Stator for an electric machine, electric machine for driving a vehicle, and vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a stator (1) comprising a stator core (2) having a plurality of slots (6) and a stator winding (7) having N phases (U, V, W), with N ≥ 2; wherein each phase (U, V, W) is formed by a shaped conductor (8a, 8b) having leg portions (9.1 to 9.24) arranged in the slots and forming a current path (14a) for each phase (U, V, W); the slots (6) are divided into 1st to Lth layers (19a to 19d), which form 1st to (L / 2)th double layers (20a, 20b); an accommodation space for each phase (U, V, W) forms 2P winding regions having 1st to (2P)th winding region indices (21a to 21f); and the current path (14a) comprises 1st to (L·P)th leg portions (9.1 to 9.12), with L ≥ 4 and being even, P ≥ 2; for all 0 ≤ b ≤ L / 2−1 and for all 1 ≤ c ≤ 2P, the (2P·b+c)th leg portion (9.1 to 9.12) of the current path (14a) is arranged in a winding region having the cth winding region index (21a to 21f) and the (b+1)th double layer (20a, 20b; 20a, 20b, 20c); for all 1 ≤ d ≤ L·P / 2, the (2d−1)th and (2d)th leg portions (9.1 to 9.12; 9.1 to 9.18) are spaced from each other by N·q slots (6), q ≥ 2; for all 1 ≤ f ≤ L / 2−1, the (2f·P)th and (2f·P+1)th leg portions (9.6, 9.7) are spaced from each other by N·q slots (6); and for all 0 ≤ g ≤ L / 2−1 and for all 1 ≤ i ≤ P−1, the (g·2P+2i)th and (g·2P+2i+1)th leg portions (9.2 to 9.5, 9.8 to 9.11) are spaced from each other by N·q−1 slots (6) when g is a specified first parity and by N·q+1 slots (6) when g is a second parity different from the first parity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a stator for an electric motor, an electric motor for driving a vehicle, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Stator windings with shaped conductors have become a key focus of industrial development, particularly in the automotive drive sector. A fundamental requirement for stators is a symmetrical configuration of the stator windings to avoid generating rotor position-dependent compensating currents during motor operation equipped with such stators. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to provide a feasible solution for enabling a motor having a stator winding formed of shaped conductors to operate symmetrically, which is particularly suitable for automotive applications.

[0004] According to the invention, this objective is achieved by a stator for an electric motor, the stator having: a stator core having a longitudinal axis, two axially opposed end sides, and a plurality of slots extending from one end side to the other end side; and a stator winding having a number N branches, where N≥2; wherein each branch is formed by a shaped conductor having leg portions disposed in the slots and forming connecting portions at the end sides, the connecting portions electrically connecting a pair of leg portions to each other; wherein, for each branch, the shaped conductor passes through the connecting portions. The legs are connected in series to form a current path; wherein the slots are subdivided into layers 1 to L, which are named according to their order in the radial direction, and for all 1≤a≤L / 2, layers 1 to (L / 2) are formed by layers (2a) and (2a-1), where L≥4 and is an even number; wherein each slot forms a receiving space in each layer for accommodating one of the legs, and for each corresponding branch, the receiving space forms 2·P winding regions with winding region indices 1 to (2·P) along a predetermined circumferential direction, where P≥2 The current path includes the 1st to (L·P)th leg portions, which are named according to their series connection order; for all 0 ≤ b ≤ L / 2–1 and all 1 ≤ c ≤ 2·P, the (2·P·b+c)th leg portion of the current path is located in the winding region with the c-th winding region index and the (b+1)th double layer; for all 1 ≤ d ≤ L·P / 2, the (2·d–1)th and (2·d)th leg portions are spaced N·q slots apart, where q is a natural number and q ≥ 2; for all 1 ≤ f For all 0 ≤ g ≤ L / 2–1 and all 1 ≤ i ≤ P–1, when g has a predetermined first parity, the (g·2·P+2·i)th and (g·2·P+2·i+1)th leg portions are separated by N·q–1 slots, and when g has a second parity different from the first parity, the (g·2·P+2·i)th and (g·2·P+2·i+1)th leg portions are separated by N·q+1 slots.

[0005] The stator for an electric motor according to the invention has a stator core. The stator core has a longitudinal axis, two end sides, and a plurality of slots. The end sides are axially opposite each other. The slots extend from one end side to the other end side. The stator also has stator windings. The stator windings have a number N branches, where N ≥ 2.

[0006] Each branch is formed by a shaped conductor. The shaped conductor has leg portions. The leg portions are disposed within a slot. The shaped conductor forms a connecting portion. The connecting portion electrically connects a pair of leg portions to each other at their respective ends. For each branch, the shaped conductor forms a current path by connecting the series-connected leg portions through the connecting portion.

[0007] The slots are subdivided into layers 1 through L, where L ≥ 4 and is an even number. These layers are named according to their order in the radial direction. For all 1 ≤ a ≤ L / 2, these layers form double layers 1 through (L / 2) by layers (2a) and (2a-1). In each layer, each slot forms a receiving space for accommodating one of the leg portions. For each corresponding branch, the receiving space forms 2·P winding regions, where P ≥ 2. These winding regions have winding region indices 1 through (2·P) along a predetermined circumferential direction.

[0008] The current path comprises leg portions 1 through (L·P), named according to their series connection order. For all 0 ≤ b ≤ L / 2–1 and all 1 ≤ c ≤ 2·P, the (2·P·b+c)th leg portion of the current path is located in the winding region with the index of the c-th winding region and the (b+1)th double layer. For all 1 ≤ d ≤ L·P / 2, the (2·d–1)th and (2·d)th leg portions are spaced N·q slots apart. q is a natural number and q ≥ 2. For all 1 ≤ f ≤ L / 2–1, the (2·f·P)th and (2·f·P+1)th leg portions are spaced N·q slots apart.

[0009] For all 0 ≤ g ≤ L / 2–1 and all 1 ≤ i ≤ P–1, when g has a predetermined first parity, the (g·2·P+2·i)th and (g·2·P+2·i+1)th leg portions are separated by N·q–1 slots from each other, and when g has a second parity different from the first parity, the (g·2·P+2·i)th and (g·2·P+2·i+1)th leg portions are separated by N·q+1 slots from each other.

[0010] The present invention is based on the consideration of achieving stator winding symmetry in the following manner: the leg portions connected at one end, namely the (2·d–1)th and (2·d)th leg portions, and the leg portions located in different double layers and connected at the other end, namely the (2·f·P)th and (2·f·P+1)th leg portions, all have a spacing of N·q slots. Furthermore, those leg portions connected at the other end and located in the same double layer, namely the (g·2·P+2·i)th and (g·2·P+2·i+1)th leg portions, have a spacing that varies between N·q–1 slots and N·q+1 slots depending on the double layer, i.e., it depends on the parity of the running index g. Here, it can be specified that the first parity is even and the second parity is odd; or the first parity is odd and the second parity is even.

[0011] The terms "axial," "axial direction," "radial," "radial direction," and "circumferential direction" all refer to the longitudinal axis. When viewed from one end, the predetermined circumferential direction can be clockwise or counterclockwise.

[0012] The stator core is specifically composed of multiple individual laminations that are axially stacked and / or electrically insulated from each other. In this respect, the stator core can also be considered or referred to as a laminar stator core. Slots typically extend axially within the stator core.

[0013] The number of branches is preferably exactly three or exactly six. The branches can be interconnected in a star or delta configuration. Specifically, connecting devices are provided to interconnect the branches in a star or delta configuration. Typically, the current path forms a wave winding.

[0014] The number of layers is preferably a maximum of sixteen, and more preferably a maximum of twelve. In the preferred configuration, L is exactly equal to four, six, or eight. The first layer can be either the outermost or the innermost radially among these layers.

[0015] q can also be considered as the number of slots per pole and per branch. In other words, the stator core can have a total of 2·P·q·N slots. In particular, q≥3.

[0016] Particularly preferably, q is an odd number. Specifically, q = 3 or q = 5. An odd number of slots typically places high demands on achieving symmetrical stator windings, which the stator according to the invention satisfies. Particularly preferably, P = q.

[0017] The winding region should be specifically understood as a continuous group of spaces that accommodate leg portions belonging to the same branch and with current flowing in the same direction when an N-phase AC voltage is applied to the stator winding. Each winding region preferably extends to cover exactly q slots.

[0018] If L and P are coprime, this is also preferred. In this case, the stator can also achieve a symmetrical embodiment of the stator winding.

[0019] The winding regions can also have winding region indices from (2·P+1) to (4·P) according to their order along the circumferential direction opposite to the predetermined circumferential direction, where the (2·P+1)th winding region index and the (2·P-1)th winding region index specify the same winding region. Therefore, each winding region of each branch has two names or winding region indices.

[0020] In a preferred improvement of the stator according to the invention, the specified current path further comprises (L·P+1) to (2·L·P) leg portions, which are named according to their series connection order, wherein the (L·P+2·P·b+c) leg portion is disposed in the winding region having the (2·P+c) winding region index and the [(L / 2)–b] double layer, wherein the (L·P+2·d–1) and (L·P+2·d) leg portions are spaced N·q slots apart from each other, wherein the (L·P+f·2·P) The first and (L·P+f·2·P+1)th leg portions are spaced N·q slots apart, where when g has a first parity, the (L·P+(L / 2-g)·2·P+2·i)th and [L·P+(L / 2-g)·2·P+2·i+1]th leg portions are spaced N·q–1 slots apart, and when g has a second parity, the (L·P+(L / 2-g)·2·P+2·i)th and [L·P+(L / 2-g)·2·P+2·i+1]th leg portions are spaced N·q+1 slots apart. Visually, the spacing between the first to (L·P)th leg portions and the arrangement of the (L·P+1)th to (2·L·P)th leg portions are mirrored to achieve a symmetrical stator winding while providing a current path with 2·L·P leg portions.

[0021] Preferably, the (L·P)th leg portion and the (L·P+1)th leg portion are connected in series through one of the connecting portions. In this case, the (L·P)th leg portion and the (L·P+1)th leg portion can be spaced N·q slots apart from each other.

[0022] Specifically, it can be stipulated that: the (L·P+1)th leg portion is located in the Lth layer, and / or, the (2·L·P)th leg portion is located in the first layer, and / or, in the case of series connection, every two directly consecutive leg portions in the group of the 1st to (L·P)th leg portions and the group of the (L·P+1)th to (2·L·P)th leg portions are located in layers with different parity.

[0023] For the stator according to the present invention, it can generally be specified that: the first leg portion is disposed in the first layer, and / or, the (L·P)th leg portion is disposed in the Lth layer.

[0024] Furthermore, each branch may also include a second to a Pth current path, the leg portions of which are arranged relative to each other in a manner corresponding to the first current path. Preferably, in the opposite circumferential direction, the jth current path is offset by 2·N·q·(j–1) slots relative to the first current path, where 2≤j≤P. These P current paths can be connected in parallel or in series. Specifically, the connecting device can be designed to connect the P current paths of the corresponding branches in parallel or in series.

[0025] For the stator according to the invention, it is preferably specified that a corresponding connecting portion at one end side (first end side) is integrally formed with a leg portion connected by said connecting portion. A corresponding connecting portion at the other end side (second end side) can be formed by electrically and mechanically connecting the leg portion connected by said connecting portion. This connection can be achieved by material bonding, for example by welding.

[0026] The first and second leg portions can be connected to each other at the second end via a connecting portion, while subsequent leg portions (in the case of a series connection) can be alternately connected to each other at the first end and the second end.

[0027] Specifically, when viewed from the first end side, the predetermined circumferential direction is counterclockwise.

[0028] The objective of this invention is also achieved by an electric motor for driving a vehicle, the motor having a rotor and a stator according to the invention, wherein the rotor is rotatably mounted relative to the stator. The motor can be a synchronous motor. The rotor can be permanently magnetized or electrically excited. Alternatively, the motor can also be an asynchronous motor.

[0029] The objective of this invention is also achieved by a vehicle comprising an electric motor according to the invention for driving the vehicle. The vehicle may be a battery electric vehicle (BEV) or a hybrid electric vehicle.

[0030] All statements regarding the stator according to the invention can be similarly applied to the electric motor and the vehicle according to the invention, thus also obtaining the aforementioned advantages. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Further advantages and details of the invention will be shown in the following figures. These are schematic diagrams:

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a first exemplary embodiment of the stator according to the present invention is shown;

[0033] Figure 2 A block diagram of a stator winding according to a first exemplary embodiment is shown;

[0034] Figure 3 A winding diagram of one branch according to a first exemplary embodiment is shown;

[0035] Figure 4 The first exemplary embodiment is shown. Figure 3 A detailed view of the winding diagram of the first current path of the branch shown;

[0036] Figure 5 A winding diagram of the first current path of one branch of a stator according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown; and

[0037] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a vehicle according to the present invention is shown, the vehicle being equipped with an exemplary embodiment of an electric motor according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the stator 1 of the first exemplary embodiment.

[0039] The stator 1 has a stator core 2, which has a longitudinal axis 3, a first end side 4, and a second end side 5 disposed opposite to the end side 4. The stator core 2 has a plurality of slots 6 (distributed circumferentially). Figure 1 Only three slots are schematically shown in the diagram, extending from the first end side 4 to the second end side 5. For example, the stator core 2 is formed by a plurality of axially stacked individual laminations (not shown) that are electrically insulated from each other, so the core may also be called or considered as a stator lamination core.

[0040] The stator 1 also has a stator winding 7, which, in this exemplary embodiment, has N=3 branches U, V, W (see Figure 2 Each branch U, V, W is formed by shaped conductors 8a and 8b, which have leg portions 9 disposed within slots 6. The shaped conductors 8a and 8b also form a first connecting portion 10a at a first end side 4 and a second connecting portion 10b at a second end side 5. Each connecting portion 10a and 10b connects to a pair of leg portions 9 disposed in different slots 6. The connecting portions 10a and 10b at each end side 4 and 5 form winding ends 12 and 13 at the corresponding end sides 4 and 5.

[0041] Specifically, the system includes a first type of molded conductor 8a and a second type of molded conductor 8b. Each of the first type of molded conductor 8a has two leg portions 9, which are integrally formed with a connecting portion 10a that connects them at a first end side 4. The second type of molded conductor 8b has only one leg portion 9 and a connecting portion 11 at the first end side 4. At the second end side 5, the connecting portion 10b is formed by a mechanical and conductive connection of the leg portions 9 of the two molded conductors 8a and 8b. Figure 1 Only one type-1 molded conductor 8a and one type-2 molded conductor 8b are shown in full. Another type-1 molded conductor 8a (which, together with the fully shown type-1 molded conductor 8a, forms one of the second connection portions 10b at the second end side 5) is shown in partial form. The type-1 molded conductor 8a may also be referred to as a U-shaped lead, and the type-2 molded conductor 8b may be referred to as an I-shaped lead.

[0042] Figure 2 This is a block diagram of the stator winding 7 according to the first exemplary embodiment.

[0043] In this exemplary embodiment, each branch U, V, W has a number of current paths 14a, 14b, 14c corresponding to the pole pair number P=3. These paths are formed by leg portions 9 connected in series via connecting portions 10, 11. Each current path 14a, 14b, 14c has a first conductor sequence 15a and a second conductor sequence 15b connected in series. This is achieved through connecting device 16 (… Figure 1 (Shown only schematically) The current paths 14a, 14b, and 14c of the corresponding branches U, V, and W are connected in parallel. The connecting device 16 also forms connection terminals 17u, 17v, and 17w, and interconnects branches U, V, and W in a star connection with star connection point 18. According to an alternative example embodiment, the current paths 14a, 14b, and 14c may be connected in series, and / or branches U, V, and W may be interconnected in a delta connection.

[0044] Figure 3 This is a winding diagram of one of the branches U according to a first exemplary embodiment. In this example, the upper table shows the receiving positions of the leg portions 9 of branches U, V, and W through different cross-sectional lines. The three lower tables show the winding diagrams of the current paths 14a, 14b, and 14c of branch U, respectively. In this example, the connecting portion 10a at the first end side 4 is indicated by dashed arrows between the receiving positions (where the leg portions 9 connected by the corresponding connecting portion 10a are provided), and the connecting portion 10b at the second end side 5 is indicated by solid arrows between the receiving positions (where the leg portions 9 connected by the corresponding connecting portion 10b are provided). The slot numbers 6 are shown between the upper table and the three lower tables.

[0045] Each slot 6 is subdivided into an even number of L layers 19a to 19d, in this exemplary embodiment, for example, L=4. These layers 19a to 19d are named first to sixth (=Lth) layers according to their radial order. For example, the first layer 19a is the innermost layer, and the fourth layer 19d is the outermost radial layer. Furthermore, the slot 6 is subdivided into (L / 2) double layers, namely, a first double layer 20a and a second double layer 20b. Here, for all 1≤i≤L / 2=2, the i-th double layer 20a, 20b is formed by the (2a)th layer and the (2a-1)th layers 19a to 19d. This means that the first double layer 20a includes the first layer 19a and the second layer 19b, and the second double layer 20b includes the third layer 19c and the fourth layer 19d. In each slot 6, one of the layers 19a to 19f of the slot 6 forms a receiving space. Therefore, each cell represents a receiving space.

[0046] Each branch U, V, and W is arranged in 2.P winding regions within slot 6. For example, in this exemplary embodiment, each branch U, V, and W has 2.P = 6 winding regions. The number of winding regions in a branch U, V, and W corresponds to the number of poles 2.P of the stator winding 9. In the respective winding regions, when an N-phase AC voltage is applied to the stator winding 9, the current flows through each leg portion in the same current direction. In each individual layer 19a to 19f, a winding region 21a to 21f, 21g to 21l extends to cover q = 3 slots, therefore P = q in the current case.

[0047] In the current configuration, each winding region of each branch U, V, W has two winding region indices 21a to 21f and 21g to 21l for the corresponding current paths 14a, 14b, 14c. On one hand, the winding regions have first to sixth (= 2nd·Pth) winding region indices 21a to 21f according to their order along a predetermined circumferential direction 22, wherein, for example, when viewed from the first end side 4 (see...) Figure 1 The predetermined circumferential direction 22 is counterclockwise. On the other hand, the winding regions have seventh [= (2·P+1)] to twelfth [= (4·P)] winding region indices 21g to 21l according to their order along the circumferential direction 23 opposite to the predetermined circumferential direction 22, where the seventh [= (2·P+1)] winding region index 21g and the fifth [= (2·P–1)] winding region index 21e specify the same winding region. Specifically, this means:

[0048] – The first winding region index 21a and the eleventh winding region index 21k specify the same winding region.

[0049] – The second winding region index 21b and the tenth winding region index 21j specify the same winding region.

[0050] – The third winding region index 21c and the ninth winding region index 21i specify the same winding region.

[0051] – The fourth winding region index 21d and the eighth winding region index 21h specify the same winding region.

[0052] – The fifth winding region index 21e and the seventh winding region index 21g specify the same winding region.

[0053] – The sixth winding region index 21f and the twelfth winding region index 21l specify the same winding region.

[0054] Figure 4 This is a detailed view of the winding diagram of the first current path 14a of branch U. For clarity, the first conductor sequence 15a and the second conductor sequence 15b are shown in separate tables.

[0055] The first conductor sequence 15a includes the first to twelfth (= L·P) leg portions 9.1 to 9.12, which are named according to their order of series connection. The second conductor sequence 15b includes the thirteenth (= 2·L·P+1) to twenty-fourth (= 4·L·P) leg portions 9.13 to 9.24, which are named according to their order of series connection.

[0056] For all 0 ≤ b ≤ 1 = L / 2 – 1 and all 1 ≤ c ≤ 6 = 2·P, the following rule applies:

[0057] – The (2·P·b+c)th leg portion is set in the winding region with the c-th winding region index and the (b+1)th double layer, and

[0058] – The (L·P+2·P·b+c)th leg portion is set in the winding region with the (2·P+c)th winding region index and the [(L / 2)–b]th double layer.

[0059] The configuration of leg portions 9.1 to 9.24 in double layers 20a and 20b, and in the winding regions with corresponding winding region indices 21a to 21f and 21g to 21l, is shown in the following two tables:

[0060]

[0061]

[0062] Furthermore, for all 1≤d≤6=L·P / 2, the (2·d–1)th and (2·d)th leg portions, and the (L·P+2·d–1)th and (L·P+2·d)th leg portions, are spaced nine (=N·q) slots 6 apart from each other. In the present case, these leg portions are leg portions 9.1 to 9.24, which are interconnected by a second connecting portion 10b at the second end side 5, as shown in the table below:

[0063]

[0064] Furthermore, for all 1≤f≤L / 2–1, the (2·f·P)th and (2·f·P+1)th leg portions, and the (L·P+f·2·P)th and (L·P+f·2·P+1)th leg portions, are spaced nine (=N·q) slots 6 apart from each other. Since L / 2–1=1 in the current exemplary embodiment, for f=1, this relates to the spacing between the sixth (=1·2·P)th and seventh (=1·2·P+1)th leg portions 9.6 and 9.7, and the spacing between the eighteenth (=L·P+1·2·P)th and nineteenth (=L·P+1·2·P+1)th leg portions 9.18 and 9.19. Therefore, these leg portions are the leg portions 9.6, 9.7, 9.18, and 9.19 disposed in different double layers 20a and 20b. In the present exemplary embodiment, these leg portions 9.6, 9.7, 9.18, and 9.19 are connected by a first connecting portion 10a at the first end side 4.

[0065] Furthermore, for all 0 ≤ g ≤ 1 = L / 2 – 1 and all 1 ≤ i ≤ 2 = P – 1:

[0066] – When g has a predetermined first parity, the (g·2·P+2·i)th and (g·2·P+2·i+1)th leg portions are separated by eight (=N·q–1) slots 6; when g has a second parity different from the first parity, they are separated by ten (=N·q+1) slots 6.

[0067] – When g has the first parity, the (L·P+(L / 2-g)·2·P+2·i) and [L·P+(L / 2-g)·2·P+2·i+1] leg parts are separated by eight (=N·q–1) slots 6; when g has the second parity, they are separated by ten (=N·q+1) slots 6.

[0068] In the current exemplary embodiment, the first parity is even. Therefore, the second parity is odd. The resulting spacing is shown in the two tables below:

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] In addition, the twelfth (= L·P) leg section 9.13 and the thirteenth (= L·P+1) leg section 9.13 are spaced nine (= N·q) slots 6 apart from each other and are located in the same layer 19d.

[0072] Regarding the installation of the leg portions 9.1 to 9.24 in layers 19a to 19d, the following regulations apply:

[0073] – The first leg section 9.1 is set in the first layer 19a.

[0074] – The twelfth (=L·P) leg section 9.12 is located in the fourth (=L) layer 19d.

[0075] – The thirteenth (=L·P+1) leg section 9.13 is located in the fourth (=L) layer 19d, and

[0076] – The twenty-fourth (= the 2nd L·P) leg portion 9.24 is set in the first layer 19a.

[0077] In addition, in the case of series connection, in the group of the first to twelfth (= L·P) leg portions 9.1 to 9.12 and the group of the thirteenth (= L·P+1) to twenty-fourth (= 2·L·P) leg portions 9.13 to 9.24, every two directly consecutive leg portions are arranged in layers 19a to 19d with different parity.

[0078] See you again Figure 3 As can be seen, except for the offset in the circumferential direction, the structures of the second and third current paths 14b and 14c are identical to those of the first current path 14a. For 2 ≤ j ≤ P, the j-th current paths 14b and 14c are offset by 2·N·q·(j–1) slots 6 relative to the first current path 14a along the opposite circumferential direction 23. This means that the second current path 14b is offset by eighteen (=2·N·q·1) slots 6 along the opposite circumferential direction 23, and the third current path 14c is offset by thirty-six (=2·N·q·2) slots 6 along the opposite circumferential direction 23.

[0079] Figure 5 This is a detailed view of the winding diagram of the first current path 14a of branch U according to a second exemplary embodiment of stator 1. Except for the differences described below, all descriptions relating to the first exemplary embodiment are applicable to this second exemplary embodiment.

[0080] According to a second exemplary embodiment, each slot 6 is subdivided into six (=L) layers 19a to 19f, wherein, again exemplarily, the first layer 19a is the innermost layer and the sixth layer 19f is the radially outermost layer. Accordingly, three double layers 20a, 20b, and 20c are provided, wherein the third double layer 20c includes the fifth layer 20e and the sixth layer 20f.

[0081] Accordingly, the first conductor sequence 15a includes the first to the eighteenth (= L·P) leg portions 9.1 to 9.18, which are named according to their order of series connection. The second conductor sequence 15b includes the nineteenth (= 2·P+1) to the thirty-sixth (= 4·L·P) leg portions 9.19 to 9.36, which are named according to their order of series connection.

[0082] For all 0 ≤ b ≤ 2 = L / 2 – 1 and all 1 ≤ c ≤ 6 = 2·P, the leg portions 9.1 to 9.36 are configured as follows in the double-layer 20a, 20b, 20c and the winding regions with corresponding winding region indices 21a to 21f, 21g to 21l:

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] Furthermore, for all 1≤d≤9=L·P / 2, the following leg portions are spaced nine (=N·q) slots apart from each other:

[0086]

[0087] Furthermore, for all 1≤f≤L / 2–1=2, the following leg portions are spaced nine (=N·q) slots apart from each other:

[0088]

[0089] Furthermore, for all 0 ≤ g ≤ 2 = L / 2 – 1 and all 1 ≤ i ≤ 2 = P – 1, and the first parity is even, the following spacing is produced:

[0090]

[0091]

[0092] In addition, the eighteenth (=L·P) leg section 9.18 and the nineteenth (=L·P+1) leg section 9.19 are spaced nine (=N·q) slots 6 apart from each other and are located in the same layer 19f.

[0093] Accordingly, in the second exemplary embodiment, the following is specified:

[0094] – The first leg section 9.1 is set in the first layer 19a.

[0095] – The eighteenth (=L·P) leg section 9.18 is located in the sixth (=L) layer 19f.

[0096] – The nineteenth (= L·P+1) leg section 9.19 is located in the sixth (= L) layer 19f, and

[0097] –The thirty-sixth (=the 2nd·L·P) leg portion 9.36 is set in the first layer 19a.

[0098] In addition, in the case of series connection, in the group of the first to eighteenth (= L·P) leg portions 9.1 to 9.18 and the group of the nineteenth (= L·P+1) to thirty-sixth (= 2·L·P) leg portions 9.19 to 9.36, every two directly consecutive leg portions are set in layers 19a to 19f with different parity.

[0099] The preceding embodiments can be similarly applied to stators with more than six layers, such as eight, ten, or twelve layers.

[0100] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a vehicle 100 equipped with an exemplary embodiment of a motor 101.

[0101] The motor 101 (e.g., a permanent magnet or electrically excited synchronous motor or asynchronous motor) has a stator 1 and a rotor 102 according to any of the foregoing exemplary embodiments. The rotor 102 is rotatably mounted relative to the stator 1.

[0102] The vehicle 100 also has wheels 103. The motor 101 is configured to indirectly drive at least one wheel 103 (e.g., via a transmission not shown) or directly drive it (e.g., in the form of a hub motor). The vehicle 100 may also have an axle (not shown) coupled to the wheel 103, which directly or indirectly drives the motor 101 of the vehicle 100.

[0103] Vehicle 100 is a battery electric vehicle (BEV), a fuel cell-powered vehicle, or a hybrid vehicle. In the latter case, vehicle 100 also has an internal combustion engine (not shown).

Claims

1. A stator (1) for an electric motor (101), comprising: A stator core (2) having a longitudinal axis (3), two axially opposed end sides (4, 5), and a plurality of slots (6) extending from one end side (4) to the other end side (5); and Stator winding (7), the stator winding (7) having N branches (U, V, W), where N≥2, wherein Each branch (U, V, W) is formed by a shaped conductor (8, 8b) having leg portions (9; 9.1 to 9.24; 9.1 to 9.36) disposed within the slot and forming connecting portions (10a, 10b), the connecting portions (10a, 10b) electrically connecting a pair of leg portions (9; 9.1 to 9.24; 9.1 to 9.36) to each other at the end sides (4, 5), respectively. in – The shaped conductor (8) forms a current path (14a) for each branch (U, V, W), the current path (14a) being formed by the leg portions (9; 9.1 to 9.24; 9.1 to 9.36) connected in series through the connecting portions (10a, 10b); in – The groove (6) is subdivided into layers 1 to L (19a to 19d; 19a to 19f), which are named according to their order in the radial direction, and for all 1≤a≤L / 2, layers (2a) and (2a-1) form layers 1 to (L / 2) (20a, 20b; 20a, 20b, 20c), where L≥4 and is an even number; in – Each slot (6) forms a receiving space in each layer (19a to 19d; 19a to 19f) for accommodating one of the leg portions (9; 9.1 to 9.24; 9.1 to 9.36), and the receiving space of the corresponding branch (U, V, W) forms 2·P winding regions with the first to (2·P)th winding region indices (21a-f) along a predetermined circumferential direction, where P≥2; in – The current path (14a) includes the first to the (L·P)th leg portions (9.1 to 9.12; 9.1 to 9.18), which are named according to their order along the series connection; in – For all 0 ≤ b ≤ L / 2–1 and all 1 ≤ c ≤ 2·P, the (2·P·b+c)th leg portion of the current path (9.1 to 9.12; 9.1 to 9.18) is set in the winding region with the c-th winding region index (21a-f) and the (b+1)th double layer (20a, 20b; 20a, 20b, 20c); in – For all 1≤d≤L·P / 2, the (2·d–1)th and (2·d)th leg portions (9.1 to 9.12; 9.1 to 9.18) are spaced N·q slots apart (6), where q is a natural number and q≥2; For all 1≤f≤L / 2–1, the (2·f·P)th and (2·f·P+1)th leg portions (9.6, 9.7; 9.6, 9.7, 9.12, 9.13) are spaced N·q slots apart (6); where For all 0≤g≤L / 2–1 and all 1≤i≤P–1, when g has a predetermined first parity, the (g·2·P+2·i)th and (g·2·P+2·i+1)th leg portions (9.2 to 9.5, 9.8 to 9.11; 9.2 to 9.5, 9.8 to 9.11, 9.14 to 9.17) are separated by N·q–1 slots (6), while when g has a second parity different from the first parity, the (g·2·P+2·i)th and (g·2·P+2·i+1)th leg portions (9.2 to 9.5, 9.8 to 9.11; 9.2 to 9.5, 9.8 to 9.11, 9.14 to 9.17) are separated by N·q+1 slots (6).

2. The stator as described in claim 1, characterized in that, –The winding regions also have (2·P+1) to (4·P) winding region indices (21g to 21l) according to their order along the circumferential direction (23) opposite to the predetermined circumferential direction (22), wherein the (2·P+1) winding region index (21g) and the (2·P–1) winding region index (21e) specify the same winding region; wherein –The current path (14a) further comprises (L·P+1) to (2·L·P) leg portions (9.13 to 9.24; 9.19 to 9.36), which are named according to their order along the series connection; wherein – The (L·P+2·P·b+c) leg portion (9.13 to 9.24; 9.19 to 9.36) is set in the winding region with the (2·P+c) winding region index (21g to 21l) and the [(L / 2)–b] double layer (20a, 20b, 20c); in – The (L·P+2·d–1)th and (L·P+2·d)th leg portions (9.13 to 9.24; 9.19 to 9.36) are spaced N·q slots apart (6); where – The (L·P+f·2·P)th and (L·P+f·2·P+1)th leg portions (9.18, 9.19; 9.24, 9.25, 9.30, 9.31) are spaced N·q slots apart (6); where – When g has the first parity, the (L·P+(L / 2-g)·2·P+2·i) and [L·P+(L / 2-g)·2·P+2·i+1] leg portions (9.14 to 9.17, 9.20 to 9.23; 9.20 to 9.23, 9.26 to 9.28, 9.32 to 9.25) are spaced N·q–1 slots apart (6). When g has the second parity, the (L·P+(L / 2-g)·2·P+2·i) and [L·P+(L / 2-g)·2·P+2·i+1] leg portions (9.14 to 9.17, 9.20 to 9.23; 9.20 to 9.23, 9.26 to 9.28, 9.32 to 9.25) are separated from each other by N·q+1 slots (6).

3. The stator as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The (L·P)th leg portion (9.12; 9.18) and the (L·P+1)th leg portion (9.13; 9.19) are connected in series via one of the connecting portions (10a).

4. The stator as described in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The (L·P)th leg portion (9.12; 9.18) and the (L·P+1)th leg portion (9.13; 9.19) are separated by N·q slots (6).

5. The stator as described in any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that, The (L·P+1)th leg portion (9.13; 9.19) is located in the Lth layer (19d; 19f), and / or The (2·L·P)th leg portion (9.24; 9.36) is located in the first layer (19a), and / or In the case of series connection, in the group of the 1st to (L·P)th leg portions (9.1 to 9.12; 9.1 to 9.18) and the group of the (L·P+1)th to (2·L·P)th leg portions (9.13 to 9.24; 9.19 to 9.36), every two directly consecutive leg portions (9.1 to 9.24; 9.1 to 9.36) are arranged in layers (19a to 19d; 19a to 19f) with different parity.

6. The stator as described in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The first leg portion (9.1) is set in the first layer (19a), and / or The (L·P)th leg portion (9.12; 9.18) is located in the Lth layer (19d; 19f).

7. The stator as described in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that, Each branch (U, V, W) also includes the second to the Pth current paths (14b, 14c), the leg portions (9) of which are arranged relative to each other in relation to the first current path (14a); wherein the jth current path (14b, 14c) is offset relative to the first current path (14a) by 2·N·q·(j–1) slots (6) along the opposite circumferential direction (23), where 2≤j≤P.

8. The stator as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The P current paths (14a, 14b, 14c) are connected in parallel or in series.

9. The stator as described in claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, P and L are coprime.

10. The stator as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, q is an odd number.

11. The stator as described in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The corresponding connecting portion (10a) at the first end side (4) is integrally formed with the leg portion (9; 9.1 to 9.24; 9.1 to 9.36) connected by the connecting portion (10a), while the corresponding connecting portion (10b) at the second end side (5) is formed by conductive and mechanical connection to the leg portion connected by the connecting portion (10b); wherein the first and second leg portions (9.1, 9.2) are connected to each other at the second end side (5) by a connecting portion (10b), and the subsequent leg portions (9.3 to 9.24; 9.3 to 9.36) are connected to each other alternately at the first and second end sides (4, 5) in the case of series connection.

12. An electric motor (101) for driving a vehicle (100) having a rotor (102) and a stator (1) as described in any of the preceding claims, wherein the rotor (102) is rotatably mounted relative to the stator (1).

13. A vehicle (100) comprising an electric motor (101) as claimed in claim 12 for driving the vehicle (100).

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