation of ±17 MPa, while the "differential spray quenching" method of this application has a variation of ±6 MPa; in terms of elongation, the traditional "non-differential spray quenching" method has a variation of ±4%, while the "differential spray quenching" method of this application has a variation of ±2.2%. Furthermore, the method of this application reduces the quenching deformation of large aluminum components with ellipsoidal bases. Specifically, regarding end roundness, the traditional "non-differential spray quenching" method results in deformation greater than 2‰, while the "differential spray quenching" method of this application results in deformation less than 1‰. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The following are accompanying drawings of this application. These drawings are provided only to illustrate the application in a more intuitive form. They are exemplary, and some dimensions have been enlarged or reduced for clarity and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a structural dimension diagram of a large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal base, as shown in Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make this application easier to understand, specific embodiments are described below to further illustrate this application. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods described in this application are conventional methods; the materials described, unless otherwise specified, are all commercially available. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. In case of any inconsistency, the meaning as described in this specification or derived from the content described in this specification shall prevail. Furthermore, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of this application only and is not intended to limit this application.

[0035] In order to accurately describe the technical content of this application and to accurately understand this application, the following explanations or definitions of the words and terms used in this specification are given before describing the specific embodiments.

[0036] The terms "one embodiment" or "implementation" as used in this specification mean that a particular feature, step, or characteristic described in conjunction with that embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of this application. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" appearing throughout this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but may refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, in one or more embodiments, the particular features, steps, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this application.

[0037] The inventors of this application discovered in actual production that, when using existing technology to process large aluminum alloy components with ellipsoidal bases and vertical cylinders, the performance of the vertical cylinder is uneven, and some areas fail to meet strength requirements. More seriously, the roundness accuracy of the cylinder opening is extremely poor, and cannot be remedied by machining or other methods. Through fluid-structure interaction numerical simulation and detailed on-site observation, the inventors further discovered that the quenching medium sprayed onto the outer surface of the ellipsoidal base flows downwards along the ellipsoidal base, forming a water film on the outer surface of the vertical cylinder. This water film is heated by the bottom of the ellipsoid, reducing the cooling effect on the outer surface of the vertical cylinder, causing its cooling rate to fall below the critical cooling rate requirement, resulting in poor performance. Simultaneously, the quenching medium sprayed onto the inner surface of the ellipsoidal base falls directly under gravity, with very little flowing to the inner surface of the vertical cylinder. These factors combined lead to inconsistent cooling rates between the inner and outer surfaces of the vertical cylinder, resulting in significant quenching distortion.

[0038] In response to the aforementioned problems, the inventors conducted intensive research and provided the shape-property coordinated quenching method for large aluminum alloy components with ellipsoidal bottoms, as described in this application. This method improves the uniform cooling of large aluminum alloy components with ellipsoidal bottoms by coordinating "same intensity" spray quenching with "different intensity" spray quenching on the inner and outer surfaces of the ellipsoidal bottom part with differential spray quenching on the inner and outer surfaces of the vertical cylinder part. This improves the consistency of the performance of large aluminum alloy components with ellipsoidal bottoms, reduces the quenching deformation of large aluminum alloy components with ellipsoidal bottoms, and achieves precise shape-performance coordinated quenching treatment for large aluminum alloy components with ellipsoidal bottoms.

[0039] To facilitate the implementation of this application, exemplary embodiments are described below.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] The large aluminum alloy component with a cylindrical ellipsoidal base in Example 1 is made of 2219 aluminum alloy, and its structural diagram is shown below. Figure 1 As shown. The large diameter of the ellipsoidal base is 5000 mm, the small diameter is 4800 mm, and the height is 2400 mm. The height of the vertical cylinder is 120 mm, and the thickness of the large aluminum alloy components is 60 mm.

[0042] The large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal base of Example 1 is processed in the following four steps:

[0043] S101: Uniform solution treatment: The large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal bottom from Example 1 was placed in a solution treatment furnace heated to 538°C and heated and held for 210 minutes.

[0044] S201: Rapid transfer: The large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal base of Example 1, which has been treated by S101, is rapidly transferred to the quenching machine tool in 14 seconds.

[0045] S301: Differential Spray Quenching: The four spray systems V1, V2, V3 and V4 of the quenching machine tool are started to perform differential spray quenching on the large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal bottom of Example 1 that has been treated by S201. The unit quenching medium flow rate of spray systems V1 and V2 is 10 liters / m²*hour and the medium pressure is 0.6 MPa; the unit quenching medium flow rate of spray system V3 is 12 liters / m²*hour and the medium pressure is 0.7 MPa; and the unit quenching medium flow rate of spray system V4 is 17 liters / m²*hour and the medium pressure is 0.9 MPa.

[0046] S401: Uniform aging: The large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal base of Example 1, which has been treated by S301, is placed in an aging furnace heated to 180°C and heated and held for 32 hours.

[0047] The mechanical properties of the ellipsoidal base and the vertical cylinder of the large aluminum alloy component with ellipsoidal base in Implementation 1, which has undergone the above four steps, were tested. The tensile strength of the ellipsoidal base was (406±6) MPa and the elongation was (11±1.9)%. The tensile strength of the vertical cylinder was (402±4) MPa and the elongation was (11±2.2)%. The roundness of the vertical cylinder was tested for accuracy, and the results showed that the quenching distortion was controlled within 1‰.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] The large aluminum alloy component with an ellipsoidal base and vertical cylinder in Example 2 is made of 2219 aluminum alloy. The large diameter of the ellipsoidal base is 1500 mm, the small diameter is 1420 mm, and the height is 800 mm. The height of the vertical cylinder is 40 mm, and the thickness of the large aluminum alloy component is 30 mm.

[0050] The large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal base of Example 2 is processed in the following four steps:

[0051] S101: Uniform solution treatment: The large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal base of Example 1 is placed in a solution treatment furnace heated to 538°C, heated and held for 100 minutes.

[0052] S201: Rapid transfer: The large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal base of Example 1, which has been treated by S101, is rapidly transferred to the quenching machine tool in 14 seconds.

[0053] S301: Differential Spray Quenching: The four spray systems V1, V2, V3, and V4 of the quenching machine tool are activated to perform differential spray quenching on the large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal bottom of Example 1, which has been treated by S201. The unit quenching medium flow rate of spray systems V1 and V2 is 9 liters / m²*hour, and the medium pressure is 0.4 MPa; the unit quenching medium flow rate of spray system V3 is 10 liters / m²*hour, and the medium pressure is 0.48 MPa; and the unit quenching medium flow rate of spray system V4 is 15 liters / m²*hour, and the medium pressure is 0.55 MPa.

[0054] S401: Uniform aging: The large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal base of Example 1, which has been treated by S301, is placed in an aging furnace heated to 180°C and heated and held for 18 hours.

[0055] The mechanical properties of the ellipsoidal base and the vertical cylinder of the large aluminum alloy component with ellipsoidal base in Implementation 1, which has undergone the above four steps, were tested. The tensile strength of the ellipsoidal base was (415±3) MPa and the elongation was (11±1.0)%. The tensile strength of the vertical cylinder was (412±5) MPa and the elongation was (11±1.6)%. The roundness of the vertical cylinder was tested for accuracy, and the results showed that the quenching distortion was controlled within 0.7‰.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] The large aluminum alloy component with an ellipsoidal base and vertical cylinder in Example 3 is made of 2219 aluminum alloy. The large diameter of the ellipsoidal base is 3550 mm, the small diameter is 3400 mm, and the height is 1600 mm. The height of the vertical cylinder is 50 mm, and the thickness of the large aluminum alloy component is 40 mm.

[0058] The large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal base of Example 3 is processed in the following four steps:

[0059] S101: Uniform solution treatment: The large aluminum alloy component with a cylindrical ellipsoidal base of Example 1 is placed in a solution treatment furnace heated to 538°C and heated and held for 150 minutes.

[0060] S201: Rapid transfer: The large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal base of Example 1, which has been treated by S101, is rapidly transferred to the quenching machine tool in 14 seconds.

[0061] S301: Differential Spray Quenching: The four spray systems V1, V2, V3 and V4 of the quenching machine tool are started to perform differential spray quenching on the large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal bottom of Example 1 that has been treated by S201. The unit quenching medium flow rate of spray systems V1 and V2 is 9 liters / m²*hour and the medium pressure is 0.5 MPa. The unit quenching medium flow rate of spray system V3 is 11 liters / m²*hour and the medium pressure is 0.6 MPa. The unit quenching medium flow rate of spray system V4 is 16 liters / m²*hour and the medium pressure is 0.7 MPa.

[0062] S401: Uniform aging: The large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal base of Example 1, which has been treated by S301, is placed in an aging furnace heated to 180°C and heated and held for 24 hours.

[0063] The mechanical properties of the ellipsoidal base and the vertical cylinder of the large aluminum alloy component with ellipsoidal base in Implementation 1, which has undergone the above four steps, were tested. The tensile strength of the ellipsoidal base was (412±4) MPa and the elongation was (11±1.5)%. The tensile strength of the vertical cylinder was (408±6) MPa and the elongation was (11±2.0)%. The roundness of the vertical cylinder was tested for accuracy, and the results showed that the quenching distortion was controlled within 0.8‰.

[0064] Comparative Example 1

[0065] The material and size structure of the large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal base in Comparative Example 1 are the same as those in Example 3.

[0066] The following four steps were performed on the large aluminum alloy component with an ellipsoidal base and a vertical tube as described in Scale 1:

[0067] S102: Uniform solution treatment: The large aluminum alloy component with a cylindrical ellipsoidal base of Comparative Example 1 was placed in a solution treatment furnace heated to 538°C and heated and held for 150 minutes.

[0068] S202: Rapid transfer: The large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal base of Comparative Example 1, which has been treated by S102, is rapidly transferred to the quenching machine tool in 14 seconds.

[0069] S302: Uniform spray quenching: The four spray systems V1, V2, V3 and V4 of the quenching machine tool are started to perform differential spray quenching on the large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal bottom of Comparative Example 1 that has been treated by S202. The unit quenching medium flow rate of spray systems V1, V2, V3 and V4 is 9 liters / square meter*hour, and the medium pressure is 0.5 MPa.

[0070] S4: Uniform aging: The large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal base of Comparative Example 1, which has been treated with S302, is placed in an aging furnace heated to 180°C and held for 24 hours.

[0071] The mechanical properties of the ellipsoidal base and the vertical cylinder of the large aluminum alloy component with an ellipsoidal base in Comparative Example 1, which has undergone the above four steps, were tested. The tensile strength of the ellipsoidal base was (408±12) MPa and the elongation was (11±1.5)%. The tensile strength of the vertical cylinder was (354±17) MPa and the elongation was (8±4.0)%. The roundness of the vertical cylinder was tested for accuracy, and the results showed that the quenching distortion was greater than 2‰.

[0072] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment and the technical principles employed in this application. Those skilled in the art will understand that this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, although this application has been described in detail through the above embodiments, this application is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include many other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of this application, all of which fall within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A quenching method for shape- and property-coordinated operation of large aluminum alloy components with ellipsoidal bottoms and upright tubes, comprising the following steps: S1: Uniform solution treatment: The large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal bottom is placed into a solution treatment furnace that has been heated to the first temperature and kept at that temperature for the first time. S2: Rapid transfer: Rapidly transfer the large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal base that has been treated by S1 to the quenching machine tool, and rapidly raise the spray system of the quenching machine tool to align with the corresponding part of the large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal base. S3: Differential Spraying: Start the four spray systems V1, V2, V3 and V4 of the quenching machine tool. Spray system V1 quenches and cools the inner surface of the ellipsoidal base of the large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal base. Spray system V2 quenches and cools the outer surface of the ellipsoidal base of the large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal base. Spray system V3 quenches and cools the inner surface of the vertical cylindrical part of the large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal base. Spray system V4 quenches and cools the outer surface of the vertical cylindrical part of the large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal base. S4: Uniform aging: The large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal bottom that has been treated by S3 is placed in an aging furnace heated to the second temperature and held at that temperature for a second time; The flow rate and pressure per unit area of ​​the quenching medium in spray system V1 are the same as those in spray system V2. The flow rate and pressure per unit area of ​​the quenching medium in spray system V3 are greater than those in spray system V1. The flow rate and pressure per unit area of ​​the quenching medium in spray system V3 are less than those in spray system V4.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the large aluminum alloy component with ellipsoidal base and vertical tube is selected from aluminum alloy materials with grades including 2219, 2024, 2A14, 2A14 and 7050. The wall thickness of the ellipsoidal base part and the vertical tube part of the large aluminum alloy component with ellipsoidal base and vertical tube is between 20 mm and 90 mm, and the thickness difference between the ellipsoidal base part and the vertical tube part is not greater than 5 mm. The height of the vertical tube part is greater than 20 mm.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first heating temperature and the first heating time in step S1 are determined according to GJB 1694A-2019 "Requirements for Heat Treatment of Deformed Aluminum Alloys"; the first heating temperature is adjusted based on the material of the large aluminum alloy component, and the first holding time is adjusted based on the wall thickness of the large aluminum alloy component.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The first heating temperature in step S1 includes, but is not limited to, one of the following: 485℃, 490℃, 495℃, 500℃, 505℃, 510℃, 515℃, 520℃, 525℃, 530℃, 535℃, 540℃, and 545℃.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The first heating time in step S1 includes, but is not limited to, one of the following: 50 minutes, 60 minutes, 70 minutes, 80 minutes, 90 minutes, 100 minutes, 120 minutes, 140 minutes, 160 minutes, 180 minutes, 200 minutes, 220 minutes, and 240 minutes.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transfer time for rapidly transferring the large aluminum alloy component with a vertical cylindrical ellipsoidal base to the quenching machine tool in step S2 is less than 15 seconds.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the unit quenching medium flow rate of spray system V1 and spray system V2 is (8-10) liters / square meter*hour, and the pressure of the quenching medium of spray system V1 and spray system V2 is 0.4-0.6MPa.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S3, the unit flow rate of the quenching medium in the spray system V3 is (10-12) liters / square meter*hour, and the pressure of the quenching medium in the spray system V3 is 1.1-1.25 times that of the quenching medium in the spray system V1.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S3, the unit flow rate of the quenching medium in the spray system V4 is (15-17) liters / square meter*hour, and the pressure of the quenching medium in the spray system V4 is 1.4-1.6 times that of the quenching medium in the spray system V2.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second heating temperature and the second heating time in step S3 are determined according to GJB 1694A-2019 "Requirements for Heat Treatment of Deformed Aluminum Alloys"; the second heating temperature is adjusted based on the material of the large aluminum alloy component, and the second holding time is adjusted based on the wall thickness of the large aluminum alloy component.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The second heating temperature in step S3 includes, but is not limited to, one of the following: 100℃, 110℃, 120℃, 130℃, 140℃, 150℃, 160℃, 170℃, 175℃, 180℃, 185℃, 190℃, 195℃, 200℃, 205℃, 210℃, 215℃, 220℃.

12. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The second heating time in step S3 includes, but is not limited to, one of the following: 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 13 hours, 14 hours, 15 hours, 16 hours, 17 hours, 18 hours, 19 hours, and 20 hours.

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