BIM and two-dimensional code-based prefabricated component installation laser guiding system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on BIM and two-dimensional code's fabricated component installation laser guiding system and method, its system includes database module, the unique identification of each laminated slab is obtained from BIM model, contour figure and installation position, and the three are associated storage, form database;Identification body, fixed installation is in laminated slab surface, based on the unique identification generation of each laminated slab;Laminated slab acquisition module is used to acquire the unique identification carried by identification body on laminated slab, and it is sent to central control module;Central control module is used to query corresponding target laminated slab contour figure and installation position from database based on unique identification;Then BIM coordinate is converted into laser projector image coordinate, generates projection image, and sends projection instruction to laser projector;Laser projection module is installed in high altitude position above floor, for projecting target projection image to target position of target floor according to projection instruction, guide floor installation worker to complete landing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of composite slab hoisting technology, specifically to a laser-guided system and method for installing prefabricated components based on BIM and QR codes. Background Technology

[0002] In prefabricated buildings, the on-site installation of precast composite slabs, composite beams, and other components is a crucial step affecting construction efficiency and quality. Currently, the following two technical solutions are mainly used for the hoisting and positioning of composite slabs:

[0003] 1. A combination of human walkie-talkie collaboration and paper drawings.

[0004] Ground-based hoisting personnel and floor-mounted installation personnel communicate via walkie-talkie about the composite slab number. Floor-mounted personnel then locate the theoretical installation position of the slab based on paper drawings, and use hand gestures or verbal commands to instruct the tower crane operator to adjust the hook position and complete the placement. This method remains the mainstream approach in most prefabricated construction sites.

[0005] 2. Pre-marking or spray-painting auxiliary mode

[0006] Control lines for the installation of composite slabs are pre-marked on the floor formwork, or directional arrows are sprayed on the surface of the composite slabs. During hoisting, workers visually align the control lines and arrows to determine the planar position and orientation of the composite slabs. Some projects also use total stations to lay out key points to assist manual positioning.

[0007] However, the aforementioned traditional methods have revealed the following prominent problems in actual engineering projects: First, floor personnel need to locate the composite slabs on the drawings, which is time-consuming; walkie-talkie communication is easily interfered with by environmental noise, and information is easily distorted or omitted, causing the tower crane to frequently hover and wait. Second, installation personnel need to rely on experience to judge the direction of the composite slabs (such as the direction of the reinforcing bars) and the precise landing point; novices are prone to errors, requiring repeated adjustments, and may even cause the composite slabs to collide or be reworked. Third, during the hoisting process, the tower crane needs to wait in the air for the floor personnel to complete the positioning and direction confirmation, resulting in a long hoisting time for a single composite slab, which seriously affects the construction rhythm of the standard floor. Finally, although some precast composite slabs have embedded RFID chips or affixed QR codes, such markings are currently mostly used for warehousing management and transportation tracking, and have not yet formed a data linkage with the on-site installation process, so the design information of the BIM model cannot be directly converted into construction instructions. In addition, pre-marking or spraying marks are static guides and cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the actual hoisting sequence; and when there are local unevenness or obstructions in the floor formwork, the marks are easily blurred or become ineffective.

[0008] To address these issues, some studies have attempted to use augmented reality (AR) headsets or laser projection technology for assisted positioning. However, AR devices are unstable in strong light and dusty environments and are inconvenient to wear. Existing laser projection solutions often rely on complex external positioning base stations or require manual point-by-point calibration, making them difficult to deploy quickly and adapt to standard floors in high-rise buildings undergoing repeated construction.

[0009] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method and system that can combine BIM digital information with on-site laser projection and use QR codes to trigger real-time visualization guidance of the position and outline of composite slabs, so as to reduce reliance on manual labor, improve hoisting efficiency and accuracy, and adapt to the construction scenarios of high-rise prefabricated buildings under aluminum formwork and climbing formwork systems. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to provide a laser-guided system and method for installing prefabricated components based on BIM and QR codes, so as to at least solve the problems of heavy manual labor and low efficiency and accuracy in the current hoisting of composite slabs.

[0011] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a laser-guided installation system for prefabricated components based on BIM and QR codes, comprising:

[0012] The database module retrieves the unique identifier, outline, and installation location of each composite slab from the BIM model, and stores the unique identifier, outline, and installation location of each composite slab in association to form a database;

[0013] The identifier is fixedly installed on the surface of the composite slab and is generated based on the unique identifier of each composite slab.

[0014] The composite slab acquisition module is used to collect the unique identifiers carried on the markers on the composite slabs at the construction site and send the collected unique identifiers to the central control module.

[0015] The central control module is used to obtain unique identifiers and, based on the unique identifiers of each composite slab and the unique identifiers of the outline diagram, retrieve the corresponding target composite slab outline graphics and installation positions from the database; then, it converts the BIM coordinates into laser projector image coordinates through a coordinate transformation matrix and generates a projected image including the composite slab outline graphics; finally, it sends the projected image and projection coordinates as projection instructions to the laser projector.

[0016] The laser projection module is installed at a high position above the floor. It is used to project the target image onto the target location on the target floor according to the projection command, and guide the floor installation workers to complete the placement.

[0017] Furthermore, the methods for constructing the coordinate transformation matrix include:

[0018] Select reference points with known BIM coordinates on the target floor, and use a laser projector installed at a high position above the floor to project lasers onto each reference point. Record the corresponding projector image coordinates, and use the multi-point correspondence to calculate the homography matrix, which serves as the transformation matrix from the BIM coordinate system to the projector image coordinate system.

[0019] Furthermore, the projected image also includes a unique identifier for the laminate.

[0020] Furthermore, the laser projector is fixedly installed on the climbing scaffold, which is higher than the aluminum formwork support system, and its projection field of view covers the entire floor.

[0021] Furthermore, the system also includes laser flashing lights installed at designated locations on the composite panel, which emit visible flashing light when the composite panel is lifted.

[0022] Furthermore, the laser flashing light is fixed to the reinforcing ribs of the composite plate.

[0023] Furthermore, the identification body is a barcode label or a QR code label.

[0024] Furthermore, the central control module is connected to the composite plate acquisition module and the laser projection module respectively via a wireless communication module.

[0025] Furthermore, the database module is built into the central control module.

[0026] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for hoisting composite slabs using the aforementioned BIM- and QR code-based laser-guided installation system for prefabricated components, comprising the following steps:

[0027] S1: Before hoisting, ground hoisting personnel use the composite plate acquisition module to scan the markings on the surface of the composite plate, collect the unique identifier carried by the markings on the composite plate, and send the collected unique identifier to the central control module;

[0028] S2: The central control module queries the database for the corresponding target composite slab outline and installation location based on the received unique identifier; then it converts the BIM coordinates into laser projector image coordinates through a coordinate transformation matrix and generates a projected image including the composite slab outline; then it sends the projected image and projection coordinates as projection instructions to the laser projector.

[0029] S3: The laser projection module projects a projection image onto the target location on the target floor according to the received projection command, guiding the floor installation workers to complete the placement.

[0030] The advantages of this invention are: it eliminates the need for floor staff to search for paper drawings, communicate and confirm via intercom, and repeatedly locate the panel. After ground staff scan the unique identifier of the composite panel, the central control module completes coordinate transformation within milliseconds and drives the laser projector to project the outline of the composite panel. Floor staff can directly follow the projected graphic for positioning. The laser-projected outline serves as an intuitive and unified installation guide, eliminating the need for installers to have extensive experience in reading drawings or skilled command abilities; they only need to adjust the placement of the composite panel according to the projected boundary. Attached Figure Description

[0031] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, use the same reference numerals to denote the same or similar parts. The illustrative embodiments of this application and their descriptions are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] 1. Database module; 2. Central control module; 3. Composite slab; 4. Composite slab acquisition module; 5. Laser projection module; 6. Climbing frame; 7. Tower crane; 8. Laser flashing light. Detailed Implementation

[0035] Firstly, such as Figure 1 The laser-guided installation system for prefabricated components based on BIM and QR codes shown includes:

[0036] Database module 11 obtains the unique identifier, outline graphic and installation position (coordinates) of each composite slab 3 from the BIM model, and stores the unique identifier (such as the ID number of composite slab 3), outline graphic (corner point or center point of outer outline polygon + rotation angle) and installation position (theoretical installation floor position) of composite slab 3 together to form a database;

[0037] The identifier is fixedly installed on the surface of the composite plate 3 and is generated based on the unique identifier of each composite plate 3;

[0038] The composite slab acquisition module 4 is used to collect the unique identifier carried by the marker on the composite slab 3 at the construction site and send the collected unique identifier to the central control module 2.

[0039] The central control module 2 is used to obtain a unique identifier and query the corresponding target composite slab 3 outline graphic and installation position from the database based on the unique identifier; then, it converts the BIM coordinates into laser projector image coordinates through a coordinate transformation matrix and generates a projected image including the outline graphic of the composite slab 3; then, it sends the projected image and projection coordinates as projection instructions to the laser projector.

[0040] Laser projection module 5 is installed at a high position above the floor and is used to project the target image onto the target position on the target floor according to the projection command, guiding the floor installation workers to complete the placement; laser projection module 5 can use an industrial-grade galvanometer scanning laser projector, and the projected image uses green or blue high-brightness laser scanning lines to draw the outline, and the outline line width is adjustable (5-20mm).

[0041] This application achieves automatic mapping from BIM data to on-site physical locations, eliminating the need for manual drawing checks and intercom communication, and directly converting digital information into visual work instructions; projection is triggered by scanning a QR code, improving response time, reducing tower crane waiting time, and significantly improving the installation efficiency of single composite slabs; the landing point and posture of the composite slabs are displayed through laser contour graphics, reducing reliance on worker experience, reducing repeated adjustments, and improving placement accuracy.

[0042] By pre-storing information such as the number, outline, and installation location of the composite slab 3 in the BIM model into the database, and using a unique identifier as the sole link between the physical composite slab 3 and the digital information, the central control module 2 automatically completes coordinate transformation and projection command generation. This enables the information of the composite slab 3 to be connected throughout the entire process from factory to warehouse to on-site installation, changing the current limitation of QR codes being used only for logistics management, and providing a feasible technical path for the digital construction of prefabricated buildings.

[0043] According to one embodiment of this application, the coordinate transformation matrix is ​​obtained through on-site calibration. The calibration process calculates the homography matrix using the BIM coordinates of at least four non-collinear reference points on the floor and the coordinates of the projector image. Specifically, it includes:

[0044] Select reference points with known BIM coordinates on the target floor (preferably the intersection of axes on the floor template). Use a laser projector installed at a high position above the floor to project lasers onto each reference point (4-6 points evenly distributed in the projection coverage area). Record the corresponding projector image coordinates. Calculate the homography matrix using the multi-point correspondence relationship, which serves as the transformation matrix from the BIM coordinate system to the projector image coordinate system.

[0045] This implementation avoids manual measurement and layout by quickly establishing a mathematical mapping between the virtual BIM model and the physical site, shortening the single-layer calibration time compared to traditional total station layout. The calibration results of a single layer can be reused for projection guidance of all composite slabs 3 of the standard layer. Each time the climbing frame 6 is raised or the standard layer is changed, the calibration is performed again.

[0046] According to one embodiment of this application, the projected image also includes a unique identifier for the composite plate 3. The unique identifier is superimposed on the upper left corner or center of the projected outline in text form (such as "LY-12"), with the text direction consistent with the outline direction. By integrating the identifier with the outline graphic, installation workers do not need to check their mobile phones or tablets separately; they can confirm the matching of the suspended composite plate 3 with the projected outline simply by looking at the projected text. This prevents misaligned installation caused by scanning errors or database anomalies, while also improving work efficiency.

[0047] According to one embodiment of this application, a laser projector is fixedly installed on a climbing scaffold 6 that is higher than the aluminum formwork support system. The climbing scaffold 6 is an attached lifting scaffold. The laser projector is installed on the inner crossbar of the truss of the climbing scaffold 6, and a shock-absorbing gimbal and dust cover can be configured as needed. The horizontal rotation and pitch angles of the laser projector can be designed to be electrically fine-tuned to adapt to the attitude changes of the climbing scaffold 6 after it is lifted. The projection field of the laser projector needs to cover the floor slab installation area, with a projection distance of 5-12 meters, and should not be obstructed by the boom of the tower crane 7 or the material storage area.

[0048] According to one embodiment of this application, the system further includes a laser flashing light 8 installed at a designated location on the composite slab 3. When the composite slab 3 is hoisted, the laser flashing light 8 emits visible flashing light. The designated location is a specific direction agreed upon at the construction site (e.g., the flashing side of the light is designated as "south"), used to lock in and indicate the installation orientation to personnel on the floor in advance when the composite slab 3 is hoisted into the air. By setting up the laser flashing light 8, when the composite slab 3 is in the air, personnel on the floor can determine the orientation of the composite slab 3 from a distance and prepare the rotation angle for placement in advance; by cooperating with the laser contour projection, a dual guidance of airborne orientation prediction and ground contour alignment can be formed, further shortening the orientation identification time; and it can also avoid reverse placement errors caused by the rotational symmetry of the composite slab 3, reducing the rework rate.

[0049] According to one embodiment of this application, the laser flashing light 8 is fixed to the reinforcing bars of the composite slab 3. The reinforcing bars are the steel bars extending from the composite slab 3, and the light body is fixed to the base of the reinforcing bars by clips or magnetic bases. The laser flashing light 8 can be a red laser diode or a high-brightness LED strobe light, which can be activated by a gravity sensor built into the light or by a manual switch during hoisting, or by triggering a wireless signal when scanning a code. By installing the laser flashing light 8 on the reinforcing bars, there is no need to drill holes or glue it to the slab surface, and the composite slab 3 is not damaged.

[0050] According to one embodiment of this application, the label can be a waterproof and dustproof barcode label or QR code label. The label is affixed to the edge of the non-load-bearing upper surface of the composite slab 3, making it easy for ground personnel to scan. The scanning operation is quick and convenient, with a high success rate and higher accuracy compared to manual input.

[0051] According to one embodiment of this application, the central control module 2 is connected to the composite plate acquisition module 4 and the laser projection module 5 respectively via a wireless communication module. The wireless communication adopts a self-organizing network or LoRa scheme, which has strong anti-interference ability, automatically reconnects and caches data after disconnection, ensuring continuous system operation. The projector, central control module 2, and wireless communication equipment are all designed with industrial protection level, adaptable to temperatures of -10℃ to 50℃ and high humidity environments.

[0052] According to one embodiment of this application, the database module 1 is built into the central control module 2. The central control module 2 may be an industrial control computer or a general-purpose computer, with a built-in wireless communication unit and a solid-state drive (SSD) storage device, and the database is stored in the SSD storage device.

[0053] Secondly, such as Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a method for hoisting composite slab 3 using the above-mentioned BIM and QR code-based laser guidance system for prefabricated component installation, comprising the following steps:

[0054] S1: Before hoisting, the ground hoisting personnel use the composite plate acquisition module 4 (mobile phone or barcode scanner) to scan the markings on the surface of the composite plate 3, collect the unique identifier carried by the markings on the composite plate 3, and send the collected unique identifier to the central control module 2.

[0055] S2: The central control module 2 queries the database for the outline of the target composite slab 3 and its installation location based on the received unique identifier; then it converts the BIM coordinates into laser projector image coordinates through a coordinate transformation matrix, and generates a projected image including the outline of the composite slab 3; then it sends the projected image and projection coordinates as projection instructions to the laser projector.

[0056] S3: The laser projection module 5 projects the image onto the target position on the target floor according to the received projection command. The floor workers direct the tower crane 7 to fine-tune its position according to the outline and the direction of the lights.

[0057] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser-guided installation system for prefabricated components based on BIM and QR codes, characterized in that, include: The database module retrieves the unique identifier, outline, and installation location of each composite slab from the BIM model, and stores the unique identifier, outline, and installation location of each composite slab in association to form a database; The identifier is fixedly installed on the surface of the composite panel and is generated based on the unique identifier of each composite panel; The composite slab acquisition module is used to collect the unique identifiers carried on the markers on the composite slabs at the construction site and send the collected unique identifiers to the central control module. The central control module is used to obtain the unique identifier and query the corresponding target composite slab outline and installation position from the database based on the unique identifier; then, it converts the BIM coordinates into laser projector image coordinates through a coordinate transformation matrix and generates a projected image including the composite slab outline; then, it sends the projected image and projection coordinates as projection instructions to the laser projector. The laser projection module is installed at a high position above the floor and is used to project the projected image onto the target position on the target floor according to the projection command, so as to guide the floor installation workers to complete the placement.

2. The laser-guided installation system for prefabricated components based on BIM and QR codes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for constructing the coordinate transformation matrix includes: A reference point with known BIM coordinates is selected on the target floor. A laser projector installed at a high position above the floor projects a laser onto each reference point, and the corresponding projector image coordinates are recorded. The homography matrix is ​​calculated using the multi-point correspondence relationship and serves as the transformation matrix from the BIM coordinate system to the projector image coordinate system.

3. The laser-guided installation system for prefabricated components based on BIM and QR codes according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The projected image also includes a unique identifier for the composite plate.

4. The laser-guided installation system for prefabricated components based on BIM and QR codes according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The laser projector is fixedly installed on a climbing scaffold that is higher than the aluminum formwork support system, and its projection field of view covers the entire floor.

5. The laser-guided installation system for prefabricated components based on BIM and QR codes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes laser flashing lights installed at designated locations on the composite panel, which emit visible flashing light when the composite panel is lifted.

6. The laser-guided installation system for prefabricated components based on BIM and QR codes according to claim 5, characterized in that, The laser flashing light is fixed to the reinforcing bar of the composite plate.

7. The laser-guided installation system for prefabricated components based on BIM and QR codes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The identifier is a barcode label or a QR code label.

8. The laser-guided installation system for prefabricated components based on BIM and QR codes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central control module is connected to the composite plate acquisition module and the laser projection module via a wireless communication module.

9. The laser-guided installation system for prefabricated components based on BIM and QR codes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The database module is built into the central control module.

10. A method for hoisting composite slabs using a BIM- and QR code-based laser-guided assembly component installation system as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Before hoisting, the ground hoisting personnel use the composite plate acquisition module to scan the markings on the surface of the composite plate, collect the unique identifier carried by the markings on the composite plate, and send the collected unique identifier to the central control module; S2: The central control module queries the database for the corresponding target composite slab outline and installation location based on the received unique identifier; then it converts the BIM coordinates into laser projector image coordinates through a coordinate transformation matrix and generates a projected image including the composite slab outline; then it sends the projected image and projection coordinates as projection instructions to the laser projector. S3: The laser projection module projects the projected image onto the target position on the target floor according to the received projection command, guiding the floor installation workers to complete the placement.

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