Ultraviolet color light conversion aid, color light conversion film and photovoltaic module

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of ultraviolet color light conversion aids, color light conversion film and photovoltaic module.The ultraviolet color light conversion aid includes compound with the following structure: Wherein Ar is selected from C1-C 30 Alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, phenyl, benzyl-substituted conjugated aromatic ring, the conjugated aromatic ring includes one or more combinations of alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, biphenyl, benzyl, naphthyl and anthracene group.The ultraviolet color light conversion aid contains oxazole unit, excellent light stability, with excellent anti-ultraviolet attenuation performance and reliable stability, especially suitable for preparing high-stable color light conversion film.The color light conversion film can significantly reduce the influence of short-wavelength radiation on equipment and device, significantly prolong the service life of equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic materials technology, specifically to an ultraviolet light conversion aid, a light conversion film, and a photovoltaic module. In particular, it relates to an ultraviolet light conversion aid, a photovoltaic module using the aforementioned ultraviolet light conversion aid that has a wide range of applications and can significantly improve the service life of the light conversion aid in the light conversion film, thereby extending the service life of the equipment, and a photovoltaic module using the aforementioned light conversion film. Background Technology

[0002] With the photovoltaic industry's continuous pursuit of photoelectric conversion efficiency, high-efficiency crystalline silicon cells, represented by N-type TOPCon and heterojunction cells (HJT), as well as new photovoltaic technologies such as perovskite and organic thin-film cells, are developing rapidly. Improving the utilization rate of the solar spectrum has become a key technical path for further optimizing the power generation efficiency of modules.

[0003] As one of the core functional layers of photovoltaic modules, the color conversion film significantly improves the energy utilization efficiency of the solar spectrum by converting high-energy ultraviolet light into visible or near-infrared light that can be effectively utilized by the cells. However, in actual outdoor service environments, the color conversion film is subjected to multiple stresses such as ultraviolet radiation, thermo-oxidative aging, and humid heat over a long period of time. This leads to problems such as photodegradation of the color conversion agent in the film layer, decay of fluorescence quantum efficiency, and color coordinate drift, which seriously restricts the optical performance stability and service life of the color conversion film.

[0004] Although various light conversion material systems have been developed using existing technologies, including inorganic rare earth compounds, quantum dot materials, and small organic molecules with conjugated structures, these light conversion agents generally suffer from insufficient photochemical stability and poor resistance to ultraviolet aging under independent application conditions. Under continuous ultraviolet irradiation, light conversion agents are prone to irreversible photodegradation, leading to a rapid decline in conversion efficiency and shortening the lifespan of the light conversion film, making it difficult to meet the outdoor service requirements of photovoltaic modules for more than 25 years. While histamine-based light stabilizers are proposed in CN116621770B, these stabilizers also yellow under ultraviolet irradiation, affecting the light transmittance of the module.

[0005] Therefore, developing a functional additive that can effectively enhance the photostability of color light conversion agents and extend the service life of color light conversion films is of great technical value and industrial significance for promoting the large-scale application of color light conversion technology in the photovoltaic field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Due to the aforementioned deficiencies in the existing technology, the present invention provides an ultraviolet light conversion additive with a simple manufacturing process and good stability. Specifically, it is an ultraviolet light conversion additive with a simple structure and wide applicability, a light conversion film, and a photovoltaic module. The ultraviolet light conversion additive is efficiently applied to the light conversion film, which can significantly reduce the impact of short-wavelength radiation on equipment and devices, and significantly extend the service life of the equipment.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] An ultraviolet light conversion aid, comprising a compound having the structure shown in (Ⅰ):

[0009]

[0010] (I)

[0011] Wherein, R1~R8 are each independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted amide, substituted or unsubstituted cyclic imino, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted carboxyl, substituted or unsubstituted ester, substituted or unsubstituted carbonyl, and R1~R8 are not simultaneously H; the substituted substituents include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, C1~C1... 28 Hydroxyl group, C1-C 28 Ester group, C1-C 28 Carboxyl group, C1-C 28 Amino, C1-C 28 Thiol group, C1-C 28 amide group, C1-C 28 carbonyl group, C1-C 28 Alkoxy, C6~C 28 Aryl, C4~C 28 heteroaryl, C1-C 28 Alkyl, C1-C 28 Heteroalkyl, C1-C 28 alkenyl and C1-C 28 Any one of the imino groups;

[0012] The Ar is selected from C1 to C2. 30 The conjugated aromatic ring is substituted with alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, phenyl, or benzyl groups, wherein the conjugated aromatic ring includes one or more combinations of alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, biphenyl, benzyl, naphthyl, and anthraceneyl groups.

[0013] The aforementioned materials contain oxazole units, exhibiting excellent photostability, superior resistance to UV degradation, and reliable stability. They are particularly suitable for preparing highly stable light transfer films (i.e., color conversion films). Light transfer films (i.e., color conversion films) can significantly absorb and block short-wavelength ultraviolet radiation from sunlight, greatly reducing UV damage to the internal solar cell encapsulant and cell units, effectively extending the overall lifespan of solar cell modules, and demonstrating advantages in improving the module's environmental tolerance and operational reliability.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution:

[0015] In the ultraviolet light conversion aid described above, R1 to R8 are each independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C8. 20 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 Any of the alkenyl groups.

[0016] In the ultraviolet light conversion aid described above, R1 to R8 are each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C8. 12 Any one of the alkyl groups.

[0017] The ultraviolet light conversion aid described above comprises any one or a combination of at least two of the following compounds:

[0018] .

[0019] The present invention also provides a color conversion film, wherein the raw materials for preparing the color conversion film include the ultraviolet color conversion aid, ultraviolet color conversion agent and polymer matrix as described above.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution:

[0021] As described above, in a color conversion film, the ultraviolet color conversion agent is selected from fluorescent dye molecules of small organic molecules or polymers containing structures such as biphenyl, naphthalene, perylene, fluorene, benzothiazole, benzothiadiazole, benzotriazole, and benzodithiophene.

[0022] As described above, in a color conversion film, the polymer matrix is ​​selected from polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl butyral, ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, amorphous polycarbonate, polystyrene, siloxane sol-gel, polyurethane, polyacrylate, and combinations thereof.

[0023] In the color conversion film described above, the ultraviolet color conversion aid has a mass fraction of 0.01 wt% to 3 wt% in the raw materials for preparing the color conversion film, such as 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, or 3%. If the content of the ultraviolet color conversion aid is less than 0.01%, the anti-aging effect in the color conversion film will be insignificant. If the content of the organic ultraviolet absorber is higher than 3%, there is a risk of precipitation in the color conversion film, thereby affecting the power generation efficiency of the solar cell.

[0024] The raw materials for preparing the color conversion film also include any one or a combination of at least two of the following: a primary crosslinking agent, a co-crosslinking agent, a silane coupling agent, or a thickening agent.

[0025] Preferably, the main crosslinking agent comprises a peroxide.

[0026] Preferably, the peroxide comprises any one or a combination of at least two of the following: 2-ethylhexyl tert-butyl peroxide, 2-ethylhexyl tert-pentyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert-butyl peroxide)hexane, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate tert-butyl peroxide, di(4-methylbenzoyl) peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, 1,1-di-tert-butylperoxide cyclohexane, tert-butylperoxide-2-ethylhexyl carbonate, n-butyl-4,4-di(tert-butylperoxide)valerate, dicumyl peroxide, α,α′-bis(tert-butylperoxide)-1,3-diisopropylbenzene, or 1,1-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane.

[0027] Preferably, the co-crosslinking agent includes triallyl isocyanurate, triallyl cyanurate, or acrylic acid derivatives.

[0028] Any one or a combination of at least two of the crosslinking agents.

[0029] Preferably, the acrylic co-crosslinking agent includes any one or a combination of at least two of the following: trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, propanetriol triacrylate, or ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate.

[0030] Preferably, the silane coupling agent includes any one or a combination of at least two of the following: vinyl silane coupling agents, chlorinated hydrocarbon silane coupling agents, ammonia hydrocarbon silane coupling agents, epoxy hydrocarbon silane coupling agents, methacryloyloxyalkyl silane coupling agents, sulfur-containing hydrocarbon silane coupling agents, pseudohalogen silane coupling agents, or quaternary ammonia hydrocarbon silane coupling agents.

[0031] Preferably, the tackifying agent comprises any one or a combination of at least two of the following: oligomers of silanes, rosin resins, petroleum resins, or terpene resins.

[0032] In addition, the present invention also provides a photovoltaic module comprising at least one photovoltaic device and a color conversion film as described above, wherein the color conversion film is positioned such that incident light passes through the color conversion film before reaching the photovoltaic device.

[0033] As a preferred technical solution:

[0034] The photovoltaic module as described above, the photovoltaic device includes at least one indium gallium arsenide solar cell, organic solar cell, perovskite solar cell, cadmium sulfide / cadmium telluride solar cell, amorphous silicon solar cell, microcrystalline silicon solar cell or crystalline silicon solar cell.

[0035] The above technical solution is only one feasible technical solution of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can reasonably adjust the specific design according to actual needs.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the above invention has the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0037] The ultraviolet light conversion aid of this invention contains an oxazole heterocyclic unit in its molecular structure, which endows it with excellent photochemical stability. When it works synergistically with a light conversion agent, it can effectively inhibit the degradation of light conversion molecules by ultraviolet light, and significantly enhance the anti-ultraviolet degradation ability and overall photostability of the light conversion film.

[0038] The color conversion film prepared by this invention can operate stably for a long time under continuous ultraviolet light irradiation. This film can efficiently absorb and block short-wavelength ultraviolet radiation in the solar spectrum, reducing the risk of damage to the internal encapsulation film and battery chip by ultraviolet light, thereby effectively extending the service life of solar cell modules and improving the environmental tolerance and operational reliability of the modules.

[0039] The ultraviolet light conversion aid of the present invention is not only simple in structure, low in synthesis cost, stable in structure and wide in application range, but also significantly improves the lifespan of the ultraviolet light conversion aid, thereby significantly reducing the impact of short-wavelength radiation on equipment and devices. Attached Figure Description

[0040] The invention, its features and advantages will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0041] Figure 1 This is the structural formula of the ultraviolet light conversion aid in this invention.

[0042] Figure 2 The image shows the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of compound Xa prepared in Example 1 of this invention.

[0043] Figure 3 The image shows the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of compound Xb prepared in Example 2 of this invention.

[0044] Figure 4 The image shows the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the combination of compounds Xa and Xb prepared in Example 2 of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0046] In the following embodiments and comparative examples of the present invention, "C1 to C" are used. 28 "and "C1~C 30 "etc." refers to the number of carbon atoms contained in the group, such as C1 to C2. 28 The alkyl group refers to an alkyl group with 1 to 28 carbon atoms. In this invention, "alkyl" refers to a group formed by the loss of any one hydrogen atom from an alkane compound, including straight-chain alkanes, branched alkanes, and cycloalkanes. In this invention, "aryl" refers to a group formed by the loss of any one hydrogen atom from an aromatic ring in an aromatic compound molecule. The aromatic compound includes compounds containing an aromatic ring and compounds in which at least one hydrogen atom on the aromatic ring is replaced by an alkyl group. Other groups are understood according to conventional groups in the chemical field.

[0047] The reaction apparatus, monomer compounds, and solvents involved in the following examples and embodiments are all commercially available. The detection instruments involved in the following effect examples are all commercially available, and the detection methods used are existing technologies that can be found; and the technologies not described in detail in the following effect examples are existing technologies that can be found.

[0048] See Figure 1 The ultraviolet light conversion aids described in the specification and claims of this invention include compounds having the structure shown in formula (I):

[0049]

[0050] (I)

[0051] Wherein, R1~R8 are each independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted amide, substituted or unsubstituted cyclic imino, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted carboxyl, substituted or unsubstituted ester, substituted or unsubstituted carbonyl, and R1~R8 are not simultaneously H; the substituted substituents include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, C1~C1... 28Hydroxyl group, C1-C 28 Ester group, C1-C 28 Carboxyl group, C1-C 28 Amino, C1-C 28 Thiol group, C1-C 28 amide group, C1-C 28 carbonyl group, C1-C 28 Alkoxy, C6~C 28 Aryl, C4~C 28 heteroaryl, C1-C 28 Alkyl, C1-C 28 Heteroalkyl, C1-C 28 alkenyl and C1-C 28 Any one of the imino groups;

[0052] The Ar is selected from C1 to C2. 30 The conjugated aromatic ring is substituted with alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, phenyl, or benzyl groups, wherein the conjugated aromatic ring includes one or more combinations of alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, biphenyl, benzyl, naphthyl, and anthraceneyl groups.

[0053] The above-mentioned ultraviolet color conversion aid contains an oxazole unit, exhibits excellent photostability, and possesses outstanding resistance to ultraviolet attenuation and reliable stability, making it particularly suitable for preparing highly stable color conversion films.

[0054] To further aid in understanding the technical solution of this invention, several specific implementation examples are provided below to describe the technical solution of this invention in more detail. The following specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] The preparation process of the ultraviolet light conversion aid in this embodiment is as follows:

[0057] (1) Mix 4-isooctylphenol (206.22 g), nitric acid (50 mL) and acetic acid (500 mL), and then stir overnight at room temperature under nitrogen protection. After the reaction is complete, pour the reaction solution into water, extract with dichloromethane, and then distill the extract under reduced pressure (< -0.08 MPa). Separate the extract by silica gel column to obtain 4-isooctyl-2-nitrophenol (yield 88%).

[0058]

[0059] (2) 4-Isooctyl-2-nitrophenol (150g), Pd / C (1g), hydrazine hydrate (80mL) and ethanol (500mL) were poured into a reaction flask and reacted at 78°C for 6h under N2 atmosphere. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 4-isooctyl-2-aminophenol (yield 92%).

[0060]

[0061] (3) The intermediate product (30g), terephthalic acid (10g), and polyphosphoric acid (100mL) obtained in step (2) were added to the reactor and deoxygenated by nitrogen. Then, the reaction was carried out at 180℃ for 5h under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction was completed, the reaction solution was poured into water, extracted with ethyl acetate, concentrated by vacuum distillation, and separated by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the organic ultraviolet light absorbing material Xa (yield 70.1%). UV-vis spectrum (chloroform): λmax = 352nm. Its ultraviolet absorption spectrum is shown below. Figure 2 As shown.

[0062]

[0063] Example 2

[0064] The preparation method of the ultraviolet light conversion aid in this embodiment is as follows:

[0065] (1) Mix 4-hexyloxyphenol (106 g), nitric acid (50 mL) and acetic acid (500 mL), then stir overnight at room temperature under nitrogen protection. After the reaction is complete, pour the reaction solution into water, extract with dichloromethane, and then distill the extract under reduced pressure (< -0.08 MPa). Separate the extract by silica gel column to obtain 4-hexyloxy-2-nitrophenol (yield 91%).

[0066]

[0067] (2) 4-Hexyloxy-2-nitrophenol (50g), Pd / C (0.5g), hydrazine hydrate (20mL) and ethanol (100mL) were poured into a reaction flask and reacted at 78°C for 6h under N2 atmosphere. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 4-hexyloxy-2-aminophenol (yield 89%).

[0068]

[0069] (3) The intermediate product (30g), terephthalic acid (10g), and polyphosphoric acid (100mL) obtained in step (2) were added to the reactor and deoxygenated by nitrogen. Then, the reaction was carried out at 180℃ for 5h under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction was completed, the reaction solution was poured into water, extracted with ethyl acetate, concentrated by vacuum distillation, and separated by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the organic ultraviolet light absorbing material Xb (yield 73.1%). UV-vis spectrum (chloroform): λ max =362nm. Its ultraviolet absorption spectrum is as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0070]

[0071] The ultraviolet light conversion aid prepared by blending Xa and Xb was characterized by its composition as a composition with the following structural formula:

[0072]

[0073] Its ultraviolet absorption spectrum is as follows Figure 4 As shown.

[0074] Similar preparation methods can also be used to prepare any one or at least a combination of two of the following structural formulas:

[0075]

[0076] Example 3

[0077] This embodiment utilizes the ultraviolet light conversion aid prepared in Example 1 to prepare a color conversion film. The raw materials for preparing the color conversion film also include an ultraviolet light conversion agent and a polymer matrix. The ultraviolet light conversion agent is selected from organic small molecules or polymer fluorescent dye molecules containing structures such as biphenyl, naphthalene, perylene, fluorene, benzothiazole, benzothiadiazole, benzotriazole, and benzodithiophene. The polymer matrix is ​​selected from polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl butyral, ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, amorphous polycarbonate, polystyrene, siloxane sol-gel, polyurethane, polyacrylate, and combinations thereof. The mass fraction of the ultraviolet light conversion aid in the raw materials for preparing the color conversion film is 0.01 wt% to 3 wt%.

[0078] The example synthesis process is as follows:

[0079] A UV color conversion aid having the structure shown in (Ⅰ), terfenene, and polyethylene terephthalate were mixed uniformly at a mass ratio of 1:2:500 and then spin-coated into a film. After drying, the film was used to test its UV stability.

[0080] The results showed that the prepared color conversion film could maintain stable properties of the trifluorene molecule after 200 hours of ultraviolet light irradiation, exhibiting better light stability than the color conversion film using conventional triphenyl phosphite ultraviolet color conversion additive.

[0081] Example 4

[0082] In this embodiment, a color conversion film was prepared using the ultraviolet color conversion aid obtained in Example 2, and the preparation method was similar to that in Example 1. Experimental results showed that the prepared color conversion film maintained stable properties of the ultraviolet color conversion aid terfluorene molecule after 200 hours of ultraviolet light irradiation.

[0083] As can be seen from the above description, the ultraviolet color conversion additive of the present invention can significantly enhance the anti-ultraviolet attenuation ability and overall photostability of the color conversion film.

[0084] Furthermore, without creating contradictions, those skilled in the art can combine or integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of the different embodiments or examples.

[0085] Those skilled in the art should understand that variations can be implemented by combining existing technology with the above embodiments, which will not be elaborated here. Such variations do not affect the essence of the present invention, and will not be elaborated here either.

[0086] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and the devices and structures not described in detail should be understood as being implemented in a conventional manner in the art. Any person skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention using the methods and techniques disclosed above, or modify them into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the scope of the present invention. This does not affect the essential content of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the present invention's technical solutions still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ultraviolet light conversion aid, characterized in that: Including compounds having the structure shown in (Ⅰ): (Ⅰ) Wherein, R1~R8 are each independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted amide, substituted or unsubstituted cyclic imino, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted carboxyl, substituted or unsubstituted ester, substituted or unsubstituted carbonyl, and R1~R8 are not simultaneously H; the substituted substituents include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, C1~C1... 28 Hydroxyl group, C1-C 28 Ester group, C1-C 28 Carboxyl group, C1-C 28 Amino, C1-C 28 Thiol group, C1-C 28 amide group, C1-C 28 carbonyl group, C1-C 28 Alkoxy, C6~C 28 Aryl, C4~C 28 heteroaryl, C1-C 28 Alkyl, C1-C 28 Heteroalkyl, C1-C 28 alkenyl and C1-C 28 Any one of the imino groups; The Ar is selected from C1 to C2. 30 The conjugated aromatic ring is substituted with alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, phenyl, or benzyl groups, wherein the conjugated aromatic ring includes one or more combinations of alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, biphenyl, benzyl, naphthyl, and anthraceneyl groups.

2. The ultraviolet light conversion aid according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of R1 to R8 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C8. 20 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 Any of the alkenyl groups.

3. The ultraviolet light conversion aid according to claim 2, characterized in that, R1 to R8 are each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C8. 12 Any one of the alkyl groups.

4. The ultraviolet light conversion aid according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ultraviolet light conversion aid comprises any one or a combination of at least two of the following compounds: 。 5. A color conversion film, characterized in that, The raw materials for preparing the color conversion film include the ultraviolet color conversion aid, ultraviolet color conversion agent, and polymer matrix as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The color conversion film according to claim 5, characterized in that, The ultraviolet light converter is selected from fluorescent dye molecules of small organic molecules or polymers containing structures such as biphenyl, naphthalene, perylene, fluorene, benzothiazole, benzothiadiazole, benzotriazole, and benzodithiophene.

7. A color conversion film according to claim 5, characterized in that, The polymer matrix is ​​selected from polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl butyral, ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, amorphous polycarbonate, polystyrene, siloxane sol-gel, polyurethane, polyacrylate, and combinations thereof.

8. A color conversion film according to claim 5, characterized in that, The mass fraction of the ultraviolet light conversion aid in the raw materials for preparing the light conversion film is 0.01 wt% to 3 wt%.

9. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes at least one photovoltaic device and a color conversion film as described in any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the color conversion film is positioned such that incident light passes through the color conversion film before reaching the photovoltaic device.

10. The photovoltaic module according to claim 9, characterized in that, The photovoltaic device includes at least one indium gallium arsenide solar cell, an organic solar cell, a perovskite solar cell, a cadmium sulfide / cadmium telluride solar cell, an amorphous silicon solar cell, a microcrystalline silicon solar cell, or a crystalline silicon solar cell.

Images